law commission report no. 214- proposal for reconsideration of judges cases i, ii and iii - sp gupta...

8/18/2019 Law Commission Report No. 214- Proposal for Reconsideration of Judges Cases I, II and III - SP Gupta vs. UOI

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T4E LAW COMMISSION OF INDIA

/REPORT NO% *'+0

Proposal for Reconsideration of !d"es cases I# II and III $ S% P% G!pta Vs &OI

reported in AIR '()* SC '+(# S!pre,e Co!rt Ad-ocates$on$Record

Association Vs &OI reported in '((. /+0 SCC ++' and Special Reference ' of

'(() reported in '(() /10 SCC 1.(

For5arded to t6e &nion Minister for La5 and !stice# Ministr7 of La5 and

!stice# Go-ern,ent of India 27 Dr% !stice AR% La8s6,anan# C6air,an# La5

Co,,ission of India# on *'st da7 of No-e,2er# *33)%

2


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T6e ')t6 La5 Co,,ission 5as constit!ted for a period of t6ree

7ears fro, 'st

Septe,2er# *339 27 Order No% A%+:3'*;';*339$Ad,n%III /LA0 dated t6e '9t6 Octo2er# *339# iss!ed 27 t6e

Go-ern,ent of India# Ministr7 of La5 and !stice# Depart,ent of

Le"al Affairs# Ne5 Del6i%

T6e La5 Co,,ission consists of t6e C6air,an# t6e Me,2er$

Secretar7# one f!ll$ti,e Me,2er and se-en part$ti,e Me,2ers%

C6air,an

4on


4/60

T6e La5 Co,,ission is located in ILI =!ildin"#

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Ne5 Del6i$''3 33'

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Me,2er$Secretar7

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Researc6 Staff

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Infor,ation Officer

4


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T6e teBt of t6is Report is a-aila2le on t6e Internet at@

6ttp@;;555%la5co,,issionofindia%nic%in

Go-ern,ent Cop7ri"6t *33)

La5 Co,,ission of India

Go-ern,ent of India

Ministr7 of La5 and !stice

Depart,ent of Le"al Affairs

Ne5 Del6i$''333'

India

T6e teBt in t6is doc!,ent /eBcl!din" t6e Go-ern,ent Lo"os0 ,a7

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cop7ri"6t and t6e title of t6e doc!,ent specified%

An7 en!iries relatin" to t6is Report s6o!ld 2e addressed to t6e

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Dr. Justice AR. Lakshmanan ILI Building (IInd Floor!(Former Judge! "u#reme $ourt o% India Bhag&andas Road!

$hairman! La& $ommission o% India 'e& Delhi))* **) +el., -)))23344/5

Fa0, -)2333514

2).)).2*

Res#ected "hri Bhard&ai!

I am here&ith enclosing our 2)4th Re#ort on ro#osal %or Reconsideration o%

Judges cases I! I and III ".. 6u#ta 7s 89I re#orted in AIR )-2 "$ )4-!

"u#reme $ourt Ad:ocates on Record Association 7s 89I re#orted in )--3

(4 "$$ 44) and "#ecial Re%erence ) o% )-- re#orted in )-- (/ "$ /3-;.

+he #ro#osal &as #laced !

( AR. Lakshmanan

"hri .R. Bhard&a!

onC


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PROPOSAL FOR RECONSIDERATION OF JUDGES CASES I, II &

III – S.P..Gupta Vs UOI reported ! AIR "#$% Supree

Court Ad'o(ates o! Re(ord Asso(ato! Vs UOI

reported ! "##)*+ SCC ++" a!d Spe(a- Reere!(e "

o "##$ reported ! "##$ */ SCC /)#

Preface : Part 1

" 012 re(o!sderato!3 T1e Supree Court !

Su41as1 S1ara Vs U.O.I. *reported ! "##"*"

Supp. SCC 5#+ presded o'er 42 Ra!6a!at1 7sra

CJ, 7.N. Ve!8ata(1a-a1 a!d 7.7. Pu!(1 JJ 1ad

e9pressed, dou4ts a4out t1e (orre(t!ess o t1e

!terpretato! o t1e :ord ;(o!su-tato!< !

re6ard to t1e appo!te!t o =ud6es ! S.P.

Gupta Vs U.O.I. *reported ! "#$% SC "+# ! t1e

o--o:!6 :ords *! paras +) & +5 o t1e sad

=ud6e!t>?

;T1e :ord @(o!su-tato! s used ! a

(o!sttuto!a- pro'so! ! re(o6!to! o t1e

status o t1e B61 (o!sttuto!a- d6!tar2 :1o

/


8/60

ora--2 e9presses t1e resu-t o t1e

!sttuto!a- pro(ess -ead!6 to t1e appo!te!t

o =ud6es. To -t t1at e9presso! to ts

-tera- -tato! s1or! o ts (o!sttuto!a-

4a(86rou!d a!d purpose s to 4orro: Just(e

Fra!8urters p1rase ;to st(8 ! t1e 4ar8 o

:ords.<

T1e =ud6es ! t1at (ase 1ad op!ed t1at

;Jud(a- Re'e: s a part o t1e 4as(

(o!sttuto!a- stru(ture a!d o!e o t1e 4as(

eatures o t1e esse!ta- I!da! (o!sttuto!a-

po-(2. T1e esse!ta- (o!sttuto!a- do(tr!e

does !ot 42 tse- =ust2 or !e(esstate a!2

pra(2 o t1e e9e(ut'e :!6 o! t1e 6rou!d o

ts po-t(a- a((ou!ta4-t2 to t1e e-e(torate.

O! t1e (o!trar2 :1at s !e(essar2 s a!

!terpretato! susta!!6 t1e stre!6t1 a!d

'ta-t2 o Jud(a- Re'e:. It 61t u!der

(erta! (r(usta!(es 4e sad t1at 6o'er!e!t s

!ot 4ou!d to appo!t a Jud6e so re(oe!ded 42


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t1e =ud(a- :!6. ut to (o!tep-ate a po:er

or t1e e9e(ut'e to appo!t a perso! despte

1s 4e!6 dsappro'ed or !ot re(oe!ded 42 t1e

C1e Just(e o t1e State a!d t1e C1e Just(e

o I!da :ou-d 4e :1o--2 !approprate a!d :ou-d

(o!sttute a! ar4trar2 e9er(se o po:er. T1e!

a6a!, :1e!e'er t1ere 61t 4e dere!(e o

op!o! 4et:ee! t1e C1e Just(e o a state a!d

t1e C1e Just(e o I!da – Soe o t1e :e61t2

reaso!s ! t1s 4e1a- are set out 42 t1e ot1er

t1ree Jud6es ! t1er op!o! – t1e op!o! o

t1e C1e Just(e o I!da s1ou-d 1a'e t1e

prepo!dera!t ro-e. 0e are o t1e 'e: t1at t1e

pra(2 o t1e C1e Just(e o I!da ! t1e

pro(ess o se-e(to! :ou-d pro'e t1e ua-t2

o se-e(to!. T1e purpose o t1e @(o!su-tato!

s to sae6uard t1e !depe!de!(e o t1e

=ud(ar2 a!d to e!sure se-e(to! o proper

perso!s. T1e atter s !ot, t1ereore, to 4e

(o!sdered t1at t1e !a- sa2 s t1e e9(-us'e

-


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prero6at'e o t1e e9e(ut'e 6o'er!e!t. T1e

re(oe!dato!s o t1e approprate

(o!sttuto!a- u!(to!ares ro t1e =ud(a-

or6a! o t1e State 1as a! eua--2 porta!t

ro-e. ;Co!su-tato! s1ou-d 1a'e s!e:s to

a(1e'e t1e (o!sttuto!a- purpose a!d s1ou-d

!ot 4e re!dered ster-e 42 a -tera-

!terpretato!. 01o s a4-e to de(de t1e

ua-tes o -a:2ers proposed to 4e e-e'ated to

t1e 4e!(1 ore t1a! t1e =ud6es o t1e Superor

Courts 4eore :1o t1e2 pra(t(e3 T1ere are

prepo!dera!t a!d (ope--!6 (o!sderato!s :12

t1e 'e:s o t1e C1e Just(es o t1e States

a!d t1at o t1e C1e Just(e o I!da s1ou-d 4e

aorded a de(s'e port u!-ess t1e e9e(ut'e

1as soe atera- ! ts possesso! :1(1 a2

!d(ate t1at t1e appo!te!t s ot1er:se

u!desra4-e.*Para ++

T1e Ve: :1(1 t1e our -ear!ed =ud6es s1ared !

