layers of the earth
TRANSCRIPT
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The DynamicEarth
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Earth Facts:• circumference around the poles is 40,007 km• circumference around the equator is
40,074 km• Earth is NOT a perfect sphere… it is a oblate
spheroid, a slightly flattened sphere
• Earth’s mass is approximately 6.0 x 1024 kg
• Earth’s average diameter is 12,735 km• Difference between the height of the tallest
mountains and the depth of the deepest ocean trenches is only 20 km
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Layers above the Earth• Hydrosphere: all of the water that covers the Earth
• Atmosphere: blanket of gases that surround the Earth; 78% Nitrogen; 21% Oxygen; The rest (1%) is combination of argon, carbon dioxide
helium and water
• Atmosphere is divided up into 5 regions
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Layers inside the Earth
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Layers inside the EarthCrust: The thin, solid outermost zone
of the Earth
• Makes up only 1% of Earth’s mass
• Oceanic Crust: crust under the oceans• Only 5km to 10km thick
• Continental Crust: crust that makes up thecontinents
• 15km to 80km thick• Thickest beneath high mountain ranges
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Layers inside the EarthMantle: Zone of rock nearly 2,900km thick
Makes up almost 67% of Earth’s massLayers of the Mantle:
Lithosphere: uppermost part of the mantle and the crust above it; cool and brittle. The boundary between the crust and mantle is referred to as the MOHO
Asthenosphere: solid rock with the ability to flow due to heat and pressure (plasticity)
Mesosphere: increasingly dense and solid rock layer (aka “Lower Mantle”)
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Layers inside the EarthCore: Center of the earth made up mostly
of iron
Outer core: dense liquid layer about 2,250km thick
Inner core: dense solid layer about 1,228km thick
Together the inner and outer core make up about 33.3 % of Earth’s mass
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P and S Waves
Liquids and Solids
How Do We Know?
Seismic Wave Studies
We will talk more about seismic waves when we study Earthquakes!
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The Earth As A Magnet
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The Earth’s Gravity
Sir Isaac Newton’s Law of Gravitation: The force of attraction between two objects depends on the mass of the objects and the distance between them.
Weight: A measure of the strength of the pull of gravity on an object
Weight and Mass are NOT the same….
EUREKA !
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The Earth is not perfectly round it is slightly wider around the Equator
So… a person standing at the Equator is farther from the center of the Earth than a person standing at the North Pole.
The person at the Equator will weigh less because he is farther from the center of the Earth.
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The Movements of the Earth
How fast is the Earth spinning?
0.5 km/sec Called: ROTATION
Time it takes for Earth to ROTATE once on it’s axis: 24 hours
How fast is the Earth revolving around the Sun?
30 km/sec Called: REVOLUTION
Time it takes for Earth to REVOLVE once around the sun: 365.24 days (1 year)
How far is the Earth from the sun when it is CLOSEST TO IT?
147,100,000km Called:Perihelion
How far is the Earth from the sun when it is FARTHEST FROM IT?
152,600,000km Called:Aphelion
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The Earth is tilted on it’s axis
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The Reasons for the Seasons
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