last updated 12 march 2020 - bundesbank
TRANSCRIPT
Afghanistan
Capital Kabul
Central bank Da Afghanistan Bank
Central bank's website http://www.centralbank.gov.af/
Currency Afghani
ISO currency code AFN
Subunits 100 puls
Currency circulation Afghanistan
Legacy currency Afghani
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
AFA
Conversion rate 1,000 afghani (old) = 1 afghani (new); with effect from 7 October 2002
Currency history 7 October 2002: Introduction of the new afghani (AFN); conversionrate: 1,000 afghani (old) = 1 afghani (new)
IMF membership Since 14 July 1955
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
22 March 1963 - 1973: Pegged to the US dollar 1973 - 1981: Independently floating 1981 - 31 December 2001: Pegged to the US dollar 1 January 2002 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 5 September 2010: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 6 September 2010 - 31 March 2011: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 April 2011 - 4 April 2017: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) 5 April 2017 - 3 May 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 4 May 2018: Other managed arrangement
Time series BBEX3.A.AFN.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.AFN.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.AFN.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.AFN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AFN.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.AFN.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.AFN.USD.CA.AC.A01
Albania
Capital Tirana
Central bank Bank of Albania
Central bank's website http://www.bankofalbania.org/
Currency Albanian lek
ISO currency code ALL
Subunits 100 qindarka
Currency circulation Albania
Legacy currency Albanian lek
Conversion rate 10 Albanian lek (old) = 1 Albanian lek (new); with effect from 16August 1965
Currency history 16 August 1965: Introduction of the new Albanian lek (ALL);conversion rate: 10 Albanian lek (old) = 1 Albanian lek (new)
IMF membership Since 15 October 1991
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
10 September 1991 - 30 June 1992: Pegged to a currency basket 1 July 1992 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating 30 April 2008 - 14 February 2009: Free floating (market-determinedwith intervention in exceptional cases only) Since 15 February 2009: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.ALL.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ALL.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.ALL.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.ALL.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.ALL.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ALL.USD.CA.AC.A01
Algeria
Capital Algiers
Central bank Banque d'Algerie
Central bank's website http://www.bank-of-algeria.dz/
Currency Algerian dinar
ISO currency code DZD
Subunits 100 centimes
Currency circulation Algeria
Legacy currency Algerian new franc
Conversion rate 1 Algerian new franc = 1 Algerian dinar; with effect from 10. April 1964
Currency history 1 January 1960: Introduction of the Algerian new franc; conversionrate: 100 Algerian franc = 1 Algerian new franc 10 April 1964: Introduction of the Algerian dinar (DZD); conversionrate: 1 Algerian new franc = 1 Algerian dinar
IMF membership Since 26 September 1963
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 September 1997
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
21 January 1974 - 30 September 1994: Pegged to a currency basket 1 October 1994 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 31 December 2008: Floating (market-determinedwith more frequent modes of intervention) 1 January 2009 - 14 June 2018: Other managed arrangement(oriented to a currency basket) Since 15 June 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate withan annual minimum rate of change) Algeria maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.DZD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.DZD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.DZD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.DZD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.DZD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.DZD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.DZD.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.DZD.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.DZD.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.DZD.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.DZD.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.DZD.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.DZD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.DZD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.DZD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.DZD.USD.CA.AA.A01
BBEX3.M.DZD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.DZD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Angola
Capital Luanda
Central bank Banco Nacional de Angola
Central bank's website https://www.bna.ao/
Currency Kwanza
ISO currency code AOA
Subunits 100 cêntimos
Currency circulation Angola
Legacy currency Readjusted kwanza
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
AOR
Conversion rate 1,000,000 readjusted kwanza = 1 kwanza; with effect from 13December 1999
Currency history 20 January 1954: Introduction of the Angolan escudo; conversion rate:1 Angolar = 1 Angolan escudo 8 January 1977: Introduction of the kwanza (AOK); conversion rate: 1Angolan escudo = 1 kwanza 1 October 1990: Introduction of the new kwanza (AON); conversionrate: 1 kwanza = 1 new kwanza 3 July 1995: Introduction of the readjusted kwanza (AOR); conversionrate: 1,000 new kwanza = 1 readjusted kwanza 13 December 1999: Introduction of the kwanza (AOA); conversionrate: 1,000,000 readjusted kwanza = 1 kwanza
IMF membership Since 19 September 1989
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
8 January 1977 - 24 April 1994: Pegged to the US dollar 25 April 1994 - 30 June 1996: Other managed floating 1 July 1996 - 29 September 1998: Pegged to the US dollar 30 September 1998 - 24 January 1999: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 25 January 1999 - 30 March 2001: Independently floating 31 March 2001 - 31 May 2005: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 June 2005 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 1 October 2009: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 2 October 2009 - 31 October 2010: Other managed arrangement 1 November 2010 - 16 September 2014: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 17 September 2014 - 4 June 2015: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 5 June 2015 - 14 April 2016: Other managed arrangement 15 April 2016 - 8 January 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation)
Since 9 January 2018: Other managed arrangement
Comment Independent (from Portugal) since 11 November 1975
Time series BBEX3.A.AOA.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AOA.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.AOA.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AOA.USD.CA.AC.A01
Antigua and Barbuda
Capital St John's
Central bank Eastern Caribbean Central Bank
Central bank's website https://www.eccb-centralbank.org/
Currency East Caribbean dollar
ISO currency code XCD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Dominica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts andNevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and (since 17July 1968) Grenada
Legacy currency British West Indies dollar
Conversion rate 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar; with effect from6 October 1965
Currency history 6 October 1965: Introduction of the East Caribbean dollar (XCD);conversion rate: 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar
IMF membership Since 25 February 1982
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
22 November 1983
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
6 October 1965 - 6 July 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling(Eastern Caribbean Currency Union) Since 7 July 1976: Pegged to the US dollar (Eastern CaribbeanCurrency Union)
Comment Antigua and Barbuda participates in the Eastern Caribbean CurrencyUnion. Independent since 1 November 1981 (formerly: British colony)
Time series BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Argentina
Capital Buenos Aires
Central bank Banco Central de la República Argentina
Central bank's website https://www.bcra.gob.ar/default.asp
Currency Argentine peso
ISO currency code ARS
Subunits 100 centavos
Currency circulation Argentina
Legacy currency Austral
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
ARA
Conversion rate 10 000 austral = 1 Argentine peso; with effect from 1 January 1992
Currency history 1 January 1970: Currency changeover from the Argentine peso (pesomoneda nacional) to the Argentine peso (peso; ISO code ARP) at therate of 100:1 1 June 1983: Currency changeover from the Argentine peso (peso)to the Argentine peso (peso argentino; ISO code ARP) at the rate of10,000:1 14 June 1985: Introduction of the austral (ARA); conversion rate:1,000 Argentine peso = 1 austral 1 January 1992: Introduction of the Argentine peso (ARS); conversionrate: 10,000 austral = 1 Argentine peso
IMF membership Since 20 September 1956
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
14 May 1968
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
31 July 1975 - 30 January 1976: Pegged to the US dollar 31 January 1976 - 11 May 1978: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 12 May 1978 - 5 July 1982: Independently floating 6 July 1982 - 10 December 1989: Other managed floating 11 December 1989 - 18 March 1991: Independently floating 19 March 1991 - 10 February 2002: Pegged to the US dollar 11 February 2002 - 31 May 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 June 2006 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 30 September 2008: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 October 2008 - 31 December 2009: Floating (market-determinedwith more frequent modes of intervention) 1 January 2010 - 16 December 2015: Crawl-like arrangement(moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change)
Since 17 December 2015: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.ARS.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ARS.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ARS.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ARS.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ARS.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ARS.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.ARS.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.ARS.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.ARS.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.ARS.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.ARS.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.ARS.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.ARS.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ARS.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ARS.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ARS.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ARS.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ARS.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ARS.EUR.CA.AA.A02 BBEX3.M.ARS.EUR.CA.AB.A02 BBEX3.M.ARS.EUR.CA.AC.A02 BBEX3.M.ARS.USD.CA.AA.A02 BBEX3.M.ARS.USD.CA.AB.A02 BBEX3.M.ARS.USD.CA.AC.A02
Armenia
Capital Yerevan
Central bank Central Bank of Armenia
Central bank's website http://www.cba.am
Currency Armenian dram
ISO currency code AMD
Subunits 100 luma
Currency circulation Armenia
Legacy currency Russian rouble
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
RUR
Conversion rate 200 Russian rouble = 1 Armenian dram; with effect from 22.November 1993
Currency history 22 November 1993: Introduction of the Armenian dram (AMD);conversion rate: 200 Russian rouble (RUR) = 1 Armenian dram
IMF membership Since 28 May 1992
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
29 May 1997
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
28 May 1992 - 21 November 1993: Use of the Soviet/Russian roubleas legal tender 22 November 1993 - 31 May 2006: Independently floating 1 June 2006 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with no predeterminedpath for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 30 June 2008: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) 1 July 2008 - 2 March 2009: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 3 March 2009 - 11 March 2013: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 12 March 2013 - 3 November 2014: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 4 November 2014 - 1 January 2017: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) Since 2 January 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate withina narrow band without any political obligation) Armenia maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.AMD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AMD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.AMD.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.AMD.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.AMD.EUR.CA.AC.A01
BBEX3.M.AMD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Aruba
Capital Oranjestad
Central bank Centrale Bank van Aruba
Central bank's website https://www.cbaruba.org/cba/home.do
Currency Aruban florin
ISO currency code AWG
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Aruba
Legacy currency Netherlands Antillean guilder
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
ANG
Conversion rate 1 Netherlands Antillean guilder = 1 Aruban florin; with effect from 1January 1986
Currency history 1 January 1986: Introduction of the Aruban florin (AWG); conversionrate: 1 Netherlands Antillean guilder = 1 Aruban florin
IMF membership Since 15 February 1961
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 February 1961
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Since June 1940: Pegged to the US dollar
Comment On 1 January 1986, Aruba obtained its status as an autonomouscountry within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Prior to this period,Aruba formed part of the Netherlands Antilles.
Time series BBEX3.A.AWG.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.AWG.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.AWG.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AWG.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.AWG.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.AWG.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.AWG.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.AWG.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.AWG.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AWG.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.AWG.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.AWG.USD.CA.AC.A01
Australia
Capital Canberra
Central bank Reserve Bank of Australia
Central bank's website http://www.rba.gov.au/
Currency Australian dollar
ISO currency code AUD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Australia, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Kiribati, Nauru, NorfolkIsland, Tuvalu
Legacy currency Australian pound
Conversion rate 1 Australian pound = 2 Australian dollars; with effect from 14 February1966
Currency history 14 February 1966: Introduction of the Australian dollar (AUD);conversion rate: 1 Australian pound = 2 Australian dollars
IMF membership Since 5 August 1947
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
1 July 1965
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
26 September 1974 - 28 November 1976: Pegged to a currencybasket 29 November 1976 - 11 December 1983: Flexibility limited vis-a-vis acurrency basket Since 12 December 1983: Independently floating
Time series BBEX3.A.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.AUD.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AUD.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.AUD.USD.CM.AC.000 BBEX3.M.AUD.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AUD.USD.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AUD.USD.CM.AC.A02
Austria
Capital Vienna
Central bank Oesterreichische Nationalbank
Central bank's website https://www.oenb.at/
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Schilling
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
ATS
Conversion rate 13.7603 schilling = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999
Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:13.7603 schilling = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from 2002onwards also in cash form)
IMF membership Since 27 August 1948
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
1 August 1962
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
29 March 1973 - 12 March 1979: Pegged to a currency basket(European common margins arrangement) 13 March 1979 - 8 January 1995: Pegged to a currency basket(European Monetary System) 9 January 1995 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)
Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999)
Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02
Azerbaijan
Capital Baku
Central bank Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Central bank's website http://www.cbar.az
Currency Azerbaijan manat
ISO currency code AZN
Subunits 100 qapik
Currency circulation Azerbaijan
Legacy currency Azerbaijan manat
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
AZM
Conversion rate 5,000 Azerbaijan manat (old) = 1 Azerbaijan manat (new); with effectfrom 1 January 2006
Currency history August 1992: Introduction of the Azerbaijan manat (AZM) in parallel tothe Soviet rouble (SUR) at the rate of 10 Soviet rouble = 1 Azerbaijanmanat Since 15 December 1993: Currency conversion from Russian rouble(RUR) to Azerbaijan manat at the rate of 10:1 1 January 1994: The Azerbaijan manat becomes the sole legaltender 1 January 2006: Introduction of the new Azerbaijan manat (AZN);conversion rate: 5,000 Azerbaijan manat (old) = 1 Azerbaijan manat(new)
IMF membership Since 18 September 1992
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
30 November 2004
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
18 October 1992 - 23 May 1994: Pegged to the Soviet/Russianrouble 24 May 1994 - 29 September 1998: Independently floating 30 September 1998 - 31 January 2005: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 February 2005 - 31 December 2005: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 1 January 2006 - 10 March 2008: Crawling peg (moving central ratewithout a band) 11 March 2008 - 29 April 2008: Exchange rates within a crawlingband 30 April 2008 - 31 May 2008: Other managed arrangement 1 June 2008 - 20 December 2015: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 21 December 2015 - 13 April 2017: Other managed arrangement Since 14 April 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation)
Azerbaijan maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the USdollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.AZN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AZN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.AZN.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.AZN.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.AZN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AZN.USD.CA.AC.A01
Bahamas
Capital Nassau
Central bank Central Bank of The Bahamas
Central bank's website https://www.centralbankbahamas.com/
Currency Bahamian dollar
ISO currency code BSD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Bahamas
Legacy currency Bahamas pound; 1 Bahamas pound = 20 shillings = 240 pence
Conversion rate 7 shillings = 1 Bahamian dollar; with effect from 25 May 1966
Currency history 25 May 1966: Introduction of the Bahamian dollar (BSD); conversionrate: 7 shillings = 1 Bahamian dollar
IMF membership Since 21 August 1973
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
5 December 1973
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
25 May 1966 - 1 February 1970: Pegged to the British pound sterling Since 2 February 1970: Pegged to the US dollar
Comment Independent since 10 July 1973 (formerly: British colony)
Time series BBEX3.A.BSD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BSD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BSD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BSD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BSD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BSD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BSD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BSD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BSD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BSD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BSD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BSD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Bahrain
Capital Manama
Central bank Central Bank of Bahrain
Central bank's website http://www.cbb.gov.bh/
Currency Bahraini dinar
ISO currency code BHD
Subunits 1,000 fils
Currency circulation Bahrain
Legacy currency Gulf rupee (parity in relation to the the Indian rupee)
Conversion rate 10 Gulf rupees = 1 Bahraini dinar; with effect from 16 October 1965
Currency history 16 October 1965: Introduction of the Bahraini dinar (BHD); conversionrate: 10 Gulf rupees = 1 Bahraini dinar
IMF membership Since 7 September 1972
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
20 March 1973
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
31 March 1973 - 25 January 1978: Pegged to the US dollar 26 January 1978 - 14 August 1978: Pegged to the SDR 15 August 1978 - 30 March 1999: Pegged exchange rate withinhorizontal bands Since 31 March 1999: Conventional peg (exchange rate guaranteebut no irrevocable parity)
Comment Independent since 14 August 1971
Time series BBEX3.A.BHD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BHD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BHD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BHD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Bangladesh
Capital Dhaka
Central bank Bangladesh Bank
Central bank's website https://www.bb.org.bd/index.php
Currency Taka
ISO currency code BDT
Subunits 100 poisha
Currency circulation Bangladesh
Legacy currency Pakistani rupee
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
PKR
Conversion rate 1 Pakistani rupee = 1 taka; with effect from 1 January 1972
Currency history 1 January 1972: Introduction of the taka (BDT); conversion rate: 1Pakistani rupee = 1 taka
IMF membership Since 17 August 1972
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
11 April 1994
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1 January 1972 - 12 August 1979: Pegged to the British poundsterling 13 August 1979 - 30 May 2003: Pegged to a currency basket 31 May 2003 - 31 December 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2007 - 29 April 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 30 April 2008 - 3 October 2010: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 4 October 2010 - 18 December 2011: Crawl-like arrangement(moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 19 December 2011 - 6 February 2013: Other managed arrangement 7 February 2013 - 9 January 2017: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 10 January 2017: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central ratewith an annual minimum rate of change) Bangladesh maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the USdollar.
Comment Independent (from Pakistan) since 26 March 1971.
Time series BBEX3.A.BDT.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BDT.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BDT.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BDT.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BDT.USD.CA.AB.A04
BBEX3.A.BDT.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BDT.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BDT.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BDT.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BDT.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BDT.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BDT.USD.CA.AC.A01
Barbados
Capital Bridgetown
Central bank Central Bank of Barbados
Central bank's website http://www.centralbank.org.bb/
Currency Barbados dollar
ISO currency code BBD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Barbados
Legacy currency East Caribbean dollar
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
XCD
Conversion rate 1 East Caribbean dollar = 1 Barbados dollar; with effect from 3December 1973
Currency history 6 October 1965: Introduction of the East Caribbean dollar (XCD);conversion rate: 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar 3 December 1973: Introduction of the Barbados dollar (BBD);conversion rate: 1 East Caribbean dollar = 1 Barbados dollar
IMF membership Since 29 December 1970
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
3 November 1993
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1949 - 4 July 1975: Pegged to the British pound sterling Since 5 July 1975: Pegged to the US dollar
Comment Independent since 30 November 1966 (formerly: British colony)
Time series BBEX3.A.BBD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BBD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BBD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BBD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BBD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BBD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BBD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BBD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BBD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BBD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BBD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BBD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Belarus
Capital Minsk
Central bank National Bank of the Republic of Belarus
Central bank's website http://www.nbrb.by
Currency Belarusian rouble
ISO currency code BYN
Subunits 100 kopecks
Currency circulation Belarus
Legacy currency Belarusian rouble
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
BYR
Conversion rate 10,000 Belarusian rouble (old) = 1 Belarusian rouble (new); with effectfrom 1 July 2016
Currency history 25 May 1992: Introduction of the Belarusian rouble (in the form of so-called zaichik coupons) in parallel to the Soviet rouble 20 August 1994: Introduction of the Belarusian rouble (BYB);conversion rate: 10 Belarusian rouble (zaichik coupons) = 1Belarusian rouble 1 January 2000: Introduction of the new Belarusian rouble (BYR);conversion rate: 1,000 Belarusian rouble (old) = 1 Belarusian rouble(new) 1 July 2016: Introduction of the new Belarusian rouble (BYN);conversion rate: 10,000 Belarusian rouble (old) = 1 Belarusian rouble(new)
IMF membership Since 10 July 1992
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
05 November 2001
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
25 May 1992 - 30 December 1993: Pegged to the Soviet/Russianrouble 31 December 1993 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 31 December 2000: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2001 - 31 December 2004: Exchange rates within acrawling band 1 January 2005 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 1 January 2009: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 2 January 2009 - 6 May 2010: Pegged exchange rate withinhorizontal bands 7 May 2010 - 23 May 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 24 May 2011 - 18 September 2012: Other managed arrangement
19 September 2012 - 8 January 2015: Crawl-like arrangement(moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 9 January 2015 - 31 July 2018: Other managed arrangement Since 1 August 2018: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.BYN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BYN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.BYN.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.BYN.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.BYN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BYN.USD.CA.AC.A01
Belgium
Capital Brussels
Central bank National Bank of Belgium
Central bank's website http://www.nbb.be
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Belgian franc
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
BEF
Conversion rate 40.3399 Belgian francs = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999
Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:40.3399 Belgian franc = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from2002 onwards also in cash form)
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 February 1961
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
24 April 1972 - 12 March 1979: Cooperative arrangement (Europeancommon margins arrangement) 13 March 1979 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)
Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999)
Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04
Belize (until the end of May 1973: British Honduras)
Capital Belmopan
Central bank Central Bank of Belize
Central bank's website https://www.centralbank.org.bz/
Currency Belize dollar
ISO currency code BZD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Belize
Legacy currency British Honduran dollar
Conversion rate 1 British Honduran dollar = 1 Belize dollar; with effect from 1 June1973
Currency history 1 June 1973: Introduction of the Belize dollar (BZD); conversion rate:1 British Honduran dollar = 1 Belize dollar
IMF membership Since 16 March 1982
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
14 June 1983
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1 June 1973 - 13 May 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling Since 14 May 1976: Pegged to the US dollar
Comment Independent since 21 September 1981 (formerly: British colony)
Time series BBEX3.A.BZD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BZD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BZD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BZD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BZD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BZD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BZD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BZD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BZD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BZD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BZD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BZD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Benin (until 29 November 1975: Dahomey)
Capital Porto-Novo; Seat of Government: Cotonou
Central bank Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO)
Central bank's website http://www.bceao.int
Currency CFA franc
ISO currency code XOF
Currency circulation Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger,Senegal, Togo
IMF membership Since 10 July 1963
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
01 June 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, West African Monetary Union; as of 1994, West AfricanEconomic and Monetary Union) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (West African Economicand Monetary Union)
Comment Member state of the West African Economic and Monetary Union(UEMOA = Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine) Independent since 1 August 1960
Time series BBEX3.A.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Bermuda
Capital Hamilton
Central bank Bermuda Monetary Authority
Central bank's website https://www.bma.bm/
Currency Bermudian dollar
ISO currency code BMD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Bermuda
Legacy currency Bermuda pound
Conversion rate 1 Bermuda pound = 2.40 Bermudian dollar; with effect from 6February 1970
Currency history 6 February 1970: Introduction of the Bermudian dollar (BMD);conversion rate: 1 Bermuda pound = 2.40 Bermudian dollar
IMF membership Non-IMF-member
Comment British Overseas Territory
Time series BBEX3.A.BMD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BMD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BMD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BMD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BMD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BMD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BMD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BMD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BMD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BMD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BMD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BMD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Bhutan
Capital Thimphu
Central bank Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan
Central bank's website http://www.rma.org.bt/
Currency Ngultrum
ISO currency code BTN
Subunits 100 chhetrum
Currency circulation Bhutan
Legacy currency Indian rupee
Conversion rate 1 Indian rupee = 1 ngultrum; with effect from 1 June 1974
Currency history 1 June 1974: Introduction of the ngultrum (BTN); conversion rate: 1Indian rupee = 1 ngultrum
IMF membership Since 28 September 1981
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Since 1 June 1974: Pegged to the Indian rupee
Comment The Indian rupee is likewise legal tender alongside the ngultrum.
