LATEX WORKSHOP

ByMohamed A. Alrshah

15 November, 2015

TEX?

TEX is a typesetting system that incorporates a macro processor.

A TEX source document specifies a number of macro definitions that instruct the TEX engine how to typeset the document. 

Its implementations are governed by the principle that the same input should produce the same output.

LATEX?.. LATEX2ε?.. MiKTEX?..

LATEX is a macro package which enables authors to typeset and print their work at the highest typographical quality, using a predefined, professional layout. It uses the TEX formatter as its typesetting engine.

LATEX2ε includes all the patches which had cropped up since the release of LATEX 2.09.

MiKTEX is an up-to-date implementation of TEX and related programs (installation package).

The ConceptTraditional process

Manuscript received at the

Publishing company

(Book designer)Decides the layout including column

width, fonts, space before and after headings, etc.

Typesetting the manuscript according to the book designer’s instructions(Typesetter )

LATEX

Author types the manuscript

LATEX plays the role of the Book Designer

TEX does the job of the typesetter

How does LATEX works?

INPUT.tex : The manuscript text with interspersed TEX commands..eps, .pdf, .jpg, etc : graphics files..bib: bibliography.

PROCESS/COMPILELatex.exe

Pdflatex.exeLuaTeX.exeXeTeX .exe

OUTPUT1- .dvi or .pdf, HTML, XML, etc.2- .log: transcript3- .aux: auxiliary

LATEX vs WYSIWYGCriterion WYSIWYG LATEX

Document Editing Users need to use the same tool. Users can arbitrary use any text editor.

Changing format The entire document needs to be checked for any unwanted results.

The class and some commands need to be changed.

Layout quality High quality layout can be reached by professional users only.

The standard Layout is already high quality.

Huge contentsprogram crashes and instability likely happen with large documents especially if high-quality graphics incorporated.

Faster since only text and formatting commands merged and the separate typesetting steps are only done.

Citation Requires additional tool such as Mendeley or Endnote.

It is professionally handled using the free and built-in BibTeX tool.

compatibility Low compatibility with all editors & OSs.

High compatibility with all editors & OSs.

Backward compatibility Is not fully supported. Is not fully supported.

Split work into many files

Usually no practicable solution available. Available.

Cost Some are free with limited features. Free

Installation Packages1- The TeX engine:

basic-miktex-2.9.5105-x64.exe2- The TeX editor:

texstudio-2.10.2-win-qt5.5.0.exe3- Postscript and PDF interpreter/renderer:

gs916w64.exe4- Postscript and PDF viewer:

gsv50w64.exeNote: all packages are FREE.

Installation: MikTeXInstructions:

Download Link : http://www.miktex.org/download/ Which version fits your OS (x32 or x64)?

MikTeX: Options

MikTeX: Update Wizard

MikTeX: Package Manager (ADD/Remove)

Installation: TeXstudio Download Link http://texstudio.sourceforge.net/ Which version fits your OS (x32 or x64)?

TeXstudio: Dictionary Setting. TeXstudio>Options>General> Dictionaries

TeXstudio: Commands Configurations.

TeXstudio>Options>Commands

TeXstudio: Compiler Configurations. TeXstudio>Options>Build

\documentclass[option1, option2, …]{class}…\usepackage{package1} \usepackage[options]{package2} \usepackage{package3, package4} \usepackage[options]{package5, package6} ……begin{document}……...\end{document}

LATEX: Basic Document Structure

The preamble

The content

LATEX: Basic Document Structure

Examples:\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}\title{You must put the title Here}\author{The name of first author

\and The name of second author}\date{15/11/2015}\begin{document}\maketitle

You can write anything here. You can write anything here. You can write anything here. You can write anything here. You can write anything here. You can write anything here. You can write anything here.

\end{document}

LATEX: Document classes

Document Classes Description

article For articles in scientific journals, presentations, short reports, program documentation, invitations, ...

IEEEtran For articles with the IEEE Transactions format.

proc A class for proceedings based on the article class.

report For longer reports containing several chapters, small books, thesis, ...

book For real books.

slides For slides. The class uses big sans serif letters.

memoir For changing sensibly the output of the document. It is based on the book class, but you can create any kind of document with it.

letter For writing letters.

beamer For writing presentations see LaTeX/Presentations).

elsarticle For articles with the Elsevier format.

