latin america’s culture
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LATIN AMERICA’S CULTURE. Chapters 10-12. Geography Influences History/ migration pattern in many, many, many ways !. BERINGIA LANDBRIDGE Geographic Features influence Migration ! Some HELP……… like the “land bridge” that allowed people to migrate to the Americas from Asia. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
LATIN AMERICA’S CULTURE
Chapters 10-12
Geography Influences History/ migration pattern in many, many, many ways !
• BERINGIA LANDBRIDGE• Geographic Features
influence Migration !
• Some HELP………like the “land bridge” that allowed people to migrate to the Americas from Asia
Spatial Diffusion = spread of disease, food, language, Etc
• With the Columbian Exchange, many, many, many new things were introduced to the “New” and “Old” World
4
Objectives:
• What are the economic and cultural regions of Mexico?
• What challenges face Mexico?
Section 3 Mexico Today
5
Mexico’s regions:• Greater Mexico City—cultural, economic, political center• Central Mexico—fertile farm area; second city, Guadalajara• Gulf lowlands—hot and humid; economy based on farming,
ranching, oil production• Southern Mexico—Yucatán and Chiapas highlands; Mayan
areas, subsistence farming• Northern Mexico—more prosperous; commercial agriculture,
industry centered in Monterrey
Section 3 Mexico Today
6
Mexico’s challenges:
• economic inequality—few rich, many poor; promotes instability, migration
• crime—drug-related corruption and violence limit national progress
• infrastructure—social and economic advance hindered by poor water, sewer, transport
Section 3 Mexico Today
7
Objectives:
• How does Central America’s history continue to shape the region today?
• What economic, political, and social conditions exist in the region?
Section 2 Central America
8
Effects of history on Central America:
• tradition of wealth concentrated in few families
• continued importance of Roman Catholic Church
• Spanish language (except in former British colony of Belize)
• population mainly mixed-race mestizos and mulattoes
Section 2 Central America
9
Economic, political, and social conditions:
• commercial export agriculture, with strong foreign influence• powerful families control society, government, military• widespread poverty and inequality—cause emigration,
unrest.• El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Guatemala—violence, civil war• Honduras—poorest country; rough terrain, lack of
development• Panama—variety of conditions; wilderness jungle to modern
industry• Costa Rica—greatest stability, highest standard of living.
Section 2 Central America
10
Objectives:
• What are some important events in the history of the Caribbean?
• What cultural and population patterns are found in the region?
• What activities support the economies of the Caribbean countries?
Section 3 The Caribbean
11
Important events in Caribbean history:
• Columbus’s arrival in 1492 began Spanish colonization.• British, Dutch, and French competed for control.• Europeans create plantations based on slave labor.• Haiti gained independence in 1804.• U.S. took Cuba and Puerto Rico from Spain in Spanish-
American War of 1898.• Many Caribbean islands remained colonies until mid-
1900s.
Section 3 The Caribbean
12
Cultural and population patterns:• population—mainly Europeans and African descendants• Asian immigrants—influence in some countries (Trinidad and
Tobago)• language—based on colonial history (Spanish, English, French,
Dutch)• religion—Catholic, Protestant, African beliefs, Hinduism, Islam.• rapid population growth—produces unemployment,
emigration, urbanization.
Section 3 The Caribbean
13
Economic activities:• Except for Cuba, market economies dominate the
region.• Agricultural exports are the key activity: sugar,
bananas, cacao, citrus, spices.• Mining is important in some countries.• Puerto Rico has developed industry based on U.S.
policies.• Tourism is important throughout the region.
Section 3 The Caribbean
14
Objectives:
• What were some important events in the early history of South America?
• How did the colonial era and independence affect South America?
• What are some important features of South America’s cultures?
Section 2 History and Culture
15
Early history:• First inhabitants arrived more than 12,000 years ago.• Various early civilizations arose, including the Chibcha of
Colombia• Inca civilization spanned much of Andean region.• Spanish conquered the Inca in the 1530s.• Spain and Portugal divided the continent: Spain in the west,
Portugal in the east.• Colonists brought new plants, animals, and diseases.• Portuguese brought slave labor to Brazil to work sugar
plantations.
Section 2 History and Culture
16
Effects of the colonial era and independence:
• After independence (1810–1830), new nations were still ruled by wealthy elite.
• Countries remained isolated from each other.• Borders mirrored colonial divisions.• Life for most people changed little after
independence.• Governments often changed through violent
coups.
Section 2 History and Culture
17
Cultural features:
• great ethnic variety—mixed-race, European, American Indian, African, east Indian, Japanese
• language—reflects colonization; Indian languages still spoken
• religion—majority Roman Catholic; also Hinduism, Islam, other religions
• traditional culture, despite change
Section 2 History and Culture
18
Objectives:
• What is the economy of South America like today?
• What are South American cities like?• What issues and challenges face the people of
South America?
Section 3 South America Today
19
Economy:
• developing or middle-income nations• agriculture—ranges from subsistence to large-
scale commercial• industry—including products for local market
and export manufactures• Mercosur—effort to expand trade and
cooperation
Section 3 South America Today
20
Urban environments:
• Major cities are huge compared with other cities.
• Urban life is often hard for rural migrants.• many large slums
Section 3 South America Today
21
Issues and challenges:
• reducing poverty• high birthrates• environmental problems—rain forest
destruction, soil exhaustion• political disputes over borders and resources• violence and terrorism, often linked to drug
trade
Section 3 South America Today