late 18 c : french economic advantages vnapoleonic code. vfrench communal law. ) free contracts )...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Late 18c: French Economic Advantages
Late 18c: French Economic AdvantagesV Napoleonic Code.V French communal law.
) Free contracts) Open markets) Uniform & clear commercial
regulationsV Standards weights & measures.V Established technical schools.V The government encouraged &
honored inventors & inventions.V Bank of France European
modelproviding a reliable currency.
![Page 3: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
French Economic Disadvantages
French Economic Disadvantages
V Years of war) Supported the American
Revolution.) French Revolution.) Early 19c Napoleonic Wars
V Heavy debts.V High unemployment soldiers
returning from the battlefronts.V French businessmen were afraid to
take risks.
![Page 4: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
That Nation of Shopkeepers! -- Napoleon Bonaparte
![Page 6: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Enclosure Movement
The Enclosure Movement
![Page 7: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
“Enclosed” Lands Today
“Enclosed” Lands Today
![Page 8: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Metals, Woolens, & Canals
Metals, Woolens, & Canals
![Page 9: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Early CanalsEarly Canals
Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure
![Page 10: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mine & Forge [1840-1880]
Mine & Forge [1840-1880]ù More powerful than water is
coal.
ù More powerful than wood is iron.
ù Innovations make steel feasible. * “Puddling” [1820] – “pig iron.” * “Hot blast” [1829] – cheaper, purer steel. * Bessemer process [1856] – strong, flexible steel.
![Page 11: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Coalfields & Industrial Areas
Coalfields & Industrial Areas
![Page 12: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
1800 1 ton of coal 50, 000 miners
1850 30 tons 200, 000 miners
1880300 million tons
500, 000 miners
1914250 million tons
1, 200, 000 miners
Coal Mining in Britain:
1800-1914
Coal Mining in Britain:
1800-1914
![Page 13: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Young Coal MinersYoung Coal Miners
![Page 14: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Child Labor in the Mines
Child Labor in the Mines
Child “hurriers”
Child “hurriers”
![Page 15: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
British Pig Iron Production
British Pig Iron Production
![Page 16: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Richard Arkwright:“Pioneer of the Factory
System”
Richard Arkwright:“Pioneer of the Factory
System”
The “Water Frame”
![Page 17: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Factory ProductionFactory Production) Concentrates production in
oneplace [materials, labor].
) Located near sources of power
[rather than labor or markets].
) Requires a lot of capital investment[factory, machines, etc.] morethan skilled labor.
) Only 10% of English industry in 1850.
![Page 18: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Textile FactoryWorkers in England
Textile FactoryWorkers in England
1813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers
1833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers
1850224, 000 looms
>1 million workers
![Page 19: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Factory SystemThe Factory System
Rigid schedule.
12-14 hour day.
Dangerous conditions.
Mind-numbing monotony.
![Page 20: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Textile FactoryWorkers in England
Textile FactoryWorkers in England
![Page 21: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Young “Bobbin-Doffers”
Young “Bobbin-Doffers”
![Page 22: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Jacquard’s LoomJacquard’s Loom
![Page 23: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle”
John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle”
![Page 25: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Power LoomThe Power Loom
![Page 26: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
James Watt’s Steam Engine
James Watt’s Steam Engine
![Page 27: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Steam TractorSteam Tractor
![Page 28: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Steam ShipSteam Ship
![Page 29: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
An Early Steam Locomotive
An Early Steam Locomotive
![Page 30: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Later LocomotivesLater Locomotives
![Page 31: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The Impact of the Railroad
The Impact of the Railroad
![Page 32: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Crystal Palace Exhibition: 1851Crystal Palace
Exhibition: 1851
Exhibitions of the new industrial utopia.
![Page 33: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Crystal Palace: Interior Exhibits
Crystal Palace: Interior Exhibits
![Page 34: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Crystal Palace:British Ingenuity on
Display
Crystal Palace:British Ingenuity on
Display
![Page 35: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Crystal Palace:American Pavilion
Crystal Palace:American Pavilion
![Page 36: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
19c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau
Riche
19c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau
Riche
![Page 38: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Criticism of the New Bourgeoisie
Criticism of the New Bourgeoisie
![Page 39: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Stereotype of the Factory Owner
Stereotype of the Factory Owner
![Page 40: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
“Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life
“Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life
![Page 41: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830
Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830
Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages
under 11 2s 3d. 2s. 4d.
11 - 16 4s. 1d. 4s. 3d.
17 - 21 10s. 2d. 7s. 3d.
22 - 26 17s. 2d. 8s. 5d.
27 - 31 20s. 4d. 8s. 7d.
32 - 36 22s. 8d. 8s. 9d.
37 - 41 21s. 7d. 9s. 8d.
42 - 46 20s. 3d. 9s. 3d.
47 - 51 16s. 7d. 8s. 10d.
52 - 56 16s. 4d. 8s. 4d.
57 - 61 13s. 6d. 6s. 4d.