Document Class Options Description10pt, 11pt, 12pt Sets the size of the main font in the document. If no option is specified, 10pt is assumed.

a4paper, b5paper, letterpaper,...

Defines the paper size. The default size is letterpaper; However, many European distributions of TeX now come pre-set for A4, not Letter, and this is also true of all distributions of pdfLaTeX. Besides that, a5paper, b5paper, executivepaper, and legalpaper can be specified.

fleqn Typesets displayed formulas left-aligned instead of centered.leqno Places the numbering of formulas on the left hand side instead of the right.titlepage, notitlepage Specifies whether a new page should be started after the document title or not. The article

class does not start a new page by default, while report and book do.onecolumn,twocolumn Instructs LaTeX to typeset the document in two columns instead of one.

twoside, onesideSpecifies whether double or single sided output should be generated. The classes article and report are single sided and the book class is double sided by default. Note that this option concerns the style of the document only. The option twoside does not tell the printer you use that it should actually make a two-sided printout.

landscape Changes the layout of the document to print in landscape mode.

openright, openanyMakes chapters begin either only on right hand pages or on the next page available. This does not work with the article class, as it does not know about chapters. The report class by default starts chapters on the next page available and the book class starts them on right hand pages.

draft, finalmakes LaTeX indicate hyphenation and justification problems with a small square in the right-hand margin of the problem line so they can be located quickly by a human. It also suppresses the inclusion of images and shows only a frame where they would normally occur.

LATEX: Document class options

File extension

Description

.tex LATEX or TEX input file.

.sty LATEX Macro package.

.dtx Documented TEX.

.cls Document class files

.dvi Device Independent File (output).

.log Log a detailed of the compilation process

.toc Table of content

.lof List of figures

.lot List of tables

.aux Auxiliary file, store information about the cross-references.

.idx Stores the words that go into the index in this file.

LATEX: File types

LATEX: Basic Commands

\documentclass{article}\begin{document}\section{Section Name}Section body.\subsection{Subsection Name}Subsection body.\subsubsection{SubsubSection Name}Subsubsection body.\paragraph{Paragraph Name}Paragraph body.\subparagraph{SubParagraph Name}Subparagraph body.\end{document}

LATEX: Breaking lines and text

Command Description

\newline, \\ Start a new line

\\* prohibits a page break after the forced line break

\newpage Start a new page

\mbox{text} Keep several words together with out breaking between lines

\hyphenation{word list}, \-

\hyphenation{hyph-ena-tion} anti\-disestablishmentarianism

LATEX: Font styles

Command Description

\emph{text} Emphasis (switches between \textit and \textrm ).

\textmd{text} Medium weight (default). \textbf{text} Boldface font style.\textup{text} Upright font style\textsl{text} Slanted font style.\textsf{text} Sans serif.\textsc{text} Small caps.\texttt{text} Typewriter font style\textnormal{text}

Main document font.

LATEX: Font styles

Command 10pt 11pt 12pt\tiny 5 6 6\scriptsize 7 8 8\footnotesize 8 9 10\small 9 10 10.95\normalsize 10 10.95 12\large 12 12 14.4\Large 14.4 14.4 17.28\LARGE 17.28 17.28 20.74\huge 20.74 20.74 24.88\Huge 24.88 24.88 24.88

\documentclass[11pt]{article}

\tiny sample text

\large sample text

\Huge sample text

LATEX: Cross referencing\documentclass{article}\begin{document}

\section{Section1}\label{sec1}Here is the Section 1 body.

\section{Section2}As mentioned in Section \ref{sec1}.

\subsection{Subsection1}$\beta$ is calculated as in Equation \ref{eq1}.

\begin{equation} \label{eq1}\beta \leftarrow \frac{5 (\pi - 1)}{\lambda^2}\end{equation}

\end{document}

LATEX: Environments \begin{environment} text \end{environment}

List Environment Unnumbered list:

Numbered list:

Unordered list\begin{itemize}

\item An item.

\item another item.\end{itemize}

Numbered list\begin{enumerate}

\item first item.

