Latitude & Longitude

Not a lie, just s t r e t c h i n g the truth.

All maps are really projections, showing a round Earth as flat.

In space, there is no such thing

as “up” or “down”!

Where do

latitudes

originate?

• Angles NORTH or SOUTH of Equator.

• Create parallel lines.

Where do

longitudes

originate?

• Angles EAST or WEST of Prime Meridian.

• Meet at Poles, widest at Equator.

77) A Fossil called Asfaltomylos patagonicus was discovered near point F on the map. State the latitude and longitude to the nearest degree. Include the correct units and compass directions in your answer. [1]

44oS & 67oW

40oN, 50oE

All Longitudes in NY are West All Latitudes in NY are N

orthPrime Meridian

Equator

Which New York State location has a latitude of approximately 42°North?

(1) Jamestown (3) Oswego

(2) Plattsburgh (4) New York City

Near which city in New York State may this road sign be found?

(HINT: pg 3 of the Earth Science Reference Tables)

Massena, NY

What is the approximate location of the Canary Islands hot spot?

(1) 32° S 18° W (3) 32° N 18° W

(2) 32° S 18° E (4) 32° N 18° E

Mr. Pearl is vacationing on Slide Mountain. What is his latitude and longitude?

(2) 41° 55’ N, 74º 30’ W

(3) 42° 10’ N, 75º 5’ W

(4) 42° 1’ N, 74º 35’ W

(1) 42° 0’ N, 74º 27’ W

Which location is closest to Dub Set(White Plains, NY)?

(2) 42º N latitude, 74º W longitude

(3) 43º N latitude, 76º W longitude

(4) 44º N latitude, 75º W longitude

(1) 41° N latitude, 74º W longitude

Latitudes and Longitudes from Space

From which New York State location would Polaris be observed to have an altitude closest

to 43° above the northern horizon?

(1) Binghamton (3) Watertown

(4) New York City(2) Utica

http://www.fourmilab.ch/earthview/satellite.html

How can we determine longitude?

• Earth constantly rotates,Let’s calculate its rate…

• Longitudes can be determined from time. (And time from longitudes!)

• The sun only faces one side of the Earth at a time (12 noon), hours change East or West of the sun.

15 o / hr !

12 PM (Noon)

Later(past noon)

Earlier(not yet noon)

West is earlier (AM), and east is later (PM)!

If it is 12 PM (noon) at 0o,

what time is it at 180o on the other side of the Earth?

12 AM (Midnight)!

?

The world map above marks location A, in Angola. If it is 3 PM there, what time is it by the star in Rio de

Janeiro, Brazil

1) 11 AM 3) 7 PM

2) 12 PM (noon) 4) 6 PM

As Earth rotates (from West to East), the sun APPEARS to move through the sky

from East to West!

Where does the sun rise & set?

West East

In fact, everything APPEARS to move through the sky from East to West in circular paths!

Everything appears to move except…

POLARIS(The North Star)

How do you fi

nd Polaris

?

Polaris is the last star in Ursa Minor (The Little Dipper).

Ursa Major (The Big Dipper) helps point you to Polaris.

The height of Polaris in the sky is equal to your latitude.

(ONLY NORTH of the Equator!)

Polaris is over the North

pole. It ALWAYS points you north. (If you are north

of the Equator!)

The diagram shows an observer on Earthviewing the star Polaris.

What is this observer’s latitude?

(1) 38° N (3) 52° N

(2) 38° S (4) 52° S

The altitude of Polaris = latitude North of

Equator!

Polaris is at 0o Angle

Equator = 0o latitude

Polaris is at 30o

Angle

New Orleans = 30o N

Polaris is at 90o

Angle

North Pole = 90o N

What happens to height of Polaris as you move toward the North

pole?

How about if you move SOUTH from the pole?

Where would you see Polaris if standing AT the North Pole?

Polaris is at a 90o angle above the North Pole. The North pole is 90o North latitude.

Polaris appears to be at a 0o angle to a

person at the Equator (0o latitude).

Which diagram best represents the view of Polaris to an observer located at the Earth’s Equator?

Isolines

Mr. Pearl has the unfortunate task of grading a student’s isomap. There is at least one mistake on the map though. Where is it?

Practice isolines with this link!

Topographic Maps

Simple• Distance

• Legend (w/ directional)

• Contour Interval

• Sea level

• Slope (or Gradient)

• Rivers (& their

direction)

When is it a hill and when is it a

hole in the ground?

100

300300 100

When is it steep?

The topographic map of an island below

measures elevations in meters and has a scale of 1cm = 2 km

What is the CONTOUR

INTERVAL of this map?

(1) 40 m

(2) 10 m

(3) 0 m

(4) 20 m

Which point on this map has an elevation of 73 m? A

What is the

elevation of points:

A

B

C

D

E

70m

20m

30m

10m

-10m (between 0m & -20m!)

Elevations are in meters.

The diagram shows a portion of a topographic map. Based upon what you see the value of Point A must be

(1) Greater than Point B

(2) Equal to Point B

(3) Less than Point B

(4) There is not enough information provided

What is the value of Point A if the contour

interval is 25 m?

(1) 125 m

(2) 100 m

(3) 75 m

(4) 65 m

C

How about Point C?

60 m (51 – 74 m)

In which compass direction does the water flow in Long Creek?

SW

DON’T FORGET

THAT WATER ALWAYS FLOWS

DOWN!!!

