Lead‐acid battery overview and advanced research pilots

Public Workshop on Lead-Acid Batteries and Alternatives

Monday, November 6, 2017

California Environmental Protection Agency

Sacramento, California

Adam Muellerweiss

Executive Director – Sustainability, Industry and Government Affairs

Johnson Controls Power Solutions

Battery Council International

Motor Equipment Manufacturers Association

LEAD ACID BATTERIES CONTINUE TO HAVE SIGNIF ICANT

ADVANTAGES IN HIGH VOLUME VEHICLE APPLICATIONS

SAFETY

COST IMPACT

DISCHARGE POWER(COLD CRANK)

CHARGE POWER

CYCLE LIFE

WEIGHTVOLUME

ENERGY DENSITY

TEMPERATURE RANGE

PACKAGING FLEXIBILTY

RECYCLABILITY

12-VOLT BATTERY COMPARISON

AGM Li-ion

• No single battery technology

is the perfect solution

• Advanced Absorbent Glass

Mat (AGM) Lead-Acid

continues to pace the market

• Lithium-ion is complimentary

for specific electrification

needs

Note: Center lower performing, outer rings better performing

From: Johnson Controls Analysis

VEHICLE ELECTRIF ICATION CONTINUUM

POWERTRAIN TYPE

Conventional ICE

FU

EL S

AV

ING

S

START-STOP

FORD F-150

HYBRID

TOYOTA PRIUS

PLUG-IN HYBRID

CHEVROLETVOLT

EV TESLA

MODEL S

EVsStart-Stop Advanced Start-Stop Micro-Hybrid Hybrid

HONDA

ACCORD

Opportunityto improve over 90%

of vehicle types on the road today

From: Johnson Controls Analysis

Ba

se

lin

e5

%20%

+40%

+1

0%

15

%

NET GHG IMPACTS AND SAVINGS FROM LEAD -ACID BATTERIES

From: Life Cycle Assessment of Lead-based

Batteries for Vehicles, PE International for

EUROBAT – The European Association of

Battery Manufacturers

Conventional Start-Stop Micro-Hybrid

Kg

CO

2eq

v.

Manufacturing Impact

Savings from battery & engine application

0

200

-200

-400

-600

-800

-1000

-1200

-1400

-1600

-1800

Battery Use

Start-Stop AGM Battery Technology Today’s Energy & GHG Benefits

In over 35 million vehicles globally

Reducing fuel costs up to 5%

Saving each year 60 million gallons of fuel and 5.9 million metric tons GHG

Recycled versus virgin materials results in 90% less supply chain GHG emissionsFrom: Johnson Controls Estimates

LOW VOLTAGE AUTOMOTIVE ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY

Johnson ControlsRecommended Technology

Fuel Economy &CO2 Reduction

Electrification Need

Advanced

Absorbent

Glass Mat

(AGM)

Lead-Acid

Technology

+

Sta

rtS

top

Ad

van

ced

S

tart

-Sto

pC

on

ven

tio

na

l

3-5%

8%+

---*

Li Ion

Mic

roH

yb

rid

15%+

From: Johnson Controls Analysis

A C R I T I C AL B AL A N C E O F FAC TO R S R E G AR D L E S S O F B AT T E RY T E C H N O L O G Y

Weight & space

Ability to makeat world-scale

Effective operating temperatures

Charge acceptance& Recharge speed

Deep discharge capability

Favorablecost-benefit

Cycle-life &durability

Productsafety

Recyclability,recovery &reuse

Proven abilityto meet specs

Responsible &Resilientsupply chain

Operational safety & Product stewardship

BUSINESS REQUIREMENTS PRODUCT & TECHNOLOGY REQUIREMENTS

@JCI_BatteryBeat

@johnsoncontrols

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