Guptas (ase, ! our op!o!, does !ot re(o6!e

)*


11/60

t1e spe(a- a!d p'ota- posto! o t1e

!sttuto! o t1e C1e Just(e o I!da.*Para

+5 T1e (orre(t!ess o t1e op!o! o t1e

a=ort2 ! S.P. Gupta (ase re-at!6 to t1e

status a!d porta!(e o (o!su-tato!, t1e

pra(2 o t1e posto! o t1e C1e Just(e o

I!da a!d t1e 'e: t1at t1e 9ato! o Jud6e

stre!6t1 s !ot =ust(a4-e s1ou-d 4e

re(o!sdered 42 a -ar6er 4e!(1. *Para +5

Ep1ass Supp-ed

T1e operat'e part o t1e order o reere!(e s

(o!ta!ed ! para +# ;as ! our op!o! t1e

(orre(t!ess o t1e a=ort2 'e: ! S.P. Gupta

(ase s1ou-d 4e (o!sdered 42 a -ar6er 4e!(1 :e

dre(t t1e papers o 0.P. No. ")) o "#$/ to 4e

p-a(ed 4eore t1e -ear!ed C1e Just(e or

(o!sttut!6 a 4e!(1 o !!e Jud6es to e9a!e

t1e t:o uesto!s :e 1a'e reerred to a4o'e,

!ae-2, t1e posto! o t1e C1e Just(e o

I!da :t1 reere!(e to pra(2 a!d, se(o!d-2,

))


12/60

=ust(a4-t2 o 9ato! o =ud6e stre!6t1


13/60

E.S. Ve!8ataraaa1 JJ, ! S.P. Guptas (ase

t1e (orre(t!ess o :1(1 :as dou4ted !

Su41as1 S1aras (ase.

T1e re-e'a!t porto! o t1e a=ort2 =ud6e!t

de-'ered 42 Just(e P.N.1a6:at spea8!6 or

1se- ! re6ard to t1e e9presso!

;(o!su-tato!< o((urr!6 ! %"/ o t1e

(o!sttuto! s e9tra(ted 1ere4e-o:>

;Ea(1 o t1e t1ree (o!sttuto!a-

u!(to!ares o((upes a 161 (o!sttuto!a-

o(e a!d C-. *" o Art. %"/ pro'des t1at

t1e appo!te!t o a B61 Court Jud6e s1a-- 4e

ade ater (o!su-tato! :t1 t1e u!(to!ares

:t1out ass6!!6 superort2 to t1e op!o!

o o!e o'er t1at o a!ot1er. It s true t1at

t1e C1e Just(e o I!da s t1e 1ead o t1e

I!da! =ud(ar2 a!d a2 4e 6urat'e-2

des(r4ed as patera-as o t1e 4rot1er1ood

o Jud6es 4ut t1e C1e Just(e o a B61

Court s a-so a! eua--2 porta!t

)3


14/60

(o!sttuto!a- u!(to!ar2 a!d t s !ot

poss4-e to sa2 t1at so ar as t1e

(o!su-tat'e pro(ess s (o!(er!ed, 1e s !

a!2 :a2 -ess porta!t t1a! t1e C1e Just(e

o I!da. I! a(t, u!der t1e (o!sttuto!a-

s(1ee, t1e C1e Just(e o a B61 Court s

!ot su4=e(t to t1e ad!strat'e

super!te!de!(e o t1e C1e Just(e o I!da

!or s u!der t1e (o!tro- o super'so! o t1e

C1e Just(e o I!da..

I pra(2 :ere to 4e 6'e! to t1e op!o! o

t1e C1e Just(e o I!da, t :ou-d, !

ee(t a!d su4sta!(e aou!t to (o!(urre!(e,

4e(ause 6'!6 pra(2 :ou-d ea! t1at 1s

op!o! ust pre'a- o'er t1at o t1e C1e

Just(e o t1e B61 Court a!d t1e Go'er!or o

t1e State, :1(1 ea!s t1at t1e Ce!tra-

Go'er!e!t ust a((ept 1s op!o!. ut t s

o!-2 (o!su-tato! a!d !ot (o!(urre!(e o t1e

)4


15/60

C1e Just(e o I!da t1at s pro'ded ! C-.

*" o Art. %"/.*Para %#. *ep1ass supp-ed

T1ere ust 4e a (o--e6u to a8e

re(oe!dato! to t1e Presde!t ! re6ard to

appo!te!t o a Supree Court or B61 Court

Jud6e. T1e re(oe!d!6 aut1ort2 s1ou-d 4e

! (o!su-tato! :t1 :der !terests. I t1e

(o--e6u s (oposed o perso!s :1o are

e9pe(ted to 1a'e 8!o:-ed6e o t1e perso!s :1o

a2 4e t or appo!te!t o! t1e e!(1 a!d o

ua-tes reured or appo!te!t a!d t1s

-ast reuree!t s a4so-ute-2 esse!ta- – t

:ou-d 6o a -o!6 :a2 to:ards se(ur!6 t1e r61t

8!d o Jud6es, :1o :ou-d 4e tru-2 !depe!de!t

a!d :1o :ou-d !'est t1e =ud(a- pro(ess :t1

s6!(a!(e a!d ea!!6 or t1e depr'ed a!d

e9p-oted se(to!s o 1ua!t2.< *para )

Re6ard!6 9ato! o =ud6e stre!6t1 t1e

a=ort2 =ud6e!t :as o t1e 'e: t1at t1s

:as !ot =ust(a4-e a!d !o 7a!daus (ou-d

)5


16/60

ssue. T1s aspe(t 1o:e'er 1as -ost ts

s6!(a!(e 4e(ause ! t1e (ase o Su41as1

Gupta t1e Attor!e2 Ge!era- ade a statee!t

t1at t1e 6o'er!e!t 1ad !o o4=e(to! to t1e

Bo!4-e Court 6o!6 !to t1e uesto!.

). T1e se(o!d Jud6es (ase Supree Court Ad'o(ates

o! Re(ord Asso(ato! a!d ot1ers 's U.O.I.

*reported ! "##)*+ SCC ++"

It s ! t1s 4a(8drop t1at t1e !!e =ud6es

4e!(1 :as (o!sttuted a!d =ud6e!t :as

de-'ered o! H""##). T1e =ud6e!t ru!s

!to )H pa6es a!d tra'e-s ar 4e2o!d t1e

order o reere!(e. Noted =urst Late B.7.

Seer'a ! 1s Co!sttuto!a- La: o I!da

ourt1 edto! S-'er Ju4-ee Edto! *Vo-ue

" 1as (rt(ed t1s =ud6e!t a!d (a--ed t

;!u-- a!d 'od< or !ot o--o:!6 t1e

a!dator2 pro'so!s o art(-e "+5*+ a!d *5

– *:1(1 s (-ear ro t1e dsse!t!6 =ud6e!t

o Just(e 7.7. Pu!(1, t1e re-e'a!t porto!

)1


17/60

o :1(1 s reprodu(ed ! t1e su((eed!6 para

– :1(1 are !ot a atter o or or

te(1!(a-t2 4ut a atter o su4sta!(e as

po!ted out ! 7o11aad A8-- 's Aad?u!?

!saa 4s (ase 42 Sr arr!es Pea(o(8 C.J.,

spea8!6 o! t1s po!t or a 4e!(1 o !!e

=ud6es. ;It s !ot a ere te(1!(a- o4=e(to!

4ut s upo! a u!dae!ta- pr!(p-e esse!ta-

to t1e due ad!strato! o =ust(e t1at

e'er2 =ud(a- a(t :1(1 s do!e 42 t1e

se'era- =ud6es ou61t to 4e (op-eted ! t1e

prese!(e o t1e :1o-e o t1e I ater

ds(usso!, a!d ater de-4erate-2 :e61!6

t1e ar6ue!ts o ea(1 ot1er, t1e =ud6es (a!!ot

a6ree, t1er se'era- =ud6e!ts ou61t to 4e

de-'ered ! ope! (ourt ! t1e prese!(e o t1e

ot1ers.< *02a!s Report Vo-.5, p.H# uoted !

Ro1-81a!d uao! a!8 Ltd. 's Ro: *"$$+ H

A--. +H$ at +/+. *ta8e! ro Seer'as

Co!sttuto!a- La: o I!da ourt1 edto!

)/


18/60

'o-.).

T1e !oted =urst (a--s t1e =ud6e!t ;!u-- a!d

'od< *p-ease see pa6e %#)H Co!sttuto!a- La:

o I!da 42 B 7 Seer'a 'o-ue ) ourt1

edto!

At t1s sta6e t s esse!ta- to !ote t1e

-ae!t (o!ta!ed ! t1e ope!!6 para6rap1 o

Just(e 7 7 Pu!(1s dsse!t!6 =ud6e!t at

para +$$ o "##) *+ SCC ++" reerred to !

t1e pre(ed!6 paras.

