laying the groundwork for jatropha-based biofuel industry in the philippines

3/8/2010

1

PNOC AFC UPLB DOST-PCARRD

LAYING THE GROUNDWORK FOR JATROPHA-BASED BIOFUEL INDUSTRY IN THE PHILIPPINES

Virgilio T. Villancio Program Leader Integrated R&D on Jatropha curcas for Biodiesel

PNOC AFC UPLB DOST-PCARRD

• Backgrounds

• Responding to emerging

demands

• Jatropha curcas as feedstock

• Current efforts

• Directions

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Increasing consumption of

petroleum products

About 46% of total energy is

being imported

Increasing fuel prices which

translates to increase in the

price of electricity, increase in

transport fuels and costs and

escalation in commodity prices,

World’s considerable increase in

greenhouse gasses

SOME CONCERNS

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2005 May-

07

Sep-

07

Dec-

07

Feb.

08

Soya Sunflower Palm Rapeseed Coconut

Growing demand for biofuels

Unstable prices of crude oil

Rising prices of vegetable oils

Need for non-food sources of oil

Higher value of by-products as additional source of revenue

OPPORTUNITIES

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BIODIESEL DEMAND PROJECTIONS

Year

Diesel

Demand

(M Liters)*

Biodiesel Requirement (Million

Liters)

1% 2% 5%

2006 7,479 0

2007 7,776 78

2008 8,065 81 161 403

2009 8,391 84 168 420

2010 8,653 87 173 433

2011 9,030 90 181 452

2012 9,411 94 188 471

2013 9,794 98 196 490

2014 10,122 101 202 506

2015 10,461 105 209 523

*AFETD-EUMB, Department of Energy

To achieve energy independence and fuel diversification while meeting environmental challenges through the utilization of alternative fuels

Coco-methyl Ester (CME)or Coco-Biodiesel

Ethanol Jatropha methyl Ester (JME) Tubang Bakod

ALTERNATIVE FUELS PROGRAM

For Gasoline Blend For Diesel Blend

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Emerging challenge of promoting the complementation of foods, feeds, fuels,

fibers and fertilizers utilization in agricultural systems

MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE

Reduce Greenhouse Gases Emission

Increase utilization of biofuels

Increase availability of Biofuels

Efficient biofuel product and processing

enterprises

Efficient distribution system

Sustainable supply of feedstock

Increase employment

Favorable policy, social and economic environment

POVERTY ALLEVIATION

Objective tree in the development of the biofuel

industry in relation to climate change and poverty reduction

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It is locally known as Tubang bakod, Tuba-tuba, Kasla, Tubang aso, Tubang silangan, tawa-tawa

Planted in fences

for hedges, thus the

term Tubang bakod

Leaves are used as herbal medicine for fractures

Seeds are grounded

and used to poison fish

thus the term Tuba

WHAT IS JATROPHA CURCAS?

• Can reach a height of up to 5 m

• Bear flowers and fruits as early as 6 months and can live up to 50 years

• 500-600 mm of rainfall limit of growth

• Can grow up to 500 masl

• Can grow on marginal or poor soil condition (semi-arid to tropical condition)

WHAT IS JATROPHA CURCAS?

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• 2,000-5,000 kg/ hectare/ year (depending on the quality of Jatropha seed and soil)

• 0.3- 9 kg / tree seed production

• Can bear fruit throughout the year

• Oil yield 30 – 40% crude non-edible oil

• 0.75 – 2 tons biodiesel / hectare

JATROPHA CURCAS AS BIODIESEL

FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION

Germplasm Management, Varietal improvement, seed technology, provenance testing

Nursery development

Development of production systems, prototype plantation

Soil Fertility management

Pest and diseases management

Flowering and fruiting physiology

Post Production management

Technology promotion

PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION

Mechanical processing Enzymatic processing Processing of by-products Waste management

MARKET DEVELOPMENT

Product development and promotion

Establishment of the value chain

GOALS

Rural employment Income generation Energy independence Cleaner environment

SOCIAL ECONOMICS POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL

Capacity development

FRAMEWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF JATROPHA CURCAS FOR BIODIESEL

BUSINESS AND ENTERPRISE

DEVELOPMENT

PNOC FUNDEDDOST-PCARRD

FUNDEDCHED FUNDED

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Jatropha species collection distribution map.

