latex symbols

A The Comprehensive L TEX Symbol List Scott Pakin 9 November 2009

AbstractA This document lists 5913 symbols and the corresponding L TEX commands that produce them. Some A of these symbols are guaranteed to be available in every L TEX 2 system; others require fonts and packages that may not accompany a given distribution and that therefore need to be installed. All of the fonts and packages used to prepare this documentas well as this document itselfare freely available from the Comprehensive TEX Archive Network (http://www.ctan.org/).

ContentsContents 1 Introduction 1.1 Document Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Frequently Requested Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Body-text symbols A Table 1: L TEX 2 Escapable Special Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A Table 2: Predened L TEX 2 Text-mode Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A X 2 Commands Dened to Work in Both Math and Text Mode Table 3: L TE Table 4: AMS Commands Dened to Work in Both Math and Text Mode . . Table 5: Non-ASCII Letters (Excluding Accented Letters) . . . . . . . . . . . Table 6: Letters Used to Typeset African Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 7: Letters Used to Typeset Vietnamese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 8: Punctuation Marks Not Found in OT1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 9: pifont Decorative Punctuation Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 10: tipa Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 11: tipx Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 12: wsuipa Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 13: wasysym Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 14: phonetic Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 15: t4phonet Phonetic Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 16: semtrans Transliteration Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 17: Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 18: tipa Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 19: extraipa Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 20: wsuipa Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 21: phonetic Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 22: metre Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 23: t4phonet Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 24: arcs Text-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 25: semtrans Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 26: ogonek Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 27: combelow Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 17

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The original version of this document was written by David Carlisle, with several additional tables provided by Alexander Holt. See Section 8.8 on page 118 for more information about who did what.

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wsuipa Diacritics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . textcomp Diacritics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . textcomp Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . marvosym Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . wasysym Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . C in h A2e Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . teubner Currency Symbols . . . . . . . . . . eurosym Euro Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fourier Euro Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . textcomp Legal Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . cclicenses Creative Commons License Icons . textcomp Old-style Numerals . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous textcomp Symbols . . . . . . . Miscellaneous wasysym Text-mode Symbols

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18 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 27 28 29 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 31 31 32 32 32 33 34 35 36 36 36 36

Mathematical symbols Table 42: Math-Mode Versions of Text Symbols . . . . . Table 43: cmll Unary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 44: Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 45: AMS Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 46: stmaryrd Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . Table 47: wasysym Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . Table 48: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Operators . . . . . . . Table 49: mathabx Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . Table 50: MnSymbol Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . Table 51: mathdesign Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . Table 52: cmll Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 53: shue Binary Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 54: ulsy Geometric Binary Operators . . . . . . . Table 55: mathabx Geometric Binary Operators . . . . . Table 56: MnSymbol Geometric Binary Operators . . . . Table 57: Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . . . Table 58: AMS Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . Table 59: stmaryrd Variable-sized Math Operators . . . Table 60: wasysym Variable-sized Math Operators . . . Table 61: mathabx Variable-sized Math Operators . . . Table 62: txfonts/pxfonts Variable-sized Math Operators Table 63: esint Variable-sized Math Operators . . . . . . Table 64: MnSymbol Variable-sized Math Operators . . Table 65: mathdesign Variable-sized Math Operators . . Table 66: cmll Large Math Operators . . . . . . . . . . Table 67: Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 68: AMS Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 69: AMS Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . . . Table 70: stmaryrd Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . Table 71: wasysym Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . Table 72: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Relations . . . . . . . . Table 73: txfonts/pxfonts Negated Binary Relations . . . Table 74: mathabx Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . Table 75: mathabx Negated Binary Relations . . . . . . Table 76: MnSymbol Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . Table 77: MnSymbol Negated Binary Relations . . . . . Table 78: mathtools Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . Table 79: turnstile Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 80: trsym Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 81: trfsigns Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 82: cmll Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 83: colonequals Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . 2

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fourier Binary Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . . . . . AMS Subset and Superset Relations . . . . . stmaryrd Subset and Superset Relations . . . . wasysym Subset and Superset Relations . . . . txfonts/pxfonts Subset and Superset Relations mathabx Subset and Superset Relations . . . . MnSymbol Subset and Superset Relations . . Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wasysym Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . txfonts/pxfonts Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . mathabx Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Inequalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . stmaryrd Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . mathabx Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Triangle Relations . . . . . . . . . Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . textcomp Text-mode Arrows . . . . . . . . . . AMS Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stmaryrd Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . txfonts/pxfonts Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . mathabx Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mathabx Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . mathabx Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Negated Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Harpoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Negated Harpoons . . . . . . . . . harpoon Extensible Harpoons . . . . . . . . . chemarrow Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fge Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Spoons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Pitchforks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Smiles and Frowns . . . . . . . . . ulsy Contradiction Symbols . . . . . . . . . . Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stmaryrd Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . txfonts/pxfonts Extension Characters . . . . . mathabx Extension Characters . . . . . . . . . Log-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Log-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . C in h A2e Number Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . txfonts/pxfonts Upright Greek Letters . . . . . upgreek Upright Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . fourier Variant Greek Letters . . . . . . . . . . txfonts/pxfonts Variant Latin Letters . . . . . AMS Hebrew Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Hebrew Letters . . . . . . . . . . . Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . .

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txfonts/pxfonts Letter-like Symbols . . . . . mathabx Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . trfsigns Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . mathdesign Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . fge Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . fourier Letter-like Symbols . . . . . . . . . . AMS Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stmaryrd Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mathabx Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nath Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . . . . . Large, Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . AMS Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . stmaryrd Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . mathabx Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . MnSymbol Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . mathdesign Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . nath Variable-sized Delimiters (Double) . . . nath Variable-sized Delimiters (Triple) . . . fourier Variable-sized Delimiters . . . . . . . textcomp Text-mode Delimiters . . . . . . . metre Text-mode Delimiters . . . . . . . . . Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . fge Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . . . yhmath Math-mode Accents . . . . . . . . . Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . overrightarrow Extensible Accents . . . . . . yhmath Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . AMS Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . mathtools Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . mathabx Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . fourier Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . esvect Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . undertilde Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . ushort Extensible Accents . . . . . . . . . . AMS Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . mathtools Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . chemarr Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . chemarrow Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . extarrows Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . extpfeil Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . . DotArrow Extensible Arrows . . . . . . . . . trfsigns Extensible Transform Symbols . . . holtpolt Non-commutative Division Symbols Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wasysym Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mathdots Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yhmath Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . teubner Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mathcomp Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . marvosym Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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52 52 52 52 52 53 53 53 53 53 53 54 54 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 57 57 57 58 58 58 58 59 59 59 59 60 60 60 60 61 61 61 61 62 62 62 62 63 63 63 63 63 64 64 64 64 64 64 65 65

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198: 199: 200: 201: 202: 203: 204: 205: 206: 207: 208: 209: 210: 211: 212: 213:

fge Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dozenal Base-12 Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mathabx Mayan Digits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A Miscellaneous L TEX 2 Math Symbols . . . . . . Miscellaneous AMS Math Symbols . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous wasysym Math Symbols . . . . . . Miscellaneous txfonts/pxfonts Math Symbols . . . Miscellaneous mathabx Math Symbols . . . . . . Miscellaneous MnSymbol Math Symbols . . . . . Miscellaneous Internal MnSymbol Math Symbols Miscellaneous textcomp Text-mode Math Symbols Miscellaneous marvosym Math Symbols . . . . . . Miscellaneous fge Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous mathdesign Math Symbols . . . . . Miscellaneous arev Math Symbols . . . . . . . . . Math Alphabets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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65 65 65 65 66 66 66 66 66 67 67 67 67 67 67 68 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 71 71 71 71 71 72 72 72 73 73 73 73 74 74 74 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 77 77 77

Science and technology symbols Table 214: gensymb Symbols Dened to Work in Both Math and Text Table 215: wasysym Electrical and Physical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . Table 216: ifsym Pulse Diagram Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 217: ar Aspect Ratio Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 218: textcomp Text-mode Science and Engineering Symbols . . Table 219: steinmetz Extensible Phasor Symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 220: wasysym Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 221: marvosym Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 222: mathabx Astronomical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 223: wasysym APL Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 224: wasysym APL Modiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 225: marvosym Computer Hardware Symbols . . . . . . . . . . Table 226: keystroke Computer Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 227: ascii Control Characters (CP437) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 228: milstd Logic Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 229: marvosym Communication Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 230: marvosym Engineering Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 231: wasysym Biological Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 232: marvosym Biological Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 233: marvosym Safety-related Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 234: feyn Feynman Diagram Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dingbats Table 235: Table 236: Table 237: Table 238: Table 239: Table 240: Table 241: Table 242: Table 243: Table 244: Table 245: Table 246: Table 247: Table 248: Table 249: Table 250: Table 251:

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bbding Arrows . . . . . . . . pifont Arrows . . . . . . . . universal Arrows . . . . . . . marvosym Scissors . . . . . . bbding Scissors . . . . . . . pifont Scissors . . . . . . . . dingbat Pencils . . . . . . . bbding Pencils and Nibs . . pifont Pencils and Nibs . . . dingbat Fists . . . . . . . . . bbding Fists . . . . . . . . . pifont Fists . . . . . . . . . . fourier Fists . . . . . . . . . bbding Crosses and Plusses . pifont Crosses and Plusses . bbding Xs and Check Marks pifont Xs and Check Marks

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wasysym Xs and Check Marks . . . . . . . universal Xs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pifont Circled Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . wasysym Stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bbding Stars, Flowers, and Similar Shapes pifont Stars, Flowers, and Similar Shapes . fourier Ornaments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wasysym Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . MnSymbol Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . ifsym Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . bbding Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . pifont Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . . universa Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . universal Geometric Shapes . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous dingbat Dingbats . . . . . . Miscellaneous bbding Dingbats . . . . . . . Miscellaneous pifont Dingbats . . . . . . .