;Para +$$ – 7.7. Pu!(1 J. *dsse!t!6 – T1s

op!o! s ! t1e !ature o ep-o6ue, t1ou61

!ot ! str(to se!su. 7u(1 1as a-read2 4ee!

:rtte! o! t1e t:o top(s u!der reere!(e to

t1s e!(1, a!d o! ot1ers as :e-- :t1out

reere!(e. I o! 2 part :ou-d 1a'e -8ed to

a'od a8!6 a!2 addto! t1ereto 4ut t sees

t1e tur! o e'e!ts -ea'e e !o (1o(e. I ee-

t :ou-d 4e dere-(to! to :t11o-d

)


19/60

(o!tr4ut!6 a!d -ea'e u!sad :1at !eeds to 4e

sad *ep1ass supp-ed

Para +# – ;T1s !!e =ud6e 4e!(1 sat ro

Apr- /, "##), to 1ear t1s oe!tous atter

(o!(-ud!6 ts 1ear!6 o! 7a2 "", "##) (-ose

to t1e o!set o t1e suer 'a(ato!. I

e!terta!ed t1e 4e-e t1at :e a--, ater Ju-2

"%, "##), o! t1e reope!!6 o t1e Court,

!ot ear-er, :ou-d st to6et1er a!d 1o-d soe

ea!!6u- eet!6s, 1a'!6 a ree a!d ra!8

ds(usso! o! ea(1 a!d e'er2 top( :1(1 1ad

e!6a6ed our atte!to!, str'!6 or a

u!a!ous de(so! ! t1s 1stor( atter

(o!(er!!6 a!-2 t1e !sttuto! o t1e C1e

Just(e o I!da, re-ata4-e to t1s Court. I

:as !deed o'erta8e! :1e! I re(e'ed t1e drat

op!o! dated Ju!e "+, "##) aut1ored 42 2

-ear!ed 4rot1er J.S. Vera, J. or 1se- a!d

o! 4e1a- o 2 -ear!ed ret1re! Ko6es1:ar

Da2a-, G.N. Ra2, Dr. A.S. A!a!d a!d S.P.

)-


20/60

1aru(1a, JJ. T1e at a((op- appeared a

star8 rea-t2 t1e a=ort2 op!o! a!

a((op-s1e!t. T1e 1opes I e!terta!ed o a

ree a!d ra!8 ds(usso! 'a!s1ed. ut t1e!

(ae t1e op!o! dated Au6ust %+, "##) o 2

-ear!ed 4rot1er A1ad, J. -8e a pe44-e o

1ope 1e:! out o a ou!ta! o despar,

o--o:ed 42 t1e op!o!s o 2 -ear!ed

ret1er! u-dp S!61 a!d Pa!da!, JJ. dated

Septe4er /, "##) a!d Septe4er #, "##)

respe(t'e-2. No ea!!6u- eet!6 t1ereater

:as poss4-e as t1e 'e:s 42 t1at te seeed

to 1a'e 4ee! po-ared. So !o: t1e r

op!o!s o t1e e61t ret1re!, as

(ou!(ated, are 8!o:! to e. Loaded :t1

t1ese op!o!s, I set out to e9press 2 o:!,

ore as a dut2 to t1e 'e!ture e4ar8ed upo!,

or I o:e t easura4-2, or 4e!6 part2 to

t1e reerra-.<

2*


21/60

Para +#" – ;At t1e outset, I ust reo'e a

s6'!6 perta!!6 to t1e (o!te!ts a!d

t1rust o t1e order o reerra- re (orre(t!ess

o S.P. Gupta 's U!o! o I!da, t1e op!o!

o :1(1 :as aut1ored 42 t1e t1e! C1e

Just(e o I!da, S1r Ra!6a!at1 7sra, a!d

(o!(urred to 42 t1e prese!t C1e Just(e o

I!da S1r 7.N. Ve!8ata(1a-a1 *t1e! as a

pus!e =ud6e a!d 42 e. 0e 1ad reerred o!-2

t:o uesto!s to a e!(1 o !!e Jud6es,

!ae-2, to test t1e (orre(t!ess o t1e op!o!

o t1e a=ort2 ! S.P. Gupta (ase re-at!6 to

t1e status a!d porta!(e o (o!su-tato! a!d

t1e pra(2 o t1e posto! o t1e C1e

Just(e o I!da, a!d :1et1er 9ato! o

Jud6e stre!6t1 :as !ot =ust(a4-e, (-ar2!6

! t1e u-tate para6rap1 t1at apart ro t1e

t:o uesto!s aore!d(ated a-- ot1er aspe(ts

dea-t :t1 :ere !te!ded to 4e !a- 42 t1e

sad order. As I 'e: t, due to t1e r6dt2

2)


22/60

o ts ters, e9(ept or t1e t:o uesto!s

spe((a--2 reerred, !o ot1er atter :as

ope! to (a!'ass as 1as see!6-2 4ee! do!e.

*u-- te9t s !ot e9tra(ted or t1e sa8e o

4re't2. ;P-ease see pa6e /"% o t1e

=ud6e!t.

I! t1e pe!u-tate para o 1s (o!(urr!6

=ud6e!t u-dp S!61 J. :1ose =ud6e!t (ae

as -ate as Septe4er /, "##) *:1e! t1e

or6!a- a=ort2 =ud6e!t :as s6!ed o! "+t1

Ju!e, "##5 a8es t1e o--o:!6 o4ser'ato!s

;eore part!6 :t1 t1e =ud6e!t t :ou-d 4e

approprate to sa2 t1at t1e op!o! (r(u-ated

42 Vera J. :as 4ased o! e-a4orate ds(usso!

ao!6st t1e rot1er Jud6es :1o :ere a'a-a4-e

a!d part(pated ! t1e ds(usso!. A-t1ou61

Vera, J. !(orporated 'arous su66esto!s !

1s or6!a- drat 4ut a ee-!6 -et -ur8!6

! 2 !d t1at I 1a'e soet1!6 ore to sa2

22


23/60

! support o t1e (o!(-uso!s rea(1ed 42

Vera, J. a!d t1at s 1o: I 'e!tured to e4ar8

upo! :rt!6 a separate op!o!


24/60

".T1e pro(ess o appo!te!t o Jud6es to t1e

Supree Court a!d t1e B61 Courts s a!

!te6rated @part(pator2 (o!su-tat'e

pro(ess or se-e(t!6 t1e 4est a!d ost

suta4-e perso!s a'a-a4-e or appo!te!t

a!d a-- t1e (o!sttuto!a- u!(to!ares

ust peror t1s dut2 (o--e(t'e-2 :t1 a

'e: prar-2 to rea(1 a! a6reed de(so!,

su4 ser'!6 t1e (o!sttuto!a- purpose, so

t1at t1e o((aso! o pra(2 does !ot

arse.

%.I!tato! o t1e proposa- or appo!te!t

! t1e (ase o t1e Supree Court ust 4e 42

t1e C1e Just(e o I!da, a!d ! t1e (ase

o a B61 Court 42 t1e C1e Just(e o t1at

B61 Court a!d or tra!ser o a

Jud6eC1e Just(e o a B61 Court, t1e

proposa- 1as to 4e !tated 42 t1e C1e

Just(e o I!da. T1s s t1e a!!er !

:1(1 proposa-s or appo!te!ts to t1e

24


25/60

Supree Court a!d t1e B61 Courts as :e-- as

or t1e tra!sers o Jud6esC1e Just(es

o t1e B61 Courts ust !'ara4-2 4e ade.

).I! t1e e'e!t o (o!-(t!6 op!o!s 42 t1e

(o!sttuto!a- u!(to!ares, t1e op!o! o

t1e =ud(ar2 su4o-sed 42 t1e 'e: o t1e

C1e Just(e o I!da, a!d ored ! t1e

a!!er !d(ated, 1as pra(2.

+.No appo!te!t o a!2 Jud6e to t1e Supree

Court or a!2 B61 Court (a! 4e ade, u!-ess

t s ! (o!ort2 :t1 t1e op!o! o t1e

C1e Just(e o I!da.

5. I! e9(epto!a- (ases a-o!e or stated stro!6

(o6e!t reaso!s, ds(-osed to t1e C1e

Just(e o I!da, !d(at!6 t1at t1e

re(oe!dee s !ot suta4-e or appo!te!t,

t1e appo!te!t re(oe!ded 42 t1e C1e

Just(e o I!da a2 !ot 4e ade. Bo:e'er,

t1e stated reaso!s are !ot a((epted 42

t1e C1e Just(e o I!da a!d t1e ot1er

25


26/60

Jud6es o t1e Supree Court :1o 1a'e 4ee!

(o!su-ted ! t1e atter, o! reterato! o

t1e re(oe!dato! 42 t1e C1e Just(e o

I!da, t1e appo!te!t s1ou-d 4e ade as a

1ea-t12 (o!'e!to!. *Ep1ases Supp-ed.