Time series BBEX3.A.BTN.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BTN.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BTN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BTN.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BTN.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BTN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BTN.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BTN.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BTN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BTN.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BTN.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BTN.USD.CA.AC.A01
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
Capital Sucre; seat of government: La Paz
Central bank Banco Central de Bolivia
Central bank's website https://www.bcb.gob.bo/
Currency Boliviano
ISO currency code BOB
Subunits 100 centavos
Currency circulation Bolivia, Plurinational State of
Legacy currency Bolivian peso
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
BOP
Conversion rate 1,000,000 Bolivian pesos = 1 boliviano; with effect from 1 January1987
Currency history 1 January 1963: Introduction of the Bolivian peso (BOP); conversionrate: 1,000 bolivianos = 1 Bolivian peso 1 January 1987: Introduction of the boliviano (BOB); conversion rate:1,000,000 Bolivian pesos = 1 boliviano
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
5 June 1967
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
31 October 1972 - 29 November 1979: Pegged to the US dollar 30 November 1979 - 4 February 1982: Other managed floating 5 February 1982 - 7 November 1982: Other managed floating 8 November 1982 - 28 August 1985: Pegged to the US dollar 29 August 1985 - 30 December 1997: Independently floating 31 December 1997 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 31 December 2005: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 1 January 2006 - 30 November 2007: Conventional peg (exchangerate guarantee but no irrevocable parity) 1 December 2007 - 5 October 2008: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 6 October 2008 - 28 November 2010: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 29 November 2010 - 1 November 2011: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) Since 2 November 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) Bolivia maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.BOB.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BOB.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BOB.EUR.CA.AC.A04
BBEX3.A.BOB.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BOB.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BOB.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.BOB.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.BOB.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.BOB.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.BOB.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.BOB.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.BOB.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.BOB.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BOB.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BOB.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BOB.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BOB.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BOB.USD.CA.AC.A01
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Capital Sarajevo
Central bank Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Central bank's website http://www.cbbh.ba
Currency Convertible marka
ISO currency code BAM
Subunits 100 feninga
Currency circulation Bosnia and Herzegovina
Legacy currency Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
BAD
Conversion rate 100 Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar = 1 convertible marka; with effectfrom 11 August 1997
Currency history 17 August 1992: Introduction of the Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar;conversion rate: 1 Yugoslav dinar = 1 Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar 15 July 1994: Introduction of the new Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar(BAD); conversion rate: 10,000 Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar (old) =1 Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar (new) 11 August 1997: Introduction of the convertible marka (BAM);conversion rate: 100 Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar = 1 convertiblemarka
IMF membership Since 14 December 1992 (end of membership of predecessor stateYugoslavia)
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1 August 1994 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the Deutsche Mark Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro
Time series BBEX3.A.BAM.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BAM.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BAM.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BAM.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BAM.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BAM.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BAM.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BAM.USD.CA.AC.A01
Botswana
Capital Gaborone
Central bank Bank of Botswana
Central bank's website http://www.bankofbotswana.bw/
Currency Pula
ISO currency code BWP
Subunits 100 thebe
Currency circulation Botswana
Legacy currency South African rand
Conversion rate 1 South African rand = 1 pula; with effect from 23 August 1976
Currency history 23 August 1976: Introduction of the pula (BWP); conversion rate: 1South African rand = 1 pula
IMF membership Since 24 July 1968
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
17 November 1995
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
23 September 1976 - 30 November 1976: Pegged to the SouthAfrican rand 1 December 1976 - 1 June 1980: Pegged to the US dollar 2 June 1980 - 30 May 2005: Pegged to a currency basket Since 31 May 2005: Crawling peg (moving central rate without aband)
Time series BBEX3.A.BWP.EUR.CM.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BWP.EUR.CM.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BWP.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BWP.USD.CM.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BWP.USD.CM.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BWP.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BWP.EUR.CM.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BWP.EUR.CM.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BWP.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BWP.USD.CM.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BWP.USD.CM.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BWP.USD.CM.AC.A01
Brazil
Capital Brasília
Central bank Banco Central do Brasil
Central bank's website https://www.bcb.gov.br/
Currency Brazilian real
ISO currency code BRL
Subunits 100 centavos
Currency circulation Brazil
Legacy currency Cruzeiro real
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
BRR
Conversion rate 2,750 cruzeiro real = 1 Brazilian real; with effect from 1 July 1994
Currency history 1 November 1942: Introduction of the cruzeiro; conversion rate: 1,000réis = 1 cruzeiro 13 February 1967: Introduction of the new cruzeiro; conversion rate:1,000 cruzeiro = 1 new cruzeiro 15 May 1970: Change of currency name from the new cruzeiro to thecruzeiro (BRB) 28 February 1986: Introduction of the cruzado (BRC); conversionrate: 1,000 cruzeiro = 1 cruzado 16 January 1989: Introduction of the new cruzado (BRN); conversionrate: 1,000 cruzado = 1 new cruzado 16 March 1990: Introduction of the cruzeiro (BRE); conversion rate: 1new cruzado = 1 cruzeiro 1 August 1993: Introduction of the cruzeiro real (BRR); conversionrate: 1,000 cruzeiro = 1 cruzeiro real 1 July 1994: Introduction of the Brazilian real (BRL); conversion rate:2,750 cruzeiro real= 1 Brazilian real
IMF membership Since 14 January 1946
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
30 November 1999
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
August 1968 - 15 March 1990: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 16 March 1990 - 30 June 1994: Independently floating 1 July 1994 - 14 January 1999: Other managed floating 15 January 1999 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating Since 30 April 2008: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)
Comment Multiple exchange rate system until 31 January 1999
Time series BBEX3.A.BRL.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.BRL.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.BRL.EUR.BB.AC.A01
BBEX3.M.BRL.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.BRL.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BRL.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BRL.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BRL.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BRL.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BRL.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.BRL.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.BRL.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.BRL.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.BRL.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BRL.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BRL.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BRL.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BRL.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BRL.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BRL.USD.CA.AA.A02 BBEX3.M.BRL.USD.CA.AB.A02 BBEX3.M.BRL.USD.CA.AC.A02
Brunei Darussalam
Capital Bandar Seri Begawan
Currency Brunei dollar
ISO currency code BND
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Brunei Darussalam, Singapore
Legacy currency Malayan dollar
Conversion rate 1 Malayan dollar = 1 Brunei dollar; with effect from 12 June 1967
Currency history 12 June 1967: Introduction of the Brunei dollar (BND); conversionrate: 1 Malayan dollar = 1 Brunei dollar
IMF membership Since 10 October 1995
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
10 October 1995
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Since 21 June 1973: Pegged to the Singapore dollar
Comment Under an agreement between Brunei Darussalam and Singapore, theSingapore dollar (convertible at par) is also accepted as customarytender. Independent since 1 January 1984.
Time series BBEX3.A.BND.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BND.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BND.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BND.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BND.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BND.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BND.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BND.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BND.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BND.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BND.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BND.USD.CA.AC.A01
Bulgaria
Capital Sofia
Central bank Bulgarian National Bank
Central bank's website http://www.bnb.bg/
Currency Bulgarian lev
ISO currency code BGN
Subunits 100 stotinkas
Currency circulation Bulgaria
Legacy currency Bulgarian lev
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
BGL
Conversion rate 1,000 Bulgarian levs (old) = 1 Bulgarian lev (new)
Currency history 12 May 1952: Introduction of the (new) lev; conversion rate forbanknote exchange: 100 levs (old) = 1 lev (new), for prices and formutual claims and liabilities between individuals: 100:4. For bankbalances, various conversion rates apply. 1 January 1962: Introduction of the (new) lev (BGL); currencyconversion took place at the rate of 10 levs(old) = 1 lev (new) 5 July 1999: Introduction of the (new) lev (BGN); currency conversiontook place at the rate of 1,000 levs (old) = 1 lev (new)
IMF membership Since 25 September 1990
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
24 September 1998
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
2 May 1990 - 17 February 1991: Pegged to a currency basket 18 February 1991 - 30 June 1997: Independently floating 1 July 1997 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the Deutsche Mark Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro
Comment Participant in Exchange Rate Mechanism II since 13 July 2020.
Time series BBEX3.A.BGN.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.BGN.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.BGN.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BGN.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.BGN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BGN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.BGN.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.BGN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BGN.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BGN.USD.CA.AC.A02
Burkina Faso (until 3 August 1984: Upper Volta)
Capital Ouagadougou
Central bank Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO)
Central bank's website http://www.bceao.int
Currency CFA franc
ISO currency code XOF
Currency circulation Burkina Faso, Benin,Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger,Senegal, Togo
IMF membership Since 02 May 1963
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
01 June 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, West African Monetary Union; as of 1994, West AfricanEconomic and Monetary Union) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (West African Economicand Monetary Union)
Comment Member state of the West African Economic and Monetary Union(UEMOA = Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine) Independent since 5 August 1960
Time series BBEX3.A.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Burundi
Capital Gitega (until December 2018: Bujumbura)
Central bank Bank of the Republic of Burundi
Central bank's website http://www.brb.bi
Currency Burundi franc
ISO currency code BIF
Subunits 100 centimes
Currency circulation Burundi
Legacy currency Rwanda and Burundi franc
Conversion rate 1 Rwanda and Burundi franc = 1 Burundi franc; with effect from 19May 1964
Currency history 2 September 1960: Introduction of the Rwanda and Burundi franc;conversion rate: 1 Congo franc = 1 Rwanda and Burundi franc 19 May 1964: Introduction of the Burundi franc (BIF); conversion rate:1 Rwanda and Burundi franc = 1 Burundi franc
IMF membership Since 28 September 1963
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
April 1970 - 22 November 1983: Pegged to the US dollar 23 November 1983 - 13 May 1992: Pegged to the SDR 14 May 1992 - 29 June 1999: Pegged to a currency basket 30 June 1999 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 6 May 2009: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) 7 May 2009 - 25 July 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 26 July 2011 - 5 March 2013: Other managed arrangement 6 March 2013 - 21 June 2016: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 22 June 2016: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate withan annual minimum rate of change) Burundi maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.
Comment Independent (from Belgium) since 1 July 1962
Time series BBEX3.A.BIF.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BIF.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BIF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.BIF.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.BIF.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.BIF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.BIF.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.BIF.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BIF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.BIF.USD.CA.AA.A01
BBEX3.M.BIF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.BIF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Cabo Verde
Capital Praia
Central bank Banco de Cabo Verde
Central bank's website https://www.bcv.cv/pt/Paginas/Homepage.aspx
Currency Cabo Verde escudo
ISO currency code CVE
Subunits 100 centavos
Currency circulation Cabo Verde
IMF membership Since 20 November 1978
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
1 July 2004
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Until 28 February 1977: Parity in relation to the Portuguese escudo 1 March 1977 - 31 March 1998: Pegged to a currency basket 1 April 1998 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the Portuguese escudo Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro
Comment Independent since 5 July 1975 (formerly: Portuguese colony)
Time series BBEX3.A.CVE.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.CVE.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.CVE.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.CVE.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.CVE.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CVE.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.CVE.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.CVE.USD.CA.AC.A01
Cambodia
Capital Phnom Penh
Central bank National Bank of Cambodia
Central bank's website http://www.nbc.org.kh/english/index.php
Currency Riel
ISO currency code KHR
Subunits 100 sen
Currency circulation Cambodia
Legacy currency Indochinese piastre
Conversion rate 1 Indochinese piastre = 1 riel; with effect from 1 January 1955
Currency history 1 January 1955: Introduction of the riel (KHR); conversion rate: 1Indochinese piastre = 1 riel
IMF membership Since 31 December 1969
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
1 January 2002
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
30 June 1993 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 31 August 2009: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 September 2009 - 30 June 2013: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 July 2013 - 31 December 2013: Other managed arrangement 1 January 2014 - 10 March 2015: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 11 March 2015: Other managed arrangement
Time series BBEX3.A.KHR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.KHR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.KHR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.KHR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.KHR.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.KHR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.KHR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KHR.USD.CA.AC.A01
Cameroon
Capital Yaoundé
Central bank Bank of Central African States (Banque des Etats de l'AfriqueCentrale)
Central bank's website http://www.beac.int
Currency CFA franc
ISO currency code XAF
Currency circulation Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, EquatorialGuinea, Gabon
IMF membership Since 10 July 1963
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
01 June 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, Central African Monetary Community; as of 1994, CentralAfrican Economic and Monetary Community) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (Central African Economicand Monetary Community)
Comment Member state of the Central African Economic and MonetaryCommunity (CEMAC = Communauté Économique et Monétaire del'Afrique Centrale) Treaty of Versailles (1919) partitions Cameroon into an eastern sector(French-mandated territory) and a western sector (British-mandatedterritory). Independence: East Cameroon gains independence from France as the Republic ofCameroon on 1 January 1960. West Cameroon: on 1 October 1961, the southern part of the Britishterritory joins with the Republic of Cameroon while the northern partunifies with Nigeria.
Time series BBEX3.A.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Canada
Capital Ottawa
Central bank Bank of Canada
Central bank's website https://www.bankofcanada.ca/
Currency Canadian dollar
ISO currency code CAD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Canada
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
25 March 1952
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1 October 1950 - 1 May 1962: Independently floating 2 May 1962 - 31 May 1970: Pegged to the US dollar Since 1 June 1970: Independently floating
Time series BBEX3.A.CAD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.CAD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.CAD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CAD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.CAD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.CAD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.CAD.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.CAD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CAD.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CAD.USD.CA.AC.A02
Cayman Islands
Capital George Town
Central bank Cayman Islands Monetary Authority
Central bank's website https://www.cima.ky/
Currency Cayman Islands dollar
ISO currency code KYD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Cayman Islands
Legacy currency Jamaican dollar
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
JMD
Conversion rate 1 Jamaican dollar = 1 Cayman Islands dollar; with effect from 1 May1972
Currency history 1 May 1972: Introduction of the Cayman Islands dollar (KYD);conversion rate: 1 Jamaican dollar = 1 Cayman Islands dollar
IMF membership Non-IMF-member
Comment British Overseas Territory
Time series BBEX3.A.KYD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.KYD.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.KYD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KYD.USD.CM.AC.A01
Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CAEMC)
Central bank Bank of Central African States (Banque des Etats de l'AfriqueCentrale)
Central bank's website http://www.beac.int
Currency CFA franc
ISO currency code XAF
Currency circulation Cameroon, Congo, Chad, Central African Republic, EquatorialGuinea, Gabon
Comment Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, EquatorialGuinea and Gabon all belong to the Central African Economic andMonetary Community (CEMAC = Communauté Économique etMonétaire de l'Afrique Centrale). The responsible monetary authorityis the "Banque des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale", whose CFA franc(F.CFA = Franc de la Coopération Financière en Afrique Centrale) islegal tender only in the aforementioned countries.
Time series BBEX3.A.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Central African Republic
Capital Bangui
Central bank Bank of Central African States (Banque des Etats de l'AfriqueCentrale)
Central bank's website http://www.beac.int
Currency CFA franc
ISO currency code XAF
Currency circulation Central African Republic, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, EquatorialGuinea, Gabon
IMF membership Since 10 July 1963
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
01 June 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, Central African Monetary Community; as of 1994, CentralAfrican Economic and Monetary Community) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (Central African Economicand Monetary Community)
Comment Member state of the Central African Economic and MonetaryCommunity (CEMAC = Communauté Économique et Monétaire del'Afrique Centrale) Independent since 13 August 1960
Time series BBEX3.A.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Chad
Capital N'Djaména
Central bank Bank of Central African States (Banque des Etats de l'AfriqueCentrale)
Central bank's website http://www.beac.int
Currency CFA franc
ISO currency code XAF
Currency circulation Chad, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, EquatorialGuinea, Gabon
IMF membership Since 10 July 1963
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
01 June 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, Central African Monetary Community; as of 1994, CentralAfrican Economic and Monetary Community) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (Central African Economicand Monetary Community)
Comment Member state of the Central African Economic and MonetaryCommunity (CEMAC = Communauté Économique et Monétaire del'Afrique Centrale) Independent since 11 August 1960
Time series BBEX3.A.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Chile
Capital Santiago
Central bank Banco Central de Chile
Central bank's website https://www.bcentral.cl/web/banco-central/
Currency Chilean peso
ISO currency code CLP
Subunits 100 centavos
Currency circulation Chile
Legacy currency Chilean escudo
Conversion rate 1,000 Chilean escudos = 1 Chilean peso; with effect from 29September 1975
Currency history 1 January 1960: Introduction of the Chilean escudo; conversion rate:1,000 Chilean pesos = 1 Chilean escudo 29 September 1975: Introduction of the Chilean peso (CLP);conversion rate: 1,000 Chilean escudos = 1 Chilean peso
IMF membership Since 31 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
27 July 1977
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
July 1970 - 29 June 1979: Adjusted according to a set of indicators 30 June 1979 - 15 June 1982: Pegged to the US dollar 16 June 1982 - 4 August 1982: Pegged to a currency basket 5 August 1982 - 25 September 1982: Floating (market-determinedwith more frequent modes of intervention) 26 September 1982 - 1 September 1999: Exchange rates within acrawling band Since 2 September 1999: Free floating (market-determined withintervention in exceptional cases only)
Time series BBEX3.A.CLP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.CLP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.CLP.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.CLP.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.CLP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CLP.USD.CA.AC.A01
China (Taiwan)
Capital Taipeh
Central bank Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
Central bank's website http://www.cbc.gov.tw/mp2.html
Currency New Taiwan dollar
ISO currency code TWD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation China (Taiwan)
Legacy currency Taiwan dollar
Conversion rate 40,000 Taiwan dollar = 1 new Taiwan dollar; with effect from 15 June1949
Currency history 15 June 1949: Introduction of the new Taiwan dollar (TWD);conversion rate: 40,000 Taiwan dollar = 1 new Taiwan dollar
IMF membership Non-IMF-member
Comment The People's Republic of China claims sovereignty over the islandof Taiwan; the Taiwanese government describes itself as thegovernment of the "Republic of China".
Time series BBEX3.A.TWD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TWD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TWD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.TWD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TWD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TWD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.TWD.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.TWD.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.TWD.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.TWD.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.TWD.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.TWD.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.TWD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TWD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TWD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.TWD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TWD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TWD.USD.CA.AC.A01
China
Capital Peking/Beijing
Central bank The People's Bank of China
Central bank's website http://www.pbc.gov.cn/english/
Currency Chinese renminbi (uniform designation for all foreign countries since15 June 1969); currency amounts are denoted using the designationChinese yuan (renminbi).