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77 77 77 77 78 78 78 78 79 79 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 81 81 81 82 82 85 85 85 86 86 86 87 87 88 88 88 88 88 88 89 89 89 89 90 90 90 90 90 90 91 91 91 91 92 92 92 92 92 93

Ancient languages Table 269: phaistos Symbols from the Phaistos Disk . . . . . . Table 270: protosem Proto-Semitic Characters . . . . . . . . . Table 271: hieroglf Hieroglyphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 272: linearA Linear A Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 273: linearb Linear B Basic and Optional Letters . . . . Table 274: linearb Linear B Numerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 275: linearb Linear B Weights and Measures . . . . . . . Table 276: linearb Linear B Ideograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 277: linearb Unidentied Linear B Symbols . . . . . . . Table 278: cypriot Cypriot Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 279: sarabian South Arabian Letters . . . . . . . . . . . Table 280: teubner Archaic Greek Letters and Greek Numerals Other symbols Table 281: textcomp Genealogical Symbols . Table 282: wasysym General Symbols . . . . Table 283: wasysym Circles . . . . . . . . . . Table 284: wasysym Musical Symbols . . . . Table 285: arev Musical Symbols . . . . . . . Table 286: harmony Musical Symbols . . . . Table 287: harmony Musical Accents . . . . . Table 288: manfnt Dangerous Bend Symbols Table 289: Miscellaneous manfnt Symbols . . Table 290: marvosym Navigation Symbols . . Table 291: marvosym Laundry Symbols . . . Table 292: marvosym Information Symbols . Table 293: Other marvosym Symbols . . . . . Table 294: Miscellaneous universa Symbols . Table 295: Miscellaneous universal Symbols . Table 296: Miscellaneous fourier Symbols . . Table 297: ifsym Weather Symbols . . . . . . Table 298: ifsym Alpine Symbols . . . . . . . Table 299: ifsym Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 300: Other ifsym Symbols . . . . . . . Table 301: clock Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 302: epsdice Dice . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 303: hhcount Dice . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 304: hhcount Tally Markers . . . . . . Table 305: skull Symbols . . . . . . . . . . .

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306: 307: 308: 309: 310: 311: 312: 313: 314: 315: 316: 317: 318: 319: 320:

Non-Mathematical mathabx Symbols . . . skak Chess Informator Symbols . . . . . . skak Chess Pieces and Chessboard Squares igo Go Stones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . metre Metrical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . metre Small and Large Metrical Symbols . teubner Metrical Symbols . . . . . . . . . . dictsym Dictionary Symbols . . . . . . . . simpsons Characters from The Simpsons . pmboxdraw Box-Drawing Symbols . . . . . staves Magical Staves . . . . . . . . . . . . pigpen Cipher Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . C in h A2e Phases of the Moon . . . . . . . . Other C in h A2e Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . recycle Recycling Symbols . . . . . . . . .

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93 93 94 94 95 95 95 96 96 97 97 98 98 98 99 100 100 100 100 112 113 114 117 118 121 122 123

Additional Information 8.1 Symbol Name Clashes . . . . . . . . 8.2 Resizing symbols . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 Where can I nd the symbol for . . . ? 8.4 Math-mode spacing . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 Bold mathematical symbols . . . . . 8.6 ASCII and Latin 1 quick reference . 8.7 Unicode characters . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 About this document . . . . . . . . . 8.9 Copyright and license . . . . . . . .

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References Index

7

1

Introduction

A A Welcome to the Comprehensive L TEX Symbol List! This document strives to be your primary source of L TEX A symbol information: font samples, L TEX commands, packages, usage details, caveatseverything needed to put thousands of dierent symbols at your disposal. All of the fonts covered herein meet the following criteria:

1. They are freely available from the Comprehensive TEX Archive Network (http://www.ctan.org).A 2. All of their symbols have L TEX 2 bindings. That is, a user should be able to access a symbol by name, not just by \char number . A These are not particularly limiting criteria; the Comprehensive L TEX Symbol List contains samples of 5913 A symbolsquite a large number. Some of these symbols are guaranteed to be available in every L TEX 2 system; others require fonts and packages that may not accompany a given distribution and that therefore need to be installed. See http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=instpackages+wherefiles for help with installing new fonts and packages.

1.1

Document Usage

Each section of this document contains a number of font tables. Each table shows a set of symbols, with the A corresponding L TEX command to the right of each symbol. A tables caption indicates what package needs to be loaded in order to access that tables symbols. For example, the symbols in Table 39, textcomp Old-Style Numerals, are made available by putting \usepackage{textcomp} in your documents preamble. AMS means to use the AMS packages, viz. amssymb and/or amsmath. Notes below a table provide additional information about some or all the symbols in that table. One note that appears a few times in this document, particularly in Section 2, indicates that certain symbols do not exist in the OT1 font encoding (Donald Knuths original, 7-bit font encoding, which is the A default font encoding for L TEX) and that you should use fontenc to select a dierent encoding, such as T1 (a common 8-bit font encoding). That means that you should put \usepackage[ encoding ]{fontenc} in your documents preamble, where encoding is, e.g., T1 or LY1. To limit the change in font encoding to the current group, use \fontencoding{ encoding }\selectfont. Section 8 contains some additional information about the symbols in this document. It discusses how certain mathematical symbols can vary in height, shows which symbol names are not unique across packages, gives examples of how to create new symbols out of existing symbols, explains how symbols are spaced in A math mode, compares various schemes for boldfacing symbols, presents L TEX ASCII and Latin 1 tables, shows how to input and output Unicode characters, and provides some information about this document itself. A The Comprehensive L TEX Symbol List ends with an index of all the symbols in the document and various additional useful terms.

1.2

Frequently Requested Symbols

There are a number of symbols that are requested over and over again on comp.text.tex. If youre looking for such a symbol the following list will help you nd it quickly. , as in Spaces are signicant. ` etc. (versus ` and , , , , , , i, ) e ........ ........ 9 14 18 18 19 20 27 30 31 38 .. . .............................. .............. ........................ ...................... 64 67 68 68 68

, as in 180 or 15 L, F, etc.

............................... .............................. ...................... .............................. .............................. ............................... and and ......................... .........................

N, Z, R, etc.r

, , and

...............................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 107

, `, etc. (i.e., several accents per character) a e , and | (instead of , , and ) and (or )

. . . . . . 114

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

8

2

Body-text symbols

This section lists symbols that are intended for use in running text, such as punctuation marks, accents, ligatures, and currency symbols.

A Table 1: L TEX 2 Escapable Special Characters

$

\$

%

\%

\_

}

\}

&

\&

#

\#

{

\{

The underscore package redenes _ to produce an underscore in text mode (i.e., it makes it unnecessary to escape the underscore character).

A Table 2: Predened L TEX 2 Text-mode Commands

c

\ | { } $ ... >

\textasciicircum \textasciitilde \textasteriskcentered \textbackslash \textbar \textbraceleft \textbraceright \textbullet \textcopyright \textdagger \textdaggerdbl \textdollar \textellipsis \textemdash \textendash \textexclamdown \textgreater

a o

rTM

<

\textless \textordfeminine \textordmasculine \textparagraph \textperiodcentered \textquestiondown \textquotedblleft \textquotedblright \textquoteleft \textquoteright \textregistered \textsection \textsterling \texttrademark \textunderscore \textvisiblespace

A Where two symbols are present, the left one is the faked symbol that L TEX 2 provides by default, and the right one is the true symbol that textcomp makes available.