H. Appo!te!t to t1e o(e o t1e C1e

Just(e o I!da s1ou-d 4e o t1e

se!orost Jud6e o t1e Supree Court

(o!sdered t to 1o-d t1e o(e.

/. T1e op!o! o t1e C1e Just(e o I!da

1as !ot ere pra(2, 4ut s

deter!at'e ! t1e atter o tra!sers

o B61 Court Jud6esC1e Just(es.

$. Co!se!t o t1e tra!serred Jud6eC1e

Just(e s !ot reured or et1er t1e

rst or a!2 su4seue!t tra!ser ro o!e

B61 Court to a!ot1er.

#. A!2 tra!ser ade o! t1e re(oe!dato!

o t1e C1e Just(e o I!da s !ot to

21


27/60

4e deeed to 4e pu!t'e, a!d su(1

tra!ser s !ot =ust(a4-e o! a!2

6rou!d.

".I! a8!6 a-- appo!te!ts a!d tra!sers,

t1e !ors !d(ated ust 4e o--o:ed.

Bo:e'er, t1e sae do !ot (o!er a!2

=ust(a4-e r61t ! a!2o!e.

"". O!-2 -ted =ud(a- re'e: o! t1e

6rou!ds spe(ed ear-er s a'a-a4-e !

atters o appo!te!ts a!d tra!sers.

"%.T1e !ta- appo!te!t o a Jud6e (a! 4e

ade to a B61 Court ot1er t1a! t1at or

:1(1 t1e proposa- :as !tated.

").F9ato! o Jud6e stre!6t1 ! t1e B61

Court s =ust(a4-e, 4ut o!-2 to t1e

e9te!t a!d ! t1e a!!er !d(ated.

"+.T1e a=ort2 op!o! ! S.P. Gupta Vs U!o!

o I!da ! so ar as t ta8es t1e (o!trar2

'e: re-at!6 to pra(2 o t1e ro-e o t1e

C1e Just(e o I!da ! atters o

2/


28/60

appo!te!ts a!d tra!sers, a!d t1e

=ust(a4-t2 o t1ese atters as :e-- as

! re-ato! o Jud6e stre!6t1, does !ot

(oe!d tse- to us as 4e!6 t1e (orre(t

'e:. T1e re-e'a!t pro'so!s o t1e

Co!sttuto!, !(-ud!6 t1e (o!sttuto!a-

s(1ee ust !o: 4e (o!strued, u!derstood a!d

p-ee!ted ! t1e a!!er !d(ated 1ere!

42 us. *para +$H.

Para +$/ states t1at t1s suar2 1as to 4e read

a-o!6:t1 t1e ear-er part, :1ere ! t1e

(o!(-uso!s are e-a4orate-2 stated :t1 t1e

reaso!s :1(1 ! ee(t ea!s t1at para +$/ 1as

to 4e read a!d !(orporated ! to t1e

(o!(-uso!s e!uerated a4o'e. T1e sad para

pro'des as o--o:s>?

“What is the meaning of the opinion of the

judiciary ‘symbolised by the view of the Chief

Justice of India?”

2


29/60

;T1s op!o! 1as to 4e ored ! a pra6at(

a!!er a!d past pra(t(e 4ased o! (o!'e!to! s

a sae 6ude. I! atters re-at!6 to

appo!te!ts ! t1e Supree Court, t1e op!o!

6'e! 42 t1e C1e Just(e o I!da ! t1e

(o!su-tat'e pro(ess 1as to 4e ored ta8!6

!to a((ou!t t1e 'e:s o t1e t:o se!orost

Jud6es o t1e Supree Court. T1e C1e Just(e

o I!da s a-so e9pe(ted to as(erta! t1e 'e:s

o t1e se!or?ost =ud6e o t1e Supree Court

:1ose op!o! t -8e-2 to 4e s6!(a!t !

ad=ud6!6 t1e suta4-t2 o t1e (a!ddate, 42

reaso! o t1e a(t t1at 1e 1as (oe ro t1e

sae B61 Court, or ot1er:se. Art(-e "%+ *%

s a! !d(ato! t1at as(erta!e!t o t1e 'e:s

o soe ot1er Jud6es o t1e Supree Court s

reuste. T1e o4=e(t u!der-2!6 Art(-e "%+*%

s a(1e'ed ! t1s a!!er as t1e C1e Just(e

o I!da (o!su-ts t1e or t1e orato! o 1s

op!o!. T1s pro'so! ! Art(-e "%+ *% s

2-


30/60

t1e 4ass or t1e e9st!6 (o!'e!to! :1(1

reured t1e C1e Just(e o I!da to (o!su-t

soe Jud6es o t1e Supree Court 4eore a8!6

1s re(oe!dato!. T1s e!sures t1at t1e

op!o! o t1e C1e Just(e o I!da s !ot

ere-2 1s !d'dua- op!o!, 4ut a! op!o!

ored (o--e(t'e-2 42 a 4od2 o e! at t1e ape9

-e'e- ! t1e =ud(ar2.

I! atters re-at!6 to appo!te!ts ! t1e B61

Courts, t1e C1e Just(e o I!da s e9pe(ted

to ta8e !to a((ou!t t1e 'e:s o 1s (o--ea6ues

! t1e Supree Court :1o are -8e-2 to 4e

(o!'ersa!t :t1 t1e aars o t1e (o!(er!ed

B61 Court. T1e C1e Just(e o I!da a2 a-so

as(erta! t1e 'e:s o o!e or ore se!or Jud6es

o t1at B61 Court :1ose op!o!, a((ord!6 to

t1e C1e Just(e o I!da, s -8e-2 to 4e

s6!(a!t ! t1e orato! o 1s op!o!.

T1e op!o! o t1e C1e Just(e o B61 Court

:ou-d 4e e!tt-ed to t1e 6reatest :e61t, a!d

3*


31/60

t1e op!o! o t1e ot1er u!(to!ares !'o-'ed

ust 4e 6'e! due :e61t, ! t1e orato! o

t1e op!o! o t1e C1e Just(e o I!da. T1e

op!o! o t1e C1e Just(e o B61 (ourt ust

4e ored ater as(erta!!6 t1e 'e:s o at

-east t1e t:o se!orost Jud6es o t1e B61

Court.

T1e C1e Just(e o I!da, or t1e orato! o

1s op!o!, 1as to adopt a (ourse :1(1 :ou-d

e!a4-e 1 to ds(1ar6e 1s dut2 o4=e(t'e-2 to

se-e(t t1e 4est a'a-a4-e perso!s as =ud6es o

t1e Supree Court a!d t1e B61 Courts. T1e

as(erta!e!t o t1e op!o! o t1e ot1er Jud6es

42 t1e C1e Just(es o I!da a!d t1e C1e

Just(e o B61 Court, a!d t1e e9presso! o

t1er op!o!, ust 4e ! :rt!6 to a'od a!2

a46ut2.

For a u-- (o'era6e o a-- deta-s a!d reaso!s

:1(1 are suared ! t1e (o!(-uso!s

aoree!to!ed :1(1 are !ot 4e!6 repeated or

3)


32/60

t1e sa8e o 4re't2, P-ease see pa6e /% to /H

o t1e =ud6e!t *Supree Court Ad'o(ates o!

Re(ord Ass!. Vs U!o! o I!da reported ! "##)

*+ SCC ++".

C-ear-2 t1e (ourt 1as tra!s6ressed ar 4e2o!d

t1e order o reere!(e a!d (o'ered a!2 aspe(ts

:1(1 :ere !ot ! t1e (o!tep-ato! o t1e

reerr!6 order. I!stead o (-ar2!6 atters

t1e =ud6e!t o !!e =ud6es 1as (reated ore

a46ut2 t1a! 4eore.

5. T1e t1rd =ud6es (ase > *spe(a- reere!(e No."

o "##$ reported ! *"##$ */ SCC /)#.

T1e Presde!t o I!da :1o reured

(-ar(ato! a!d -61t o! t1e se(o!d =ud6es

(ase ade a reere!(e to t1e Supree Court u!der

art(-e "+) o t1e Co!sttuto! :1(1 s as

o--o:s>?

;01ereas t1e Supree Court o I!da 1as -ad

do:! pr!(p-es a!d pres(r4ed pro(edura- !ors

! re6ard to t1e appo!te!t o Jud6es o t1e

32


33/60

Supree Court MArt(-e "%+ *% o t1e

Co!sttuto! o I!da, C1e Just(es a!d

Jud6es o t1e B61 Court MArt(-e %"/*", a!d

tra!ser o Jud6es ro o!e B61 Court to

a!ot1er Art(-e %%% *", ! t1e (ase o

Supree Court Ad'o(ates?o!?Re(ord Ass!. Vs.

