Cisco Knowledge Network

Laying the Foundation for 5G Tom Anderson Principal Engineer November 3, 2015

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Outline 5G

• Why is it needed? What is it? When is it? • Review of “5G” Technologies

5G RAN Evolution • CRAN architecture • Low cost, neutral host, wideband access points

5G Core Evolution • Network slicing to support wide range of use cases/

verticals & business models • Core evolution including Control/User plane split

5G Internet Evolution •  Information Centric Networking • New model for modern internet usage based on

optimized mobility, security and storage

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5G Why is it needed? What is it? When is it?

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So Why Another G?

1980s • 1G • Analog • Voice

1990s • 2G • Digital • >Voice Capacity

2000s • 3G • CDMA2000, WCDMA

• Voice & Data

2010s • 4G • LTE/LTE-A • Video & Broadband Data

2020s • 5G •  ??

2020+ 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2014 2013 2012 2015

ITU: IMT Vision Requirements Proposals Specs

Horizon 2020 / 5G PPP

NGNM: Rqts Tech Drivers, Use Cases…. Demos, Trials 3GPP Standards: Release 14 / 15

Olympics 2018 Korea

Olympics 2020 Japan

EU: FP 7 METIS US: NSF FIA NSF FIA – Next Phase

§ Growth: new devices, diverse applications and usage models, more traffic

§ One generation / decade since mid-80s; clearly defined use cases market demand

§ 2000-2010 transition for voice centricity to data centricity

§ >2020 needs to be more than greater data capacity and coverage

Despite the market hype, the industry is in the early stages of defining “5G”

Research

Stds

Market

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The 5G Drivers When won’t 4G be enough?

5G will become a market reality when 4G can no longer economically support the applications and use cases the market demands

Exabytes per Month

Source: Cisco VNI Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast, 2014–2019

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§  ITU defined processes for 3G (IMT-2000) and 4G (IMT-Advanced) •  Performance requirements •  Evaluation criteria •  Submission and evaluation process

§ Standards organizations worked towards including technologies and features to meet these requirements and sent in proposals to ITU

§ Ultimately, the operators decided what was marketed as 3G and 4G

§ Expect the same to occur for 5G based on IMT-2020

What is 5G? When is 5G?

ITU defines IMT-2020 requirements for “5G”, but 5G marketing will be determined by the operators

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Technology Description Target Benefits Millimeter-wave technology 30 - 60 GHz bands for short range access More capacity, higher data rates

Massive MIMO Interference management and cancellation Many antenna elements (>16) in active array

Greater spectral efficiency è more capacity, higher data rates (mainly low mobility)

New Waveforms Advanced Multi-carrier & Non-orthogonal Tx Spect. Eff., reduced signaling, spectrum sharing

Shared Spectrum Access Authorized Shared Access Spectrum Opportunistic use of spectrum

Advanced Inter-node Communication Coord. scheduling/BF, Joint Tx/Rx, DPS Greater average & cell edge Spectral Efficiency

Multi-RAT Integration LAA-LTE, LTE-U, LWA, Aggregation thru MP-TCP Greater Spectral Efficiency, higher peak rates

Ultra Wideband Radios Radios that span multiple bands Flexible spectrum utilization; multi-operator

Centralized-RAN/Cloud-RAN (C-RAN) Move BTS L1-3 processing functions to cloud. Lower OPEX, potential for neutral host solutions, Potentially reshape RAN ecosystem.

Device to Device (D2D) Direct communication between cellular devices Reduced latency, reduced BH requirements

SON & RAN Aware Policy Management Closed loop network automation/optimization Reduced OPEX, more capacity, improved QoE

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Decouples network functions from underlying HW Reduces cost, increases business agility, and accelerates time to market of new services

Software Defined Networking (SDN) Provides programmable network and a centralized, end-to-end view of services

Rapid service provisioning, network flexibility, lower CAPEX/OPEX

Mobile Edge Computing Providing storage & compute at network edge Reduced latency, reduced BH

Network Slicing Network flexibility to support multiple logical network partitions to support wide range of use cases Network flexibility, cost, QoE

Information-Centric Networking Named-Data-Networking (NDN)

Content-Centric Networking (CCN)

New communication model for internet designed for information delivery rather than data transport; Opt.

Mobility, Security, Storage

Simple, Fast, efficient, secure, authorized retrieval of information and content

“5G” Technologies

Will be part of 5G RAN

Already happening in 4G

but laying the foundation for 5G

Truly innovative 5G internet

concept

Many evolved 4G technologies paving the way for 5G. Cisco leading the internet evolution to ICN.

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5G RAN Evolution CRAN architecture Low cost, neutral host, wideband access points

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§  New RATs considered for IoT •  3GPP based enhancements - LTE-M, Cellular IoT (CIoT) •  Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) – Sigfox, LoRa, OnRamp, etc.