\^{} and \~{} can be used instead of \textasciicircum and \textasciitilde. See the discussion of on page 115. Its generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.

A Table 3: L TEX 2 Commands Dened to Work in Both Math and Text Mode

$

\$ \P \S

c

\_ \copyright \dag

...

\ddag \dots \pounds

{ }

\{ \}


9

Table 4: AMS Commands Dened to Work in Both Math and Text Mode \checkmark \circledR \maltese

Table 5: Non-ASCII Letters (Excluding Accented Letters) a A

\aa \AA \AE \ae

\DH \dh \DJ \dj

L l

\L \l \NG \ng

\o \O \OE \oe

SS

\ss \SS \TH \th

Not available in the OT1 font encoding. Use the fontenc package to select an alternate font encoding, such as T1.

\B{D} \B{d} \B{H} \B{h} \B{t} \B{T} \m{b} \m{B} \m{C}

Table 6: Letters Used to Typeset African Languages \m{c} \m{D} \M{d} \M{D} \m{d} \m{E} \m{e} \M{E} \M{e}

\m{f} \m{F} \m{G} \m{g} \m{I} \m{i} \m{J} \m{j} \m{K}

\m{k} \m{N} \m{n} \m{o} \m{O} \m{P} \m{p} \m{s} \m{S}

\M{t} \M{T} \m{t} \m{T} \m{u} \m{U} \m{Y} \m{y} \m{z}

\m{Z} \T{E} \T{e} \T{O} \T{o}

These characters all need the T4 font encoding, which is provided by the fc package.

\m{v} and \m{V} are synonyms for \m{u} and \m{U}.

Table 7: Letters Used to Typeset Vietnamese \OHORN \ohorn \UHORN \uhorn

These characters all need the T5 font encoding, which is provided by the vntex package.

Table 8: Punctuation Marks Not Found in OT1 \guillemotleft \guillemotright \guilsinglleft \guilsinglright \quotedblbase \quotesinglbase " \textquotedbl

To get these symbols, use the fontenc package to select an alternate font encoding, such as T1.

Table 9: pifont Decorative Punctuation Marks \ding{123} \ding{124} d \ding{125} \ding{126} e f 10 \ding{161} \ding{162} g \ding{163}

Table 10: tipa Phonetic Symbols b c d g 1 8 0 B \textbabygamma \textbarb \textbarc \textbard \textbardotlessj \textbarg \textbarglotstop \textbari \textbarl \textbaro \textbarrevglotstop \textbaru \textbeltl \textbeta \textbullseye \textceltpal \textchi \textcloseepsilon \textcloseomega \textcloserevepsilon \textcommatailz \textcorner \textcrb \textcrd \textcrg \textcrh \textcrinvglotstop \textcrlambda \textcrtwo \textctc \textctd \textctdctzlig \textctesh \textctj \textctn \textctt \textcttctclig \textctyogh \textctz \textdctzlig \textdoublebaresh \textdoublebarpipe \textdoublebarslash \textdoublepipe \textdoublevertline \textdownstep \textdyoghlig \textdzlig \textepsilon P ; # H K : M _ O % F | " 7 \ 9 3 Q \textglotstop \texthalflength \texthardsign \texthooktop \texthtb \texthtbardotlessj \texthtc \texthtd \texthtg \texthth \texththeng \texthtk \texthtp \texthtq \texthtrtaild \texthtscg \texthtt \texthvlig \textinvglotstop \textinvscr \textiota \textlambda \textlengthmark \textlhookt \textlhtlongi \textlhtlongy \textlonglegr \textlptr \textltailm \textltailn \textltilde \textlyoghlig \textObardotlessj \textOlyoghlig \textomega \textopencorner \textopeno \textpalhook \textphi \textpipe \textprimstress \textraiseglotstop \textraisevibyi \textramshorns \textrevapostrophe \textreve \textrevepsilon \textrevglotstop \textrevyogh $ @ I A g V Y tC T 5 4 W 6 2 L U \textrtailn \textrtailr \textrtails \textrtailt \textrtailz \textrthook \textsca \textscb \textsce \textscg \textsch \textschwa \textsci \textscj \textscl \textscn \textscoelig \textscomega \textscr \textscripta \textscriptg \textscriptv \textscu \textscy \textsecstress \textsoftsign \textstretchc \texttctclig \textteshlig \texttheta \textthorn \texttoneletterstem \texttslig \textturna \textturncelig \textturnh \textturnk \textturnlonglegr \textturnm \textturnmrleg \textturnr \textturnrrtail \textturnscripta \textturnt \textturnv \textturnw \textturny \textupsilon \textupstep

^ g 2 C J C d S } = / { dz E

(continued on next page)

11

(continued from previous page)

S R G

\textesh \textfishhookr \textg \textgamma \textglobfall \textglobrise

~

\textrhookrevepsilon \textrhookschwa \textrhoticity \textrptr \textrtaild \textrtaill

Z

\textvertline \textvibyi \textvibyy \textwynn \textyogh

tipa denes shortcut characters for many of the above. It also denes a command \tone for denoting tone letters (pitches). See the tipa documentation for more information.

Table 11: tipx Phonetic Symbols " B . D 2 % & @ ) H G 7 5 ( ? T U V , 0 4 \textaolig \textbenttailyogh \textbktailgamma \textctinvglotstop \textctjvar \textctstretchc \textctstretchcvar \textctturnt \textdblig \textdoublebarpipevar \textdoublepipevar \textdownfullarrow \textfemale \textfrbarn \textfrhookd \textfrhookdvar \textfrhookt \textfrtailgamma \textglotstopvari \textglotstopvarii \textglotstopvariii \textgrgamma \textheng \texthmlig 3 ; p ! I # < 1 > 6 9 F = v z * + : / \texthtbardotlessjvar \textinvomega \textinvsca \textinvscripta \textlfishhookrlig \textlhookfour \textlhookp \textlhti \textlooptoprevesh \textnrleg \textObullseye \textpalhooklong \textpalhookvar \textpipevar \textqplig \textrectangle \textretractingvar \textrevscl \textrevscr \textrhooka \textrhooke \textrhookepsilon \textrhookopeno \textrtailhth q r s t w x y $ P Q R S E u { C A 8 \textrthooklong \textscaolig \textscdelta \textscf \textsck \textscm \textscp \textscq \textspleftarrow \textstretchcvar \textsubdoublearrow \textsubrightarrow \textthornvari \textthornvarii \textthornvariii \textthornvariv \textturnglotstop \textturnsck \textturnscu \textturnthree \textturntwo \textuncrfemale \textupfullarrow

12

Table 12: wsuipa Phonetic Symbols

3 9 F ` e C Y c ' 5 Q x @ e

\babygamma \barb \bard \bari \barl \baro \barp \barsci \barscu \baru \clickb \clickc \clickt \closedniomega \closedrevepsilon \crossb \crossd \crossh \crossnilambda \curlyc \curlyesh \curlyyogh \curlyz \dlbari \dz \ejective

V " w h ) 6 7 & 4 D d 8 s S q u 2

\eng \er \esh \eth \flapr \glotstop \hookb \hookd \hookg \hookh \hookheng \hookrevepsilon \hv \inva \invf \invglotstop \invh \invlegr \invm \invr \invscr \invscripta \invv \invw \invy \ipagamma

R G T i I $ 1 A P b g y U d a # f % 0

\labdentalnas \latfric \legm \legr \lz \nialpha \nibeta \nichi \niepsilon \nigamma \niiota \nilambda \niomega \niphi \nisigma \nitheta \niupsilon \nj \oo \openo \reve \reveject \revepsilon \revglotstop \scd \scg

! B X t ( r H W p v f E

\schwa \sci \scn \scr \scripta \scriptg \scriptv \scu \scy \slashb \slashc \slashd \slashu \taild \tailinvr \taill \tailn \tailr \tails \tailt \tailz \tesh \thorn \tildel \yogh

Table 13: wasysym Phonetic Symbols D \DH \Thorn \dh \inve \openo \thorn

Table 14: phonetic Phonetic Symbolsj w n x 4 s d p

\barj \barlambda \emgma \engma \enya \epsi \esh \eth \fj

f c f h k u h

\flap \glottal \hausaB \hausab \hausad \hausaD \hausak \hausaK \hookd

i

h m r

\ibar \openo \planck \pwedge \revD \riota \rotm \rotOmega \rotr

e w y e p

uu q

\rotvara \rotw \roty \schwa \thorn \ubar \udesc \vara \varg

i g

v h x

\vari \varomega \varopeno \vod \voicedh \yogh

13

Table 15: t4phonet Phonetic Symbols \textcrd \textcrh \textepsilon \textesh \textfjlig \texthtb \texthtc

\texthtd \texthtk \texthtp \texthtt \textiota \textltailn \textopeno

|

\textpipe \textrtaild \textrtailt \textschwa \textscriptv \textteshlig \textyogh

The idea behind the t4phonet packages phonetic symbols is to provide an interface to some of the characters in the T4 font encoding (Table 6 on page 10) but using the same names as the tipa characters presented in Table 10 on page 11.