U!o! o I!da

A!d :1ereas dou4ts 1a'e arse! a4out t1e

!terpretato! o t1e -a: -ad do:! 42 t1e

Supree Court a!d t s ! pu4-( !terest t1at

t1e sad dou4ts re-at!6 t1e appo!te!t a!d

tra!ser o Jud6es 4e reso-'ed.

A!d :1ereas, ! 'e: o :1at s 1ere!4eore

stated, t appears to e t1at t1e o--o:!6

uesto!s o -a: 1a'e arse! a!d are o su(1 a

!ature a!d o su(1 pu4-( porta!(e t1at t s

e9pede!t to o4ta! t1e op!o! o t1e Supree

Court o I!da t1ereo!

No:, t1ereore, ! e9er(se o t1e po:ers

(o!erred upo! e 42 (-ause *" o Art(-e "+)

33


34/60

o t1e Co!sttuto! o I!da, I, .R. Nara2a!a!,

Presde!t o I!da, 1ere42 reer t1e o--o:!6

uesto!s to t1e Supree Court o I!da or

(o!sderato! a!d to report ts op!o! t1ereo!,

!ae-2>?

".01et1er t1e e9presso! @(o!su-tato! :t1 t1e

C1e Just(e o I!da ! Art(-es %"/ *" a!d

%%%*" reures (o!su-tato! :t1 a p-ura-t2

o Jud6es ! t1e orato! o t1e op!o! o

t1e C1e Just(e o I!da (o!sttute

(o!su-tato! :t1! t1e ea!!6 o t1e sad

art(-es

%.01et1er t1e tra!ser o Jud6es ! =ud(a--2

re'e:a4-e ! t1e -61t o t1e o4ser'ato! o

t1e Supree Court ! t1e aoresad =ud6e!t

t1at @su(1 tra!ser s !ot =ust(a4-e o! a!2

6rou!d a!d ts urt1er o4ser'ato! t1at

-ted =ud(a- re'e: s a'a-a4-e !

atters o tra!ser, a!d t1e e9te!t a!d s(ope

o =ud(a- re'e:

34


35/60

).01et1er Art(-e "%+*% as !terpreted ! t1e

sad =ud6e!t reured t1e C1e Just(e o

I!da to (o!su-t o!-2 t1e t:o se!orost

Jud6es or :1et1er t1ere s1ou-d 4e :der

(o!su-tato! a((ord!6 to past pra(t(e

+.01et1er t1e C1e Just(e o I!da s e!tt-ed

to a(t so-e-2 ! 1s !d'dua- (apa(t2,

:t1out (o!su-tato! :t1 ot1er Jud6es o t1e

Supree Court ! respe(t o a-- atera-s a!d

!orato! (o!'e2ed 42 t1e Go'er!e!t o

I!da or !o!?appo!te!t o a Jud6e

re(oe!ded or appo!te!t

5.01et1er t1e reuree!t o (o!su-tato! 42 t1e

C1e Just(e o I!da :t1 1s (o--ea6ues,

:1o are -8e-2 to 4e (o!'ersa!t :t1 t1e

aars o t1e B61 Court (o!(er!ed reers to

o!-2 t1ose Jud6es :1o 1a'e t1at B61 Court as

a pare!t B61 Court a!d e9(-udes Jud6es :1o

1ad o((uped t1e o(e o a Jud6e or C1e

35


36/60

Just(e o t1at Court o! tra!ser ro t1er

pare!t or a!2 ot1er (ourt

H.01et1er ! t1e -61t o t1e -e6tate

e9pe(tato!s o se!or Jud6es o t1e B61

Court ! re6ard to t1er appo!te!t to t1e

Supree Curt reerred to ! t1e sad =ud6e!t,

t1e @stro!6 (o6e!t reaso! reured to =ust2

t1e departure ro t1e order o t1e se!ort2

1as to 4e re(orded ! respe(t o ea(1 su(1

se!or Jud6e, :1o s o'er-oo8ed, :1-e a8!6

re(oe!dato! o a Jud6e =u!or to 1 or

1er

/.01et1er t1e Go'er!e!t s !ot e!tt-ed to

reure t1at t1e op!o!s o t1e ot1er

(o!su-ted Jud6es 4e ! :rt!6 ! a((orda!(e

:t1 t1e aoresad Supree Court =ud6e!t a!d

t1at t1e sae 4e tra!stted to t1e Go'er!e!t

o I!da 42 t1e C1e Just(e o I!da a-o!6

:t1 1s 'e:s

31


37/60

$.01et1er t1e C1e Just(e o I!da s !ot

o4-6ed to (op-2 :t1 t1e !ors a!d t1e

reuree!t o t1e (o!su-tato! pro(ess !

a8!6 1s re(oe!dato! to t1e Go'er!e!t o

I!da

#.01et1er a!2 re(oe!dato!s ade 42 t1e C1e

Just(e o I!da :t1out (op-2!6 :t1 t1e

!ors a!d (o!su-tato! pro(ess are 4!d!6

upo! t1e Go'er!e!t o I!da3

Ne: De-1 Nara2a!a!, .R.

Dated> %)?/?"##$ Presde!t o I!da

A 4e!(1 o !!e Jud6es :as (o!sttuted

(oprs!6 o S.P. aru(1a, 7.. 7u81er=ee, S..

7a=udar, Su=ata V. 7a!o1ar, G.T. Na!a'at, S.

Sa61r A1ad, . Ve!8atas:a, .N. rpa- a!d G..

Patta!a8, JJ a!d t1e (ourt a!s:ered t1e sad

reere!(e u!a!ous-2 ! t1e o--o:!6 a!!er !

para ++ o t1e reere!(e>

;T1e uesto!s posed 42 t1e reere!(e are !o:

a!s:ered 4ut :e s1ou-d ep1ase t1at t1e

3/


38/60

a!s:ers s1ou-d 4e read ! (o!=u!(to! :t1 t1e

4od2 o t1s reere!(es

". T1e e9presso! ;(o!su-tato! :t1 t1e C1e

Just(e o I!da< ! Art(-es %"/*" a!d

%%%*" o t1e Co!sttuto! o I!da

reured (o!su-tato! :t1 a p-ura-t2 o

=ud6es ! t1e orato! o t1e op!o! o

t1e C1e Just(e o I!da. T1e so-e

!d'dua- op!o! o t1e C1e Just(e o

I!da does !ot (o!sttute ;(o!su-tato!<

:t1! t1e ea!!6 o t1e sad art(-es.

%. T1e tra!ser o pus!e Jud6es s =ud(a--2

re'e:a4-e o!-2 to t1s e9te!t t1at t1e

re(oe!dato! t1at 1as 4ee! ade 42 t1e

C1e Just(e o I!da ! t1s 4e1a- 1as

!ot 4ee! ade ! (o!su-tato! :t1 t1e our

se!orost Jud6es o t1e Supree Court a!d

or t1at t1e 'e:s o t1e C1e Just(e o

B61 Court ro :1(1 t1e tra!ser s to 4e

ee(ted a!d o t1e C1e Just(e o B61

3


39/60

Court to :1(1 t1e tra!ser s to 4e

ee(ted 1a'e !ot 4ee! o4ta!ed.

). T1e C1e Just(e o I!da ust a8e a

re(oe!dato! to appo!t a Jud6e o t1e

Supree Court a!d to tra!ser a C1e

Just(e or pus!e Jud6e o a B61 Court !

(o!su-tato! :t1 t1e our se!orost

pus!e Jud6es o t1e Supree Court.

I!soar as a! appo!te!t to t1e B61 Court

s (o!(er!ed, t1e re(oe!dato! ust 4e

ade ! (o!su-tato! :t1 t1e t:o

se!orost pus!e Jud6es o t1e Supree

Court.

+. T1e C1e Just(e o I!da s !ot e!tt-ed

to a(t so-e-2 ! 1s !d'dua- (apa(t2,

:t1out (o!su-tato! :t1 ot1er Jud6es o

t1e Supree Court, ! respe(t o atera-s

a!d !orato! (o!'e2ed 42 t1e Go'er!e!t

o I!da or !o!?appo!te!t o a Jud6e

re(oe!ded or appo!te!t.

3-


40/60

5. T1e reuree!t o (o!su-tato! 42 t1e

C1e Just(e o I!da :t1 1s (o--ea6ues

:1o are -8e-2 to 4e (o!'ersa!t :t1 t1e

aars o t1e B61 Court (o!(er!ed does

!ot reer o!-2 to t1ose Jud6es :1o 1a'e

t1at B61 Court as a pare!t B61 Court. It

does !ot e9(-ude Jud6es :1o 1a'e o((uped

t1e o(e o a Jud6e or C1e Just(e o

t1at B61 Court o! tra!ser.