![Page 43: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Industrial Staffordshire
Industrial Staffordshire
![Page 44: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
The New Industrial City
The New Industrial City
![Page 45: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Early-19c Londonby Gustave Dore
Early-19c Londonby Gustave Dore
![Page 46: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Worker Housing in Manchester
Worker Housing in Manchester
![Page 47: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Factory Workers at Home
Factory Workers at Home
![Page 48: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Workers Housing in Newcastle TodayWorkers Housing in Newcastle Today
![Page 49: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
The New Urban Poor:A Dickensian Nightmare!The New Urban Poor:A Dickensian Nightmare!
![Page 50: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Private Charities: Soup Kitchens
Private Charities: Soup Kitchens
![Page 51: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Private Charities: The “Lady Bountifuls”Private Charities:
The “Lady Bountifuls”
![Page 52: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
The Luddites: 1811-1816
The Luddites: 1811-1816
Ned Ludd [a mythical figure supposed to live in Sherwood Forest]
Attacks on the “frames” [power looms].
![Page 54: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
The Luddite TriangleThe Luddite Triangle
![Page 55: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
The LudditesThe Luddites
![Page 56: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
The Neo-Luddites Today
The Neo-Luddites Today
![Page 57: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
BritishSoldiers Fire on British
Workers:
Let us die like men, and not be sold
like slaves!
BritishSoldiers Fire on British
Workers:
Let us die like men, and not be sold
like slaves!
Peterloo Massacre, 1819
Peterloo Massacre, 1819
![Page 58: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
The Chartists
The Chartists
KeyKey
Chartistsettlements
Centres of Chartism
Area of plug riots, 1842
![Page 59: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
The “Peoples’ Charter”
The “Peoples’ Charter”V Drafted in 1838 by William Lovett.
V Radical campaign for Parliamentary reform of the inequalities created by the Reform Bill of 1832.
Votes for all men. Equal electoral districts. Abolition of the requirement
that Members of Parliament [MPs] be property owners.
Payment for Members of Parliament.
Annual general elections. The secret ballot.
![Page 60: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
The ChartistsThe Chartists
A physical force—Chartists arming for
the fight.
A female Chartist
![Page 61: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Anti-Corn Law League, 1845
Anti-Corn Law League, 1845
Give manufactures more outlets for their products.
Expand employment. Lower the price of bread. Make British agriculture more
efficient and productive. Expose trade and agriculture to
foreign competition. Promote international peace
through trade contact.
![Page 62: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Thomas MalthusThomas Malthus
Population growth willoutpace the food supply.
War, disease, or faminecould control population.
The poor should have
less children.
Food supply will then keep up with population.
![Page 64: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
David RicardoDavid Ricardo
“Iron Law of Wages.”
When wages are high,workers have morechildren.
More children create alarge labor surplus thatdepresses wages.
![Page 65: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
The Utilitarians:Jeremy Bentham & John
Stuart Mill
The Utilitarians:Jeremy Bentham & John
Stuart Mill The goal of society is the greatest good for the greatest number.
There is a role to play for government
intervention to provide some social safetynet.
![Page 66: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists
People as a society would operate and own themeans of production, not individuals.
Their goal was a society that benefited everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few.
Tried to build perfect communities [utopias].
![Page 67: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Government Response
Government Responsek Abolition of slavery in the
coloniesin 1832 [to raise wages in Britain].
k Sadler Commission to look intoworking conditions * Factory Act [1833] – child labor.
k New Poor Law [1834] – indoor relief. * Poor houses.
k Reform Bill [1832] – broadens thevote for the cities.
![Page 69: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
![Page 70: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
By 1850: Zones of
Industrializationon the European
Continent
By 1850: Zones of
Industrializationon the European
Continentù Northeast France.ù Belgium.ù The Netherlands.ù Western German states.ù Northern Italyù East Germany Saxony
![Page 71: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Industrialization By 1850Industrialization By 1850
![Page 72: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Railroads on the Continent
Railroads on the Continent
![Page 73: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
European Industrial Production
European Industrial Production
![Page 74: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Shares in World Trade:
Leading European Nations
Shares in World Trade:
Leading European Nations
![Page 75: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
The Politics of IndustrializationThe Politics of
Industrializationù State ownership of some industries.
) RRs Belgium & most of Germany.
ù Tariffs British Corn Laws.ù National Banks granted a monopoly
on issuing bank notes.) Bank of England.) Bank of France.
ù Companies required to register with the government & publish annual budgets.
ù New legislation to:) Establish limited liability.) Create rules for the formation of
corporations.ù Postal system.ù Free trade zones Ger. Zollverein
![Page 76: Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f0d5503460f94c20745/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Bibliographic Sources
Bibliographic Sources
) “Images of the Industrial Revolution.”Mt. Holyoke College. http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/ind_rev/images/images-ind-era.html
) “The Peel Web: A Web of English History.”http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/mbloy/c-eight/primary.htm