latin america independence
DESCRIPTION
Notes on Toussaint L'overture, Simon Bolivar, and Miguel HidalgoTRANSCRIPT
Latin America Independence
Toussaint L’ Overture
• Born Nov. 1 1743 in what is now Haiti
• Born into slavery• Allowed to learn to read
and write• Raised Roman Catholic• Worked as a house
servant• Gained his freedom by
age 33
Toussaint L’ Overture
• Slave revolt on October 30, 1771
• Acted as the doctor for the slave army
• Feb. 4 1794 was named Commander in Chief of the French colony by Napoleon
Toussaint L’ Overture
• Instituted social reforms• Built roads, schools,
hospitals, and government buildings
• Enhanced agriculture• Rebuilt the armed
forces
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Toussaint L’ Overture
• Wrote a constitution that gave all citizens equal rights
• Appointed himself governor for life
• Able to pick his successor
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Toussaint L’ Overture
• January 1802 – Napoleon sent 20,000 troops to arrest L’Overture
• L’Overture is tied up and sent France and thrown in a dungeon where he dies soon after
Simon Bolivar
The Liberator
Simon Bolivar
• Born July 24, 1743 in Caracus, Venezuela
• Family was very wealthy• Received an excellent
education in Spain• Returned to Venezuela
in 1807
Simon Bolivar
• Napoleon installed his brother as King of Spain in 1808
• This led to resistance movements in South America
• Venezuela declared its independence from Spain in 1810
Simon Bolivar
• August 6, 1813 Bolivar led a military campaign from what is now Columbia to take control of Caracus, Venezuela and establish the independent country of Venezuela
Simon Bolivar
• In 1817, with the help from Haitian troops Bolivar took the capital of what is now Columbia
• Sept. 7 1821, the Federation of Gran Columbia was created
• Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, and Panama were created from this area
Simon Bolivar
• Bolivar continued to work to liberate other areas of South America
• Feb. 10, 1824 the Peruvian congress named him dictator of Peru
Simon Bolivar
• August 6, 1825 - the Republic of Bolivia was created in honor of Bolivar
• August 27, 1828 - Bolivar declared himself dictator of Gran Columbia which was made up of Columbia, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador
Simon Bolivar
• Uprisings in many parts of Gran Columbia led to an assassination attempt on Sept. 25 1828
• Bolivar resigned as dictator and planned to move to Europe
• Bolivar died after a long bout with tuberculosis on Dec. 18, 1830
Miguel HidalgoLeader of Mexican Independence
Miguel Hidalgo
• Born May 8, 1753• Catholic priest in the
town of Delores in New Spain
• Midnight Sept. 10, 1810 – Father Miguel Hidalgo rang the church bell and gave a speech calling for the death of all Spaniards
Miguel Hidalgo
• Father Hidalgo raised armies of free Mexicans and swept through parts of Mexico and killed many Spaniards
• Father Hidalgo was excommunicated from the Catholic Church for his actions
Miguel Hidalgo
• Was captured royalist forces after a battle
• Was defrocked and executed by firing squad on July 30, 1811