H. ;Stro!6 (o6e!t reaso!s< do !ot 1a'e to 4e

re(orded as =ust(ato! or a departure

ro t1e order o se!ort2 ! respe(t o

ea(1 se!or Jud6e :1o 1as 4ee! passed o'er.

01at 1as to 4e re(orded s t1e post'e

reaso! or t1e re(oe!dato!.

/. T1e 'e:s o t1e ot1er Jud6es (o!su-ted

s1ou-d 4e ! :rt!6 a!d s1ou-d 4e (o!'e2ed

to t1e Go'er!e!t o I!da 42 t1e C1e

Just(e o I!da a-o!6 :t1 1s 'e:s to

4*


41/60

t1e e9te!t set out ! t1e 4od2 o 1s

op!o!.

$. T1e C1e Just(e o I!da s o4-6ed to

(op-2 :t1 t1e !ors a!d t1e reuree!t

o t1e (o!su-tato! pro(ess, as

aorestated, ! a8!6 1s re(oe!dato!s

to t1e Go'er!e!t o I!da.

#. Re(oe!dato!s ade 42 t1e C1e Just(e

o I!da :t1out (op-2!6 :t1 t1e !ors

a!d reuree!ts o t1e (o!su-tato!

pro(ess, as aorestated, are !ot 4!d!6

upo! t1e Go'er!e!t o I!da *ep1ass

supp-ed

Part?II

A!a-2ss o t1e =ud6es (ases I, II & III – I, II &

III – S.P. Gupta Vs. UOI reported ! AIR "#$%

Supree Court "+#, Supree Court Ad'o(ates o! Re(ord

Asso(ato! Vs. UOI reported ! "##)*+ SCC ++" a!d

4)


42/60

Spe(a- Reere!(e " o "##$ reported ! "##$ */ SCC

/)#

". I! t1e t1ree =ud6es (ases, I, II & III – S.P.

Gupta Vs UOI reported ! AIR "#$% Supree Court

"+#, Supree Court Ad'o(ates o! Re(ord

Asso(ato! Vs UOI reported ! "##)*+ SCC ++"

a!d Spe(a- Reere!(e " o "##$ reported !

"##$*/ SCC /)#, t1e Supree Court 1as 'rtua--2

re?:rtte! Art(-es "%+*% a!d Art(-es %"/

:1(1 perta! to appo!te!t o Supree Court

Jud6es respe(t'e-2. T1e te9t o Art(-e "%+*%

s as o--o:s>?

"%+*% E'er2 =ud6e o t1e Supree Court s1a-- 4e

appo!ted 42 t1e Presde!t 42 :arra!t u!der 1s

1a!d a!d sea- ater (o!su-tato! :t1 su(1 o

t1e Jud6es o t1e Supree Court a!d o t1e B61

Courts ! t1e States as t1e Presde!t a2 dee

!e(essar2 or t1e purpose a!d s1a-- 1o-d o(e

u!t- 1e atta!s t1e a6e o s9t2?'e 2ears>

42


43/60

Pro'ded t1at ! t1e (ase o appo!te!t o a

Jud6e ot1er t1a! t1e C1e Just(e, t1e C1e

Just(e o I!da s1a-- a-:a2s 4e (o!su-ted>

%"/*" E'er2 Jud6e o a B61 Court s1a-- 4e

appo!ted 42 t1e Presde!t 42 :arra!t u!der 1s

1a!d a!d sea- ater (o!su-tato! :t1 t1e C1e

Just(e o I!da, t1e Go'er!or o t1e State,

a!d, ! t1e (ase o appo!te!t o a Jud6e ot1er

t1a! t1e C1e Just(e, t1e C1e Just(e o t1e

B61 Court, a!d s1a-- 1o-d o(e, ! t1e (ase

o a! addto!a- or a(t!6 =ud6e, as pro'ded !

Art(-e %%+, a!d ! a!2 ot1er (ase, u!t- 1e

atta!s t1e a6e o s9t2?t:o 2ears.

T1e :ord ;(o--e6u< s !o :1ere prese!t ! t1e

(o!sttuto!. It :as rst used 42 1a6:at J

! t1e a=ort2 =ud6ee!t o S.P. Gutpa 's. UOI

*+>) I! Para %# ;T1ere ust 4e a (o--e6u to

a8e re(oe!dato!s et(.< *a-read2 e9tra(ted

! Para % o Part?" A6a! ! t1e Presde!ta-

reere!(e t1e e9presso! ;(o--e6u< a!d

43


44/60

;(o--e6u o =ud6es< 1as 4ee! ree-2 used

*Paras "5 a!d %% to (te a e: !sta!(es

It s su4tted t1at a!2 addto! o :ords !

t1e (o!sttuto! :ou-d !ot 4e perss4-e u!der

t1e !terpret'e =ursd(to! o t1e Supree

Court. T1e Supree Court 1as to !terpret t1e

(o!sttuto! as t s.

%. T1e ad'sor2 op!o! ! t1e 6use o (-ar2!6

dou4ts rased re6ard!6 t1e !ors -ad do:! !

t1e Jud6es II (ase 1as 'rtua--2 re'e:ed ts

ear-er de(so!.

It s respe(tu--2 su4tted t1at t1e op!o!

e9pressed ! a! ad'sor2 op!o! s (o!trar2 to

t1e p-a! -a!6ua6e o art(-e "%+*%. 01at t1e

art(-e sa2s s t1at t1e Presde!t s1a-- (o!su-t

t1e C1e Just(e o I!da a!d su(1 o t1e

=ud6es o t1e Supree Court or t1e 161 (ourt as

1e dees !e(essar2. T1e art(-e does !ot p-a(e

a!2 (e-!6 or -tato! o! t1e !u4er o

=ud6es ot1er t1a! t1e C1e Just(e o I!da to

44


45/60

4e (o!su-ted. T1e Presde!t s1ou-d a-:a2s a(t

o! t1e ad a!d ad'(e o t1e Cou!(- o

7!sters *art(-e /+. Bo:e'er, (o!trar2 to

:1at :as sad ! t1e Co!sttuto!, 4ot1 t1e

Jud6es II a!d Jud6es III (ases 1a'e -ad do:!

t1at (o!su-tato! :t1 t1e C1e Just(e o

I!da ea!s a (o--e6u (o!sst!6 o t1e C1e

Just(e o I!da a!d t:o or our =ud6es as t1e

(ase a2 4e. Furt1er, ! 4ot1 t1e (ases t :as

stated t1at t s t1e C1e Just(e o I!da :1o

s1ou-d (o!su-t :t1 (o--e6u o =ud6es, :1ereas

Co!sttuto! sa2s t1at t1e Presde!t s1ou-d

(o!su-t t1e C1e Just(e o I!da a!d su(1

=ud6es as 1e dees !e(essar2.

). T1e t1ree =ud6es (ases, .e. t1e t:o =ud6ee!ts

o t1e Supree Court a!d o!e op!o! o! a

Spe(a- Reere!(e 1a'e a-- dea-t :t1 t1e s(ope

o ;(o!su-tato!< a!d t :as ! t1e Se(o!d

Jud6es Case t1at t1e Supree Court e'o-'ed t1e

(o!(ept o @pra(2 or t1e op!o! o t1e

45


46/60

C1e Just(e o I!da, :1(1 tse- :as to 4e

4ased o! a (o!su-tat'e pro(ess ao!6st t1e

se!or (o--ea6ues o t1e C1e Just(e o I!da.

At t1e 1ear!6 o t1e Spe(a- Reere!(e or t1e

op!o! o t1e Court a4out t1e e9te!t o t1e

@(o!su-tat'e pro(ess, t :as (o!(eded o!

4e1a- o t1e E9e(ut'e *a!d re(orded ! t1e

Courts op!o! t1at t1e Go'er!e!t :as !ot

see8!6 a re'e: or re(o!sderato! o t1e

=ud6ee!t ! t1e Se(o!d Jud6es (ase a!d t1at t

:ou-d a((ept as 4!d!6 *a-t1ou61 a! op!o! a!d

!ot a de(so! t1e a!s:ers o t1e Court to t1e

uesto!s !(orporated ! t1e Spe(a- Reere!(e.

+. T1e Supree Courts op!o! ! t1e Spe(a-

Reere!(e !ot o!-2 stro!6-2 re!or(ed t1e

(o!(ept o ;pra(2< o t1e C1e Just(e o

I!das op!o! 4ut a-so !(reased t1e !u4er o

=ud6es t1e C1e Just(e o I!da ust (o!su-t

4eore pro'd!6 1s op!o! a!d -ad do:! a

deta-ed set o 6ude-!es o! t1e pro(edure to

41


47/60

4e o--o:ed ! arr'!6 at t1e C1e Just(e o

I!das op!o! to :1(1 ;pra(2< :as atta(1ed.