ISO currency code CNY
Subunits 10 jiao/100 fen
Currency circulation China
Legacy currency Jen-Min-Pi
Conversion rate 10,000 jen min pi (old) = 1 jen min pi (new); with effect from 1 March1955
Currency history 19 August 1948: Introduction of the gold yuan; conversion rate: 3million Chinese dollar / yuan = 1 gold yuan 5 June 1949: Introduction of the jen min pi; conversion rate: 100,000gold yuan = 1 jen min pi 1 March 1955: Introduction of the new jen min pi; conversion rate:10,000 jen min pi (old) = 1 jen min pi (new) Since 15 June 1969: Chinese renminbi (harmonisation of thecurrency name used outside of China)
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
1 December 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1980 - 31 December 1985: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 1 January 1986 - 31 March 1994: Other managed floating 1 April 1994 - 31 July 2006: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 1 August 2006 - 31 May 2008: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 1 June 2008 - 20 June 2010: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 21 June 2010 - 23 December 2014: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 24 December 2014 - 10 November 2015: Other managedarrangement 11 November 2015 - 23 August 2016: Crawl-like arrangement(moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 24 August 2016 - 31 May 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 June 2017 - 21 June 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change)
Since 22 June 2018: Other managed arrangement
Time series BBEX3.A.CNY.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.CNY.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.CNY.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CNY.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.CNY.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.CNY.HKD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.CNY.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.CNY.HKD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.CNY.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.CNY.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CNY.HKD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CNY.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CNY.USD.CA.AC.A02
Colombia
Capital Bogotá
Central bank Banco de la República
Central bank's website https://www.banrep.gov.co/es
Currency Colombian peso
ISO currency code COP
Subunits 100 centavos
Currency circulation Colombia
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
1 August 2004
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1 June 1968 - 20 January 1994: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 21 January 1994 - 24 September 1999: Exchange rates within acrawling band 25 September 1999 - 31 December 2004: Independently floating 1 January 2005 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate Since 30 April 2008: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.COP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.COP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.COP.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.COP.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.COP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.COP.USD.CA.AC.A01
Comoros
Capital Moroni
Central bank Banque Centrale des Comores
Central bank's website http://www.banque-comores.km/
Currency Comorian franc
ISO currency code KMF
Subunits 100 centimes
Currency circulation Comoros
Legacy currency CFA franc
Conversion rate 1 CFA franc = 1 Comorian franc; with effect from 1 July 1981
Currency history 1 July 1981: Introduction of the Comorian franc (KMF); conversionrate: 1 CFA franc = 1 Comorian franc
IMF membership Since 21 September 1976
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
01 June 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1 January 1975 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro
Time series BBEX3.A.KMF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.KMF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.KMF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KMF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Congo, Democratic Republic of the (from 27 October 1971 to 16 May 1997: Zaire)
Capital Kinshasa
Central bank Banque Centrale du Congo
Central bank's website http://www.bcc.cd
Currency Congo franc
ISO currency code CDF
Subunits 100 centimes
Currency circulation Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Legacy currency New zaire
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
ZRN
Conversion rate 100,000 new zaires = 1 Congo franc; with effect from 30 June 1998
Currency history 24 June 1967: Introduction of the zaire (ZRZ); conversion rate: 1,000Congo francs = 1 zaire 22 October 1993: Introduction of the new zaire (ZRN); conversionrate: 3,000,000 zaires = 1 new zaire 30 June 1998: Introduction of the Congo franc (CDF); conversionrate: 100,000 new zaires = 1 Congo franc
IMF membership Since 28 September 1963
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
10 February 2003
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
12 March 1976 - 11 September 1983: Pegged to the SDR 12 September 1983 - 27 February 1984: Other managed floating 28 February 1984 - 31 December 2008: Independently floating 1 January 2009 - 4 May 2010: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) 5 May 2010 - 30 April 2011: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) 1 May 2011 - 22 November 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 23 November 2011 - 31 December 2011: Other managedarrangement 1 January 2012 - 20 June 2016: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 21 June 2016 - 2 January 2018: Other managed arrangement Since 3 January 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate withina narrow band without any political obligation) The Democratic Republic of the Congo maintains a de factoexchange rate anchor to the US dollar.
Comment Independent (from Belgium) since 30 June 1960.
Time series BBEX3.A.CDF.EUR.CA.AA.A04
BBEX3.A.CDF.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.CDF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.CDF.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.CDF.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.CDF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.CDF.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.CDF.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.CDF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CDF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.CDF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.CDF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Congo
Capital Brazzaville
Central bank Bank of Central African States (Banque des Etats de l'AfriqueCentrale)
Central bank's website http://www.beac.int/
Currency CFA franc
ISO currency code XAF
Currency circulation Congo, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, EquatorialGuinea, Gabon
IMF membership Since 10 July 1963
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
01 June 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, Central African Monetary Community; as of 1994, CentralAfrican Economic and Monetary Community) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (Central African Economicand Monetary Community)
Comment Member state of the Central African Economic and MonetaryCommunity (CEMAC = Communauté Économique et Monétaire del'Afrique Centrale) Independent since 15 August 1960
Time series BBEX3.A.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Cook Islands
Capital Avarua
Currency Cook Islands dollar
ISO currency code NZD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Cook Islands
IMF membership Non-IMF-member
Comment Self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand; formerlyoverseas territory of New Zealand. The New Zealand dollar is also legal tender alongside the CookIslands dollar (convertible at par).
Time series BBEX3.A.NZD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.NZD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.NZD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NZD.EUR.BB.AC.A02
Costa Rica
Capital San José
Central bank Banco Central de Costa Rica
Central bank's website https://www.bccr.fi.cr/SitePages/default.aspx
Currency Costa Rican colón
ISO currency code CRC
Subunits 100 céntimos
Currency circulation Costa Rica
IMF membership Since 08 January 1946
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
1 February 1965
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
25 April 1975 - 26 December 1980: Pegged to the US dollar 27 December 1980 - 8 March 1981: Independently floating 9 March 1981 - 23 April 1981: Pegged to the US dollar 24 April 1981 - 10 July 1981: Other managed floating 11 July 1981 - 19 October 1981: Pegged to the US dollar 20 October 1981 - 8 August 1982: Independently floating 9 August 1982 - 29 February 1992: Other managed floating 1 March 1992 - November 1995: Independently floating November 1995 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 30 September 2006: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 1 October 2006 - 29 April 2008: Exchange rates within a crawlingband 30 April 2008 - 15 April 2012: Other managed arrangement 16 April 2012 - 29 August 2013: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 30 August 2013 - 6 April 2014: Other managed arrangement 7 April 2014 - 25 April 2016: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 26 April 2016 - 20 August 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 21 August 2018: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.CRC.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.CRC.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.CRC.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.CRC.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.CRC.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.CRC.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.CRC.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.CRC.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.CRC.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CRC.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.CRC.USD.CA.AB.A01
BBEX3.M.CRC.USD.CA.AC.A01
Côte d'Ivoire (until 31 December 1985: Ivory Coast)
Capital Yamoussoukro; Seat of Government: Abidjan
Central bank Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO)
Central bank's website http://www.bceao.int
Currency CFA franc
ISO currency code XOF
Currency circulation Côte d'Ivoire, Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger,Senegal, Togo
IMF membership Since 11 March 1963
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
01 June 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, West African Monetary Union; as of 1994, West AfricanEconomic and Monetary Union) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (West African Economicand Monetary Union)
Comment Member state of the West African Economic and Monetary Union(UEMOA = Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine) Independent since 7 August 1960
Time series BBEX3.A.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Croatia
Capital Zagreb
Central bank Croatian National Bank
Central bank's website http://www.hnb.hr
Currency Kuna
ISO currency code HRK
Subunits 100 lipa
Currency circulation Croatia
Legacy currency Croatian dinar
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
HRD
Conversion rate 1,000 Croatian dinar = 1 kuna; with effect from 30 May 1994
Currency history 23 December 1991: Introduction of the Croatian dinar (HRD);conversion rate: 1 Yugoslav dinar = 1 Croatian dinar 30 May 1994: Introduction of the kuna (HRK); conversion rate: 1,000Croatian dinar = 1 kuna
IMF membership Since 14 December 1992 (end of membership of predecessor stateYugoslavia)
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
29 May 1995
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
18 April 1992 - 21 October 1993: Pegged to the Deutsche Mark 22 October 1993 - 30 December 1994: Independently floating 31 December 1994 - 31 August 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 September 2006 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 31 December 2008: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 January 2009 - 30 June 2009: Other managed arrangement 1 July 2009 - 16 June 2010: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 17 June 2010 - 13 April 2016: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 14 April 2016: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation)
Comment 25 June 1991: Croatia declared its independence. This wasrecognised by Germany and other member states of the EuropeanCommunity on 23 December 1991, with effect from 15 January 1992. Participant in Exchange Rate Mechanism II since 13 July 2020.
Time series BBEX3.A.HRK.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.HRK.EUR.BB.AC.000
BBEX3.M.HRK.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.HRK.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.HRK.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.HRK.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.HRK.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.HRK.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.HRK.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.HRK.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.HRK.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.HRK.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.HRK.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.HRK.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.HRK.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.HRK.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.HRK.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.HRK.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.HRK.USD.CA.AC.A01
Cuba
Capital Havana
Central bank Banco Central de Cuba
Central bank's website https://www.bc.gob.cu/
Currency Cuban peso
ISO currency code CUP
Subunits 100 centavos
Currency circulation Cuba
IMF membership Non-IMF-member
Comment With effect from 1 January 2021, the dual currency system consistingof the convertible peso (CUC) and the Cuban peso (CUP) has beenabolished and the Cuban peso designated as the country's sole legaltender. The Cuban peso is pegged to the US dollar at a rate of USD 1= CUP 24. Existing sums in convertible pesos may be exchanged atbanks and bureaux de change at a rate of CUC 1 = CUP 24 until 30June 2021. Until the end of 2020, the Cuban government applied a CUC to CUPexchange rate of 1:1 in its national accounts. In reality, Cuban pesoscould only be exchanged for convertible pesos at a considerablediscount. From 18 March 2005 to the end of 2020, the government foreignexchange bureaus (CADECA - Casas de Cambio) paid CUP 24 perCUC or USD. Individuals wanting to purchase CUC had to pay CUP25 per CUC.
Time series BBEX3.M.CUP.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.CUP.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.CUP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CUP.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.CUP.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.CUP.USD.CA.AC.A01
Curaçao
Capital Willemstad
Central bank Centrale Bank van Curaçao en Sint Maarten (formerly: Bank van deNederlandse Antillen)
Central bank's website https://www.centralbank.cw/
Currency Netherlands Antillean guilder
ISO currency code ANG
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Curaçao and Sint Maarten (southern part)
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 February 1961
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Since June 1940: Pegged to the US dollar
Comment Independent since 10 October 2010 within the Kingdom of theNetherlands; formerly Curaçao formed together with Bonaire, SintMaarten, Saba and Saint Eustatius the Netherlands Antilles
Time series BBEX3.A.ANG.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.ANG.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.USD.CA.AC.A01
Cyprus
Capital Nicosia
Central bank Central Bank of Cyprus
Central bank's website https://www.centralbank.cy/
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Cyprus pound
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
CYP
Conversion rate 0.585274 Cyprus pounds = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 2008
Currency history 1 January 2008: Introduction of the euro; conversion rate: 0.585274Cyprus pounds = 1 euro
IMF membership Since 21 December 1961
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
9 January 1991
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
9 July 1973 - 18 June 1992: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 19 June 1992 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the ECU 1 January 1999 - 31 December 2007: Pegged to the euro (from 2May 2005: Exchange rate mechanism II) Since 1 January 2008: Free floating (European Monetary Union)
Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 2008)
Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04
Czechia
Capital Prague
Central bank Czech National Bank
Central bank's website http://www.cnb.cz/en/index.html
Currency Czech koruna
ISO currency code CZK
Subunits 100 heller
Currency circulation Czechia
Legacy currency Czechoslovak koruna
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
CSK
Conversion rate 1 Czechoslovak koruna = 1 Czech koruna; with effect from 8 February1993
Currency history 8 February 1993: Introduction of the Czech koruna (CZK); conversionrate: 1 Czechoslovak koruna = 1 Czech koruna
IMF membership Since 01 January 1993
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
01 October 1995
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
4 February 1993 - 26 May 1997: Pegged to a currency basket 27 May 1997 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 29 June 2001: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 June 2001 - 2002: Independently floating 2002 - 31 December 2005: Managed floating with no predeterminedpath for the exchange rate 1 January 2006 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating 30 April 2008 - 6 November 2013: Free floating (market-determinedwith intervention in exceptional cases only) 7 November 2013 - 18 November 2013: Other managedarrangement 19 November 2013 - 5 April 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 6 April 2017: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)
Comment On 1 January 1993 dissolution of Czechoslovakia into the successorstates Czech Republic and Slovakia
Time series BBEX3.A.CZK.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.CZK.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.CZK.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CZK.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.CZK.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.CZK.USD.CA.AC.A04
BBEX3.D.CZK.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.CZK.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CZK.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CZK.USD.CA.AC.A02
Denmark
Capital Copenhagen
Central bank Danmarks Nationalbank
Central bank's website https://www.nationalbanken.dk/da/Sider/Default.aspx
Currency Danish krone
ISO currency code DKK
Subunits 100 øre
Currency circulation Denmark, Faroe Islands, Greenland
IMF membership Since 30 March 1946
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
1 May 1967
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1 May 1972 - 12 March 1979: Cooperative arrangement (Europeancommon margins arrangement; withdrawal from 27 June 1972 - 9October 1972) 13 March 1979 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (Exchange ratemechanism II)
Comment Participant in Exchange Rate Mechanism II.
Time series BBEX3.A.DKK.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.DKK.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.DKK.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.DKK.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.DKK.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.DKK.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.DKK.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.DKK.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.DKK.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.DKK.USD.CA.AC.A02
Djibouti
Capital Djibouti
Central bank Banque Centrale de Djibouti
Central bank's website http://www.banque-centrale.dj
Currency Djibouti franc
ISO currency code DJF
Subunits 100 centimes
Currency circulation Djibouti
Legacy currency CFA franc
Conversion rate 1 CFA franc = 1 Djibouti franc; with effect from 20 March 1949
Currency history 20 March 1949: Introduction of the Djibouti franc (DJF); conversionrate: 1 CFA franc = 1 Djibouti franc
IMF membership Since 29 December 1978
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
19 September 1980
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Since 22 March 1949: Pegged to the US dollar
Comment Independent (from France) since 27 June 1977
Time series BBEX3.A.DJF.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.DJF.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.DJF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.DJF.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.DJF.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.DJF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.DJF.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.DJF.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.DJF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.DJF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.DJF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.DJF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Dominica
Capital Roseau
Central bank Eastern Caribbean Central Bank
Central bank's website https://www.eccb-centralbank.org/
Currency East Caribbean dollar
ISO currency code XCD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Dominica, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Montserrat, Saint Kitts andNevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and (since 17July 1968) Grenada
Legacy currency British West Indies dollar
Conversion rate 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar; with effect from6 October 1965
Currency history 6 October 1965: Introduction of the East Caribbean dollar (XCD);conversion rate: 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar
IMF membership Since 12 December 1978
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
13 December 1979
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
6 October 1965 - 6 July 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling(Eastern Caribbean Currency Union) Since 7 July 1976: Pegged to the US dollar (Eastern CaribbeanCurrency Union)
Comment Dominica participates in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union. Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and theGrenadines were once referred to as the Windward Islands. Independent since 3 November 1978 (formerly: British colony)
Time series BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Dominican Republic
Capital Santo Domingo
Central bank Banco Central de la República Dominicana
Central bank's website https://www.bancentral.gov.do/
Currency Dominican peso
ISO currency code DOP
Subunits 100 centavos
Currency circulation Dominican Republic
IMF membership Since 28 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
1 August 1953
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
23 April 1948 - 22 January 1985: Pegged to the US dollar 23 January 1985 - 16 June 1987: Independently floating 17 June 1987 - 11 November 1987: Other managed floating 12 November 1987 - 10 February 1988: Independently floating 11 February 1988 - 30 December 1989: Other managed floating 31 December 1989 - 23 January 1991: Pegged to the US dollar 24 January 1991 - 6 September 1994: Independently floating 7 September 1994 - 30 January 2004: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 31 January 2004 - 31 December 2004: Independently floating 1 January 2005 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 31 December 2008: Other managed arrangement 1 January 2009 - 31 January 2010: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 1 February 2010: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central ratewith an annual minimum rate of change) The Dominican Republic maintains a de facto exchange rate anchorto the US dollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.DOP.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.DOP.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.DOP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.DOP.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.DOP.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.DOP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.DOP.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.DOP.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.DOP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.DOP.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.DOP.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.DOP.USD.CA.AC.A01
Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU)
Central bank Eastern Caribbean Central Bank
Central bank's website https://www.eccb-centralbank.org/
Currency East Caribbean dollar
ISO currency code XCD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts andNevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and (since 17July 1968) Grenada
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
6 October 1965 - 6 July 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling(Eastern Caribbean Currency Union) Since 7 July 1976: Pegged to the US dollar (Eastern CaribbeanCurrency Union)
Time series BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Ecuador
Capital Quito
Central bank Banco Central del Ecuador
Central bank's website https://www.bce.fin.ec/
Currency US dollar
ISO currency code USD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Ecuador, United States, American Samoa, Bonaire, British VirginIslands, El Salvador, Guam, Marshall Islands, Federated States ofMicronesia, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Panama, Puerto Rico,Saba, Saint Eustatius, Timor-Leste, Turks and Caicos Islands, VirginIslands of the United States
Legacy currency Sucre
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
ECS
Conversion rate 25,000 sucres = 1 US dollar; with effect from 13 March 2000
Currency history 13 March 2000: Introduction of the US dollar (USD); conversion rate:25,000 sucres = 1 US dollar
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
31 August 1970
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
24 February 1973 - 18 March 1983: Pegged to the US dollar 19 March 1983 - 2 March 1988: Other managed floating 3 March 1988 - 30 August 1988: Pegged to the US dollar 31 August 1988 - 30 December 1994: Other managed floating 31 December 1994 - 26 October 1995: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 27 October 1995 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 11 February 1999: Exchange rates within a crawlingband 12 February 1999 - 30 March 2000: Independently floating Since 31 March 2000: Use of the US dollar as legal tender
Comment The sucre remained legal tender alongside the US dollar until 12September 2000; since 13 September 2000, the US dollar has beenthe sole legal tender in Ecuador.
Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02
Egypt
Capital Cairo
Central bank Central Bank of Egypt
Central bank's website http://www.cbe.org.eg/
Currency Egyptian pound
ISO currency code EGP
Subunits 100 piastres/1,000 milliems
Currency circulation Egypt
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
2 January 2005
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
7 May 1962 - 10 May 1987: Pegged to the US dollar 11 May 1987 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 29 January 2001: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 January 2001 - 28 January 2003: Pegged exchange rate withinhorizontal bands 29 January 2003 - 31 January 2005: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 February 2005 - 31 July 2007: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 1 August 2007 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 11 March 2009: Other managed arrangement 12 March 2009 - 31 March 2011: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 1 April 2011 - 9 November 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 10 November 2011 - 2 July 2013: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 3 July 2013 - 18 January 2015: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 19 January 2015 - 2 November 2016: Other managed arrangement 3 November 2016 - 14 March 2017: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) Since 15 March 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation) Egypt maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.EGP.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.EGP.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.EGP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.EGP.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.EGP.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.EGP.USD.CA.AC.A04
BBEX3.D.EGP.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.EGP.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.EGP.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.EGP.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.EGP.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.EGP.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.EGP.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.EGP.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.EGP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.EGP.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.EGP.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.EGP.USD.CA.AC.A01
El Salvador
Capital San Salvador
Central bank Banco Central de Reserva de El Salvador
Central bank's website https://www.bcr.gob.sv/esp/
Currency El Salvador colón
ISO currency code SVC
Subunits 100 centavos
Currency circulation El Salvador
IMF membership Since 14 March 1946
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
6 November 1946
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
18 December 1946 - 15 June 1985: Pegged to the US dollar 16 June 1985 - 21 January 1986: Other managed floating 22 January 1986 - 10 July 1989: Pegged to the US dollar 11 July 1989 - 31 May 1990: Other managed floating 1 June 1990 - 31 December 1993: Independently floating 1 January 1994 - 31 December 2000: Pegged to the US dollar Since 1 January 2001: Use of the US dollar as legal tender
Comment The El Salvador colón is legal tender alongside the US dollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.SVC.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SVC.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SVC.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SVC.USD.CA.AC.A01
Equatorial Guinea
Capital Malabo
Central bank Bank of Central African States (Banque des Etats de l'AfriqueCentrale)
Central bank's website http://www.beac.int
Currency CFA franc
ISO currency code XAF
Currency circulation Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad,Congo, Gabon
Legacy currency Ekwele (plural: bipkwele)
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
GQE
Conversion rate 4 bipkwele = 1 CFA franc; with effect from 1 January 1985
Currency history 12 October 1969: Introduction of the Equatorial Guinean peseta;conversion rate: 1 (Spanish) peseta = 1 Equatorial Guinean peseta 29 September 1975: Introduction of the ekuele (GQE); conversionrate: 1 Equatorial Guinean peseta = 1 ekuele 15 March 1981: Introduction of the ekwele (plural: bipkwele);conversion rate: 1 ekuele = 1 ekwele 1 January 1985: Introduction of the CFA franc (XAF); conversion rate:4 bipkwele = 1 CFA franc
IMF membership Since 22 December 1969
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
01 June 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
12 October 1969 - 11 July 1977: Pegged to the Spanish peseta 12 July 1977 - 8 April 1979: Pegged to a currency basket 9 April 1979 - 5 August 1979: Pegged to the SDR 6 August 1979 - 31 December 1984: Pegged to the Spanish peseta 1 January 1985 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc (asof 1994, Central African Economic and Monetary Community) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (Central African Economicand Monetary Community)
Comment Member state of the Central African Economic and MonetaryCommunity (CEMAC = Communauté Économique et Monétaire del'Afrique Centrale) Independent since 12 October 1968
Time series BBEX3.A.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Eritrea
Capital Asmara
Central bank Bank of Eritrea
Central bank's website http://www.boe.gov.er
Currency Nakfa
ISO currency code ERN
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Eritrea
Legacy currency Ethiopian birr
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
ETB
Conversion rate 1 Ethiopian birr = 1 nakfa; with effect from 8 November 1997
Currency history 8 November 1997: Introduction of the nakfa (ERN); conversion rate: 1(Ethiopian) birr = 1 nakfa
IMF membership Since 6 July 1994
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1 August 1994 - 21 November 1997: Other managed floating 22 November 1997 - 30 June 2000: Independently floating Since 1 July 2000: Conventional peg (exchange rate guarantee butno irrevocable parity)
Comment Independent (from Ethiopia) since 24 May 1993
Time series BBEX3.A.ERN.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ERN.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ERN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ERN.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ERN.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ERN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.ERN.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ERN.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ERN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ERN.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ERN.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ERN.USD.CA.AC.A01
Estonia
Capital Tallinn
Central bank Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank)
Central bank's website http://www.eestipank.ee/en
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Estonian kroon
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
EEK
Conversion rate 15.6466 Estonian kroons = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 2011
Currency history 20 June 1992: Introduction of the Estonian kroon (EEK); conversionrate: generally 10 Soviet roubles = 1 Estonian kroon. Cash amountsexceeding 1,500 Soviet roubles were converted at a rate of 50 Sovietroubles = 1 Estonian kroon 1 January 2011: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:15.6466 Estonian kroons = 1 euro
IMF membership Since 26 May 1992
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 August 1994
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
20 June 1992 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the Deutsche Mark 1 January 1999 - 31 December 2010: Pegged to the euro (from 28June 2004: Exchange rate mechanism II) Since 1 January 2011: Free floating (European Monetary Union)
Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 2011)
Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04
Eswatini (until 2018: Swaziland)
Capital Mbabane
Central bank Central Bank of Eswatini
Central bank's website http://www.centralbank.org.sz
Currency Lilangeni (plural: emalangeni)
ISO currency code SZL
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Eswatini
Legacy currency South African rand
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
ZAR
Conversion rate 1 South African rand = 1 lilangeni; with effect from 6 September 1974
Currency history 6 September 1974: Introduction of the lilangeni (SZL); conversionrate: 1 South African rand = 1 lilangeni
IMF membership Since 22 September 1969
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
11 December 1989
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Since 6 September 1974: Pegged to the South African rand
Comment The South African rand is likewise legal tender alongside the lilangeni.
Time series BBEX3.A.SZL.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SZL.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SZL.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SZL.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SZL.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SZL.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SZL.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SZL.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SZL.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SZL.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SZL.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SZL.USD.CA.AC.A01
Ethiopia
Capital Addis Ababa
Central bank National Bank of Ethiopia
Central bank's website http://www.nbe.gov.et
Currency Birr
ISO currency code ETB
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Ethiopia
Legacy currency Ethiopian dollar
Conversion rate 1 Ethiopian dollar = 1 birr; with effect from 21 September 1976
Currency history 21 September 1976: Introduction of the birr (ETB); conversion rate: 1Ethiopian dollar = 1 birr
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
23 July 1945 - 30 April 1993: Pegged to the US dollar 1 May 1993 - 30 December 1997: Independently floating 31 December 1997 - 30 September 2003: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 October 2003 - 1 February 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 2 February 2008 - 29 April 2008: Crawling peg (moving central ratewithout a band) 30 April 2008 - 12 October 2017: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 13 October 2017 - 26 July 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 27 July 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate withan annual minimum rate of change) Ethiopia maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.ETB.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ETB.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ETB.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ETB.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ETB.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ETB.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.ETB.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ETB.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ETB.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ETB.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ETB.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ETB.USD.CA.AC.A01
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Capital Stanley
Currency Falkland Islands pound
ISO currency code FKP
Subunits 100 pence (since the introduction of the decimal currency on 15February 1971)
Currency circulation Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
IMF membership Non-IMF-member
Comment British Overseas Territory Parity in relation to the pound sterling
Time series BBEX3.A.FKP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.FKP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.FKP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.FKP.USD.CA.AC.A01
Fiji
Capital Suva
Central bank Reserve Bank of Fiji
Central bank's website https://www.rbf.gov.fj/
Currency Fiji dollar
ISO currency code FJD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Fiji
Legacy currency Fiji pound
Conversion rate 1 Fiji pound = 2 Fiji dollar; with effect from 13 January 1969
Currency history 13 January 1969: Introduction of the Fiji dollar (FJD); conversion rate:1 Fiji pound = 2 Fiji dollar
IMF membership Since 28 May 1971
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
4 August 1972
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
25 February 1974 - 6 April 1975: Pegged to the US dollar Since 7 April 1975: Pegged to a currency basket
Comment Independent (from Great Britain) since 10 October 1970
Time series BBEX3.A.FJD.EUR.CM.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.FJD.EUR.CM.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.FJD.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.FJD.USD.CM.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.FJD.USD.CM.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.FJD.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.FJD.EUR.CM.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.FJD.EUR.CM.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.FJD.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.FJD.USD.CM.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.FJD.USD.CM.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.FJD.USD.CM.AC.A01
Finland
Capital Helsinki
Central bank Suomen Pankki
Central bank's website https://www.suomenpankki.fi/fi/
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Finnish markka
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
FIM
Conversion rate 5.94573 Finnish markkaa = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999
Currency history 1 January 1963: Introduction of the (new) Finnish markka (FIM);conversion rate: 100 Finnish markkaa (old) = 1 Finnish markka (new) 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:5.94573 Finnish markkaa = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from2002 onwards also in cash form)
IMF membership Since 14 January 1948
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
25 September 1979
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
4 June 1973 - 6 June 1991: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 7 June 1991 - 7 September 1992: Pegged to the ECU 8 September 1992 - 13 October 1996: Independently floating 14 October 1996 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)
Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999) Independent since 6 December 1917
Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02
France
Capital Paris
Central bank Banque de France
Central bank's website https://www.banque-france.fr/en
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency French franc
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
FRF
Conversion rate 6.55957 French francs = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999
Currency history 1 January 1960: Introduction of the French new franc; conversion rate:100 French franc = 1 French new franc (designated as French franc(FRF) since 1 January 1963) 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:6.55957 French franc = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from2002 onwards also in cash form)
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 February 1961
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
24 April 1972 - 20 January 1974: Cooperative arrangement (Europeancommon margins arrangement) 21 January 1974: Withdrawal from the cooperative arrangement(European common margins arrangement) 21 January 1974 - 9 July 1975: Independently floating 10 July 1975 - 14 March 1976: Cooperative arrangement (Europeancommon margins arrangement) 15 March 1976: Withdrawal from the cooperative arrangement(European common margins arrangement) 15 March 1976 - 12 March 1979: Independently floating 13 March 1979 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)
Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999)
Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02
Gabon
Capital Libreville
Central bank Bank of Central African States (Banque des Etats de l'AfriqueCentrale)
Central bank's website http://www.beac.int
Currency CFA franc
ISO currency code XAF
Currency circulation Gabon, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, EquatorialGuinea
IMF membership Since 10 September 1963
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
01 June 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, Central African Monetary Community; as of 1994, CentralAfrican Economic and Monetary Community) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (Central African Economicand Monetary Community)
Comment Member state of the Central African Economic and MonetaryCommunity (CEMAC = Communauté Économique et Monétaire del'Afrique Centrale) Independent since 17 August 1960
Time series BBEX3.A.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XAF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Gambia
Capital Banjul
Central bank Central Bank of The Gambia
Central bank's website http://www.cbg.gm
Currency Dalasi
ISO currency code GMD
Subunits 100 bututs
Currency circulation Gambia
Legacy currency Gambian pound
Conversion rate 1 Gambian pound = 5 dalasi; with effect from 1 July 1971
Currency history 5 October 1964: Introduction of the Gambian pound; conversion rate:1 West African pound = 1 Gambian pound 1 July 1971: Introduction of the dalasi (GMD); conversion rate: 1Gambian pound = 5 dalasi
IMF membership Since 21 September 1967
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
21 January 1993
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
5 October 1964 - 19 January 1986: Pegged to the British poundsterling 20 January 1986 - 29 June 2002: Independently floating 30 June 2002 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 31 December 2012: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 January 2013 - 31 December 2013: Other managed arrangement 1 January 2014 - 3 May 2015: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) Since 4 May 2015: Other managed arrangement
Comment Independent since 18 February 1965
Time series BBEX3.A.GMD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.GMD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.GMD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.GMD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Georgia
Capital Tbilisi
Central bank National Bank of Georgia
Central bank's website http://www.nbg.gov.ge
Currency Lari
ISO currency code GEL
Subunits 100 tetri
Currency circulation Georgia
Legacy currency Georgian coupon
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
GEK
Conversion rate 1,000,000 Georgian coupons = 1 lari; with effect from 25 September1995
Currency history 5 April 1993: Introduction of the Georgian coupon as a new legaltender in parallel to the rouble 3 August 1993: The Georgian coupon (GEK) becomes the sole legaltender; conversion rate: 1 rouble = 1 Georgian coupon 25 September 1995: Introduction of the lari (GEL); conversion rate:1,000,000 Georgian coupon = 1 lari
IMF membership Since 05 May 1992
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
20 December 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
5 May 1992 - 4 April 1993: Use of the Soviet/Russian rouble as legaltender 5 April 1993 - 2 August 1993: Pegged to the Soviet/Russian rouble 3 August 1993 - 31 March 1994: Independently floating 1 April 1994 - 6 December 1998: Other managed floating 7 December 1998 - 31 December 2002: Independently floating 1 January 2003 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 31 August 2008: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 September 2008 - 5 March 2009: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 6 March 2009 - 31 December 2009: Other managed arrangement 1 January 2010 - 30 June 2012: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 July 2012 - 5 November 2013: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 6 November 2013: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.GEL.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.GEL.USD.CA.AC.A04
BBEX3.D.GEL.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.GEL.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.GEL.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.GEL.USD.CA.AC.A01
Germany
Capital Berlin
Central bank Deutsche Bundesbank
Central bank's website https://www.bundesbank.de/en
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Deutsche Mark
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
DEM
Conversion rate 1.95583 Deutsche Mark = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999
Currency history 21 June 1948: Introduction of the Deutsche Mark (DEM); generalconversion rate: 10 Reichsmark = 1 Deutsche Mark (for certain oldcash balances: 100 Reichsmark = 6.50 Deutsche Mark; for certainReichsmark liabilities: 1 Reichsmark = 1 Deutsche Mark) 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:1.95583 Deutsche Mark = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from2002 onwards also in cash form) Former German Democratic Republic (GDR) 24 June 1948: Conversion from Reichsmark to Reichsmark withadhesive special coupons, generally at a rate of 10:1 25 July 1948: Introduction of the Deutsche Mark of the Germancentral bank; conversion rate: 1 Reichsmark with adhesive specialcoupon = 1 Deutsche Mark of the German central bank 1 August 1964: Introduction of the Mark of the German central bank;conversion rate: 1 Deutsche Mark of the German central bank = 1Mark of the German central bank 1 January 1968: Introduction of the Mark of the German DemocraticRepublic; conversion rate: 1 Mark of the German central bank = 1Mark of the German Democratic Republic 1 July 1990: Introduction of the Deutsche Mark; general conversionrate: 2 Mark of the German Democratic Republic = 1 Deutsche Mark(depending on the age of the citizens of the former GDR entitled toconvert currency, credit balances of up to 2,000, 4,000 or 6,000 Mark
of the German Democratic Republic per capita were converted at arate of 1:1)
IMF membership Since 14 August 1952
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 February 1961
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
24 April 1972 - 12 March 1979: Cooperative arrangement (Europeancommon margins arrangement) 13 March 1979 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)
Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999)
Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02
Ghana
Capital Accra
Central bank Bank of Ghana
Central bank's website http://www.bog.gov.gh/
Currency Ghana cedi
ISO currency code GHS
Subunits 100 Ghana pesewas
Currency circulation Ghana
Legacy currency Cedi
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
GHC
Conversion rate 10,000 cedi = 1 Ghana cedi; with effect from 1 July 2007
Currency history 14 July 1958: Introduction of the Ghana pound; conversion rate: 1West African pound = 1 Ghana pound 19 July 1965: Introduction of the cedi; conversion rate: 1 Ghanapound = 2.40 cedi 23 February 1967: Introduction of the new cedi; conversion rate: 1.20cedi = 1 new cedi (from 16 February 1972 cedi (GHC)) 1 July 2007: Introduction of the Ghana cedi (GHS); conversion rate:10,000 cedi = 1 Ghana cedi
IMF membership Since 20 September 1957
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
2 February 1994
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
12 February 1973 - 18 June 1978: Pegged to the US dollar 19 June 1978 - 18 April 1985: Flexibility limited vis-a-vis the USdollar 19 April 1985 - 18 September 1986: Pegged to the US dollar 19 September 1986 - 29 June 2001: Independently floating 30 June 2001 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate Since 30 April 2008: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)
Comment Independent (from Great Britain) since 6 March 1957
Time series BBEX3.A.GHS.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.GHS.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.GHS.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.GHS.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.GHS.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.GHS.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.GHS.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.GHS.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.GHS.EUR.CA.AC.A01
BBEX3.M.GHS.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.GHS.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.GHS.USD.CA.AC.A01
Gibraltar
Currency Gibraltar pound
ISO currency code GIP
Subunits 100 pence (since the introduction of the decimal currency on 15February 1971)
Currency circulation Gibraltar
IMF membership Non-IMF-member
Comment British Overseas Territory Parity in relation to the pound sterling
Time series BBEX3.A.GIP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.GIP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.GIP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.GIP.USD.CA.AC.A01
Greece
Capital Athens
Central bank Bank of Greece
Central bank's website https://www.bankofgreece.gr/en/homepage
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Greek drachma
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
GRD
Conversion rate 340.750 Greek drachmas = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 2001
Currency history 1 May 1954: Introduction of the (new) drachma (GRD); conversionrate: 1,000 drachmas (old) = 1 drachma (new) 1 January 2001: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:340.750 drachmas = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from 2002onwards also in cash form)
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
22 July 1992
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
8 March 1975 - 1976: Pegged to a trade weighted currency basket 1976 - 15 March 1998: Other managed floating 16 March 1998 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) 1 January 1999 - 31 December 2000: Pegged to the euro (Exchangerate mechanism II) Since 1 January 2001: Free floating (European Monetary Union)
Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 2001)
Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04
Grenada
Capital St. George's
Central bank Eastern Caribbean Central Bank
Central bank's website https://www.eccb-centralbank.org/
Currency East Caribbean dollar
ISO currency code XCD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Grenada, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Montserrat, SaintKitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Legacy currency Trinidad and Tobago dollar
Conversion rate 1 Trinidad and Tobago dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar; with effectfrom 17 July 1968
Currency history 17 July 1968: Introduction of the East Caribbean dollar (XCD);conversion rate: 1 Trinidad and Tobago dollar = 1 East Caribbeandollar. Until mid-1967, the British West Indies dollar was also incirculation as legal tender alongside the Trinidad and Tobago dollar ata rate of 1:1. From mid-1952 until the introduction of the Trinidad andTobago dollar in Grenada (mid-December 1964 at the earliest), theBritish West Indies dollar was legal tender.
IMF membership Since 27 August 1975
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
24 January 1994
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
17 July 1968 - 6 July 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling(Eastern Caribbean Currency Union) Since 7 July 1976: Pegged to the US dollar (Eastern CaribbeanCurrency Union)
Comment Grenada participates in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union. Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and theGrenadines were once referred to as the Windward Islands. Independent since 7 February 1974 (formerly: British colony)
Time series BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A01
BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Guatemala
Capital Guatemala City
Central bank Banco de Guatemala
Central bank's website http://www.banguat.gob.gt/
Currency Quetzal
ISO currency code GTQ
Subunits 100 centavos
Currency circulation Guatemala
IMF membership Since 28 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
27 January 1947
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
10 May 1972 - 2 November 1989: Pegged to the US dollar 3 November 1989 - 29 June 1999: Independently floating 30 June 1999 - 31 December 2002: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2003 - 30 April 2004: Independently floating 1 May 2004 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with no predeterminedpath for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 31 May 2011: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) 1 June 2011 - 12 March 2012: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 13 March 2012 - 21 March 2017: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 22 March 2017 - 16 January 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 17 January 2018 - 25 September 2018: Crawl-like arrangement(moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 26 September 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) Guatemala maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the USdollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.GTQ.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.GTQ.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.GTQ.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.GTQ.USD.CA.AC.A01
Guinea
Capital Conakry
Central bank Banque Centrale de la Republique de Guinee
Central bank's website http://www.bcrg-guinee.org
Currency Guinean franc
ISO currency code GNF
Currency circulation Guinea
Legacy currency Syli
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
GNS
Conversion rate 1 syli = 1 Guinean franc; with effect from 6 January 1986
Currency history 1 March 1960: Introduction of the Guinean franc; conversion rate: 1CFA franc = 1 Guinean franc 2 October 1972: Introduction of the syli (GNS); conversion rate: 10Guinean franc = 1 syli 6 January 1986: Introduction of the Guinean franc (GNF); conversionrate: 1 syli = 1 Guinean franc
IMF membership Since 28 September 1963
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
17 November 1995
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
2 October 1972 - 10 June 1975: Pegged to the US dollar 11 June 1975 - 5 January 1986: Pegged to the SDR 6 January 1986 - 31 May 1986: Pegged to the US dollar 1 June 1986 - 20 September 1988: Independently floating 21 September 1988 - 30 June 1994: Other managed floating 1 July 1994 - 29 June 2001: Independently floating 30 June 2001 - 31 December 2001: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2002 - 28 February 2005: Conventional peg (exchangerate guarantee but no irrevocable parity) 1 March 2005 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 31 May 2009: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) 1 June 2009 - 5 August 2013: Other managed arrangement 6 August 2013 - 4 February 2015: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 5 February 2015 - 2 July 2017: Other managed arrangement Since 3 July 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation) Guinea maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.