Table 16: semtrans Transliteration Symbols \Alif \Ayn

Table 17: Text-mode Accents a A a A Aa a A a A \"{A}\"{a} \{A}\{a} \.{A}\.{a} \={A}\={a} \^{A}\^{a} Aa

`a A`

a A

a A Aa Aa

\{A}\{a} \|{A}\|{a} \~{A}\~{a} \b{A}\b{a} \c{A}\c{a} Aa

Aa .. a A

a A

\d{A}\d{a} \G{A}\G{a} \h{A}\h{a} \H{A}\H{a} \k{A}\k{a}

a A Aa a A a A

a A

\r{A}\r{a} \t{A}\t{a} \u{A}\u{a} \U{A}\U{a} \v{A}\v{a}

\newtie{A}\newtie{a}

\textcircled{A}\textcircled{a}

Requires the textcomp package. Not available in the OT1 font encoding. Use the fontenc package to select an alternate font encoding, such as T1. Requires the T4 font encoding, provided by the fc package. Requires the T5 font encoding, provided by the vntex package.

Also note the existence of \i and \j, which produce dotless versions of i and j (viz., and ). These are useful when the accent is supposed to replace the dot in encodings that need to composite (i.e., combine) letters and accents. For example, na\"{\i}ve always produces a correct na ve, while na\"{i}ve yields the rather odd-looking na ive when using the OT1 font encoding and older A A versions of L TEX. Font encodings other than OT1 and newer versions of L TEX properly typeset na\"{i}ve as na ve.

14

Table 18: tipa Text-mode Accents a A a A Aa A< > Aa a A

\textsubw{A}\textsubw{a} \textsubwedge{A}\textsubwedge{a} \textsuperimposetilde{A}\textsuperimposetilde{a} \textsyllabic{A}\textsyllabic{a} \texttildedot{A}\texttildedot{a} \texttoptiebar{A}\texttoptiebar{a} \textvbaraccent{A}\textvbaraccent{a}

tipa denes shortcut sequences for many of the above. See the tipa documentation for more information.

Table 19: extraipa Text-mode Accents Aa a A .. .. a A a A Aa Aa Aa Aa Aa A a \bibridge{A}\bibridge{a} \crtilde{A}\crtilde{a} \dottedtilde{A}\dottedtilde{a} \doubletilde{A}\doubletilde{a} \finpartvoice{A}\finpartvoice{a} \finpartvoiceless{A}\finpartvoiceless{a} \inipartvoice{A}\inipartvoice{a} \inipartvoiceless{A}\inipartvoiceless{a} \overbridge{A}\overbridge{a} \partvoice{A}\partvoice{a} A a A a A a Aa ^^ Aa Aa "" "" Aa Aa Aa \partvoiceless{A}\partvoiceless{a} \sliding{A}\sliding{a} \spreadlips{A}\spreadlips{a} \subcorner{A}\subcorner{a} \subdoublebar{A}\subdoublebar{a} \subdoublevert{A}\subdoublevert{a} \sublptr{A}\sublptr{a} \subrptr{A}\subrptr{a} \whistle{A}\whistle{a}

Table 20: wsuipa Text-mode Accents Aa gg Aa \dental{A}\dental{a} \underarch{A}\underarch{a}

Table 21: phonetic Text-mode Accents Aa{ {

\hill{A}\hill{a} \od{A}\od{a} \ohill{A}\ohill{a}

Aa Aa A.. .. a

\rc{A}\rc{a} \syl{A}\syl{a} \td{A}\td{a}

Aa { { Aa

Aa

\ut{A}\ut{a}

The phonetic package provides a few additional macros for linguistic accents. \acbar and \acarc compose characters with multiple accents; for example, \acbar{\}{a} produces and \acarc{\"}{e} produces . \labvel joins a e two characters with an arc: \labvel{mn} mn. \upbar is intended to go between characters as in x\upbar{}y x y. Lastly, \uplett behaves like \textsuperscript but uses a smaller font. Contrast p\uplett{h} ph with p\textsuperscript{h} ph . 16

Table 22: metre Text-mode Accents Aa Aa Aa Aa `` Aa Aa \acutus{A}\acutus{a} \breve{A}\breve{a} \circumflexus{A}\circumflexus{a} \diaeresis{A}\diaeresis{a} \gravis{A}\gravis{a} \macron{A}\macron{a}

a A Aa a A

Table 23: t4phonet Text-mode Accents \textdoublegrave{A}\textdoublegrave{a} \textvbaraccent{A}\textvbaraccent{a} \textdoublevbaraccent{A}\textdoublevbaraccent{a}

The idea behind the t4phonet packages text-mode accents is to provide an interface to some of the accents in the T4 font encoding (accents marked with in Table 17 on page 14) but using the same names as the tipa accents presented in Table 18 on page 15.

Table 24: arcs Text-mode Accents Aa \overarc{A}\overarc{a} Aa \underarc{A}\underarc{a}

The accents shown above scale only to a few characters wide. An optional macro argument alters the eective width of the accented characters. See the arcs documentation for more information.

Table 25: semtrans Accents Aa \D{A}\D{a} aA Aa Aa ,, Aa \U{A}\U{a}

\T{A}\T{a}

\T is not actually an accent but a command that rotates its argument 180 using the graphicx packages \rotatebox command.

Table 26: ogonek Accents \k{A}\k{a}

Table 27: combelow Accents \cb{A}\cb{a}

\cb places a comma above letters with descenders. Hence, while \cb{s} produces s, \cb{g} produces g. , 17

Table 28: wsuipa Diacritics

s k u m p

\ain \corner \downp \downt \halflength

v n q { z

\leftp \leftt \length \midtilde \open

x ~ w o i

\overring \polishhook \rightp \rightt \secstress

h j r y |

\stress \syllabic \underdots \underring \undertilde

} t l

\underwedge \upp \upt

The wsuipa package denes all of the above as ordinary characters, not as accents. However, it does provide \diatop and \diaunder commands, which are used to compose diacritics with other characters. For example, \diatop[\overring|a] produces x, and \diaunder[\underdots|a] produces r. See the wsuipa doca a umentation for more information.

Table 29: textcomp Diacritics \textacutedbl \textasciiacute \textasciibreve \textasciicaron \textasciidieresis \textasciigrave \textasciimacron \textgravedbl

The textcomp package denes all of the above as ordinary characters, not as accents.

Table 30: textcomp Currency Symbols \textbaht \textcent \textcentoldstyle \textcolonmonetary \textcurrency

$

\textdollar \textdollaroldstyle \textdong \texteuro \textflorin

\textguarani \textlira \textnaira \textpeso \textsterling

\textwon \textyen

Its generally preferable to use the corresponding symbol from Table 3 on page 9 because the symbols in that table work properly in both text mode and math mode.

Table 31: marvosym Currency Symbols \Denarius \Ecommerce e d \EUR \EURcr D c \EURdig \EURhv e \EURtm \EyesDollar \Pfund \Shilling

The dierent euro signs are meant to be visually compatible with dierent fonts Courier (\EURcr), Helvetica (\EURhv), Times Roman (\EURtm), and the marvosym digits listed in Table 197 (\EURdig). The mathdesign package redenes \texteuro to be visually compatible with one of three additional fonts: Utopia ( ), Charter ( ), or Garamond ( ).