T1e pro(edure ! ee(t tra!serred t1e

;pra(2< ro t1e C1e Just(e o I!da to t1e

6roup o Jud6es to 4e (o!su-ted.

5. T1e (o--e6u s !o: to (o!sst o t1e C1e

Just(e o I!da a!d our *!stead o t:o

se!or?ost =ud6es o t1e (ourt ! t1e

appo!te!t o a 161 (ourt =ud6e, t1e Supree

Court =ud6e a(ua!ted :t1 t1at part(u-ar 161

(ourt s1ou-d a-so 4e (o!su-ted ras!6 t1e

!u4er to s9. T1e !(reased se o t1e 6roup

t1at 1as to 4e a part o t1e (o!su-tato!

pro(ess :t1 se'era- !terests 4e!6 !'o-'ed

1as ade t1e (o!su-tato! pro(ess (u4ersoe a!d

de-a2s ! --!6 up o 'a(a!(es s 4ou!d to

arse. T1e Presde!ta- Reere!(e a-so pro'des

t1at e'er2 (ou!(ato! :t1 t1e (o!su-tee 1as

to 4e ! :rt!6 a!d t1e 'e:s s1ou-d 4e

(ou!(ated to t1e Go'er!e!t. T1ere s !o

4/


48/60

!d(ato! as to :1at 1appe!s t1ere s !o

(o!se!sus ao!6 t1e (o!su-tees or t1e

a=ort2 ds?a6rees :t1 t1e C1e Just(e o

I!da. S.P. Gupta 1as -ad do:! t1at t1e e!tre

(orrespo!de!(e a!d (ou!(ato! 4et:ee! 'arous

aut1ortes are ope! to pu4-( s(rut!2 *s!(e

t1e e!tre re(ord :as suo!ed, perused a!d ade

pu4-( ! t1at (ase.

Part?III

Re(oe!dato!s

". Fro :1at 1as 4ee! stated a4o'e t s (-ear

t1at a! e!tre re(o!sderato! I, II & III

=ud6es (ases – S.P. Gupta Vs UOI reported !

AIR "#$% Supree Court "+#, Supree Court

Ad'o(ates o! Re(ord Asso(ato! Vs UOI

reported ! "##)*+ SCC ++" a!d Spe(a-

Reere!(e " o "##$ reported ! "##$*/ SCC

4


49/60

/)#, s ur6e!t-2 a!d edate-2 (a--ed or !

order to 4r!6 a4out (-art2 a!d (o!sste!(2

! t1e pro(ess o Appo!te!t o Supree Court

a!d B61 Court Jud6es.

%. T1e E61t2 Ft1 Report o! La:s De-a2s>

Arrears ! Courts 1as e9pressed t1e sae 'e:.

T1e sae s e9tra(ted 1ere 4e-o:>

;T1e Cottee s a:are t1at or t1s state o

aars t1e U!o! La: 7!str2 s !ot

4-ae:ort12, as t1e e!tre pro(ess o

!tato! o proposa- or appo!te!t o !e:

=ud6es s !o -o!6er t1e respo!s4-t2 o t1e

E9e(ut'e as a resu-t o a de(so! o t1e

Supree Court. T1ou61 t :as !ot (o!tep-ated

! t1e Co!sttuto!, respo!s4-t2 or

=ud(a- appo!te!ts !o: rests ! t1e doa!

o t1e =ud(ar2. T1e U!o! La: 7!ster s

a((ou!ta4-e to Par-ae!t or t1e de-a2 !

--!6 up o t1e 'a(a!(es o =ud6es 4ut 1e

1as u!(to!a--2 !o (o!tr4uto! to a8e. T1e

4-


50/60

Supree Court read !to t1e Co!sttuto! a

po:er to appo!t =ud6es t1at :as !ot (o!erred

upo! t 42 t1e te9t or t1e (o!te9t. T1e

u!der-2!6 purpose o se(ur!6 =ud(a-

!depe!de!(e :as sa-utar2 4ut t1e et1od o

a(ur!6 or t1e Court t1e e9(-us'e po:er to

appo!t =ud6es 42 t1e pro(ess o =ud(a-

!terpretato! s ope! to uesto!. A6a!st

t1s 4a(8drop t1e Cottee re(a--s a re(e!t

ds(usso! ! t1e Ra=2a Sa41a ! :1(1 t1e

Go'er!e!t :as as8ed re6ard!6 a-ter!ate

arra!6ee!ts to -- up t1e 'a(a!(es a!d

:1et1er t1ere :as a!2 s(ope or 1a'!6 a res1

re'e: o t1e Supree Courts =ud6e!t.

T1e posto! as t e9sts ! dere!t (ou!tres

a2 4e !ot(ed at t1s sta6e. O! a s(rut!2 o

se'era- (o!sttuto!s o ot1er (ou!tres t a2 4e

see! t1at ! a-- ot1er Co!sttuto!s et1er t1e

e9e(ut'e s t1e so-e aut1ort2 to appo!t =ud6es or

t1e e9e(ut'e appo!ts ! (o!su-tato! :t1 t1e

5*


51/60

C1e Just(e o t1e (ou!tr2. T1e I!da!

Co!sttuto! 1as o--o:ed t1e -atter et1od.

Bo:e'er, t1e %!d =ud6es (ase Ad'o(ates o! Re(ord

Asso(ato! 's. U.O.I. *"##)*+ SCC ++", as :e 1a'e

see! ! t1e ds(usso! a4o'e, 1as (op-ete-2

e-!ated a!d e9(-uded t1e e9e(ut'e a!d t1e

op!o! o t1e Bo!4-e Supree Court ! t1e

Presde!ta- reere!(e *Spe(a- Reere!(e " o "##$

1as reared t1s 'e: :t1 s-61t od(ato!s.

I! Aer(a t1e State =ud6es are e-e(ted. 01e!

t1e2 are !ot e-e(ted t1er appo!te!t s su4=e(t to

-e6s-at'e (o!(urre!(e. I! t1e Supree Court t s

t1e Presde!t :1o !o!ates t1e Jud6es 4ut t1e

!o!ato! 1as to 4e (o!red 42 t1e Se!ate. I!

Austra-a t s t1e e9e(ut'e t1at appo!ts =ud6es.

I! Ca!ada t1e Go'er!or Ge!era- a8es t1e appo!te!t

o =ud6es.

I! Ne: Qea-a!d t1e C1e Just(e s appo!ted o!

t1e re(oe!dato!s o t1e Pre 7!ster 42 t1e

Presde!t. T1e Pre 7!ster ! tur! (o!su-ts t1e

5)


52/60

Attor!e2 Ge!era- t1e A.G. !ora--2 (o!su-ts t1e

Presde!t o Court o Appea- a!d ot1er =ud6es.

As or B61 Court Jud6es, C1e Just(e

re(oe!ds ater (o!su-t!6 ot1er Jud6es a!d 6'es

t1e -st to t1e AG or s(rut!2. AG s(rut!es t1e

-st, (o!su-ts Ne: Qea-a!d La: So(et2 a!d t1e!

(a!ddates (o!se!t s sou61t. T1ereater t1e

Ca4!et !a--2 re(oe!ds t1e !aes to t1e Go'er!or

Ge!era- :1o ssues t1e appo!te!t -etter.

Re(e!t-2, t1e =ud6es ro t1e Ape9 Court a!d t1e

B61 Court o e!2a (ae to t1e Supree Court a!d

t1e2 addressed t1e Supree Court ar. T1e2 (o!red

t1at t1e2 1a'e a Nato!a- Jud(a- Cosso! :1(1

u!derta8es t1e se-e(to! pro(ess. I! t1s Nato!a-

Jud(a- Cosso! t1ere s t1e Attor!e2 Ge!era-

a!d t1e C1e Just(e, t:o se!or ost =ud6es o t1e

Ape9 Court a!d a! e9pert.

T1us t a2 4e see! t1at ! a-- t1e

Co!sttuto!s, t1e e9e(ut'e 1as a ro-e to p-a2 a!d

! soe (ou!tres a a=or a!d e9(-us'e ro-e. T1e

52


53/60

I!da! Co!sttuto! pro'des a 4eautu- s2ste o

(1e(8s a!d 4a-a!(es u!der Art(-es "%+*% a!d %"/*"

or t1e appo!te!t o Jud6es o t1e Supree Court

a!d B61 Courts :1ere 4ot1 t1e e9e(ut'e a!d

=ud(ar2 1a'e 4ee! 6'e! a 4a-a!(ed ro-e. As

a-read2 stated t1s de-(ate 4a-a!(e 1as 4ee! upset

42 t1e %!d Jud6es (ase *Ad'o(ate o! Re(ord

Asso(ato! Vs U!o! o I!da "##)*+ SCC ++"% a!d

t1e op!o! o t1e Supree Court ! t1e Presde!ta-

Reere!(e *Spe(a- Reere!(e No." o "##$. It s

te t1e or6!a- 4a-a!(e o po:er s restored.