78.

What is the elevation at point B?NMKA

10 m 50 m20 m

15 m

10 m

78.

Which direction does Copper Creek flow?

How do you know?

The topographic map below shows a lake and two rivers.

In which direction does each of the rivers flow?

(1) The Sapphire River and the Garnet River both flow east.

(2) The Sapphire River and the Garnet River both flow west.

(3) The Sapphire River flows east and the Garnet River flows west.

(4) The Sapphire River flows west and the Garnet River flows east.

The air-pressure field map represents a high-pressure system over the central United States. Isobars show the air pressure in millibars (mb).

(1) A and C (3) C and D

(2) B and E (4) D and E

Areas of equal pressure may be found at locations

The small map identifies the New York State region shown

in the topographic map.

What is the elevation of point A on the

topographic map?

(1) 1,700 ft

(2) 1,600 ft

(3) 1,650 ft

(4) 1,550 ft

What is a possible elevation, in meters, of point X?

(1) 55 (3) 68

(2) 57 (4) 70

The topographic map below shows two hills labeled A and B. The tributary streams labeled X and Y have the same volume of water.

Which statement is best supported by the map?

(1) Hill A is higher than hill B.

(2) Stream X flows faster than stream Y.

(3) Hill B is higher than hill A.

(4) Stream Y flows faster than stream X.

Profiles

Review Profiling and Contours at this Link!

The map shows sea-level air pressure in millibars for a portion of the eastern coast of North America.

The air pressure recorded at point D was most likely

(1)1014 mb (3) 1010 mb

(2) 1012 mb (4) 1006 mb

Point X is what elevation (in meters)?

(1) 55 (3) 68

(2) 57 (4) 70

Topographic maps are contour maps of

elevations (height)

above sea level.

The map below is Topographic.

55

6065

70

Elevations are in meters.

The air-pressure field map shows a High

pressure system over the central U.S.

Isobars show the air pressure in millibars

(mb).

(1) A and C (3) C and D

(2) B and E (4) D and E

Areas of equal pressure may be found at locations

The map here is a topographic map measuring elevations in feet.

What is the CONTOUR INTERVAL of this map?

(1) 7000 ft

(2) 500 ft

(3) 7500 ft

(4) 100 ft

The map here is a topographic map This means it is a contour map of the land.

What is the CONTOUR INTERVAL of this map?

(1) 7000 ft

(2) 500 ft

(3) 7500 ft

(4) 100 ft

Which city in New York State is Cayuta Creek

nearest?

Elmira or Ithaca

http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/latitude_and_longitude_finder.htm

The temperature field map represents surface air temperatures within a park. The

location of a lake within the park is indicated.

Which graph best represents the temperature profile along a straight line from point A to point

B?

Which # is in the steepest location?

1

2 3

4

(3) 75°15' E

(2) 43°05' S (4) 75°15' W

(1) 43°05' N

The approximate latitude of Utica, New York, is…

The map of the world above indicates Longitudes and three important reference Latitude lines for the planet

Earth.What is the time difference between two locations on this map that are separated by 75o of Longitude?

1) 0 hours 2) 3 hours 3) 5 hours 4) 7 hours

What is the time difference between two locations on this map that are separated by 75o of Latitude?

1) 0 hours 2) 3 hours 3) 5 hours 4) 7 hours

The world map above marks location A, in The Democratic Republic of Congo. If it is 3 PM there, what

time is it by the star in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

1) 11 AM 3) 7 PM

2) 12 PM (noon) 4) 6 PM

What is the elevation of

Point Y?

7550 ft.

(7501 – 7599 ft)

The map indicates total rain and snowfall amounts in different parts of

New York State.

Identify the New York landscape region that has the greatest average yearly

amount of precipitation.

Match the correct topographic profile with the correct topographic map.

6

1

4

3

2

5

Which New York State Landscape Region is located at approximately

43o10’ N & 78oW?

1) Taconic Mountains

2) Manhattan Prong

3) Erie-Ontario Lowlands

4) Allegheny Plateau

The four streams shown on the topographic maps have the same volume between X and Y. The distance from X to Y is also the same. All the maps are drawn to the same scale and have the same contour interval. Which map shows the stream with the greatest velocity between points X and Y?

Toward which direction does the Green River flow?

(1) northeast (2) southeast

(3) northwest

(4) southwest

What evidence can be used to determine that the land surface in the northeast corner of the map is relatively flat?

(1) a rapidly flowing river (3) the dark contour line labeled 300

(2) a large region covered by water (4) the absence of many contour lines

The topographic map below shows part of a stream.

In which general direction is the stream flowing?

(1) northeast

(2) northwest

(3) southeast

(4) southwest

N

In which direction does the Tenaya Stream flow?

(1) South east

(2) South west

(3) North east

(4) West

N

Which area on the map appears to have the LARGEST change over the SMALLEST area?

(1) South of Point C

(2) East of Point X

(3) North of Point A

(4) West of Point Y

The diagram below shows an observer on Earth

measuring the altitude of Polaris.

What is the latitude of this observer?

(1)90° N (3) 43° N

(2) 66.5° N (4) 23.5° N

If I am at White Plains, NY (410 N latitude)

and I walk to the North, Polaris will appear to

1) Get higher in the sky

2) Get lower in the sky

3) Move to the East

4) Approach the Prime Meridian