Table 32: wasysym Currency Symbols \cent 18 \currency

Table 33: C in h A2e Currency Symbols

\Euro

\Pound

Table 34: teubner Currency Symbols \denarius \dracma \hemiobelion \stater \tetartemorion

Table 35: eurosym Euro Signs A C \geneuro B C \geneuronarrow C C \geneurowide e \officialeuro

\euro is automatically mapped to one of the aboveby default, \officialeuro based on a eurosym package option. See the eurosym documentation for more information. The \geneuro. . . characters are generated from the current body fonts C character and therefore may not appear exactly as shown.

Table 36: fourier Euro Signs \eurologo \texteuro

Table 37: textcomp Legal Symbols \textcircledP \textcopyleft c r \textcopyright \textregisteredTM

\textservicemark \texttrademark

A Where two symbols are present, the left one is the faked symbol that L TEX 2 provides by default, and the right one is the true symbol that textcomp makes available. See http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=tradesyms for solutions to common problems that occur when using these symbols (e.g., getting a r when you expected to get a ).

Table 38: cclicenses Creative Commons License Icons\CC

\cc

BY:

\ccby

$

=

\ccnd

These symbols utilize the rotating package and therefore display improperly in some DVI viewers.

19

C

\ccnc

\ccsa

Table 39: textcomp Old-style Numerals \textzerooldstyle \textoneoldstyle \texttwooldstyle \textthreeoldstyle \textfouroldstyle \textfiveoldstyle \textsixoldstyle \textsevenoldstyle \texteightoldstyle \textnineoldstyle

Rather than use the bulky \textoneoldstyle, \texttwooldstyle, etc. commands shown above, consider using \oldstylenums{. . .} to typeset an old-style number.

Table 40: Miscellaneous textcomp Symbols \textasteriskcentered \textbardbl \textbigcircle \textblank \textbrokenbar \textbullet \textdagger \textdaggerdbl \textdblhyphen \textdblhyphenchar \textdiscount \textestimated \textinterrobang \textinterrobangdown \textmusicalnote \textnumero \textopenbulleta o

'

\textordfeminine \textordmasculine \textparagraph \textperiodcentered \textpertenthousand \textperthousand \textpilcrow \textquotesingle \textquotestraightbase \textquotestraightdblbase \textrecipe \textreferencemark \textsection \textthreequartersemdash \texttildelow \texttwelveudash



Table 41: Miscellaneous wasysym Text-mode Symbols \permil

20

3

Mathematical symbols

Most, but not all, of the symbols in this section are math-mode only. That is, they yield a Missing $ inserted error message if not used within $. . .$, \[. . .\], or another math-mode environment. Operators marked as variable-sized are taller in displayed formulas, shorter in in-text formulas, and possibly shorter still when used in various levels of superscripts or subscripts. Alphanumeric symbols (e.g., L and ) are usually produced using one of the math alphabets in Table 213 rather than with an explicit symbol command. Look there rst if you need a symbol for a transform, number set, or some other alphanumeric. Although there have been many requests on comp.text.tex for a contradiction symbol, the ensuing discussion invariably reveals innumerable ways to represent contradiction in a proof, including (\blitza), (\Rightarrow\Leftarrow), (\bot), (\nleftrightarrow), and (\textreferencemark). Because of the lack of notational consensus, it is probably better to spell out Contradiction! than to use a symbol for this purpose. Similarly, discussions on comp.text.tex have revealed that there are a variety of ways to indicate the mathematical notion of is dened as. Common candidates include (\triangleq), def (\equiv), (various 1 ), and = (\stackrel{\text{\tiny def}}{=}). See also the example of \equalsfill on page 108. Depending upon the context, disjoint union may be represented as (\coprod), (\sqcup), (\dotcup), (\oplus), or any of a number of other symbols.2 Finally, the average value of a variable x is written by some people as x (\overline{x}), by some people as x (\langle x \rangle), and by some people as x or x (\diameter x or \varnothing x). The moral of the story is that you should be careful always to explain your notation to avoid confusing your readers.

Table 42: Math-Mode Versions of Text Symbols $ ... \mathdollar \mathellipsis \mathparagraph \mathsection \mathsterling \mathunderscore


Table 43: cmll Unary Operators !

\oc \shift

\shneg \shpos

?

\wn

\oc and \wn dier from ! and ? in terms of their math-mode spacing: $A=!B$ produces A =!B, for example, while $A=\oc B$ produces A = !B.

1 In txfonts, pxfonts, and mathtools the symbol is called \coloneqq. In mathabx and MnSymbol its called \coloneq. In colonequals its called \colonequals. 2 Bob Tennent listed these and other disjoint-union symbol possibilities in a November 2007 post to comp.text.tex.

21

Table 44: Binary Operators \amalg \ast \bigcirc \bigtriangledown \bigtriangleup \bullet \cap \cdot \circ \cup \dagger \ddagger \diamond \div \lhd \mp \odot \ominus \ \oplus \oslash \otimes \pm \rhd \setminus \sqcap \sqcup \star \times \triangleleft \triangleright \unlhd \unrhd \uplus \vee \wedge \wr

A Not predened in L TEX 2 . Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.

Table 45: AMS Binary Operators \barwedge \boxdot \boxminus \boxplus \boxtimes \Cap \centerdot \circledast

\circledcirc \circleddash \Cup \curlyvee \curlywedge \divideontimes \dotplus \doublebarwedge

\intercal \leftthreetimes \ltimes \rightthreetimes \rtimes \smallsetminus \veebar

Some people use a superscripted \intercal for matrix transpose: A^\intercal A . (See the May 2009 comp.text.tex thread, raising math symbols, for suggestions about altering the height of the superscript.) \top (Table 139 on page 51), T, and \mathsf{T} are other popular choices: A , AT , AT .

Table 46: stmaryrd Binary Operators \baro \bbslash \binampersand \bindnasrepma \boxast \boxbar \boxbox \boxbslash \boxcircle \boxdot \boxempty \boxslash \curlyveedownarrow \curlyveeuparrow \curlywedgedownarrow \curlywedgeuparrow \fatbslash \fatsemi \fatslash \interleave \leftslice \merge \minuso \moo \nplus \obar \oblong \obslash \ogreaterthan \olessthan \ovee \owedge \rightslice \sslash \talloblong \varbigcirc \varcurlyvee \varcurlywedge 22 \varoast \varobar \varobslash \varocircle \varodot \varogreaterthan \varolessthan \varominus \varoplus \varoslash \varotimes \varovee \varowedge \vartimes \Ydown \Yleft \Yright \Yup

Table 47: wasysym Binary Operators \lhd \LHD \ocircle \rhd \RHD \unlhd \unrhd

Table 48: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Operators \circledbar \circledbslash \circledvee \circledwedge \invamp \medbullet \medcirc \sqcapplus \sqcupplus

Table 49: mathabx Binary Operators

y

\ast \Asterisk \barwedge \bigstar \bigvarstar \blackdiamond \cap \circplus \coasterisk \coAsterisk \convolution \cup \curlyvee

x

\curlywedge \divdot \divideontimes \dotdiv \dotplus \dottimes \doublebarwedge \doublecap \doublecup \ltimes \pluscirc \rtimes \sqbullet

\sqcap \sqcup \sqdoublecap \sqdoublecup \square \squplus \udot \uplus \varstar \vee \veebar \veedoublebar \wedge

Many of the above glyphs go by multiple names. \centerdot is equivalent to \sqbullet, and \ast is equivalent to *. \asterisk produces the same glyph as \ast, but as an ordinary symbol, not a binary operator. Similarly, \bigast produces a large-operator version of the \Asterisk binary operator, and \bigcoast produces a large-operator version of the \coAsterisk binary operator.

Table 50: MnSymbol Binary Operators \amalg \ast \backslashdiv \bowtie \bullet \cap \capdot \capplus \cdot \circ \doublesqcup \doublevee \doublewedge \downtherefore \downY \dtimes \fivedots \hbipropto \hdotdot \lefthalfcap \righttherefore \rightthreetimes \rightY \rtimes \slashdiv \smallprod \sqcap \sqcapdot \sqcapplus \sqcup


23


\closedcurlyvee \closedcurlywedge \cup \cupdot \cupplus \curlyvee \curlyveedot \curlywedge \curlywedgedot \ddotdot \diamonddots \div \dotmedvert \dotminus \doublecap \doublecup \doublecurlyvee \doublecurlywedge \doublesqcap

+

\lefthalfcup \lefttherefore \leftthreetimes \leftY \ltimes \medbackslash \medcircle \medslash \medvert \medvertdot \minus \minusdot \mp \neswbipropto \nwsebipropto \plus \pm \righthalfcap \righthalfcup

\sqcupdot \sqcupplus \squaredots \times \udotdot \uptherefore \upY \utimes \vbipropto \vdotdot \vee \veedot \vertbowtie \vertdiv \wedge \wedgedot \wreath

MnSymbol denes \setminus and \smallsetminus as synonyms \medbackslash; \Join as a synonym for \bowtie; \wr as a synonym \wreath; \shortmid as a synonym for \medvert; \Cap as a synonym \doublecap; \Cup as a synonym for \doublecup; and, \uplus as a synonym \cupplus.

for for for for

Table 51: mathdesign Binary Operators \dtimes \udtimes \utimes

The mathdesign package additionally provides versions of each of the binary operators shown in Table 45 on page 22.