\item second item.\end{enumerate}

LATEX: Environments Text Justification

Flushleft

Flushright

Center

\begin{flushleft}This text is\\ left-aligned.force \LaTeX{} not to makeeach line the same length.\end{flushleft}

\begin{flushright}This text is right-aligned. \\The second line is a also right-aligned\end{flushright}

\begin{center}This text centered. \\The second line is a also centered\end{center}

LATEX: Environments Tables

Table

Tabular

\begin{table}[placement]body of the table\caption{table title}\end{table}

\begin{tabular}[pos]{cols}entry 1 & entry 2... & entry n \\...\end{tabular}

Placement

Description

h heret at the top of the pageb at the bottom of the pagep on a dedicated page of floats! override the default float

restrictions

pos Descriptiont align on top rowb align on bottom rowc align to the centre

cols Descriptionl a column of left-aligned itemsr a column of right-aligned itemsc a column of centered itemsp{wd} a column with specific width| A vertical line

Tables Example\begin{table}[h]\centering\caption {Simulation Parameters}\begin{tabular}[width=\linewidth]{p{5cm}p{2.2cm}} \hlineParameter & Value \\ \hlineSimulation time & 500 sec \\MAC layer & IEEE 802.11e \\Preamble length & 144 bits \\PLCP header length & 48 bits \\ \hline\end{tabular}\label{tab:SimPars}\end{table}

Table

Tabular

\begin{table}[placement]body of the table\caption{table title}\end{table}

\begin{tabular}[pos]{cols}entry 1 & entry 2... & entry n \\...\end{tabular}

Tables (multirows and multicoulmns)

Add \usepackage{multirow} to the preamble

\begin{table}\centering\begin{tabular}{ |l|l|l| } \hline\multicolumn{3}{ |c| }{Something} \\ \hlineentity 1 & entity 2 & entity 3 \\ \hline\multirow{4}{*}{Anything}& entity 4 & entity 5 \\& entity 6 & entity 7 \\& entity 8 & entity 9 \\& entity 10 & entity 11 \\ \hlineend{tabular}\caption{Example of Multirow and Multicolumn}\label{tab:label}\end{table}

Including graphics You can include any type of graphs (jpg, png, bmp, pdf, eps,

ps, etc.)

But the most preferable graph types is Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) Usable by any vector graphic application Supports transparency Editable file since it contains a description of the graphic objects

using the PostScript page description language. Can be enlarged indefinitely without losing quality.

Steps to include graphics to LaTeX document:1. prepare the .eps graphic2. Load the graphics or graphicx package3. Include the graphic in the .tex file

Including graphics Load the graphicx package Put the following command in the preamble

\usepackage{graphicx} Include the graph

The options of \Includegraphics

\begin{figure}[h]\centering\includegraphics[width=0.7\linewidth]{plot}\caption{Figure Caption Here}\label{fig:plot}\end{figure}

option Descriptionwidth change the graphic widthheight change the graphic hight

angle rotate graphic counterclockwise with a specific degree

scale scale graphic (% from the original size)option Description

Is there any wizard? Yes there are several wizards in

TeXstudio. Wizards can help you quickly to do:

Quick starting. Quick beamer presentation. Quick letter. Quick tabular. Quick tabbing. Quick array. Insert graphics (but drag and drop is much

easier). Math assistant.

Algorithms: Predefined keywordsCommand Description\; End of line\tcp*{} Comment on the line\tcp{} Comment as a separate line\BlankLine for new blank line\KwIn{input} \KwOut{output}\KwData{input} \KwResult{output} Input, output keywords

\KwRet{value} \Return{value} Return keywords\If(then comment){condition} {then block} If statement with end keyword\uIf(then comment){condition}{ then block without end} If statement without end keyword\ElseIf(else comment){elseif block} elseIf statement with end keyword\uElseIf( else comment){elseif block} elseIf statement without end keyword\Switch(switch comment){condition}{Switch block} Switch keyword\Case(case comment){a case}{case block} case keyword with end keyword\uCase(case comment){a case}{case block without end} case keyword without end keyword\Other(other comment){otherwise block} otherwise keyword\For(for comment){condition}{text loop} for loop with end keyword \lFor(for comment){condition}{text loop} for loop without end keyword \While(while comment){condition}{text loop} while loop with end keyword \ForEach(foreach comment){condition}{text loop} for each loop with end keyword \ForAll(forall comment){condition}{text loop} forall loop with end keyword \Repeat(repeat comment){end condition}{text loop}(until comment)

repeat until keyword

Algorithms Redefine the keywords

\SetKwInput{KwData}{Data}\SetKwInput{KwResult}{Result}\SetKwInput{KwIn}{Input}\SetKwInput{KwOut}{Output}\SetKw{KwTo}{to}\SetKw{KwRet}{return}\SetKw{Return}{return}\SetKwBlock{Begin}{begin}{end}\SetKwComment{tcc{/*}{*/}\SetKwComment{tcp}{//}{}\SetKwIF{If}{ElseIf}{Else}{if}{then}{else if}{else}{endif}…

