Latin AmericaLatin America

AP World HistoryAP World History

Latin America - MexicoLatin America - Mexico

1810 – Father Hidalgo 1810 – Father Hidalgo (Catholic Priest) wanted (Catholic Priest) wanted political freedom, to end political freedom, to end slavery, and improve living slavery, and improve living conditions for Mexico’s poorconditions for Mexico’s poorSeptember 16, 1810 – gives September 16, 1810 – gives address called “el Grito de address called “el Grito de Delores” (Cry of Delores)Delores” (Cry of Delores)Leads Native Americans & Leads Native Americans & mestizos in armed movementmestizos in armed movement1811 – insurrection is put 1811 – insurrection is put down by Spanish armydown by Spanish armyHidalgo is captured and Hidalgo is captured and executedexecuted

Latin America - MexicoLatin America - Mexico

1813 – Jose Maria 1813 – Jose Maria Morelos (Catholic Morelos (Catholic priest) declares priest) declares independence; takes independence; takes over after Hidalgoover after HidalgoCaptures large Captures large portion of southern portion of southern MexicoMexico1815 – is ultimately 1815 – is ultimately defeated by the defeated by the Spanish & executedSpanish & executed

Latin America - MexicoLatin America - Mexico

1821- full independence 1821- full independence is granted after creoles is granted after creoles declare independencedeclare independenceLed by Augustin de Led by Augustin de IturbideIturbideMade himself emperorMade himself emperorWas deposed in 1823Was deposed in 1823

Mexico declares itself a Mexico declares itself a republic in 1823republic in 1823Costa Rica, El Salvador, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, & Honduras Guatemala, & Honduras soon followsoon followMexico – unique because Mexico – unique because of lack of immigrant of lack of immigrant populationpopulation

Latin America - MexicoLatin America - Mexico1876 – Porfirio Diaz begins 1876 – Porfirio Diaz begins 35 year rule of Mexico 35 year rule of Mexico (eliminated opposition, but (eliminated opposition, but encouraged economic encouraged economic growth)growth)1910 – Middle class begins 1910 – Middle class begins movement for election movement for election reform – escalates into 10 reform – escalates into 10 year rebellion (Mexican year rebellion (Mexican Revolution)Revolution)1921 – New constitution 1921 – New constitution written – limited foreign written – limited foreign investment, restricted investment, restricted church ownership of church ownership of property, & education property, & education reformreform

Latin America – South AmericaLatin America – South America

1810 - Simon Bolivar 1810 - Simon Bolivar (Creole from Venezuela) (Creole from Venezuela) – known as “the liberator” – known as “the liberator” starts a revolt in northern starts a revolt in northern South AmericaSouth AmericaLeads to independence of Leads to independence of Venezuela, Colombia, Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Bolivia, & Panama, Bolivia, & Ecuador (was Gran Ecuador (was Gran Colombia)Colombia)1826 – all of South 1826 – all of South America has been America has been liberated by Bolivar liberated by Bolivar

Independence of HaitiIndependence of Haiti

Led mainly by Led mainly by Francois Toussaint-Francois Toussaint-LouvertureLouverture

Early 1790s – unrest Early 1790s – unrest from brutal rule of from brutal rule of French leads to revoltFrench leads to revolt

Francois Toussaint-LouvertureFrancois Toussaint-Louverture

Haitian Flag

(white removed from French flag)

Latin America - BrazilLatin America - Brazil

1808 – Napoleon invades 1808 – Napoleon invades Portugal – King JoPortugal – King João & ão & royal royal family flee to Brazil (monarchy family flee to Brazil (monarchy is transferred)is transferred)JoJoão was a liberal ruler - ão was a liberal ruler - brought reforms in education, brought reforms in education, military academies, art & military academies, art & medicinemedicineRio de Janeiro is made the Rio de Janeiro is made the capitalcapitalDom Pedro (son of JoDom Pedro (son of João) rules ão) rules after King returns to Portugalafter King returns to PortugalSeptember 1822 – won full September 1822 – won full independence and chooses independence and chooses constitutional monarchy as constitutional monarchy as form of governmentform of governmentDid not have to endure a Did not have to endure a prolonged, bloody revoution prolonged, bloody revoution

Latin American - ProblemsLatin American - Problems

Geography – hindered trade, Geography – hindered trade, commerce, transportation and commerce, transportation and economyeconomyColonial heritage – not ready for Colonial heritage – not ready for independenceindependenceRigid Social OrderRigid Social OrderPeninsulares – Europeans born in SpainPeninsulares – Europeans born in SpainCreoles – colonial born white aristocrats (dominated Creoles – colonial born white aristocrats (dominated society) society) Mestizos / Mulattos – mixes of Europeans and Mestizos / Mulattos – mixes of Europeans and Indians or slavesIndians or slavesIndians / Descendants of slavesIndians / Descendants of slaves

Slave uprising in Haiti eventually Slave uprising in Haiti eventually earns them independence (1790s)earns them independence (1790s)Catholicism dominated daily lifeCatholicism dominated daily life