Table 52: cmll Binary Operators `

\parr

&

\with

\with diers from & in terms of its math-mode spacing: $A \& B$ produces A&B, for example, while $A \with B$ produces A & B.

Table 53: shue Binary Operators

\cshuffle

\shuffle

Table 54: ulsy Geometric Binary Operators

\odplus 24

f n k e g d h

Table 55: mathabx Geometric Binary Operators \blacktriangledown \blacktriangleleft \blacktriangleright \blacktriangleup \boxasterisk \boxbackslash \boxbot \boxcirc \boxcoasterisk \boxdiv \boxdot \boxleft \boxminus \boxplus

i m j o lf n k e g d h

\boxright \boxslash \boxtimes \boxtop \boxtriangleup \boxvoid \oasterisk \obackslash \obot \ocirc \ocoasterisk \odiv \odot \oleft

i m j o l

\ominus \oplus \oright \oslash \otimes \otop \otriangleup \ovoid \smalltriangledown \smalltriangleleft \smalltriangleright \smalltriangleup

Table 56: MnSymbol Geometric Binary Operators \boxbackslash \boxbox \boxdot \boxminus \boxplus \boxslash \boxtimes \boxvert \diamondbackslash \diamonddiamond \diamonddot \diamondminus \diamondplus \diamondslash \diamondtimes \diamondvert \downslice \filleddiamond \filledmedsquare \filledmedtriangledown \filledmedtriangleleft \filledmedtriangleright \filledmedtriangleup \filledsquare \filledstar \filledtriangledown \filledtriangleleft \filledtriangleright \filledtriangleup \meddiamond \medsquare \medstar \medtriangledown \medtriangleleft \medtriangleright \medtriangleup \oast \obackslash \ocirc \odot \ominus \oplus \oslash \ostar \otimes \otriangle \overt \pentagram \smalldiamond \smallsquare \smallstar \smalltriangledown \smalltriangleleft \smalltriangleright \smalltriangleup \thinstar \upslice

MnSymbol denes \blacksquare as a synonym for \filledmedsquare; \square and \Box as synonyms for \medsquare; \diamond as a synonym for \smalldiamond; \Diamond as a synonym for \meddiamond; \star as a synonym for \thinstar; \circledast as a synonym for \oast; \circledcirc as a synonym for \ocirc; and, \circleddash as a synonym for \ominus.

Table 57: Variable-sized Math Operators \bigcap \bigcup \bigodot \bigoplus \bigotimes \bigsqcup \biguplus \bigvee 25 \bigwedge \coprod \int \oint \prod \sum

Table 58: AMS Variable-sized Math Operators \iint \iiiint \iiint \idotsint

Table 59: stmaryrd Variable-sized Math Operators \bigbox \bigcurlyvee \bigcurlywedge \biginterleave \bignplus \bigparallel \bigsqcap \bigtriangledown \bigtriangleup

Table 60: wasysym Variable-sized Math Operators \int \varint \iint \varoint \iiint \oiint

None of the preceding symbols are dened when wasysym is passed the nointegrals option.

Not dened when wasysym is passed the integrals option. Dened only when wasysym is passed the integrals option. Otherwise, the default A L TEX \int glyph (as shown in Table 57) is used.

Table 61: mathabx Variable-sized Math Operators

\bigcurlyvee \bigsqcap \bigcurlywedge \bigboxasterisk

\bigboxslash \bigboxtimes \bigboxtop \bigboxtriangleup

\bigoright \bigoslash \bigotop \bigotriangleup


26


\bigboxbackslash \bigboxbot \bigboxcirc \bigboxcoasterisk \bigboxdiv \bigboxdot \bigboxleft \bigboxminus \bigboxplus \bigboxright

\bigboxvoid \bigcomplementop \bigoasterisk \bigobackslash \bigobot \bigocirc \bigocoasterisk \bigodiv \bigoleft \bigominus

\bigovoid \bigplus \bigsquplus \bigtimes \iiint \iint \int \oiint \oint

Table 62: txfonts/pxfonts Variable-sized Math Operators

\bigsqcapplus \bigsqcupplus \fint \idotsint \iiiint \iiint

\ointclockwise \ointctrclockwise \sqiiint \sqiint \sqint \varoiiintclockwise


27


\iint \oiiintclockwise \oiiintctrclockwise \oiiint \oiintclockwise \oiintctrclockwise \oiint

\varoiiintctrclockwise \varoiintclockwise \varoiintctrclockwise \varointclockwise \varointctrclockwise \varprod

Table 63: esint Variable-sized Math Operators % # \iiiint \iiint \iint & \landdownint $ \landupint \oiint \dotsint \fint ! \sqiint \sqint " \varoiint \varointclockwise \varointctrclockwise \ointclockwise \ointctrclockwise

28

Table 64: MnSymbol Variable-sized Math Operators

\bigcap \bigcapdot \bigcapplus \bigcircle \bigcup \bigcupdot \bigcupplus \bigcurlyvee \bigcurlyveedot \bigcurlywedge \bigcurlywedgedot \bigdoublecurlyvee \bigdoublecurlywedge \bigdoublevee \bigdoublewedge \bigoast \bigobackslash \bigocirc \bigodot

\bigominus \bigoplus \bigoslash \bigostar \bigotimes \bigotriangle \bigovert \bigplus \bigsqcap \bigsqcapdot \bigsqcapplus \bigsqcup \bigsqcupdot \bigsqcupplus \bigtimes \bigvee \bigveedot \bigwedge \bigwedgedot

\complement \coprod \idotsint \iiiint \iiint \iint \int \landdownint \landupint \lcircleleftint \lcirclerightint \oiint \oint \prod \rcircleleftint \rcirclerightint \strokedint \sum \sumint

MnSymbol denes \biguplus as a synonym for \bigcupplus.

29

Table 65: mathdesign Variable-sized Math Operators \intclockwise \ointclockwise

\oiiint

\ointctrclockwise

\oiint

The mathdesign package provides three versions of each integralin fact, of every symbolto accompany dierent text fonts: Utopia ( ), Garamond ( ), and Charter ( ).

Table 66: cmll Large Math Operators \bigparr \bigwith

Table 67: Binary Relations \approx \asymp \bowtie \cong \dashv \doteq \equiv \frown \Join \mid \models \parallel \perp \prec \preceq \propto \sim \simeq \smile \succ \succeq \vdash

| |=

A Not predened in L TEX 2 . Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, mathabx, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.

The dierence between \mid and | is that the former is a binary relation while A the latter is a math ordinal. Consequently, L TEX typesets the two with dierent surrounding spacing. Contrast P(A | B) P (A|B) with P(A \mid B) P (A | B).

Table 68: AMS Binary Relations \approxeq \backepsilon \backsim \backsimeq \because \between \Bumpeq \bumpeq \circeq \curlyeqprec \curlyeqsucc \doteqdot \eqcirc \fallingdotseq \multimap \pitchfork \precapprox \preccurlyeq \precsim \risingdotseq \shortmid \shortparallel \smallfrown \smallsmile 30 \succapprox \succcurlyeq \succsim \therefore \thickapprox \thicksim \varpropto \Vdash \vDash \Vvdash

Table 69: AMS Negated Binary Relations \ncong \nmid \nparallel \nprec \npreceq \nshortmid \nshortparallel \nsim \nsucc \nsucceq \nvDash \nvdash \nVDash \precnapprox \precnsim \succnapprox \succnsim

Table 70: stmaryrd Binary Relations \inplus \niplus

Table 71: wasysym Binary Relations \invneg \Join \leadsto \logof \wasypropto

Table 72: txfonts/pxfonts Binary Relations \circledgtr \circledless \colonapprox \Colonapprox \coloneq \Coloneq \Coloneqq \coloneqq \Colonsim \colonsim \Eqcolon \eqcolon \eqqcolon \Eqqcolon \eqsim

\lJoin \lrtimes \multimap \multimapboth \multimapbothvert \multimapdot \multimapdotboth \multimapdotbothA \multimapdotbothAvert \multimapdotbothB \multimapdotbothBvert \multimapdotbothvert \multimapdotinv \multimapinv \openJoin

\opentimes \Perp \preceqq \precneqq \rJoin \strictfi \strictif \strictiff \succeqq \succneqq \varparallel \varparallelinv \VvDash

As an alternative to using txfonts/pxfonts, a := symbol can be constructed with \mathrel{\mathop:}=.