Comment Independent since 2 October 1958
Time series BBEX3.A.GNF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.GNF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.GNF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.GNF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Guinea-Bissau
Capital Bissau
Central bank Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO)
Central bank's website http://www.bceao.int
Currency CFA franc
ISO currency code XOF
Currency circulation Guinea-Bissau, Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger,Senegal, Togo
Legacy currency Guinea-Bissau peso
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
GWP
Conversion rate 65 Guinea-Bissau pesos = 1 CFA franc; with effect from 2 May 1997
Currency history 28 February 1976: Introduction of the Guinean peso (GWP);conversion rate: 1 Guinean escudo (GWE) = 1 Guinea-Bissau peso 2 May 1997: Introduction of the CFA franc (XOF); conversion rate: 65Guinea-Bissau pesos = 1 CFA franc
IMF membership Since 24 March 1977
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
01 January 1997
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
28 February 1976 - 25 May 1978: Pegged to the Portuguese escudo 26 May 1978 - 22 December 1982: Pegged to the SDR 23 December 1982 - 1 May 1997: Other managed floating 2 May 1997 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc (WestAfrican Economic and Monetary Union) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (West African Economicand Monetary Union)
Comment Since 17 April 1997 member state of the West African Economic andMonetary Union (UEMOA = Union Économique et Monétaire OuestAfricaine) Independent since 24 September 1973
Time series BBEX3.A.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Guyana (until 1965: British Guiana)
Capital Georgetown
Central bank Bank of Guyana
Central bank's website https://www.bankofguyana.org.gy/bog/
Currency Guyana dollar
ISO currency code GYD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Guyana
Legacy currency British West Indies dollar
Conversion rate 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 Guyana dollar; with effect from 15November 1965
Currency history 15 November 1965: Introduction of the Guyana dollar (GYD);conversion rate: 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 Guyana dollar
IMF membership Since 26 September 1966
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
27 December 1966
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
26 May 1966 - 8 October 1975: Pegged to the British pound sterling 9 October 1975 - 1 June 1981: Pegged to the US dollar 2 June 1981 - 5 October 1984: Flexibility limited vis-a-vis the USdollar 6 October 1984 - 18 January 1987: Pegged to a currency basket 19 January 1987 - 20 February 1991: Pegged to the US dollar 21 February 1991 - 29 June 2001: Independently floating 30 June 2001 - 31 December 2004: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate Since 1 January 2005: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate withina narrow band without any political obligation)
Comment Independent since 26 May 1966 (formerly: British colony)
Time series BBEX3.A.GYD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.GYD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.GYD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.GYD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.GYD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.GYD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.GYD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.GYD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.GYD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.GYD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.GYD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.GYD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Haiti
Capital Port-au-Prince
Central bank Banque de la République d'Haiti
Central bank's website https://www.brh.ht/
Currency Gourde
ISO currency code HTG
Subunits 100 centimes
Currency circulation Haiti
IMF membership Since 08 September 1953
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
22 December 1953
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
12 April 1919 - 15 September 1991: Pegged to the US dollar 16 September 1991 - 31 December 2002: Independently floating 1 January 2003 - 31 March 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 April 2008 - 10 January 2010: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 11 January 2010 - 29 March 2010: Other managed arrangement 30 March 2010 - 28 June 2015: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 29 June 2015 - 4 June 2017: Other managed arrangement Since 5 June 2017: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate withan annual minimum rate of change) Haiti maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.HTG.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.HTG.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.HTG.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.HTG.USD.CA.AC.A01
Honduras
Capital Tegucigalpa
Central bank Banco Central de Honduras
Central bank's website https://www.bch.hn/
Currency Lempira
ISO currency code HNL
Subunits 100 centavos
Currency circulation Honduras
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
1 July 1950
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1934 - 12 March 1990: Pegged to the US dollar 13 March 1990 - 12 February 1992: Other managed floating 13 February 1992 - 16 July 1994: Free floating (market-determinedwith intervention in exceptional cases only) 17 July 1994 - 30 May 2005: Exchange rates within a crawling band 31 May 2005 - 29 April 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 30 April 2008 - 24 June 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 25 June 2011: Crawling peg (moving central rate without aband)
Time series BBEX3.A.HNL.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.HNL.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.HNL.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.HNL.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.HNL.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.HNL.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.HNL.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.HNL.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.HNL.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.HNL.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.HNL.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.HNL.USD.CA.AC.A01
Hong Kong
Capital Hong Kong
Central bank Hong Kong Monetary Authority
Central bank's website http://www.hkma.gov.hk/
Currency Hong Kong dollar
ISO currency code HKD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Hong Kong, Macao
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 February 1961
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
25 November 1974 - 16 October 1983: Independently floating Since 17 October 1983: Pegged to the US dollar
Comment Chinese Special Administrative Region since 1 July 1997 (formerly:British crown colony)
Time series BBEX3.A.HKD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.HKD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.HKD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.HKD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.HKD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.HKD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.HKD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.HKD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.HKD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.HKD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.HKD.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.HKD.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.HKD.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.HKD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.HKD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.HKD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.HKD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.HKD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.HKD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Hungary
Capital Budapest
Central bank Central Bank of Hungary
Central bank's website http://english.mnb.hu
Currency Hungarian forint
ISO currency code HUF
Subunits 100 fillér
Currency circulation Hungary
IMF membership Since 06 May 1982
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
01 January 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
6 May 1982 - 15 March 1995: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 16 March 1995 - 30 September 2001: Exchange rates against acurrency basket (70% ECU as of 1999, euro; 30% US dollar) within acrawling band 1 October 2001 - 25 February 2008: Pegged exchange rate againstthe euro within horizontal bands 26 February 2008 - 28 February 2009: Free floating (market-determined with intervention in exceptional cases only) Since 1 March 2009: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.HUF.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.HUF.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.HUF.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.HUF.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.HUF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.HUF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.HUF.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.HUF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.HUF.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.HUF.USD.CA.AC.A02
Iceland
Capital Reykjavík
Central bank Sedlabanki Islands
Central bank's website http://www.sedlabanki.is
Currency Icelandic krona
ISO currency code ISK
Currency circulation Iceland
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
ISK
Conversion rate 100 Icelandic krona (old) = 1 Icelandic krona (new); with effect from 1January 1981
Currency history 1 January 1981: Introduction of the new Icelandic krona (ISK);conversion rate: 100 Icelandic krona (old) = 1 Icelandic krona (new)
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
19 September 1983
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
15 June 1973 - 30 January 1977: Independently floating 31 January 1977 - 19 May 1988: Other managed floating 20 May 1988 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to a currency basket 1 January 1999 - 27 March 2001: Pegged exchange rate withinhorizontal bands 28 March 2001 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating 30 April 2008 - 14 October 2008: Free floating (market-determinedwith intervention in exceptional cases only) Since 15 October 2008: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.ISK.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.ISK.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.ISK.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ISK.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.ISK.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ISK.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.ISK.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.ISK.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ISK.USD.CA.AC.A01
India
Capital New Delhi
Central bank Reserve Bank of India
Central bank's website http://www.rbi.org.in
Currency Indian rupee
ISO currency code INR
Subunits 100 paise (since the introduction of the decimal currency on 1 April1957)
Currency circulation India Bhutan
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
20 August 1994
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
20 December 1971 - 24 September 1975: Pegged to the British poundsterling 25 September 1975 - 28 February 1993: Pegged to a currencybasket 1 March 1993 - 31 December 1999: Independently floating 1 January 2000 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate Since 30 April 2008: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)
Comment Units of account for larger amounts are as follows: 1 lakh (in digits:1,00,000) = 100,000 rupees; 1 crore (in digits: 1,00,00,000) = 100 lakh= 10,000,000 rupees.
Time series BBEX3.A.INR.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.INR.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.INR.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.INR.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.INR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.INR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.INR.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.INR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.INR.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.INR.USD.CA.AC.A02
Indonesia
Capital Jakarta
Central bank Bank Indonesia
Central bank's website http://www.bi.go.id/web/en
Currency Indonesian rupiah
ISO currency code IDR
Subunits 100 sen
Currency circulation Indonesia
Legacy currency Indonesian rupiah
Conversion rate 1,000 Indonesian rupiah (old) = 1 Indonesian rupiah (new); with effectfrom 13 December 1965
Currency history 3 October 1951: Introduction of the Indonesian rupiah; conversionrate: 1 Indonesian guilder = 1 Indonesian rupiah 13 December 1965: Introduction of the new Indonesian rupiah (IDR);conversion rate: 1,000 Indonesian rupiah (old) = 1 Indonesian rupiah(new)
IMF membership Since 21 February 1967
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
7 May 1988
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
23 August 1971 - 15 November 1978: Pegged to the US dollar 16 November 1978 - 30 March 1982: Pegged to a trade weightedcurrency basket 31 March 1982 - 29 March 1983: Flexibility limited vis-a-vis the USdollar 30 March 1983 - 13 August 1997: Other managed floating 14 August 1997 - 29 June 2001: Independently floating 30 June 2001 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 20 June 2010: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) 21 June 2010 - 13 February 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 14 February 2011 - 31 May 2012: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 June 2012 - 18 August 2013: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 19 August 2013 - 11 January 2017: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 12 January 2017 - 31 December 2017: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 1 January 2018: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.IDR.EUR.BB.AC.A04
BBEX3.D.IDR.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.IDR.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.IDR.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.IDR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.IDR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.IDR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.IDR.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.IDR.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.IDR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.IDR.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.IDR.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.IDR.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.IDR.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.IDR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.IDR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.IDR.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.IDR.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.IDR.USD.CA.AC.A01
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Capital Tehran
Central bank Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Central bank's website http://www.cbi.ir/default_en.aspx
Currency Iranian rial
ISO currency code IRR
Subunits 100 dinars
Currency circulation Iran, Islamic Republic of
IMF membership Since 28 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
6 September 2004
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
12 February 1975 - 31 March 1978: Pegged to the SDR 1 April 1978 - 21 May 1980: Pegged exchange rate within horizontalbands 22 May 1980 - 20 March 1993: Pegged to the SDR 21 March 1993 - May 1995: Independently floating May 1995 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 20 March 2002: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 21 March 2002 - 31 December 2004: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2005 - 30 September 2006: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 1 October 2006 - 3 January 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 4 January 2008 - 29 February 2008: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 1 March 2008 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 9 June 2009: Other managed arrangement 10 June 2009 - 30 April 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 May 2011 - 2 July 2013: Other managed arrangement 3 July 2013 - 23 March 2014: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 24 March 2014 - 6 August 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 7 August 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation) The Islamic Republic of Iran maintains a de facto exchange rateanchor to the US dollar.
Comment Alongside the official exchange rates, there are bureau de changerates (see time series).
The term "toman" (an old Persian currency) is also used to denote 10Iranian rials.
Time series BBEX3.A.IRR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.IRR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.IRR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.IRR.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.IRR.EUR.CA.AC.B04 BBEX3.A.IRR.USD.CA.AC.B04 BBEX3.M.IRR.EUR.CA.AC.B01 BBEX3.M.IRR.USD.CA.AC.B01
Iraq
Capital Baghdad
Central bank Central Bank of Iraq
Central bank's website http://www.cbi.iq
Currency Iraqi dinar
ISO currency code IQD
Subunits 1,000 fils
Currency circulation Iraq
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
20 September 1949 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the US dollar 1 January 1999 - 29 June 2001: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 June 2001 - 30 April 2004: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 May 2004 - 31 October 2006: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 1 November 2006 - 31 December 2008: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 1 January 2009 - 14 January 2012: Stabilised arrangement againstthe US dollar (exchange rate within a narrow band without any politicalobligation) Since 15 January 2012: Conventional peg (exchange rate guaranteebut no irrevocable parity)
Time series BBEX3.A.IQD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.IQD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.IQD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.IQD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.IQD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.IQD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.IQD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.IQD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.IQD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.IQD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.IQD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.IQD.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.IQD.EUR.CA.AB.B04 BBEX3.A.IQD.USD.CA.AB.B04 BBEX3.M.IQD.EUR.CA.AB.B01 BBEX3.M.IQD.USD.CA.AB.B01
Ireland
Capital Dublin
Central bank Central Bank of Ireland
Central bank's website http://www.centralbank.ie/
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Irish pound
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
IEP
Conversion rate 0.787564 Irish pounds = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999
Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:0.787564 Irish pounds = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from2002 onwards also in cash form)
IMF membership Since 8 August 1957
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 February 1961
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1826 - 29 March 1979: Pegged to the British pound sterling 13 March 1979 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)
Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999)
Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04
Israel
Capital Jerusalem
Central bank Bank of Israel
Central bank's website https://www.boi.org.il/en/Pages/Default.aspx
Currency New shekel
ISO currency code ILS
Subunits 100 agorot
Currency circulation Israel
Legacy currency Shekel
Conversion rate 1,000 shekel = 1 New shekel; with effect from 4 September 1985
Currency history 17 August 1948: Introduction of the Israeli pound (ILP); conversionrate: 1 Palestine pound = 1 Israeli pound 22 February 1980: Introduction of the shekel (ILS); conversion rate:10 Israeli pound = 1 shekel 4 September 1985: Introduction of the New shekel; conversion rate:1,000 shekel = 1 New shekel
IMF membership Since 12 July 1954
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
21 September 1993
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
5 August 1954 - 5 August 1975: Pegged to the US dollar 6 August 1975 - 27 October 1977: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 28 October 1977 - 30 December 1983: Independently floating 31 December 1983 - 31 July 1986: Other managed floating 1 August 1986 - 16 December 1991: Pegged to a currency basket 17 December 1991 - 31 December 2003: Other managed floating 1 January 2004 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating 30 April 2008 - 9 August 2009: Free floating (market-determined withintervention in exceptional cases only) 10 August 2009 - 31 July 2011: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 August 2011 - 12 May 2013: Free floating (market-determined withintervention in exceptional cases only) Since 13 May 2013: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.ILS.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.ILS.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.ILS.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ILS.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.ILS.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ILS.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.ILS.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.ILS.EUR.CA.AC.A01
BBEX3.M.ILS.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ILS.USD.CA.AC.A02
Italy
Capital Rome
Central bank Bank of Italy
Central bank's website http://www.bancaditalia.it
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Italian lira
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
ITL
Conversion rate 1,936.27 Italian lire = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999
Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:1,936.27 Italian lire = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from 2002onwards also in cash form)
IMF membership Since 27 March 1947
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 February 1961
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
24 April 1972 - 12 February 1973: Cooperative arrangement(European common margins arrangement) 13 February 1973: Withdrawal from the cooperative arrangement(European common margins arrangement) 13 February 1973 - 12 March 1979: Independently floating 13 March 1979 - 16 September 1992: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) 17 September 1992: Withdrawal from the European MonetarySystem 17 September 1992 - 24 November 1996: Independently floating 25 November 1996 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)
Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999)
Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01
BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04
Jamaica
Capital Kingston
Central bank Bank of Jamaica
Central bank's website http://www.boj.org.jm/
Currency Jamaican dollar
ISO currency code JMD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Jamaica
Legacy currency Jamaican pound
Conversion rate 1 Jamaican pound = 2 Jamaican dollar; with effect from 8 September1969
Currency history 8 September 1969: Introduction of the Jamaican dollar (JMD);conversion rate: 1 Jamaican pound = 2 Jamaican dollar
IMF membership Since 21 February 1963
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
22 February 1963
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
18 December 1971 - 23 November 1983: Pegged to the US dollar 24 November 1983 - 3 September 1984: Other managed floating 4 September 1984 - 30 December 1986: Independently floating 31 December 1986 - 31 October 1989: Other managed floating 1 November 1989 - 16 September 1990: Pegged to the US dollar 17 September 1990 - 31 December 1998: Independently floating 1 January 1999 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 9 February 2009: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 10 February 2009 - 31 May 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 June 2011 - 30 October 2016: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 31 October 2016 - 14 September 2017: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 15 September 2017: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)
Comment Independent since 6 August 1962 (formerly: British colony)
Time series BBEX3.A.JMD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.JMD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.JMD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.JMD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.JMD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.JMD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.JMD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.JMD.EUR.CA.AB.A01
BBEX3.M.JMD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.JMD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.JMD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.JMD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Japan
Capital Tokyo
Central bank Bank of Japan
Central bank's website https://www.boj.or.jp/en/index.htm/
Currency Japanese yen
ISO currency code JPY
Subunits 100 sen
Currency circulation Japan
IMF membership Since 13 August 1952
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
1 April 1964
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Since 14 February 1973: Independently floating
Time series BBEX3.A.JPY.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.JPY.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.JPY.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.JPY.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.JPY.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.JPY.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.JPY.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.JPY.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.JPY.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.JPY.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.JPY.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.JPY.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.JPY.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.JPY.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.JPY.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.JPY.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.JPY.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.JPY.USD.CA.AA.A02 BBEX3.M.JPY.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.JPY.USD.CA.AB.A02 BBEX3.M.JPY.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.JPY.USD.CA.AC.A02
Jordan
Capital Amman
Central bank Central Bank of Jordan
Central bank's website http://www.cbj.gov.jo/
Currency Jordanian dinar
ISO currency code JOD
Subunits 1,000 fils
Currency circulation Jordan
Legacy currency Palestine pound
Conversion rate 1 Palestine pound = 1 Jordanian dinar; with effect from 1 July 1950
Currency history 1 July 1950: Introduction of the Jordanian dinar (JOD); conversionrate: 1 Palestine pound = 1 Jordanian dinar
IMF membership Since 29 August 1952
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
20 February 1995
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
22 February 1975 - 7 February 1989: Pegged to the SDR 8 February 1989 - 30 May 1989: Pegged to the US dollar 31 May 1989 - 22 October 1995: Pegged to a currency basket Since 23 October 1995: Pegged to the US dollar
Time series BBEX3.A.JOD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.JOD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.JOD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.JOD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.JOD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.JOD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.JOD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.JOD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.JOD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.JOD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.JOD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.JOD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Kazakhstan
Capital Nur-Sultan (Renamed to March 23, 2019, before Astana)
Central bank National Bank of Kazakhstan
Central bank's website http://www.nationalbank.kz
Currency Tenge
ISO currency code KZT
Subunits 100 tiyn
Currency circulation Kazakhstan
Legacy currency Russian rouble
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
RUR
Conversion rate 500 Russian rouble = 1 tenge, with effect from 15. November 1993
Currency history 15 November 1993: Introduction of the tenge (KZT); conversion rate:500 Russian rouble (RUR) = 1 tenge
IMF membership Since 15 July 1992
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
16 July 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
14 August 1992 - 14 November 1993: Use of the Soviet/Russianrouble as legal tender 15 November 1993 - 30 December 1997: Independently floating 31 December 1997 - 1 April 1999: Other managed floating 2 April 1999 - 29 September 2000: Independently floating 30 September 2000 - 30 September 2007: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 October 2007 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 3 February 2009: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 4 February 2009 - 30 April 2009: Pegged exchange rate withinhorizontal bands 1 May 2009 - 27 October 2009: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 28 October 2009 - 10 February 2014: Crawl-like arrangement(moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 11 February 2014 - 19 August 2015: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 20 August 2015 - 14 December 2015: Other managed arrangement Since 15 December 2015: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.KZT.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.KZT.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.KZT.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.KZT.USD.CA.AC.000
BBEX3.M.KZT.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KZT.USD.CA.AC.A01
Kenya
Capital Nairobi
Central bank Central Bank of Kenya
Central bank's website http://www.centralbank.go.ke/
Currency Kenya shilling
ISO currency code KES
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Kenya
Legacy currency East African shilling
Conversion rate 1 East African shilling = 1 Kenya shilling; with effect from 14September 1966
Currency history 14 September 1966: Introduction of the Kenya shilling (KES);conversion rate: 1 East African shilling = 1 Kenya shilling
IMF membership Since 3 February 1964
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
30 June 1994
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
11 October 1971 - 26 October 1975: Pegged to the US dollar 27 October 1975 - 30 December 1987: Pegged to the SDR 31 December 1987 - 17 October 1993: Pegged to a currency basket 18 October 1993 - 29 April 1998: Independently floating 30 April 1998 - 3 November 2015: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 4 November 2015 - 30 October 2018: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 31 October 2018: Other managed arrangement
Comment The term "Kenya pound" is a unit of account equivalent to 20 Kenyashillings.
Time series BBEX3.A.KES.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.KES.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.KES.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.KES.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.KES.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.KES.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.KES.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.KES.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.KES.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KES.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.KES.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.KES.USD.CA.AC.A01
Kiribati
Capital Bairiki (Tarawa)
Currency Australian dollar
ISO currency code AUD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Australia, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Kiribati, Nauru, NorfolkIsland, Tuvalu
IMF membership Since 3 June 1986
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
22 August 1986
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Since 12 July 1979: Use of the Australian dollar as legal tender
Comment Independent since 12 July 1979; local currency is also in use.
Time series BBEX3.A.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.AUD.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AUD.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.AUD.USD.CM.AC.000 BBEX3.M.AUD.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AUD.USD.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AUD.USD.CM.AC.A02
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
Capital Pyongyang
Central bank Central Bank of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Currency North Korean won
ISO currency code KPW
Subunits 100 chon
Currency circulation Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
Legacy currency Won
Conversion rate 100 North Korean won (old) = 1 North Korean won (new); with effectfrom 1 January 2010
Currency history February 1959: Introduction of the new North Korean won (KPW);conversion rate: 100 North Korean won (old) = 1 North Korean won(new) 1 January 2010: Introduction of the new North Korean won (KPW);conversion rate: 100 North Korean won (old) = 1 North Korean won(new)
IMF membership Non-IMF-member
Comment According to unconfirmed press reports, the currency changeoveroccurred at the end of November/beginning of December 2009. Untilthe end of December 2009, exchange rates were communicated inwon (old); according to the Foreign Trade Bank of the DemocraticPeople's Republic of Korea, the "new" rates took effect from 1 January2010.