39 Provinces223 municipalities417 villages867 accessions of J. curcas45 accessions of J. gossypifolia28 accessions of J. podagrica17 accessions of J. multifida29 accessions of J. pandurifolia/

hastata

25 accessions being evaluated for the parental pool

CROP ESTABLISHMENT

Cuttings or

seedling

Macro and

micropropagation

Direct seeding

or planting

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(a) Control (b) BAP

(c) 2iP (d) Kinetin

Response of Jatropha curcas nodes excised from

the germinated seedlings treated with different

cytokinins on MS (Murashige and Skoog) basal

medium

Tissue culture

PRUNING

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Can we attain

48 fruiting

branches?

PESTS AND DISEASES OBSERVED

Yellow mites (Polyphagotarsonemus Latus Banks)

Red spider mite Eutranychus africanus

Thrips

Rhipiphorothrips pulchellus Morgan

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FLOWERING AND FRUITING PHYSIOLOGY

Is it possible

to have 12

fruits per

bunch?

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Jatropha plant spacing

• 2X3 meters• 2X2X4 meters• 1X6 meters

Intercrops • Pineapple•Papaya•Arrowroot•Turmeric•Sweet potato

POST PRODUCTION

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Established extraction efficienciesEnzymatic Extraction - 79.5%Mechanical Extraction- 85%

TransesterificationEnzymatic ester yield- 89%reduction of reaction time -

30 to 60 minBy-product utilization

High crude protein content of Jatropha cake

PROCESSING

Rapeseed1

--------------------

2.4 to 5.2

Soybean2

--------------------

3.2 to 3.4

Palm3

--------------------

6 to 8

Jatropha4

--------------------

21.4

Energy balance

Sources:

1. University of Agriculture, Lithuania

2. Report NREL/TP 580-24772, Golden,

U.S.A.

3. Federal University of Itajubá, Brazil

4. King Mongkut.s University of

Technology, Thailand

Energy

Ratios of

Biodiesel

from

Different Oil

Sources

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Carbon

Sequestration(Lanting, 2008)

• Stem(twigs & branches) –44.52%

• Foliage – 43.17 %

• Roots – 42.73 %

• On the average, a Jatropha curcas L. plant can store 43.47 % of carbon in its total biomass

POTENTIALS OF JATROPHA SEED PRODUCTION

Fully mature fruit Fully mature fruit

has a seed has a seed

moisture content moisture content

of 16.63% to as of 16.63% to as

low as 6.0%, with low as 6.0%, with

germination rate germination rate

from 0 to 15.0%from 0 to 15.0%

Matured pods

• 3 fruit clusters per branch per fruiting season

• 12 fruits per bunch

• 2.66 seeds per fruit

• 48 branches per tree

• 1,600 trees per hectare

• 1,400 seeds per kg

• 5,250 kg per hectare

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Map for Jatropha suitability