Table 73: txfonts/pxfonts Negated Binary Relations \napproxeq \nasymp \nbacksim \nbacksimeq \nbumpeq \nBumpeq \nequiv \nprecapprox \npreccurlyeq \npreceqq \nprecsim \nsimeq \nsuccapprox \nsucccurlyeq \nsucceqq \nsuccsim 31 \nthickapprox \ntwoheadleftarrow \ntwoheadrightarrow \nvarparallel \nvarparallelinv \nVdash

2 % # & ! ) AA

Table 74: mathabx Binary Relations \between \botdoteq \Bumpedeq \bumpedeq \circeq \coloneq \corresponds \curlyeqprec \curlyeqsucc \DashV \Dashv \dashVv#

$ ' "

E

\divides \dotseq \eqbumped \eqcirc \eqcolon \fallingdotseq \ggcurly \llcurly \precapprox \preccurlyeq \precdot \precsim

T @ D

@ D

\risingdotseq \succapprox \succcurlyeq \succdot \succsim \therefore \topdoteq \vDash \Vdash \VDash \Vvdash

Table 75: mathabx Negated Binary Relations' )

C G 9

C G$ 0 1 %

\napprox \ncong \ncurlyeqprec \ncurlyeqsucc \nDashv \ndashV \ndashv \nDashV \ndashVv \neq \notasymp \notdivides \notequiv

w

& (

\notperp \nprec \nprecapprox \npreccurlyeq \npreceq \nprecsim \nsim \nsimeq \nsucc \nsuccapprox \nsucccurlyeq \nsucceq \nsuccsim

B

BF 8

F

\nvDash \nVDash \nVdash \nvdash \nVvash \precnapprox \precneq \precnsim \succnapprox \succneq \succnsim

The \changenotsign command toggles the behavior of \not to produce either a vertical or a diagonal slash through a binary operator. Thus, $a \not= b$ can be made to produce either a = b or a = b.

Table 76: MnSymbol Binary Relations \approx \approxeq \backapprox \backapproxeq \backcong \backeqsim \backsim \backsimeq \backtriplesim \between \eqbump \eqcirc \eqdot \eqsim \equal \equalclosed \equiv \equivclosed \fallingdotseq \hateq \nwfootline \nwfree \nwmodels \nwModels \nwsecrossing \nwseline \Nwseline \nwvdash \nwVdash \prec \seVdash \shortparallel \sim \simeq \succ \succapprox \succcurlyeq \succeq \succsim \swfootline

=


32


=

\bumpeq \Bumpeq \circeq \closedequal \closedprec \closedsucc \coloneq \cong \curlyeqprec \curlyeqsucc \doteq \Doteq \downfootline \downfree \downmodels \downModels \downpropto \downvdash \downVdash

\hcrossing \leftfootline \leftfree \leftmodels \leftModels \leftpropto \leftrightline \Leftrightline \leftslice \leftvdash \leftVdash \nefootline \nefree \nemodels \neModels \neswline \Neswline \nevdash \neVdash

\precapprox \preccurlyeq \preceq \precsim \rightfootline \rightfree \rightmodels \rightModels \rightpropto \rightslice \rightvdash \rightVdash \risingdotseq \sefootline \sefree \semodels \seModels \separated \sevdash

\swfree \swmodels \swModels \swvdash \swVdash \triplesim \updownline \Updownline \upfootline \upfree \upmodels \upModels \uppropto \upvdash \upVdash \vcrossing \Vvdash

MnSymbol additionally denes synonyms for some of the preceding symbols: \dashv \diagdown \diagup \divides \doteqdot \models \parallel \perp \propto \relbar \Relbar \varpropto \vDash \VDash \vdash \Vdash (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as \leftvdash) \nwseline) \neswline) \updownline) \Doteq) \rightmodels) \Updownline) \upvdash) \leftpropto) \leftrightline) \Leftrightline) \leftpropto) \rightmodels) \rightModels) \rightvdash) \rightVdash)

Table 77: MnSymbol Negated Binary Relations \napprox \napproxeq \nbackapprox \nbackapproxeq \nbackcong \nbackeqsim \nbacksim \neqsim \nequal \nequalclosed \nequiv \nequivclosed \neswcrossing \nfallingdotseq \nnwModels \nnwseline \nNwseline \nnwvdash \nnwVdash \nprec \nprecapprox \nsucc \nsuccapprox \nsucccurlyeq \nsucceq \nsuccsim \nswfootline \nswfree


33


\nbacksimeq \nbacktriplesim \nbumpeq \nBumpeq \ncirceq \nclosedequal \ncong \ncurlyeqprec \ncurlyeqsucc \ndoteq \nDoteq \ndownfootline \ndownfree \ndownmodels \ndownModels \ndownvdash \ndownVdash \neqbump \neqcirc \neqdot

\nhateq \nleftfootline \nleftfree \nleftmodels \nleftModels \nleftrightline \nLeftrightline \nleftvdash \nleftVdash \nnefootline \nnefree \nnemodels \nneModels \nneswline \nNeswline \nnevdash \nneVdash \nnwfootline \nnwfree \nnwmodels

\npreccurlyeq \npreceq \nprecsim \nrightfootline \nrightfree \nrightmodels \nrightModels \nrightvdash \nrightVdash \nrisingdotseq \nsefootline \nsefree \nsemodels \nseModels \nsevdash \nseVdash \nshortmid \nshortparallel \nsim \nsimeq

\nswmodels \nswModels \nswvdash \nswVdash \ntriplesim \nupdownline \nUpdownline \nupfootline \nupfree \nupmodels \nupModels \nupvdash \nupVdash \precnapprox \precnsim \succnapprox \succnsim

MnSymbol additionally denes synonyms for some of the preceding symbols: \ndashv \ndiagdown \ndiagup \ndivides \ne \neq \nmid \nmodels \nparallel \nperp \nrelbar \nRelbar \nvDash \nvdash \nVdash \nVDash (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as \nleftvdash) \nnwseline) \nneswline) \nupdownline) \nequal) \nequal) \nupdownline) \nrightmodels) \nUpdownline) \nupvdash) \nleftrightline) \nLeftrightline) \nrightmodels) \nrightvdash) \nrightVdash) \nrightModels)

Table 78: mathtools Binary Relations :: : := ::= :: \Colonapprox \colonapprox \coloneqq \Coloneqq \Coloneq : : :: :: : \coloneq \colonsim \Colonsim \dblcolon \eqcolon :: =: =:: \Eqcolon \eqqcolon \Eqqcolon

Similar symbols can be dened using mathtoolss \vcentcolon, which produces a colon centered on the fonts math axis:

=:= =:=

vs.