Time series BBEX3.A.KPW.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.KPW.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.KPW.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.KPW.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.KPW.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.KPW.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.KPW.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.KPW.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.KPW.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KPW.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.KPW.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.KPW.USD.CA.AC.A01
Korea, Republic of
Capital Seoul
Central bank The Bank of Korea
Central bank's website http://eng.bok.or.kr/
Currency South Korean won
ISO currency code KRW
Subunits 100 chon
Currency circulation Korea, Republic of
Legacy currency Hwan
Conversion rate 10 hwan = 1 South Korean won; with effect from 10 June 1962
Currency history 17 February 1953: Introduction of the hwan; conversion rate: 100 won= 1 hwan 10 June 1962: Introduction of the South Korean won (KRW);conversion rate: 10 hwan = 1 South Korean won
IMF membership Since 26 August 1955
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
1 November 1988
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
10 June 1962 - 26 February 1980: Pegged to the US dollar 27 February 1980 - 1 March 1990: Pegged to a currency basket 2 March 1990 - 15 December 1997: Other managed floating 16 December 1997 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating 30 April 2008 - 30 April 2009: Free floating (market-determined withintervention in exceptional cases only) Since 1 May 2009: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.KRW.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.KRW.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.KRW.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KRW.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.KRW.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.KRW.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.KRW.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.KRW.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.KRW.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.KRW.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.KRW.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.KRW.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.KRW.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.KRW.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.KRW.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.KRW.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KRW.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.KRW.USD.CA.AA.A02
BBEX3.M.KRW.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.KRW.USD.CA.AB.A02 BBEX3.M.KRW.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KRW.USD.CA.AC.A02
Kosovo
Capital Pristina
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
IMF membership Since 29 June 2009
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Since 17 February 2008: Use of the euro as legal tender
Comment Independent (from Serbia) since 17 February 2008
Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02
Kuwait
Capital Kuwait
Central bank Central Bank of Kuwait
Central bank's website http://www.cbk.gov.kw
Currency Kuwaiti dinar
ISO currency code KWD
Subunits 1,000 fils
Currency circulation Kuwait
Legacy currency Gulf rupee (parity in relation to the Indian rupee)
Conversion rate 1 Gulf rupee = 0,075 Kuwaiti dinar; with effect from 1 April 1961
Currency history 1 April 1961: Introduction of the Kuwaiti dinar (KWD); conversion rate:1 Gulf rupee = 0.075 Kuwaiti dinar
IMF membership Since 13 September 1962
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
5 April 1963
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
26 April 1963 - 17 March 1975: Pegged to the US dollar 18 March 1975 - 4 January 2003: Pegged to a currency basket 5 January 2003 - 19 May 2007: Pegged to the US dollar 20 May 2007 - 28 February 2009: Other managed floating Since 1 March 2009: Pegged to a currency basket
Comment Independent since 19 June 1961
Time series BBEX3.A.KWD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.KWD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.KWD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.KWD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.KWD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.KWD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.KWD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.KWD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.KWD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KWD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.KWD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.KWD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Kyrgyzstan
Capital Bishkek
Central bank National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic
Central bank's website http://www.nbkr.kg
Currency Kyrgyz som
ISO currency code KGS
Subunits 100 tyiyn
Currency circulation Kyrgyzstan
Legacy currency Soviet rouble
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
RUR
Conversion rate 200 Soviet rouble = 1 Kyrgyz som; with effect from 10 May 1993
Currency history 10 May 1993: Introduction of the Kyrgyz som (KGS); conversion rate:200 rouble = 1 Kyrgyz som
IMF membership Since 08 May 1992
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
29 March 1995
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
31 August 1991 - 14 May 1993: Use of the Soviet rouble as legaltender 15 May 1993 - 30 December 1995: Independently floating 31 December 1995 - 28 February 2007: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 March 2007 - 30 September 2007: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement against the US dollar 1 October 2007 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 10 July 2017: Other managed arrangement Since 11 July 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation) Kyrgyzstan maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the USdollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.KGS.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.KGS.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.KGS.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.KGS.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.KGS.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.KGS.USD.CA.AC.A01
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Capital Vientiane
Central bank Bank of the Lao PDR
Central bank's website http://www.bol.gov.la/english/index1.php
Currency Kip
ISO currency code LAK
Currency circulation Lao People s Democratic Republic
Legacy currency Liberation kip
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
LAK
Conversion rate 100 libération kip = 1 kip; with effect from 10 December 1979
Currency history 5 May 1955: Introduction of the kip; conversion rate: 1 Indochinesepiastre = 1 kip 15 June 1976: Introduction of the kip de libération (LAK); conversionrate: 20 kip = 1 kip de libération 10 December 1979: Introduction of the kip (also initially know as thenew kip); conversion rate: 100 kip de libération = 1 kip
IMF membership Since 5 July 1961
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
28 May 2010
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
16 December 1969 - October 1988: Pegged to the US dollar October 1988 - 29 September 1995: Other managed floating 30 September 1995 - 30 March 1997: Independently floating 31 March 1997 - 31 December 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2007 - 30 November 2007: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 1 December 2007 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 11 March 2008: Other managed arrangement 12 March 2008 - 31 December 2012: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 January 2013 - 21 January 2015: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 22 January 2015 - 1 September 2016: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 2 September 2016: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) Lao maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.LAK.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.LAK.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.LAK.EUR.CA.AC.A04
BBEX3.A.LAK.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.LAK.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.LAK.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.LAK.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.LAK.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.LAK.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.LAK.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.LAK.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.LAK.USD.CA.AC.A01
Latvia
Capital Riga
Central bank Bank of Latvia
Central bank's website http://www.bank.lv/
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Latvian lats
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
LVL
Conversion rate 0.702804 Latvian lats = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 2014
Currency history 7 May 1992: Introduction of the Latvian rouble (LVR); conversion rate:1 Soviet rouble = 1 Latvian rouble; the Soviet rouble was also legaltender until 19 July 1992 28 June 1993: Introduction of the Latvian lats (LVL); conversion rate:200 Latvian roubles = 1 Latvian lats; the Latvian rouble was also legaltender (at this rate) until 17 October 1993 1 January 2014: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:0.702804 Latvian lats = 1 euro
IMF membership Since 19 May 1992
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
10 June 1994
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
7 May 1992 - 19 July 1992: Pegged to the Soviet rouble 20 July 1992 - 31 January 1994: Independently floating 1 February 1994 - 31 December 2004: Pegged to the SDR 1 January 2005 - 31 December 2013: Pegged to the euro (from 2May 2005: Exchange rate mechanism II) Since 1 January 2014: Free floating (European Monetary Union)
Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 2014)
Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04
Lebanon
Capital Beirut
Central bank Banque du Liban
Central bank's website http://www.bdl.gov.lb
Currency Lebanese pound
ISO currency code LBP
Subunits 100 piastres
Currency circulation Lebanon
IMF membership Since 14 April 1947
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
1 July 1993
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1 January 1965 - 31 December 1998: Independently floating 1 January 1999 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement Since 30 April 2008: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation)
Time series BBEX3.A.LBP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.LBP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.LBP.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.LBP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.LBP.USD.CA.AC.A01
Lesotho
Capital Maseru
Central bank Central Bank of Lesotho
Central bank's website http://www.centralbank.org.ls
Currency Loti (plural: maloti)
ISO currency code LSL
Subunits 100 lisente
Currency circulation Lesotho
Legacy currency South African rand
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
ZAR
Conversion rate 1 South African rand = 1 loti; with effect from 19 January 1980
Currency history 19 January 1980: Introduction of the loti (LSL); conversion rate: 1(South African) rand = 1 loti
IMF membership Since 25 July 1968
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
5 March 1997
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Since 19 January 1980: Pegged to the South African rand
Comment The South African rand is likewise legal tender alongside the loti.
Time series BBEX3.A.LSL.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.LSL.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.LSL.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.LSL.USD.CA.AC.A01
Liberia
Capital Monrovia
Central bank Central Bank of Liberia
Central bank's website http://www.cbl.org.lr/
Currency Liberian dollar
ISO currency code LRD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Liberia
IMF membership Since 28 March 1962
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1 January 1944 - 29 October 1997: Pegged to the US dollar 30 October 1997 - 31 December 2004: Independently floating 1 January 2005 - 7 January 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 8 January 2008 - 28 February 2009: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 March 2009 - 4 January 2011: Other managed arrangement 5 January 2011 - 6 November 2011: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 7 November 2011 - 22 July 2018: Other managed arrangement Since 23 July 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate withan annual minimum rate of change)
Comment The US dollar is likewise legal tender alongside the Liberian dollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.LRD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.LRD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.LRD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.LRD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.LRD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.LRD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.LRD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.LRD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.LRD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.LRD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.LRD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.LRD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Libya
Capital Tripoli
Central bank Central Bank of Libya
Central bank's website http://www.cbl.gov.ly/en/
Currency Libyan dinar
ISO currency code LYD
Subunits 1,000 dirham
Currency circulation Libya
Legacy currency Libyan pound
Conversion rate 1 Libyan pound = 1 Libyan dinar; with effect from 1 September 1971
Currency history 24 March 1952: Introduction of the Libyan pound; conversion rate forTripolitania: 480 British Military Authority lire = 1 Libyan pound, forCyrenaica: 0.975 Egyptian pound = 1 Libyan pound, for Fezzan: 980Algerian francs = 1 Libyan pound 1 September 1971: Introduction of the Libyan dinar (LYD); conversionrate: 1 Libyan pound = 1 Libyan dinar
IMF membership Since 17 September 1958
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
21 June 2003
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
August 1959 - 17 March 1986: Pegged to the US dollar 18 March 1986 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the SDR 1 January 1999 - 29 June 2001: Pegged exchange rate withinhorizontal bands 30 June 2001 - 11 March 2014: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 12 March 2014 - 26 January 2015: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 27 January 2015: Conventional peg (exchange rate guaranteebut no irrevocable parity)
Comment Independent as of 24 December 1951 as the United Kingdom of Libya(comprised the three historical regions Tripolitania, Cyrenaica andFezzan). As of 1 September 1969, the Libyan Arab Republic. From March 1977 to 2011, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.
Time series BBEX3.A.LYD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.LYD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.LYD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.LYD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.LYD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.LYD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.LYD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.LYD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.LYD.EUR.CA.AC.A01
BBEX3.M.LYD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.LYD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.LYD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Lithuania
Capital Vilnius
Central bank The Bank of Lithuania
Central bank's website http://www.lbank.lt
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Lithuanian litas
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
LTL
Conversion rate 3.45280 litas = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 2015
Currency history 1 October 1992: Having existed for some months in the form ofcoupons, the temporary currency, the talonas (LTT), becomes the solelegal tender; conversion rate: 1 Soviet rouble = 1 talonas 25 June 1993: Introduction of the Lithuanien litas (LTL); conversionrate: 100 talonas = 1 Lithuanien litas. The talonas also remained legaltender (at this rate) until 19 July 1993 1 January 2015: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:3.45280 Lithuanien litas = 1 euro
IMF membership Since 29 April 1992
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
3 May 1994
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1 May 1992 - 31 March 1994: Independently floating 1 April 1994 - 1 February 2002: Pegged to the US dollar 2 February 2002 - 31 December 2014: Pegged to the euro (from 28June 2004: Exchange rate mechanism II) Since 1 January 2015: Free floating (European Monetary Union)
Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 2015)
Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04
Luxembourg
Capital Luxembourg
Central bank Central Bank of Luxembourg
Central bank's website http://www.bcl.lu/en/index.php
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Luxembourg franc
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
LUF
Conversion rate 40.3399 Luxembourg francs = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999
Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:40.3399 Luxembourg francs = 1 euro (initially only as book money,from 2002 onwards also in cash form)
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 February 1961
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
24 April 1972 - 12 March 1979: Cooperative arrangement (Europeancommon margins arrangement) 13 March 1979 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)
Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999)
Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04
Macao
Capital Macao
Central bank Monetary Authority of Macao
Central bank's website https://www.amcm.gov.mo/en
Currency Pataca
ISO currency code MOP
Subunits 100 avos
Currency circulation Macao
IMF membership Non-IMF-member
Comment Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China;administered by Portugal up until 19 December 1999. The Hong Kong dollar, to which the pataca is pegged at a rateof HKD 100 = MOP 103, is in circulation as a common currencyalongside the pataca.
Time series BBEX3.A.MOP.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MOP.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MOP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MOP.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MOP.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MOP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.MOP.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MOP.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MOP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MOP.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MOP.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MOP.USD.CA.AC.A01
Madagascar
Capital Antananarivo
Central bank Central Bank of Madagascar
Central bank's website https://www.banky-foibe.mg
Currency Ariary
ISO currency code MGA
Subunits 5 iraimbilanja
Currency circulation Madagascar
Legacy currency Malagasy franc
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
MGF
Conversion rate 5 Malagasy franc = 1 ariary; with effect from 31 July 2003
Currency history 1 July 1963: Introduction of the Malagasy franc (MGF); conversionrate: 1 CFA franc = 1 Malagasy franc 31 July 2003: Introduction of the ariary (MGA); conversion rate: 5Malagasy franc = 1 ariary
IMF membership Since 25 September 1963
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
18 September 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1960 - 1 April 1982: Pegged to the French franc 2 April 1982 - 10 August 1986: Pegged to a currency basket 11 August 1986 - 8 May 1994: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 9 May 1994 - 31 December 2004: Independently floating 1 January 2005 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate Since 30 April 2008: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)
Comment On 31 July 2003, the ariary was introduced as a new currencyalongside the Malagasy franc at a rate of 5 Malagasy franc = 1ariary. Since this date, banknotes denominated in ariary have been incirculation as legal tender alongside the Malagasy franc. Until the endof 2004, all prices appeared in both currencies; since 1 January 2005,the ariary has been the sole legal tender.
Time series BBEX3.A.MGA.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MGA.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.MGA.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.MGA.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.MGA.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MGA.USD.CA.AC.A01
Malawi
Capital Lilongwe
Central bank Reserve Bank of Malawi
Central bank's website http://www.rbm.mw/
Currency Malawi kwacha
ISO currency code MWK
Subunits 100 tambala
Currency circulation Malawi
Legacy currency Malawi pound
Conversion rate 1 Malawi pound = 2 Malawi kwacha; with effect from 15 February1971
Currency history April 1957: Introduction of the Rhodesian pound; conversion rate: 1Southern Rhodesian pound = 1 Rhodesian pound 16 November 1964: Introduction of the Malawi pound; conversionrate: 1 Rhodesian pound = 1 Malawi pound 15 February 1971: Introduction of the Malawi kwacha (MWK);conversion rate: 1 Malawi pound = 2 Malawi kwacha
IMF membership Since 19 July 1965
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
7 December 1995
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
9 June 1975 - 16 January 1984: Pegged to the SDR 17 January 1984 - 6 February 1994: Pegged to a currency basket 7 February 1994 - 30 December 1997: Independently floating 31 December 1997 - 26 April 2000: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 27 April 2000 - 31 December 2004: Independently floating 1 January 2005 - 31 December 2005: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2006 - 29 April 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 30 April 2008 - 1 December 2009: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 2 December 2009 - 31 January 2010: Other managed arrangement 1 February 2010 - 7 August 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 8 August 2011 - 6 May 2012: Other managed arrangement 7 May 2012 - 2 August 2016: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) Since 3 August 2016: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation) Malawi maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.
Comment From 1891 British protectorate, since 1907 named Nyasaland; 1August 1953 to 31 December 1963 part of the Federation of Rhodesiaand Nyasaland. On 6 July 1964, Nyasaland became independent andwas renamed Malawi.
Time series BBEX3.A.MWK.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MWK.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MWK.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MWK.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MWK.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MWK.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.MWK.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MWK.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MWK.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MWK.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MWK.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MWK.USD.CA.AC.A01
Malaysia
Capital Kuala Lumpur; Seat of Government: Putrajaya
Central bank Central Bank of Malaysia (Bank Negara Malaysia)
Central bank's website http://www.bnm.gov.my/
Currency Malaysian ringgit (until 20 August 1975 Malaysian dollar)
ISO currency code MYR
Subunits 100 sen
Currency circulation Malaysia
Legacy currency Malayan dollar
Conversion rate 1 Malayan dollar = 1 Malaysian dollar; with effect from 12 June 1967
Currency history 12 June 1967: Introduction of the Malaysian dollar; conversion rate: 1Malayan dollar = 1 Malaysian dollar 21 August 1975: Change of currency name from the Malaysian dollarto the Malaysian ringgit (MYR)
IMF membership Since 7 March 1958
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
11 November 1968
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
21 June 1973 - 26 September 1975: Independently floating 27 September 1975 - 1993: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 1993 - 1 September 1998: Other managed floating (taking intoaccount a trade weighted currency basket) 2 September 1998 - 31 December 2005: Pegged to the US dollar 1 January 2006 - 31 December 2008: Floating (market-determinedwith more frequent modes of intervention) 1 January 2009 - 25 September 2016: Other managed arrangement(oriented to a currency basket) Since 26 September 2016: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.MYR.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.MYR.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.MYR.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MYR.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.MYR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MYR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MYR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MYR.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MYR.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MYR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.MYR.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.MYR.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.MYR.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.MYR.EUR.CA.AA.A01
BBEX3.M.MYR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MYR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MYR.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MYR.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MYR.USD.CA.AC.A01
Maldives
Capital Malé
Central bank Maldives Monetary Authority
Central bank's website http://www.mma.gov.mv
Currency Rufiyaa (until 16 June 1981 Maldivian rupee)
ISO currency code MVR
Subunits 100 laari
Currency circulation Maldives
IMF membership Since 13 January 1978
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
13 January 1978 - 17 November 1979: Pegged to the US dollar 18 November 1979 - 30 March 1982: Other managed floating 31 March 1982 - 30 June 1985: Flexibility limited vis-a-vis the USdollar 1 July 1985 - 28 February 1987: Pegged to a currency basket 1 March 1987 - October 1994: Independently floating October 1994 - 10 April 2011: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement Since 11 April 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation)
Time series BBEX3.A.MVR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MVR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.MVR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MVR.USD.CA.AC.A01
Mali
Capital Bamako
Central bank Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO)
Central bank's website http://www.bceao.int
Currency CFA franc
ISO currency code XOF
Currency circulation Mali, Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Niger,Senegal, Togo
Legacy currency Mali franc
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
MLF
Conversion rate 2 Malian francs = 1 CFA franc; with effect from 1 June 1984
Currency history 1 July 1962: Introduction of the Malian franc (MLF); conversion rate: 1CFA franc = 1 Malian franc 1 June 1984: Introduction of the CFA franc (XOF); conversion rate: 2Malian franc = 1 CFA franc
IMF membership Since 27 September 1963
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
01 June 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, West African Monetary Union; as of 1994, West AfricanEconomic and Monetary Union) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (West African Economicand Monetary Union)
Comment Member state of the West African Economic and Monetary Union(UEMOA = Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine) On 20 June 1960, together with present-day Senegal independentfrom France as the Mali Federation; on 20 August 1960 withdrawalfrom the Mali Federation; full independence since 22 September 1960
Time series BBEX3.A.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Malta
Capital Valletta
Central bank Central Bank of Malta
Central bank's website http://www.centralbankmalta.org/
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Maltese lira
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
MTL
Conversion rate 0.429300 Maltese lira = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 2008
Currency history 1 January 1983: Change of currency name from the Maltese pound(MTP) to the Maltese lira (MTL) 1 January 2008: Introduction of the euro; conversion rate: 0.429300Maltese lira = 1 euro
IMF membership Since 11 September 1968
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
30 November 1994
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
8 July 1972 - 1 May 2005: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 2 May 2005 - 31 December 2007: Pegged to the euro (Exchange ratemechanism II) Since 1 January 2008: Free floating (European Monetary Union)
Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 2008)
Time series BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04
Marshall Islands
Capital Majuro
Currency US dollar
ISO currency code USD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Marshall Islands, American Samoa, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands,Ecuador, El Salvador, Guam, Federated States of Micronesia,Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saba, SaintEustatius, Timor-Leste, Turks and Caicos Islands, United States,Virgin Islands of the United States
IMF membership Since 21 May 1992
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
21 May 1992
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Use of the US dollar as legal tender
Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02
Mauritania
Capital Nouakchott
Central bank Banque Centrale de Mauritanie
Central bank's website https://www.bcm.mr/
Currency Ouguiya
ISO currency code MRU
Currency circulation Mauritania
Legacy currency Ouguiya
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
MRO
Conversion rate 10 (old) ouguiya = 1 (new) ouguiya; with effect from 1 January 2018
Currency history 29 June 1973: Introduction of the ouguiya (MRO); conversion rate: 5CFA francs = 1 ouguiya 1 January 2018: Introduction of the ouguiya (MRU); conversion rate:10 (old) ouguiya = 1 (new) ouguiya
IMF membership Since 10 September 1963
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
19 July 1999
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
22 January 1974 - March 1987: Pegged to a currency basket March 1987 - 29 June 1992: Other managed floating 30 June 1992 - 30 December 1995: Pegged to a currency basket 31 December 1995 - 29 April 1997: Independently floating 30 April 1997 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 30 May 2005: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 31 May 2005 - 30 April 2007: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 1 May 2007 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with no predeterminedpath for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 8 September 2014: Other managed arrangement Since 9 September 2014: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) Mauritania maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the USdollar.