CATEGORY HECTARESPERCENT OF

TOTAL

PERCENT OF

WITH

COCONUT

Highly Suitable + Coconut +

A/D1,637,906 12.6 49.7

Highly Suitable + Coconut +

Non A/D 284,431 2.2 8.6

Highly Suitable + Slope

Stabilization + Coconut + A/D638,740 4.9 19.4


Stabilization + Coconut +

NonA/D223,907 1.7 6.8

Moderately Suitable + High

Rainfall + Coconut + A/D305,960 2.4 9.3


Rainfall + Coconut + Non A/D77,315 0.6 2.3

Suitable + High Rainfall + Slope

Stabilization + Coconut+A/D 74,291 0.6 2.3


Stabilization +

Coconut+nonA/D52,204 0.4 1.6

Sub-total with coconut 3,294,754 25.4 100.0

Total area suitable to Jatropha 12,992,812 100.0

Coconut area delineated to be suitable

with planting of Jatropha curcas

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CATEGORY HECTARESPERCENT

OF TOTAL

PERCENT OF

WITHOUT

COCONUT

Highly Suitable + A/D 1,491,216 11.5 15.4

Highly Suitable + Non A/D 1,534,901 11.8 15.8


Stabilization + A/D1,142,723 8.8 11.8


Stabilization + Non A/D3,821,047 29.4 39.4


Rainfall + A/D225,722 1.7 2.3


Rainfall + Non A/D357,663 2.8 3.7


Stabilization + A/D143,773 1.1 1.5


Stabilization + Non A/D981,013 7.6 10.1

Sub-total without coconut 9,698,058 74.6 100.0

Total area suitable to Jatropha 12,992,812 100.0

Areas without coconut delineated to be

suitable to planting of Jatropha curcas

Godilano, 2008

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LUZON

VISAYAS

MINDANAO

Zambales

32,000 has

Quezon

100,000 has

Palawan

10,000 has

Iligan

5,000 has Bukidnon

50,000 has

PNOC CONSOLIDATED LAND/PLANTATION PARTNERS

MOU/MOA signed

Under evaluation

Ozamis

5,000 has

Cag de Oro

500 has

Fort Mag

500 has

Cebu

5,000 has

Bohol 5,000

has

Cam Sur

3,000 has

Mindoro

5,000 has

Samar

5,000 has

Cam Norte

13,000 has

Davao

65,000 has

Sarangani

40,000 has

Neg Or

10,000 has

Where are they …

Network of SCUs involved in Jatropha R&D

MMSU

Batac, Ilocos Norte ISU

Cabagan & Echague

PSU

Bamban, Infanta, Pangasinan

PAC

Magalang, Pampanga

QSC

Diffun, QuirinoTCA

Camiling, Tarlac

CNSC

Labo, Camarines Norte

CSSAC

Pili, Camarines Sur

CapSU

Burias, Mamburao,

Capiz

CVSCAFT

Carmen & Bilar, Bohol

SSPSC

Carromata, San Miguel,

Surigao del Sur

VSU

Baybay, Leyte

CMU

Musuan, Bukidnon

DOSCST

Mati, Davao OrientalUSM

Kabacan & Arakan

WMSU

San Ramon, Zamboanga

City

UPLB

Quezon Land Grant

Los Ba nos LagunaCLSU

Munoz, Nueva Ecija

RMTU

San Marcelino, Zambalez

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Private

sector

initiatives

DSK Yume Koubon

Talugtug, N. Ecija

GFT

Tanay, Rizal

Leverson Brothers

Bugallon, Pangasinan

C3

Bulalakaw, Mindoro Orr

Freshwind Biotech

Pila, Laguna

DK

Tarlac

Neogen

Tiaong, Quezon

Kibio

San Roque, E.Samar

Royal Green

Narra, PalawanHTeves

Sta Catalina,

Negros Orr

Mendez

Romblon

ABC

Malitbog Bukidnon

Medina, Mis Or

EcoGlobal

GenSaa City

GREEN 8

SAMASA

Lanao Sur

Laguna Biofuels

Lumban, Laguna

Bioenergy

San Fabian, Pangasinan

D1 BP

North

Cotabato

BENLINC

Ilocos Norte

• Food, Feed, Fuel Complementarity

• Research and Development

• Land use and conversion

• Income and employment

• Government intervention and energy independence

• Business models and Equity

DIRECTIONS

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DSK Yume Koubon Farm

NUEVA ECIJA-PANGASINAN

JATROPHA PLANTATION AT ZAMBOANGUITA, DUMAGUETE

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Sa Jatropha, Sa Agroforestry

Sama-samang

Itaguyod ang

Pag-unlad ng

Agrikultura,

Gubatan at

Pangisdaan sa

PILIPINAS

3/8/2010

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SIPAGPa

PILIPINAS!!!

Game ka na ba!!!

laying the groundwork for jatropha-based biofuel industry in the philippines

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