T1e a4o'e re(oe!dato! or t1e !eed or a!

ur6e!t a!d edate re'e: o t1e prese!t pro(edure

or appo!te!t o =ud6es s urt1er orted 42

t1e 'e:s e9pressed 42 Just(e J.S. Vera, :1o :rote

t1e -ead =ud6e!t ! Ad'o(ates o! Re(ord 's. U!o!

o I!da "##)*+ SCC ++", 42 1s ortr61t 'e:s

e9pressed ! a! !ter'e: ! t1e Fro!t L!e 7a6a!e

dated "."."##$. T1e re-e'a!t porto! s

reprodu(ed 4e-o:>

53


54/60

01e! as8ed ;2ou sad ! o!e o 2our spee(1es

t1at =ud(a- appo!te!ts 1a'e 4e(oe =ud(a-

dsappo!te!ts. Do 2ou !o: re6ret 2our "##)

=ud6ee!t3 Just(e Vera stated ;72 "##) =ud6ee!t,

:1(1 1o-ds t1e e-d, :as 'er2 u(1 su!derstood

a!d sused. It :as ! t1at (o!te9t I sad t1e

:or8!6 o t1e =ud6e!t !o: or soe te s ras!6

serous uesto!s, :1(1 (a!!ot 4e (a--ed

u!reaso!a4-e. T1ereore, soe 8!d o ret1!8 s

reured. 72 =ud6ee!t sa2s t1e appo!te!t pro(ess

o B61 Court a!d Supree Court Jud6es s 4as(a--2

a =o!t or part(pator2 e9er(se 4et:ee! t1e

e9e(ut'e a!d t1e =ud(ar2, 4ot1 ta8!6 part ! t.

road-2, t1ere are t:o dst!(t areas. O!e s

t1e area o -e6a- a(ue! o t1e (a!ddates to

ad=ud6e t1er suta4-t2 a!d t1e ot1er s t1er

a!te(ede!ts. It s t1e =ud(ar2, t1at s, t1e C1e

Just(e o I!da a!d 1s (o--ea6ues or, ! t1e (ase

o t1e B61 Courts, t1e C1e Just(e o t1e B61

Court a!d 1s (o--ea6ues *:1o are t1e 4est perso!s

54


55/60

to ad=ud6e t1e -e6a- a(ue!. T1er 'o(e s1ou-d 4e

predo!a!t. So ar as t1e a!te(ede!ts are

(o!(er!ed, t1e e9e(ut'e s 4etter p-a(ed t1a! t1e

=ud(ar2 to 8!o: t1e a!te(ede!ts o (a!ddates.

T1ereore, 2 =ud6ee!t sad t1at ! t1e area o

-e6a- a(ue! t1e =ud(ar2s op!o! s1ou-d 4e

do!a!t a!d ! t1e area o a!te(ede!ts t1e

e9e(ut'es op!o! s1ou-d 4e do!a!t. To6et1er,

t1e t:o s1ou-d u!(to! to !d out t1e ost

suta4-e *(a!ddates a'a-a4-e or appo!te!t.<

T1e 'e:s o t1e Par-ae!tar2 Sta!d!6

Cottee o! La: & Just(e re(oe!ded t1e s(rapp!6

o t1e prese!t pro(edure or appo!te!ts a!d

tra!sers 42 Supree Court a!d B61 Court Jud6es are

o 6reat re-e'a!(e ! t1s (o!te9t. As reported !

t1e B!dusta! Tes o %.".%$ ;t1e La: 7!str2

1as a6reed to re'e: t1e "5?2ear?o-d s2ste ater

t1e Par-ae!tar2 Sta!d!6 Cottee o! La: &

Just(e re(oe!ded do!6 a:a2 :t1 t1e (ottee o

55


56/60

=ud6es *(o--e6u. Prese!t-2, t1e (o--e6u de(des

t1e appo!te!ts a!d tra!ser o =ud6es.

I!terest!6-2, t1e re(oe!dato!s (oe (-ose o! t1e

1ee-s o re(e!t (ases o (orrupto! a6a!st =ud6es

o t1e top (ourts ! t1e (ou!tr2. La: 7!ster B.R.

1ard:a= to-d B!dusta! Tes t1at t1e Bouse

Cottees re(oe!dato! 1ad 4ee! a((epted, a!d a!

a(to!?ta8e! report prepared 42 t1e 7!str2 :ou-d

!o: 4e p-a(ed 4eore Par-ae!t. ;Co--e6u s2ste

1as a-ed. Its de(so!s o! appo!te!ts a!d

tra!sers -a(8 tra!spare!(2 a!d :e ee- (ourts are

!ot 6ett!6 =ud6es o! ert.* T1e 6o'er!e!t

(a!!ot 4e a s-e!t spe(tator o! su(1 a serous

ssue

;T1rou61 a Supree Court =ud6ee!t ! "##), t1e

=ud(ar2 :rested t1e (o!tro- o =ud6es appo!te!ts

a!d tra!sers. T1e (o--e6u s2ste 1as 4ee! a

dsaster a!d !eeds to 4e do!e a:a2 :t1


57/60

;T1ere :as !o pro4-e t-- "##) :1e! t1e =ud(ar2

tred to re?:rte t1e Art(-e o t1e Co!sttuto!

dea-!6 :t1 appo!te!ts. T1e2 (reated a !e: -a: o

(o--e6u :1(1 :as :ro!6. I! a deo(ra(2, t1e

pra(2 o Par-ae!t (a!!ot 4e (1a--e!6ed


58/60

sad t1at ro t1e 'er2 4e6!!!6 o de!t2!6 t1e

e-64-e perso!s, t1e 'arous p-a(es o

re(oe!dato!s, 4e t at t1e -e'e- o t1e B61

Courts, or, at t1e Go'er!ors -e'e- or at t1e -e'e-

o t1e Departe!ts, a!d !a--2 4e t1e Supree

Court, s1ou-d 4e tra!spare!t, a!d t1s s1ou-d 4e put

up ! t1e :e4 ste t1e! a!d t1ere so t1at t1e

perso!, :1o s 6o!6 to o((up2 t1e Co!sttuto!a-

p-a(e, s 8!o:! to t1e pu4-(, a!d t1er 4a(86rou!d

s1ou-d 4e a--o:ed to 4e ds(ussed 42 t1e pu4-( a!d,

!a--2, t 1as to 6o t1rou61 t1e pro(ess o ssu!6

:arra!t 42 t1e Presde!t o I!da. ut, :1at s

1appe!!6 prese!t-2 s t1at ro t1e da2 o!e o

de!t2!6 t1e perso! t-- t1e ssua!(e o t1e

:arra!t, !ot1!6 s 8!o:! to a!24od2 e9(ept to t1e

perso!s :1o are !'o-'ed ! t. E'e! t1e perso!s,

:1o are de!ted a!d :1o are 6o!6 to 4e ade as

=ud6es o t1e B61 Court or o t1e Supree Court,

a2 !ot 8!o: a4out t. T1s t2pe o se(re(2 s !ot

6ood or deo(ra(2


59/60

It a2 4e !oted ! t1s (o!te9t t1at ! e'er2

B61 Court t1e C1e Just(e s ro outsde t1e

State as per t1e po-(2 o t1e Go'er!e!t. T1e

se!or ost Jud6es :1o or t1e (o--e6u are a-so

ro outsde t1e State. T1e resu-ta!t posto! s

t1at t1e =ud6es (o!sttut!6 t1e (o--e6u are !ot

(o!'ersa!t :t1 t1e !aes a!d a!te(ede!ts o t1e

(a!ddates a!d ore ote! t1a! !ot, appo!te!ts

suer ro -a(8 o adeuate !orato!.

5-


60/60

T:o a-ter!at'es are a'a-a4-e to t1e Go'er!e!t

o t1e da2. O!e s to see8 a re(o!sderato! o t1e

t1ree =ud6e!ts aoresad 4eore t1e Bo!4-e Supree

Court. Ot1er:se a -a: a2 4e passed restor!6 t1e

pra(2 o t1e C1e Just(e o I!da a!d t1e po:er

o t1e e9e(ut'e to a8e t1e appo!te!ts.

*Dr. Just(e AR. La8s1a!a!

C1ara!

*Pro. Dr. Ta1r 7a1ood *Dr.ra1 A.A6ra:a-

7e4er 7e4er?Se(retar2

D t d %" "" %$

1*

law commission report no. 214- proposal for reconsideration of judges cases i, ii and iii - sp gupta...

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