Comment Independent since 28 November 1960 (formerly: French colony)
Time series BBEX3.A.MRU.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MRU.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MRU.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MRU.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MRU.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MRU.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.MRU.EUR.CA.AA.A01
BBEX3.M.MRU.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MRU.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MRU.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MRU.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MRU.USD.CA.AC.A01
Mauritius
Capital Port Louis
Central bank Bank of Mauritius
Central bank's website https://www.bom.mu
Currency Mauritian rupee
ISO currency code MUR
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Mauritius
IMF membership Since 23 September 1968
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
29 September 1993
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
12 March 1968 - 4 January 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling 5 January 1976 - 27 February 1983: Pegged to the SDR 28 February 1983 - 30 June 1994: Pegged to a trade weightedcurrency basket 1 July 1994 - 30 December 1998: Other managed floating 31 December 1998 - 29 June 2001: Independently floating 30 June 2001 - 31 October 2008: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 November 2008 - 30 June 2010: Free floating (market-determinedwith intervention in exceptional cases only) Since 1 July 2010: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)
Comment Independent since 12 March 1968
Time series BBEX3.A.MUR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MUR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MUR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MUR.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MUR.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MUR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.MUR.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MUR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MUR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MUR.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MUR.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MUR.USD.CA.AC.A01
Mexico
Capital Mexico City
Central bank Banco de México
Central bank's website https://www.banxico.org.mx/
Currency Mexican peso (until 31 December 1995 Mexican new peso)
ISO currency code MXN
Subunits 100 centavos
Currency circulation Mexico
Legacy currency Mexican peso
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
MXP
Conversion rate 1,000 Mexican pesos = 1 Mexican new peso; with effect from 1January 1993
Currency history 1 January 1993: Introduction of the Mexican new peso (MXN);conversion rate: 1,000 Mexican pesos = 1 Mexican new peso(designated as Mexican peso since 1 January 1996)
IMF membership Since 31 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
12 November 1946
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
31 August 1976 - 31 August 1982: Other managed floating 1 September 1982 - 19 December 1982: Pegged to the US dollar 20 December 1982 - 21 December 1994: Other managed floating 22 December 1994 - 19 May 2015: Independently floating 20 May 2015 - 19 November 2015: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) Since 20 November 2015: Free floating (market-determined withintervention in exceptional cases only)
Time series BBEX3.A.MXN.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.MXN.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.MXN.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MXN.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.MXN.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MXN.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MXN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MXN.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MXN.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MXN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.MXN.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.MXN.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.MXN.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.MXN.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MXN.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MXN.EUR.CA.AC.A01
BBEX3.M.MXN.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MXN.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MXN.USD.CA.AC.A01
Micronesia, Federated States of
Capital Palikir
Currency US dollar
ISO currency code USD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Federated States of Micronesia, American Samoa, Bonaire, BritishVirgin Islands, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guam, Marshall Islands,Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saba, SaintEustatius, Timor-Leste, Turks and Caicos Islands, United States,Virgin Islands of the United States
IMF membership Since 24 June 1993
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
24 June 1993
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Use of the US dollar as legal tender
Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02
Moldova, Republic of
Capital Chisinau
Central bank National Bank of Moldova
Central bank's website http://www.bnm.md/en/
Currency Moldovan leu
ISO currency code MDL
Subunits 100 bani
Currency circulation Moldova, Republic of
Legacy currency Moldovan rouble
Conversion rate 1,000 Moldovan rouble = 1 Moldovan leu; with effect from 29November 1993
Currency history June 1992: Introduction of the Moldovan rouble (in the form ofcoupons) as legal tender in parallel to the Soviet rouble End-July 1993: The Moldovan rouble becomes the sole legal tender;conversion rate: initially 1 Soviet rouble (SUR) = 1 Moldovan rouble;then market price formation 29 November 1993: Introduction of the Moldovan leu (MDL);conversion rate: 1,000 Moldovan rouble = 1 Moldovan leu
IMF membership Since 12 August 1992
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
30 June 1995
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
27 August 1991 - June 1992: Use of the Soviet rouble as legal tender June 1992 - 8 August 1993: Pegged to the Soviet/Russian rouble 9 August 1993 - 29 June 2002: Independently floating 30 June 2002 - 31 December 2004: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2005 - 31 October 2005: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 1 November 2005 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate Since 30 April 2008: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.MDL.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MDL.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.MDL.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.MDL.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.MDL.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MDL.USD.CA.AC.A01
Mongolia
Capital Ulan Bator
Central bank Bank of Mongolia
Central bank's website http://www.mongolbank.mn
Currency Togrog (The notation for foreign countries has changed from tugrik totogrog on 12 December 1998.)
ISO currency code MNT
Subunits 100 mongo
Currency circulation Mongolia
IMF membership Since 14 February 1991
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
1 February 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
July 1990 - 26 May 1993: Pegged to the US dollar 27 May 1993 - 30 December 2001: Independently floating 31 December 2001 - 31 May 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 June 2006 - 31 October 2008: Stabilised arrangement against theUS dollar (exchange rate within a narrow band without any politicalobligation) 1 November 2008 - 23 March 2009: Other managed arrangement 24 March 2009 - 17 September 2017: Floating (market-determinedwith more frequent modes of intervention) 18 September 2017 - 10 April 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 11 April 2018: Other managed arrangement
Time series BBEX3.A.MNT.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MNT.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.MNT.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MNT.USD.CA.AC.A01
Montenegro
Capital Podgorica
Central bank Central Bank of Montenegro
Central bank's website https://www.cbcg.me/en
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Deutsche Mark
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
DEM
Conversion rate 1.95583 Deutsche Mark = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999
Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:1.95583 Deutsche Mark = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from2002 onwards also in cash form)
IMF membership Since 18 January 2007
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
18 January 2007
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
11 November 2000 - 31 December 2001: Use of the Deutsche Markas legal tender Since 1 January 2002: Use of the euro as legal tender
Comment Independent since 3 June 2006 (dissolution of "Serbia andMontenegro" (since 4 February 2003) into the successor states"Serbia" and "Montenegro"; previously, from 27 April 1992 until 3February 2003, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) The Deutsche Mark was the only official currency of the YugoslavConstituent Republic of Montenegro from 11 November 2000 until 31December 2001. The euro was introduced as legal tender with effectfrom 1 January 2002.
Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02
Morocco
Capital Rabat
Central bank Bank Al-Maghrib
Central bank's website http://www.bkam.ma
Currency Moroccan dirham
ISO currency code MAD
Subunits 100 centimes
Currency circulation Morocco, Western Sahara
Legacy currency Moroccan franc
Conversion rate 100 Moroccan francs = 1 Moroccan dirham; with effect from 19October 1959
Currency history 19 October 1959: Introduction of the Moroccan dirham (MAD);conversion rate: 100 Moroccan francs = 1 Moroccan dirham
IMF membership Since 25 April 1958
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
21 January 1993
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
18 May 1973 - 14 January 2018: Pegged to a currency basket Since 15 January 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rateagainst a currency basket within a narrow band without any politicalobligation)
Time series BBEX3.A.MAD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MAD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.MAD.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.MAD.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.MAD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MAD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Mozambique
Capital Maputo
Central bank Banco de Moçambique
Central bank's website http://www.bancomoc.mz/
Currency Metical
ISO currency code MZN
Subunits 100 centavos
Currency circulation Mozambique
Legacy currency Metical
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
MZM
Conversion rate 1,000 metical (old) = 1 metical (new); with effect from 1 July 2006
Currency history 16 June 1980: Introduction of the metical (MZM); conversion rate: 1Mozambican escudo (MZE) = 1 metical 1 July 2006: Introduction of the (new) metical (MZN); conversion rate:1,000 metical (old) = 1 metical (new)
IMF membership Since 24 September 1984
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
20 May 2011
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
25 July 1975 - 10 March 1977: Pegged to the Portuguese escudo 11 March 1977 - 30 January 1987: Pegged to a currency basket 31 January 1987 - 31 December 1988: Pegged to the US dollar 1 January 1989 - 30 November 1989: Other managed floating 1 December 1989 - 30 October 1990: Pegged to a currency basket 31 October 1990 - 31 March 1992: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 1 April 1992 - 31 December 2002: Independently floating 1 January 2003 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate Since 30 April 2008: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.MZN.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MZN.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MZN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MZN.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MZN.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MZN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.MZN.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MZN.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MZN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MZN.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MZN.USD.CA.AB.A01
BBEX3.M.MZN.USD.CA.AC.A01
Myanmar (up to 17 June 1989: Burma)
Capital Nay Pyi Taw
Central bank Central Bank of Myanmar
Central bank's website http://www.cbm.gov.mm/
Currency Kyat
ISO currency code MMK
Subunits 100 pyas
Currency circulation Myanmar
Legacy currency Burmese rupee
Conversion rate 1 Burmese rupee = 1 kyat; with effect from 1 July 1952
Currency history 1 July 1952: Introduction of the kyat (MMK); conversion rate: 1Burmese rupee = 1 kyat
IMF membership Since 3 January 1952
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
25 January 1975 - 29 June 2001: Pegged to the SDR 30 June 2001 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 11 January 2017: Other managed arrangement 12 January 2017 - 19 April 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 20 April 2018: Other managed arrangement
Comment Independent since 4 January 1948.
Time series BBEX3.A.MMK.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MMK.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.MMK.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MMK.USD.CA.AC.A01
Namibia
Capital Windhoek
Central bank Bank of Namibia
Central bank's website http://www.bon.com.na/
Currency Namibia dollar
ISO currency code NAD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Namibia
Legacy currency South African rand
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
ZAR
Conversion rate 1 South African rand = 1 Namibia dollar; with effect from 15September 1993
Currency history 15 September 1993: Introduction of the Namibia dollar (NAD);conversion rate: 1 (South African) rand = 1 Namibia dollar
IMF membership Since 25 September 1990
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
20 September 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
21 March 1990 - 14 September 1993: Use of the South African randas legal tender Since 15 September 1993: Pegged to the South African rand
Comment The South African rand is likewise legal tender alongside the Namibiadollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.NAD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.NAD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.NAD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NAD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Nepal
Capital Kathmandu
Central bank Nepal Rastra Bank
Central bank's website http://www.nrb.org.np
Currency Nepalese rupee
ISO currency code NPR
Subunits 100 paisa
Currency circulation Nepal
IMF membership Since 6 September 1961
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
30 May 1994
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
11 December 1967 - 31 May 1983: Pegged to the US dollar 1 June 1983 - 11 February 1993: Pegged to a currency basket Since 12 February 1993: Pegged to the Indian rupee
Time series BBEX3.A.NPR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.NPR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.NPR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.NPR.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.NPR.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.NPR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.NPR.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.NPR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.NPR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NPR.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.NPR.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.NPR.USD.CA.AC.A01
Netherlands
Capital Amsterdam, seat of government: The Hague
Central bank De Nederlandsche Bank
Central bank's website https://www.dnb.nl/index.jsp
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Dutch guilder
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
NLG
Conversion rate 2.20371 Dutch guilders = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999
Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:2.20371 Dutch guilders = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from2002 onwards also in cash form)
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 February 1961
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
24 April 1972 - 12 March 1979: Cooperative arrangement (Europeancommon margins arrangement) 13 March 1979 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)
Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999) The Netherlands, Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, Saint Eustatiusand Sint Maarten together make up the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02
New Caledonia
Capital Nouméa
Central bank L'Institut d'Emission d'Outre-Mer
Central bank's website http://www.ieom.fr/ieom/
Currency CFP franc
ISO currency code XPF
Currency circulation New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna (Islands)
IMF membership Non-IMF-member
Comment Exchange rate anchor to the euro CFP was originally the abbreviation for "Colonies Françaises duPacifique" and is still used as a currency symbol (in connection withthe franc).
Time series BBEX3.A.XPF.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.XPF.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XPF.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.XPF.USD.CM.AC.A01
New Zealand
Capital Wellington
Central bank Reserve Bank of New Zealand
Central bank's website http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/
Currency New Zealand dollar
ISO currency code NZD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation New Zealand, Cook Islands, Niue, Pitcairn Islands Group, Tokelau
Legacy currency New Zealand pound
Conversion rate 1 New Zealand pound = 2 New Zealand dollar; with effect from 10 July1967
Currency history 10 July 1967: Introduction of the New Zealand dollar (NZD);conversion rate: 1 New Zealand pound = 2 New Zealand dollar
IMF membership Since 31 August 1961
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
5 August 1982
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
9 July 1973 - 30 March 1982: Pegged to a currency basket 31 March 1982 - 3 March 1985: Other managed floating 4 March 1985 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating 30 April 2008 - 31 October 2012: Free floating (market-determinedwith intervention in exceptional cases only) Since 1 November 2012: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.NZD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.NZD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.NZD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NZD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.NZD.EUR.CM.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.NZD.EUR.CM.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.NZD.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.NZD.USD.CM.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.NZD.USD.CM.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.NZD.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.NZD.USD.CM.AA.000 BBEX3.D.NZD.USD.CM.AB.000 BBEX3.D.NZD.USD.CM.AC.000 BBEX3.M.NZD.EUR.CM.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.NZD.EUR.CM.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.NZD.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NZD.USD.CM.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.NZD.USD.CM.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.NZD.USD.CM.AC.A01
Nicaragua
Capital Managua
Central bank Banco Central de Nicaragua
Central bank's website https://www.bcn.gob.ni/
Currency Córdoba (temporarily córdoba oro)
ISO currency code NIO
Subunits 100 centavos
Currency circulation Nicaragua
Legacy currency Córdoba
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
NIC
Currency history 15 February 1988: Introduction of the (new) córdoba (NIC); conversionrate: 1,000 córdoba (old) = 1 córdoba (new) 1 May 1990: The córdoba (NIC) was supplemented by the córdobaoro (NIO) as a unit of account with a fixed rate of 1:1 to the US dollar.Up to 2 March 1991, the córdoba oro floated against the córdoba. Thecórdoba oro entered circulation in cash form on 13 August 1990 10 January 1993: Change of currency name from the córdoba oro tothe córdoba
IMF membership Since 14 March 1946
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
30 July 1964
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
20 March 1912 - 9 January 1993: Pegged to the US dollar Since 10 January 1993: Crawling peg (moving central rate without aband)
Comment With effect from 1 May 1990, the córdoba (NIC) was supplemented bythe córdoba oro (NIO) as a unit of account with a fixed rate of 1:1 tothe US dollar. Up to 2 March 1991, the córdoba oro floated against theold currency. The córdoba oro entered circulation in cash form on 13August 1990. With effect from 3 March 1991, the córdoba oro was devalued againstthe US dollar to stand at USD 1 = NIO 5; on 30 April 1991 it becamethe sole legal tender.
Time series BBEX3.A.NIO.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.NIO.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.NIO.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NIO.USD.CA.AC.A01
Niger
Capital Niamey
Central bank Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO)
Central bank's website http://www.bceao.int
Currency CFA franc
ISO currency code XOF
Currency circulation Niger, Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali,Senegal, Togo
IMF membership Since 24 April 1963
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
01 June 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, West African Monetary Union; as of 1994, West AfricanEconomic and Monetary Union) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (West African Economicand Monetary Union)
Comment Member state of the West African Economic and Monetary Union(UEMOA = Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine) Independent since 3 August 1960
Time series BBEX3.A.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Nigeria
Capital Abuja
Central bank Central Bank of Nigeria
Central bank's website http://www.cbn.gov.ng/
Currency Naira
ISO currency code NGN
Subunits 100 kobo
Currency circulation Nigeria
Legacy currency Nigerian pound
Conversion rate 1 Nigerian pound = 2 naira; with effect from 1 January 1973
Currency history 1 July 1959: Introduction of the Nigerian pound; conversion rate: 1West African pound = 1 Nigerian pound 1 January 1973: Introduction of the naira (NGN); conversion rate: 1Nigerian pound = 2 naira
IMF membership Since 30 March 1961
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1 April 1974 - 1978: Independently floating 1978 - 28 September 1986: Other managed floating 29 September 1986 - 31 March 1993: Independently floating 1 April 1993 - 29 April 1998: Pegged to the US dollar 30 April 1998 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 31 December 2005: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2006 - 2007: Other conventional fixed peg arrangementagainst the US dollar 2007 - 31 March 2008: Managed floating with no predetermined pathfor the exchange rate 1 April 2008 - 31 December 2008: Stabilised arrangement against theUS dollar (exchange rate within a narrow band without any politicalobligation) 1 January 2009 - 8 March 2015: Other managed arrangement 9 March 2015 - 20 June 2016: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 21 June 2016 - 25 August 2016: Other managed arrangement Since 26 August 2016: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate withina narrow band without any political obligation) Nigeria maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.NGN.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.NGN.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.NGN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.NGN.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.NGN.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.NGN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.NGN.EUR.CA.AA.000
BBEX3.D.NGN.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.NGN.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.NGN.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.NGN.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.NGN.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.NGN.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.NGN.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.NGN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NGN.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.NGN.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.NGN.USD.CA.AC.A01
North Macedonia (until 11 February 2019: the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)
Capital Skopje
Central bank National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia
Central bank's website http://www.nbrm.mk
Currency North Macedonia denar (until 11 February 2019: Macedonian denar)
ISO currency code MKD
Subunits 100 deni
Currency circulation North Macedonia
Legacy currency Macedonian denar
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
MKD
Conversion rate 100 Macedonian denar (old) = 1 Macedonian denar (new) with effect from 10 May 1993
Currency history 26 April 1992: Introduction of the Macedonian denar; conversion rate:1 Yugoslav dinar = 1 Macedonian denar 10 May 1993: Introduction of the new Macedonian denar (MKD);conversion rate: 100 Macedonian denar (old) = 1 Macedonian denar(new), designated as North Macedonia denar since 12 February 2019
IMF membership Since 14 December 1992 (end of membership of predecessor stateYugoslavia)
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
19 June 1998
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
15 May 1993 - 31 December 1996: Independently floating 1 January 1997 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 29 April 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) Since 30 April 2008: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation)
Comment On 8 April 1993, Macedonia was admitted to the United Nationsunder the temporary designation "the former Yugoslav Republic ofMacedonia". With the entering into force of the Prespa Agreement on12 February 2019, the earlier, provisional name of the country hasbeen changed to "North Macedonia".