=: ==\vcentcolon= 34

Table 79: turnstile Binary Relationsdef abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc

\dddtstile{abc}{def} \ddststile{abc}{def} \ddtstile{abc}{def} \ddttstile{abc}{def} \dndtstile{abc}{def} \dnststile{abc}{def} \dntstile{abc}{def} \dnttstile{abc}{def} \dsdtstile{abc}{def} \dsststile{abc}{def} \dststile{abc}{def} \dsttstile{abc}{def} \dtdtstile{abc}{def} \dtststile{abc}{def} \dttstile{abc}{def} \dtttstile{abc}{def} \nddtstile{abc}{def} \ndststile{abc}{def} \ndtstile{abc}{def} \ndttstile{abc}{def} \nndtstile{abc}{def} \nnststile{abc}{def}

def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc

def

\nntstile{abc}{def} \nnttstile{abc}{def} \nsdtstile{abc}{def} \nsststile{abc}{def} \nststile{abc}{def} \nsttstile{abc}{def} \ntdtstile{abc}{def} \ntststile{abc}{def} \nttstile{abc}{def} \ntttstile{abc}{def} \sddtstile{abc}{def} \sdststile{abc}{def} \sdtstile{abc}{def} \sdttstile{abc}{def} \sndtstile{abc}{def} \snststile{abc}{def} \sntstile{abc}{def} \snttstile{abc}{def} \ssdtstile{abc}{def} \ssststile{abc}{def} \sststile{abc}{def} \ssttstile{abc}{def}

abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc def abc

\stdtstile{abc}{def} \stststile{abc}{def} \sttstile{abc}{def} \stttstile{abc}{def} \tddtstile{abc}{def} \tdststile{abc}{def} \tdtstile{abc}{def} \tdttstile{abc}{def} \tndtstile{abc}{def} \tnststile{abc}{def} \tntstile{abc}{def} \tnttstile{abc}{def} \tsdtstile{abc}{def} \tsststile{abc}{def} \tststile{abc}{def} \tsttstile{abc}{def} \ttdtstile{abc}{def} \ttststile{abc}{def} \tttstile{abc}{def} \ttttstile{abc}{def}

Each of the above takes an optional argument that controls the size of the upper and lower expressions. See the turnstile documentation for more information.

35

Table 80: trsym Binary Relations \InversTransformHoriz \InversTransformVert \TransformHoriz \TransformVert

Table 81: trfsigns Binary Relations.. ..

.. ..

\dfourier \fourier \laplace \ztransf

.. ..

.. ..

\Dfourier \Fourier \Laplace \Ztransf

Table 82: cmll Binary Relations \coh \incoh \scoh \sincoh

Table 83: colonequals Binary Relations : :: : :: :: ::= \approxcolon \approxcoloncolon \colonapprox \coloncolon \coloncolonapprox \coloncolonequals :: :: := : : =: \coloncolonminus \coloncolonsim \colonequals \colonminus \colonsim \equalscolon =:: : :: : : :: \equalscoloncolon \minuscolon \minuscoloncolon \ratio \simcolon \simcoloncolon

Table 84: fourier Binary Relations \nparallelslant \parallelslant

Table 85: Subset and Superset Relations \sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset

\sqsupseteq \subset \subseteq

\supset \supseteq

A Not predened in L TEX 2 . Use one of the packages latexsym, amsfonts, amssymb, mathabx, txfonts, pxfonts, or wasysym.

Table 86: AMS Subset and Superset Relations \nsubseteq \nsupseteq \nsupseteqq \sqsubset \sqsupset \Subset \subseteqq \subsetneq \subsetneqq \Supset \supseteqq \supsetneq 36 \supsetneqq \varsubsetneq \varsubsetneqq \varsupsetneq \varsupsetneqq

Table 87: stmaryrd Subset and Superset Relations \subsetplus \subsetpluseq \supsetplus \supsetpluseq

Table 88: wasysym Subset and Superset Relations \sqsubset \sqsupset

Table 89: txfonts/pxfonts Subset and Superset Relations \nsqsubset \nsqsubseteq \nsqsupset \nsqsupseteq \nSubset \nsubseteqq \nSupset

Table 90: mathabx Subset and Superset Relations \nsqsubset \nsqSubset \nsqsubseteq \nsqsubseteqq \nsqsupset \nsqSupset \nsqsupseteq \nsqsupseteqq \nsubset \nSubset \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq

\nsupset \nSupset \nsupseteq \nsupseteqq \sqsubset \sqSubset \sqsubseteq \sqsubseteqq \sqsubsetneq \sqsubsetneqq \sqSupset \sqsupset

\sqsupseteq \sqsupseteqq \sqsupsetneq \sqsupsetneqq \subset \Subset \subseteq \subseteqq \subsetneq \subsetneqq \supset \Supset

\supseteq \supseteqq \supsetneq \supsetneqq \varsqsubsetneq \varsqsubsetneqq \varsqsupsetneq \varsqsupsetneqq \varsubsetneq \varsubsetneqq \varsupsetneq \varsupsetneqq

Table 91: MnSymbol Subset and Superset Relations \nSqsubset \nsqsubset \nsqsubseteq \nsqsubseteqq \nSqsupset \nsqsupset \nsqsupseteq \nsqsupseteqq \nSubset \nsubset \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \nSupset \nsupset \nsupseteq \nsupseteqq \Sqsubset \sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsubseteqq \sqsubsetneq \sqsubsetneqq \Sqsupset \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqsupseteqq \sqsupsetneq \sqsupsetneqq \Subset \subset \subseteq \subseteqq \subsetneq \subsetneqq \Supset \supset \supseteq \supseteqq \supsetneq \supsetneqq

MnSymbol additionally denes \varsubsetneq as a synonym for \subsetneq, \varsubsetneqq as a synonym for \subsetneqq, \varsupsetneq as a synonym for \supsetneq, and \varsupsetneqq as a synonym for \supsetneqq.

Table 92: Inequalities \geq \gg \leq 37 \ll \neq

Table 93: AMS Inequalities \eqslantgtr \eqslantless \geqq \geqslant \ggg \gnapprox \gneq \gneqq \gnsim \gtrapprox \gtrdot \gtreqless \gtreqqless \gtrless \gtrsim \gvertneqq \leqq \leqslant \lessapprox \lessdot \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \lessgtr \lesssim \lll \lnapprox \lneq \lneqq \lnsim \lvertneqq \ngeq \ngeqq \ngeqslant \ngtr \nleq \nleqq \nleqslant \nless

Table 94: wasysym Inequalities \apprge \apprle

Table 95: txfonts/pxfonts Inequalities \ngg \ngtrapprox \ngtrless \ngtrsim \nlessapprox \nlessgtr \nlesssim \nll

Table 96: mathabx Inequalities 4

\eqslantgtr \eqslantless \geq \geqq \gg \ggg \gnapprox \gneq \gneqq \gnsim \gtrapprox \gtrdot

\gtreqless \gtreqqless \gtrless \gtrsim \gvertneqq \leq \leqq \lessapprox \lessdot \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \lessgtr

3

\lesssim \ll \lll \lnapprox \lneq \lneqq \lnsim \lvertneqq \neqslantgtr \neqslantless \ngeq \ngeqq

\ngtr \ngtrapprox \ngtrsim \nleq \nleqq \nless \nlessapprox \nlesssim \nvargeq \nvarleq \vargeq \varleq

mathabx denes \leqslant and \le as synonyms for \leq, \geqslant and \ge as synonyms for \geq, \nleqslant as a synonym for \nleq, and \ngeqslant as a synonym for \ngeq. 38

Table 97: MnSymbol Inequalities \eqslantgtr \eqslantless \geq \geqclosed \geqdot \geqq \geqslant \geqslantdot \gg \ggg \gnapprox \gneqq > \gnsim \gtr \gtrapprox \gtrclosed \gtrdot \gtreqless \gtreqlessslant < \gtreqqless \gtrless \gtrneqqless \gtrsim \leq \leqclosed \leqdot \leqq \leqslant \leqslantdot \less \lessapprox \lessclosed \lessdot \lesseqgtr \lesseqgtrslant \lesseqqgtr \lessgtr \lessneqqgtr \lesssim \ll \lll \lnapprox \lneqq \lnsim \neqslantgtr \neqslantless \ngeq \ngeqclosed \ngeqdot \ngeqq \ngeqslant \ngeqslantdot \ngg \nggg \ngtr \ngtrclosed \ngtrdot \ngtreqless \ngtreqlessslant \ngtreqqless \ngtrless \nleq \nleqclosed \nleqdot \nleqq \nleqslant \nleqslantdot \nless \nlessclosed \nlessdot \nlesseqgtr \nlesseqgtrslant \nlesseqqgtr \nlessgtr \nll \nlll

MnSymbol additionally denes synonyms for some of the preceding symbols: \gggtr \gvertneqq \lhd \llless \lvertneqq \ntrianglelefteq \ntriangleleft \ntrianglerighteq \ntriangleright \rhd \trianglelefteq \trianglerighteq \unlhd \unrhd \vartriangleleft \vartriangleright (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same (same as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as as \ggg) \gneqq) \lessclosed) \lll) \lneqq) \nleqclosed) \nlessclosed) \ngeqclosed) \ngtrclosed) \gtrclosed) \leqclosed) \geqclosed) \leqclosed) \geqclosed) \lessclosed) \gtrclosed)

Table 98: AMS Triangle Relations \blacktriangleleft \blacktriangleright \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq \trianglelefteq \triang

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