Example\SetKwFor{For}{for}{do}{done}

Default definition New definitionFor condition do for comment | text loopend

For condition do for comment | text loopdone

Algorithms \usepackage[linesnumbered, ruled]{algorithm2e}

For more information about algorithm2e refer to: http://ctan.mirrorcatalogs.com/macros/latex/contrib/algorithm2e/doc/algorithm2e.pdf

\SetKwProg{Initialize}{Initialize}{ }{end}\SetKwProg{Function}{Function}{ }{end}\SetKwProg{Event}{Event}{ do}{event-end}\SetKwInOut{Input}{input}\begin{algorithm}\caption{Agile-SD Congestion Avoidance.}\label{algo01}\Input{$tcp\_status$}\Initialize{Variables}{

$\lambda_{min} \leftarrow 1, \lambda_{max} \leftarrow 3,$\\$\beta_1 \leftarrow 0.90, \beta_2 \leftarrow 0.95,$\\$cwnd \leftarrow 2$\\

}\Function{On ACK Receiption}{

calculate $gap_{current}$\\calculate $gap_{total}$\\calculate $\lambda$\\$\alpha = \frac{\lambda}{cwnd}$$cwnd \leftarrow cwnd + \alpha$\\

}\Event{On Loss Detection}{

$cwnd_{loss} \leftarrow cwnd$\\

\uIf {$tcp\_status = SlowStart$} {$cwnd \leftarrow cwnd \times \beta_1$\\ }

\Else {$cwnd \leftarrow cwnd \times \beta_2$\\ }

$ssthresh \leftarrow cwnd - 1$\\$cwnd_{degraded} \leftarrow cwnd$\\

}\end{algorithm}

Theorems(theorems, definitions, propositions, remarks, corollaries,

lemmas, etc.) \usepackage{amsthm}

Define the environment in the preamble\newtheorem{name}{display word}

Examples\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}\newtheorem{corollary}{Corollary} \newtheorem{lemma} {Lemma}\newtheorem{prop}{Proposition}

Numbering rules\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]\newtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}[theorem]\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}\newtheorem{prop}{Proposition}

Theorems\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]\newtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}[theorem]\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}\newtheorem{prop}{Proposition}

\section{Introduction}Introduction to use $\setminus newtheorem$ command.\begin{theorem}[anyoption] \label{theo1}

Place the theorem definition here.\end{theorem}\begin{proof}

Place the proof of Theorem \ref{theo1} here.\end{proof}\begin{corollary} \label{cor1}

Place the corollary definition here.\end{corollary}Refer to your theorem \ref{theo1} or corollary \ref{cor1}\begin{prop} \label{prop1}

Place the proposition definition here.\end{prop}\begin{proof}

Place the proof of Proposition \ref{prop1} here.\end{proof}

Mathematical Formulas \usepackage{amsmath} in-line mathematical formula

$ inline formula here $

Example$c$ squared is calculated as the summation of $a$ squared and $b$ squared. Or, using more mathematical approach: $c^2 = a^2 + b^2$

Mathematical Formulas equation environment

\begin{equation}your formulas here

\end{equation}o Numbered equation

o Unnumbered equation

Add $a$ squared and $b$ squaredto get $c$ squared. Or, usinga more mathematical approach\begin{equation}a^2 + b^2 = c^2\end{equation}

Add $a$ squared and $b$ squaredto get $c$ squared. Or, usinga more mathematical approach\begin{equation*}a^2 + b^2 = c^2\end{equation*}

Mathematical Formulas multiline

align

\begin{multline*}a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h + I \\= j + k + l + m + n\end{multline*}

\begin{align}a & = b + c \\& = d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l \nonumber \\& + m + n + o \\& = p + q + r + s\end{align}