§  New RAT for mmWAVE •  Makes sense to look at new RAT for nomadic use •  Should be optimized to take advantage of Massive MIMO

§  New RAT for Better Broadband Access? •  Advanced multi-carrier or non-orthogonal transmission being discussed, but… •  What are the advantages over LTE-Adv evolution?

5G Radio Access Technologies (RATs)

5G will support multiple RATs: likely new RATS for IoT & mmWave, LTE-Adv evolution for Better Broadband Access

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Vision for 5G RAN Core

Network

LTE eNB LTE

eNB LTE eNB RF

TP

Controller

§  Small Cells focused §  Very wideband RF covering multiple operators licensed bands (multi-tenant) §  Simple, low cost, commoditized RF heads

§  Centralized and virtualized as much of the RAN as practically and economically beneficial (likely MAC and above)

§  Support load balancing of RAN processing to scale with # of users, flows, applications, etc.

§  Leverage intelligence in information now made centrally available through SON to provide improved QoE

§  Fully virtualized EPC, IMS, Gi-LAN, etc.

5G RAN vision: CRAN architecture with low cost, neutral host, wideband RF + PHY access points

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5G Core Evolution Enhanced core network to support wide range of use cases, verticals and business models

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5G Architecture Vision

Source: NGMN 5G White paper February 2015

5G must flexibly support certain RATS for certain applications with certain network functions

Access Agnostic CP / UP split

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Network Slicing

Network slicing to provide flexibility to effectively/efficiently support various use case/verticals & business models

Source: NGMN 5G White paper, February 2015

§  3GPP Dedicated Core networks (Décor) – a potential enabler for network slicing • Décor feature enables an operator to deploy

multiple logical mobile core networks connected to the same RAN

• Network slicing use cases which only differ in terms of the required CN configuration could be realized by the Décor feature (i.e. via multiple dedicated CNs)

• Cisco standards team contributed extensively to Rel-13 Décor work in 3GPP

• Cisco is a supporting company of the on-going work on Rel-14 enhancements for Décor (aiming at enhanced isolation between different dedicated CNs).

§  Industry still working to identify 5G use cases for network slicing

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5G Internet Evolution Information Centric Networking New model for modern internet usage based on optimized mobility, security and storage

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§ With New Emerging Technologies: IOT, unlicensed/Wi-Fi evolution How do we implement mobility across this diverse access environment? • The complex mobility network infrastructure was created due to the need to preserve the session when devices moved from one IP address to another (IP address preservation).

•  If we eliminate sessions … can we eliminate this complexity and make mobility access agnostic?

§ Huge traffic growth expected, driven by content/video consumption. How do we get content close to the edge (Current CDN technology seems insufficient) • Can we cache content in the network in a distributed fashion to create an intrinsic, scalable content centric network?

§ How do we deal with security and associated encryption issues while providing reasonable network management (HTTP 2.0)? • Can we secure the content rather than the container (e.g. router, host) or the communication channel?

§ How do we more effectively deploy broadcast and multicast services ubiquitously in face of today’s cumbersome overlay methods?

§ Can we make mobility more efficient by making it an intrinsic aspect of the network?

Future Network Challenges

ANSWER: YES -> We need to consider an Information Centric Network

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Mobility Overlay

Security Overlay

IP Transport Network

Storage Overlay

Mobile, Secured, Storage Network

A new model for modern Internet usage

Builds on the latest “Future-Internet” architecture research

New networking paradigm:

•  Mobility – eliminate need for special mobility overlays

•  Security – guarantee the integrity of every data object

•  Storage – dynamic placement of information anywhere in the network

Information Centric Networking Providing a New Foundation for 5G

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Information Centric Networking Providing a New Foundation for 5G

CONTENT AS AN OBJECT Slice Content into discrete namable

chunks

THREE MAJOR COMPONENTS

NAME BASED ROUTING A name could refer to any number

of entities

TRANSPORT ENHANCEMENTS

•  Can be encrypted as an object •  Supports blind caches and network storage

capabilities •  Supports multipath / multicast capabilities

•  Enables intelligent SDN based routing •  Network based “DNS equivalent” •  User / Application identity no longer tied to IP

address supporting mobility, multipath / multicast

•  Address TCP issues •  Local cache can be used for error recovery •  Usable by non-content related traffic

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ICN Routing Example – basic concepts

ICN routers comprise three components (rather than one) i.  FIB: Forwarding Information Table

– can have multiple forwording entries per prefix

ii.  PIT: Pending Interest Table – return route state for outstanding requests

iii. Content Store: Integral content cache in networking layer

Interest Packet

Data Packet

Three main components of ICN: Forwarding Info, Pending Interest & Content Storage

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Summary •  5G is not just about the next generation RAN, but

very focused on the next generation core and internet

•  CRAN is laying the foundation to lower TCO for 5G neutral host small cells

•  Network slicing, C/U plane split (SDN) and access agnostic capabilities laying the foundation for more flexible and efficient 5G core to support wide range of use cases, business models, verticals, etc.

•  Cisco is leading the 5G internet evolution to ICN, driven by real-world applications with mobility at the top

Thank you