Latin America After Latin America After WWIIWWII

IB ObjectivesIB Objectives

Spread of Cold War from EuropeSpread of Cold War from Europe US Foreign Policy during the Cold US Foreign Policy during the Cold

WarWar

Key TermsKey Terms

OASOAS Colonel Jacobo Arbenz GuzmanColonel Jacobo Arbenz Guzman Operation SuccessOperation Success Alliance for ProgessAlliance for Progess

Lecture OutlineLecture Outline

I.I. Effects of the Cold WarEffects of the Cold War

A. OASA. OAS

B. GuatemalaB. Guatemala

C. Alliance for ProgressC. Alliance for Progress

D. the role of the ChurchD. the role of the Church

II. Latin America’s economyII. Latin America’s economy

OASOAS

1948 the US took the lead in creating 1948 the US took the lead in creating the Organization of American States.the Organization of American States.

There were 21 countries initially but There were 21 countries initially but all 35 independent countries of the all 35 independent countries of the Americas are now members.Americas are now members.

Primary purposes include: Primary purposes include: strengthening democracy; defending strengthening democracy; defending human rights; promoting sustainable human rights; promoting sustainable development; and common defense.development; and common defense.

GuatemalaGuatemala 1950 Colonel Jacobo Arbenz Guzman 1950 Colonel Jacobo Arbenz Guzman

was elected president of Guatemala.was elected president of Guatemala. 2% of Guatemalans controlled 74% of 2% of Guatemalans controlled 74% of

the nation’s farm land.the nation’s farm land. 1952 a law is passed which 223 acres of 1952 a law is passed which 223 acres of

land was to be expropriated by the land was to be expropriated by the Guatemalan government and distributed Guatemalan government and distributed to the landless.to the landless.

Arbenz paid the United Fruit Company Arbenz paid the United Fruit Company $600,000 for its 550,000 acres.$600,000 for its 550,000 acres.

GuatemalaGuatemala

1953 President Eisenhower approved 1953 President Eisenhower approved a plan to overthrow Arbenz.a plan to overthrow Arbenz.

May 1954 Czech weapons landed in May 1954 Czech weapons landed in Guatemala in violation of US imposed Guatemala in violation of US imposed arms embargo and the US used it as arms embargo and the US used it as pretext for initiating Operation pretext for initiating Operation Success—the planned coup d’etat Success—the planned coup d’etat against Arbenz.against Arbenz.

GuatemalaGuatemala

Arbenz was overthrown and a new Arbenz was overthrown and a new president hand picked by the US was president hand picked by the US was put into power.put into power.

The 1952 land reform act was The 1952 land reform act was revoked and the United Fruit revoked and the United Fruit Company regained its lands.Company regained its lands.

Alliance for ProgressAlliance for Progress

1961 President Kennedy created the 1961 President Kennedy created the Alliance for Progress whose goal was Alliance for Progress whose goal was to relieve poverty and social to relieve poverty and social inequities.inequities.

The US agreed to commit $20 billion The US agreed to commit $20 billion to the program over a 120 year to the program over a 120 year period.period.

It was dissolved in 1973.It was dissolved in 1973.

Catholic ChurchCatholic Church 1950s the Church began to compete with 1950s the Church began to compete with

Communists for the support of the Communists for the support of the masses.masses.

In the 1970s the Church began to be a In the 1970s the Church began to be a champion of individual human rights in an champion of individual human rights in an attempt to protect the people from both attempt to protect the people from both political extremes.political extremes.

Christian Democratic Parties were Christian Democratic Parties were created.created.

In July 1980 Pope John Paul II forbade the In July 1980 Pope John Paul II forbade the clergy from holding political office.clergy from holding political office.

DebtDebt By 1982 Latin American debt was over $315 billion By 1982 Latin American debt was over $315 billion

with Brazil owing $87.5 billion and Argentina $43.6 with Brazil owing $87.5 billion and Argentina $43.6 billion.billion.

Prices of locally produced manufactured goods Prices of locally produced manufactured goods were often 300% above the world price.were often 300% above the world price.

1980-1984 overall growth in Latin America 1980-1984 overall growth in Latin America dropped by about 9%.dropped by about 9%.

Total burden of debt increased by about 9% per Total burden of debt increased by about 9% per annum.annum.

By 2003 all the countries of Latin America except By 2003 all the countries of Latin America except Cuba where under some form of elected Cuba where under some form of elected government.government.

LA p. 440-455LA p. 440-455

Fidel CastroFidel Castro Fundamental Law Fundamental Law

of the Republicof the Republic Bay of Pigs Bay of Pigs

InvasionInvasion Cuban Missile Cuban Missile

CrisisCrisis Law of Agrarian Law of Agrarian

ReformReform

Second Agrarian Second Agrarian LawLaw

Cuban Women’s Cuban Women’s FederationFederation

Torricelli ActTorricelli Act Helms-Burton ActHelms-Burton Act