Mathematical Formulas IEEEeqnarray

Requires IEEEtrantools.sty which can be obtained from https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/IEEEtran/tools

\usepackage[retainorgcmds]{IEEEtrantools} Example:

Fine whitespaces can be added by using “\:” to fix the unaligned entities

\begin{IEEEeqnarray}{rCl}a & = & b + c \\& = & d + e + f + g + h \nonumber\\& + & l + m + n + o \\& = & p + q + r + s

\end{IEEEeqnarray}

Mathematical Formulas Arrays

Example1

Example2

\begin{equation*}\mathbf{X} = \left(\begin{array}{ccc}x_1 & x_2 & \ldots \\x_3 & x_4 & \ldots \\\vdots & \vdots & \ddots\end{array} \right)\end{equation*}

\begin{equation*}|x| = \left\{\begin{array}{rl}-x & \text{if } x < 0,\\0 & \text{if } x = 0,\\x & \text{if } x > 0.\end{array} \right.\end{equation*}

Mathematical Formulas Matrices

Example

practice TeXstudio>Wizards>Quick Array… for more matrix types

\begin{equation}\mathbf{P}=\begin{bmatrix}p_{11} & p_{12} & \ldots& p_{1n} \\p_{21} & p_{22} & \ldots& p_{2n} \\\vdots & \vdots & \ddots& \vdots \\p_{m1} & p_{m2} & \ldots& p_{mn}\end{bmatrix}\end{equation}

Mathematical Formulas Spacing

\, \: \quad \qquad Delimiter sizes

Without \left and \right macros

With \left and \right macros

\begin{equation*}1 + (\frac{1}{1-x^{2}})^3 \end{equation*}

\begin{equation*}1 + \left(\frac{1}{1-x^{2}}\right)^3 \end{equation*}

Bibliography Bibliography database (.bib)

…@ARTICLE{ruscelli2012, author = {{A}nna {L}ina {R}uscelli and {G}abriele {C}ecchetti and {A}ngelo

{A}lifano and {G}iuseppe {L}ipari}, title = {{E}nhancement of {Q}o{S} support of {HCCA} schedulers using {EDCA}

function in {IEEE} 802.11e networks}, journal = {{A}d {H}oc {N}etworks}, year = {2012}, volume = {10}, pages = {147 - 161}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1016/j.adhoc.2010.09.014}, issn = {1570-8705}, opturl = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S157087051000154X}}…

Bibliography Steps to deal with citation

1. Prepare the bibliography file (.bib), perhaps using jabRef2. Add the following command in the end of the (.tex)

document file, where the references section is:

Example:

4. Cite the reference in you text using the following command

\bibliographystyle{bibliography style}\bibliography{bibliograpy database file}

\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}\bibliography{your-bib-

database}

… \cite{ruscelli2012} …

Bibliography List of bibliography styles

Style Name Author Name Format Sorting

unsrt Homer Jay Simpson as referencedplain Homer Jay Simpson by authornamed Homer Jay Simpsonauthordate1 Simpson, Homer Jayapa Simpson, H. J. (1995)alpha Homer Jay Simpson by authoracm Simpson, H. J.abstract Homer Jay Simpsonabbrv H. J. Simpson by author

Bibliography Multiple citation

Several approaches such as \cite{Lee2009, Jansang2011, Cecchetti2012, cecchettielAL2012, ruscelli2012} have been presented in the literature attempting to remedy the deficiency of the HCCA reference scheduler in supporting QoS for VBR traffics.

Getting things together applying latex template

1. Get the IEEEtrans template from https://www.ctan.org/ or https://www.ieee.org/conferences_events/conferences/publishing/templates.html

2. Extract the template file (which includes IEEEtran.cls)into a folder

3. Copy images files 4. Copy reference.bib5. add your material in the given template’s places6. Compile 7. Done!

References https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX LaTeX Tutorial, Je Clark, Revised February 26, 2002 Learning LATEX by Doing, Andr’e Heck, March 2005, AMSTEL

Institute The Not So Short Introduction to LATEX2E, Tobias

Oetiker,Hubert Partl, Irene Hyna and Elisabeth Schlegl, Version 5.05, July 18, 2015

Latex Workshop, Mohammed A. Al-maqri, April 2015, UPM.