Latin ExpressionsExpression Meaning Example

ibid.=ibidem

Use to replace citing the last citedsource, over and over= in the same place.

Barlow and Hogarth (2007)argue[...]. Even the simple skill of

handwriting was replaced byungramatical abbreviattions (ibid).

Viz.=Videlicet

Used to explain an idea or conceptwith other words. Similar to "in other

words","namely", or "That is"

Stevenson (2007) underlines theimportance of education, vis. that a

learning society is important.

Viz-à-viz A French word that means "face-to-face" and is used to compare two ideas

Easter Philosophy vis-à-vizWestern Philosophy

Inter alia This expression means: "among otherthings"

Thompson (2004) belived thatpersonal fulfilment depended on,

inter alia, financial stability.

i.e. = id est Similar to "That is"

e.g. = exempli gratia

This roman expression means "Forexample"

ca = CircaThis expression is usually associated

with unprecised dates = "about" or "approximately"