lead acid vs. lithium ion
DESCRIPTION
Lead Acid vs. Lithium Ion . Shaun Mayea Ben Monson Tom Hamlik Simeon Brown. Lead Acid Batteries. Lead Acid Electrochemistry. Lead Acid Standard vs. Deep Cycle. Both car batteries and deep cycle batteries are lead-acid batteries that use exactly the same chemistry for their. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Lead Acid vs. Lithium Ion
Shaun MayeaBen MonsonTom Hamlik
Simeon Brown
Lead Acid Batteries
Lead Acid Electrochemistry
Lead AcidStandard vs. Deep Cycle
Both car batteries and deep cycle batteries are lead-acid batteries that use exactly the same chemistry for their.
Starting (sometimes called SLI, for starting, lighting, ignition) • large current for a very short time. • large number of thin plates maximize surface area. The plates are composed of a
Lead "sponge "• if deep cycled, sponge will quickly be consumed and fall to the bottom of the cells. • generally fail after 30-150 cycles if deep cycled. Deep cycle • steady current over a long period of time• designed to be discharged down as much as 80% time after time, • have much thicker plates. SOLID Lead plates - not sponge. • less surface area, less "instant" power like starting batteries need. Although these
an be cycled down to 20% charge.
Typical battery ratings:
CCA (Cold Cranking Amps) - The number of amps that the battery can produce at 32 degrees F (0 degrees C) for 30 seconds
RC (Reserve Capacity) - The number of minutes that the battery can deliver 25 amps while keeping its voltage above 10.5 volts
Typically, a deep cycle battery will have two or 3x the RC of a car battery, but will deliver 1/2 or 3/4 the CCAs. In addition, a deep cycle battery can withstand several hundred total discharge/recharge cycles, while a car battery is not designed to be totally discharged.
Lithium Ion Pack
Lithium Ion Electrochemistry
Types of Lithium IonChemical Name Material Abbreviation Short form Notes Lithium Cobalt Oxide (Also lithium-ion-cobalt) LICoO2 LCO Li-cobalt High capacity; for cell
phone laptop, camera
Lithium Manganese Oxide (also Lithium-ion-manganese) LIMn2O4 LMO LI-manganese
Most safe; lower capacity than Li-cobalt but high
specific power and long life.
Power tools,
e-bikes, EV, medical, hobbyist.
Lithium Iron PhosphateLiFePO4 LFP Li-phosphate
Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide LiNiMnCoO2 NMC NMC
Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide LiNiCoAlo2 NCA NCA
Gaining importance in electric powertrain
and grid storageLithium Titanateli4Ti5O12 LTO Li-titanate
Lithium Ion Charge CycleLead Acid Charge Cycle
Charging
Cycling Depth of Discharge• The 2 tables compare the number of discharge/charge cycles
a battery can deliver at various DoD levels before the battery is worn out. Assume end of life, when the battery capacity drops to 70 percent.
Deep Cycle SLA
Depth of Discharge Discharge Cycles
100% DoD 175
50% DoD 450
25% DoD 1250
10% DoD 2000
Lithium Ion
Depth of Discharge Discharge Cycles
100% DoD 500
50% DoD 1500
25% DoD 2500
10% DoD 4700
Cost
WeightVoltage V Cost $ Weight Lbs.
2V $10.00-15.00
.5-1 lbs
4V $13.00-26.00
2-2.75 lbs
6V $8.00-215.00
2-150 lbs
8V $28.00 2 lbs
12V $13.00-470.00
1.5-160 lbsCar > 20 lbs
Voltage V Cost $ Weight Lbs.
Racing 12.8V
$420.00 1.95 lbs
Racing 16 V $1,051.00 4.44 lbs
Car 12.8v $525.00 4 lbs and 7in x 6in x 3in dimensions
Marine 12V $630.00 4.14 lbs
Marine 12.8V
$936.00 4.44 lbs
Marine 16V $1,262.00 6.12 lbs
Marine 25.6V
$1,995.00 20 lbs
Energy densities of common battery chemistries.
What could this mean for our Zap car• Offers at least 4Xthe life of standard lead-acid batteries and 2X the driving
range. The new • Drop-in replacement battery system that fits in the same space as the
OEM lead acid batteries used in many of ZAP’s vehicles• ZAP estimates lead-acid batteries have 300-500 cycles of discharging and
recharging, compared to 2,000 cycles for lithium. • Customers should see improved acceleration and handling of their
vehicles with the lighter-weight, higher-voltage batteries.
• Chart - ZAP Lithium Battery System vs. Lead-Acid