Time series BBEX3.A.MKD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MKD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MKD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.MKD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.MKD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.MKD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.MKD.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.MKD.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.MKD.EUR.CA.AC.000
BBEX3.D.MKD.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.MKD.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.MKD.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.MKD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MKD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MKD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.MKD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.MKD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.MKD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Norway
Capital Oslo
Central bank Norges Bank
Central bank's website https://www.norges-bank.no/
Currency Norwegian krone
ISO currency code NOK
Subunits 100 øre
Currency circulation Norway, Spitzbergen
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
11 May 1967
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
23 May 1972 - 11 December 1978: Cooperative arrangement(European common margins arrangement) 12 December 1978 - 21 October 1990: Pegged to a trade weightedcurrency basket 22 October 1990 - 9 December 1992: Pegged to the ECU 10 December 1992 - 29 June 1995: Independently floating 30 June 1995 - 29 June 2001: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate Since 30 June 2001: Independently floating
Time series BBEX3.A.NOK.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.NOK.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.NOK.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NOK.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.NOK.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.NOK.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.NOK.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.NOK.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.NOK.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.NOK.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.NOK.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.NOK.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.NOK.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.NOK.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.NOK.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.NOK.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NOK.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.NOK.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.NOK.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.NOK.USD.CA.AA.A02 BBEX3.M.NOK.USD.CA.AB.A02 BBEX3.M.NOK.USD.CA.AC.A02
Oman
Capital Muscat
Central bank Central Bank of Oman
Central bank's website https://www.cbo.gov.om/
Currency Rial Omani
ISO currency code OMR
Subunits 1,000 baisa
Currency circulation Oman
Legacy currency Rial Saidi
Conversion rate 1 rial Saidi = 1 rial Omani; with effect from 11 November 1972
Currency history 7 May 1970: Introduction of the rial Saidi; conversion rate: 100 Gulfrupees (External Indian rupees) = 7.5 rial Saidi 11 November 1972: Introduction of the rial Omani (OMR); conversionrate: 1 rial Saidi = 1 rial Omani
IMF membership Since 23 December 1971
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
19 June 1974
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Since 20 February 1973: Pegged to the US dollar
Time series BBEX3.A.OMR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.OMR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.OMR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.OMR.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.OMR.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.OMR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.OMR.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.OMR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.OMR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.OMR.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.OMR.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.OMR.USD.CA.AC.A01
Pakistan
Capital Islamabad
Central bank State Bank of Pakistan
Central bank's website http://www.sbp.org.pk/
Currency Pakistani rupee
ISO currency code PKR
Subunits 100 paisa
Currency circulation Pakistan
IMF membership Since 11 July 1950
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
1 July 1994
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
17 September 1971 - 7 January 1982: Pegged to the US dollar 8 January 1982 - 21 July 1998: Other managed floating 22 July 1998 - 29 June 1999: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 June 1999 - 19 July 2000: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 20 July 2000 - 31 December 2004: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2005 - 14 January 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 15 January 2008 - 21 December 2008: Floating (market-determinedwith more frequent modes of intervention) 22 December 2008 - 28 February 2010: Crawl-like arrangementagainst the US dollar (moving central rate with an annual minimumrate of change) 1 March 2010 - 31 May 2010: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) 1 June 2010 - 10 April 2011: Stabilised arrangement against theUS dollar (exchange rate within a narrow band without any politicalobligation) 11 April 2011 - 4 December 2013: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 5 December 2013 - 3 March 2015: Other managed arrangement 4 March 2015 - 10 December 2017: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 11 December 2017: Other managed arrangement
Time series BBEX3.A.PKR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PKR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.PKR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.PKR.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PKR.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.PKR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.PKR.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.PKR.EUR.CA.AB.000
BBEX3.D.PKR.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.PKR.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.PKR.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.PKR.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.PKR.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PKR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PKR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PKR.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PKR.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PKR.USD.CA.AC.A01
Palau
Capital Ngerulmud (Melekeok)
Currency US dollar
ISO currency code USD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Palau, American Samoa, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands, Ecuador, ElSalvador, Guam, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia,Northern Mariana Islands, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saba, SaintEustatius, Timor-Leste, Turks and Caicos Islands, United States,Virgin Islands of the United States
IMF membership Since 16 December 1997
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
16 December 1997
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Use of the US dollar as legal tender
Comment Independent since 1 October 1994 (formerly: United Nations TrustTerritory)
Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02
Panama
Capital Panama City
Central bank Banco Nacional de Panamá
Central bank's website https://www.banconal.com.pa/
Currency Balboa
ISO currency code PAB
Subunits 100 centésimos
Currency circulation Panama
IMF membership Since 14 March 1946
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
26 November 1946
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Use of the US dollar as legal tender
Comment Independent (from Colombia) since 3 November 1903. The balboa, which has remained at par with the US dollar since itsintroduction in 1904, is in circulation exclusively in coin form.
Time series BBEX3.A.PAB.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.PAB.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.PAB.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PAB.USD.CA.AC.A01
Papua New Guinea
Capital Port Moresby
Central bank Bank of Papua New Guinea
Central bank's website http://www.bankpng.gov.pg/
Currency Kina
ISO currency code PGK
Subunits 100 toea
Currency circulation Papua New Guinea
Legacy currency Australian dollar
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
AUD
Conversion rate 1 Australian dollar = 1 kina; with effect from 19 April 1975
Currency history 19 April 1975: Introduction of the kina (PGK); conversion rate: 1Australian dollar = 1 kina
IMF membership Since 9 October 1975
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
4 December 1975
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
19 April 1975 - 16 December 1976: Pegged to the Australian dollar 17 December 1976 - 4 June 1978: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 5 June 1978 - 9 October 1994: Pegged to a currency basket 10 October 1994 - 31 December 2004: Independently floating 1 January 2005 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 12 February 2012: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 13 February 2012 - 31 December 2012: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 January 2013 - 10 April 2014: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 11 April 2014 - 17 May 2016: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) 18 May 2016 - 21 August 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 22 August 2017: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central ratewith an annual minimum rate of change) Papua New Guinea maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to theUS dollar.
Comment Independent (from Australia) since 16 September 1975
Time series BBEX3.A.PGK.EUR.CM.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PGK.EUR.CM.AB.A04
BBEX3.A.PGK.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.PGK.USD.CM.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PGK.USD.CM.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.PGK.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.PGK.EUR.CM.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PGK.EUR.CM.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PGK.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PGK.USD.CM.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PGK.USD.CM.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PGK.USD.CM.AC.A01
Paraguay
Capital Asunción
Central bank Banco Central del Paraguay
Central bank's website https://www.bcp.gov.py/
Currency Guaraní
ISO currency code PYG
Subunits 100 céntimos
Currency circulation Paraguay
IMF membership Since 28 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
23 August 1994
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1946 - 26 February 1989: Pegged to the US dollar 27 February 1989 - 1998: Independently floating 1998 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with no predetermined pathfor the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 31 December 2008: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 January 2009 - 30 June 2013: Other managed arrangement 1 July 2013 - 10 June 2018: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) Since 11 June 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate withan annual minimum rate of change) Paraguay maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the USdollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.PYG.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PYG.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.PYG.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.PYG.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PYG.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.PYG.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.PYG.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.PYG.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.PYG.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.PYG.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.PYG.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.PYG.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.PYG.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PYG.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PYG.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PYG.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PYG.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PYG.USD.CA.AC.A01
Peru
Capital Lima
Central bank Banco Central de Reserva del Perú
Central bank's website https://www.bcrp.gob.pe/
Currency Sol (until 14 December 2015 Nuevo sol)
ISO currency code PEN
Subunits 100 céntimos
Currency circulation Peru
Legacy currency Inti
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
PEI
Conversion rate 1,000,000 inti = 1 nuevo sol; with effect from 1 July 1991
Currency history 1 February 1985: Introduction of the inti (PEI); conversion rate: 1,000sol (PES) = 1 inti (the inti was not used in banking and accountinguntil 1 January 1986) 1 July 1991: Introduction of the nuevo sol (PEN); conversion rate:1,000,000 intis = 1 nuevo sol (designated as sol since 15 December2015)
IMF membership Since 31 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 February 1961
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
15 May 1970 - 21 September 1976: Pegged to the US dollar 22 September 1976 - 10 October 1977: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 11 October 1977 - 29 June 1978: Other managed floating 30 June 1978 - 29 September 1979: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 30 September 1979 - 31 July 1980: Other 1 August 1980 - 7 August 1983: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 8 August 1983 - 29 February 1984: Other managed floating 1 March 1984 - 1 August 1985: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 2 August 1985 - 30 March 1987: Pegged to the US dollar 31 March 1987 - 28 July 1987: Other managed floating 29 July 1987 - 8 August 1990: Pegged to the US dollar 9 August 1990 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating 30 April 2008 - 15 September 2009: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 16 September 2009 - 31 March 2011: Crawl-like arrangement(moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 1 April 2011: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.PEN.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PEN.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.PEN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.PEN.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PEN.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.PEN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.PEN.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.PEN.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.PEN.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.PEN.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.PEN.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.PEN.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.PEN.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PEN.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PEN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PEN.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PEN.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PEN.USD.CA.AC.A01
Philippines
Capital Manila
Central bank Central Bank of the Philippines (Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas)
Central bank's website http://www.bsp.gov.ph/
Currency Philippine peso
ISO currency code PHP
Subunits 100 centavos
Currency circulation Philippines
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
8 September 1995
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
21 February 1970 - 1978: Independently floating 1978 - 29 September 1982: Flexibility limited vis-a-vis the US dollar 30 September 1982 - 14 October 1984: Other managed floating 15 October 1984 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating Since 30 April 2008: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.PHP.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.PHP.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.PHP.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PHP.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.PHP.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PHP.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.PHP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.PHP.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.PHP.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.PHP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.PHP.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.PHP.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.PHP.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.PHP.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PHP.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PHP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PHP.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.PHP.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.PHP.USD.CA.AC.A01
Poland
Capital Warsaw
Central bank Narodowy Bank Polski
Central bank's website http://www.nbp.pl
Currency Polish zloty
ISO currency code PLN
Subunits 100 groszy
Currency circulation Poland
Legacy currency Polish zloty
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
PLZ
Conversion rate 10,000 Polish zloty (old) = 1 Polish zloty (new); with effect from 1January 1995
Currency history 30 October 1950: Introduction of the new zloty (PLZ); conversionrate for banknote exchange: 100 zloty (old) = 1 zloty (new) and forprices and wages: generally 100:3. For debt relationships, variousconversion rates apply 1 January 1995: Introduction of the new zloty (PLN); conversion rate:10,000 zloty (old) = 1 zloty (new)
IMF membership Since 12 June 1986
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
01 June 1995
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1986 - 31 December 1989: Pegged to a currency basket 1 January 1990 - 16 May 1991: Pegged to the US dollar 17 May 1991 - 13 October 1991: Pegged to a currency basket 14 October 1991 - 11 April 2000: Exchange rates within a crawlingband Since 12 April 2000: Independently floating
Time series BBEX3.A.PLN.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.PLN.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.PLN.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PLN.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.PLN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.PLN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.PLN.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.PLN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PLN.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.PLN.USD.CA.AC.A02
Portugal
Capital Lisbon
Central bank Banco de Portugal
Central bank's website https://www.bportugal.pt/
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Escudo
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
PTE
Conversion rate 200.482 escudos = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999
Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:200.482 escudos = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from 2002onwards also in cash form)
IMF membership Since 29 March 1961
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
12 September 1988
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
19 March 1973 - 24 February 1977: Independently floating 25 February 1977 - 25 August 1977: Pegged to a trade weightedcurrency basket 26 August 1977 - 30 September 1990: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 1 October 1990 - 5 April 1992: Other managed floating 6 April 1992 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)
Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999)
Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02
Qatar
Capital Doha
Central bank Qatar Central Bank
Central bank's website http://www.qcb.gov.qa
Currency Qatari riyal
ISO currency code QAR
Subunits 100 dirham
Currency circulation Qatar
Legacy currency Qatar and Dubai riyal
Conversion rate 1 Qatar and Dubai riyal = 1 Qatari riyal; with effect from 19 May 1973
Currency history Late June 1966: Saudi riyal banknotes were issued; conversion rate:106.5 Gulf rupee (at par with the Indian rupee) = 100 Saudi riyal. On21 March 1966, Qatar and Dubai signed a currency agreement. On6 June 1966, prior to the launch of the new common currency, theIndian rupee was devalued. To avoid negative implications for thecountry, the Qatari government made an agreement with the SaudiArabian Monetary Agency to borrow a total of 100 million Saudi riyalworth of banknotes backed by pound sterling balances in London. Atthe same time, the Gulf rupee ceased to be legal tender. 18 September 1966: Introduction of the Qatar and Dubai riyal;conversion rate: 100 Saudi riyal = 106.5 Qatar and Dubai riyal 19 May 1973: Introduction of the Qatari riyal (QAR); conversion rate:1 Qatar and Dubai riyal = 1 Qatari riyal
IMF membership Since 8 September 1972
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
4 June 1973
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
19 May 1973 - 18 March 1975: Pegged to the US dollar 19 March 1975 - 13 June 1980: Flexibility limited vis-a-vis the SDR Since 14 June 1980: Pegged to the US dollar
Time series BBEX3.A.QAR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.QAR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.QAR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.QAR.USD.CA.AC.A01
Romania
Capital Bucharest
Central bank National Bank of Romania
Central bank's website http://www.bnr.ro/
Currency Romanian leu (plural: lei)
ISO currency code RON
Subunits 100 bani
Currency circulation Romania
Legacy currency Romanian leu (plural: lei)
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
ROL
Conversion rate 10,000 Romanian lei (old) = 1 Romanian leu (new); with effect from 1July 2005
Currency history 28 January 1952: Introduction of the new leu (ROL); graduatedconversion rates for cash and deposits at financial institutions ofbetween 20 and 400 lei (old) = 1 leu (new); conversion rate for debtrelationships: generally 20 lei (old) = 1 leu (new) 1 July 2005: Introduction of the new leu (RON); conversion rate:10,000 lei (old) = 1 leu (new)
IMF membership Since 15 December 1972
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
25 March 1998
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
15 August 1947 - 30 June 1983: Pegged to the US dollar 1 July 1983 - 17 February 1991: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 18 February 1991 - 10 November 1991: Independently floating 11 November 1991 - 3 May 1992: Other managed floating 4 May 1992 - 30 December 1997: Independently floating 31 December 1997 - 29 June 2001: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 June 2001 - 1 November 2004: Exchange rates within a crawlingband 2 November 2004 - 21 July 2016: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 22 July 2016 - 24 January 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 25 January 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate withina narrow band without any political obligation) Romania maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the euro.
Time series BBEX3.A.RON.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.RON.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.RON.EUR.BB.AC.A01
BBEX3.M.RON.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.RON.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.RON.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.RON.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.RON.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.RON.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.RON.USD.CA.AC.A02
Russian Federation
Capital Moscow
Central bank The Central Bank of the Russian Federation
Central bank's website http://www.cbr.ru/eng/
Currency Russian rouble
ISO currency code RUB
Subunits 100 kopecks
Currency circulation Russian Federation
Legacy currency Russian rouble
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
RUR
Conversion rate 1,000 Russian rouble (old) = 1 Russian rouble (new); with effect from1 January 1998
Currency history 26 July 1993: Introduction of the Russian rouble (RUR); conversionrate: 1 Soviet rouble (SUR) = 1 Russian rouble 1 January 1998: Introduction of the new Russian rouble (RUB);conversion rate: 1,000 Russian rouble (old) = 1 Russian rouble (new)The old Russian rouble was also legal tender (at this rate) until 31December 1998
IMF membership Since 01 June 1992
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
01 June 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
3 July 1992 - 5 July 1995: Independently floating 6 July 1995 - 29 September 1999: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 September 1999 - 30 December 2000: Independently floating 31 December 2000 - 28 February 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 March 2006 - 31 October 2008: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate against a currency basket - containing the euro and the US dollar- within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 November 2008 - 9 November 2014: Other managed arrangement 10 November 2014 - 28 July 2015: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) Since 29 July 2015: Free floating (market-determined withintervention in exceptional cases only)
Time series BBEX3.A.RUB.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.RUB.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.RUB.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.RUB.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.RUB.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.RUB.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.RUB.USD.CA.AC.000
BBEX3.M.RUB.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.RUB.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.RUB.USD.CA.AC.A02
Rwanda
Capital Kigali
Central bank National Bank of Rwanda
Central bank's website http://www.bnr.rw
Currency Rwanda franc
ISO currency code RWF
Subunits 100 centimes
Currency circulation Rwanda
Legacy currency Rwanda and Burundi franc
Conversion rate 1 Rwanda and Burundi franc = 1 Rwanda franc; with effect from 24April 1964
Currency history 2 September 1960: Introduction of the Rwanda and Burundi franc;conversion rate: 1 Congo franc = 1 Rwanda and Burundi franc 24 April 1964: Introduction of the Rwanda franc (RWF); conversionrate: 1 Rwanda and Burundi franc = 1 Rwanda franc
IMF membership Since 30 September 1963
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
10 December 1998
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
7 April 1966 - 5 September 1983: Pegged to the US dollar 6 September 1983 - 5 March 1995: Pegged to the SDR 6 March 1995 - 30 July 2000: Independently floating 31 July 2000 - 31 December 2005: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2006 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 30 November 2008: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 December 2008 - 31 December 2008: Other managedarrangement 1 January 2009 - 3 January 2010: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 4 January 2010 - 31 December 2012: Crawl-like arrangement(moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 1 January 2013 - 23 September 2013: Other managed arrangement Since 24 September 2013: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) Rwanda maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.
Comment Independent (from Belgium) since 1 July 1962
Time series BBEX3.A.RWF.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.RWF.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.RWF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.RWF.USD.CA.AA.A04
BBEX3.A.RWF.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.RWF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.RWF.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.RWF.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.RWF.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.RWF.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.RWF.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.RWF.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.RWF.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.RWF.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.RWF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.RWF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.RWF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.RWF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
Capital Jamestown
Currency Saint Helena pound
ISO currency code SHP
Subunits 100 pence
Currency circulation Saint Helena and Ascension Tristan da Cunha uses the pound sterling as its currency.
Legacy currency Pound sterling
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
GBP
Conversion rate 1 pound sterling = 1 Saint Helena pound; with effect from 2 February1976
Currency history 2 February 1976: Introduction of the Saint Helena pound; conversionrate: 1 pound sterling = 1 Saint Helena pound
IMF membership Non-IMF-member
Comment British Overseas Territory Parity in relation to the pound sterling
Time series BBEX3.A.SHP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SHP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SHP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SHP.USD.CA.AC.A01
Saint Kitts and Nevis (until the beginning of 1987: Saint Christopher and Nevis)
Capital Basseterre
Central bank Eastern Caribbean Central Bank
Central bank's website https://www.eccb-centralbank.org/
Currency East Caribbean dollar
ISO currency code XCD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Saint Kitts and Nevis, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica,Montserrat, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and (since17 July 1968) Grenada
Legacy currency British West Indies dollar
Conversion rate 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar; with effect from6 October 1965
Currency history 6 October 1965: Introduction of the East Caribbean dollar (XCD);conversion rate: 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar
IMF membership Since 15 August 1984
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
3 December 1984
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
6 October 1965 - 6 July 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling(Eastern Caribbean Currency Union) Since 7 July 1976: Pegged to the US dollar (Eastern CaribbeanCurrency Union)
Comment Saint Kitts and Nevis participates in the Eastern Caribbean CurrencyUnion. Independent since 19 September 1983 (formerly: British colony)
Time series BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Saint Lucia
Capital Castries
Central bank Eastern Caribbean Central Bank
Central bank's website https://www.eccb-centralbank.org/
Currency East Caribbean dollar
ISO currency code XCD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Saint Lucia, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Montserrat,Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and (since 17July 1968) Grenada
Legacy currency British West Indies dollar
Conversion rate 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar; with effect from6 October 1965
Currency history 6 October 1965: Introduction of the East Caribbean dollar (XCD);conversion rate: 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar
IMF membership Since 15 November 1979
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
30 May 1980
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
6 October 1965 - 6 July 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling(Eastern Caribbean Currency Union) Since 7 July 1976: Pegged to the US dollar (Eastern CaribbeanCurrency Union)
Comment Saint Lucia participates in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union. Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and theGrenadines were once referred to as the Windward Islands. Independent since 22 February 1979 (formerly: British colony)
Time series BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Capital Kingstown
Central bank Eastern Caribbean Central Bank
Central bank's website https://www.eccb-centralbank.org/
Currency East Caribbean dollar
ISO currency code XCD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda,Dominica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia and (since 17July 1968) Grenada
Legacy currency British West Indies dollar
Conversion rate 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar; with effect from6 October 1965
Currency history 6 October 1965: Introduction of the East Caribbean dollar (XCD);conversion rate: 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 East Caribbean dollar
IMF membership Since 28 December 1979
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
24 August 1981
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
6 October 1965 - 6 July 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling(Eastern Caribbean Currency Union) Since 7 July 1976: Pegged to the US dollar (Eastern CaribbeanCurrency Union)
Comment Saint Vincent and the Grenadines participates in the EasternCaribbean Currency Union. Dominica, Grenada, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and theGrenadines were once referred to as the Windward Islands. Independent since 27 October 1979 (formerly: British colony)
Time series BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XCD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Samoa
Capital Apia
Central bank Central Bank of Samoa
Central bank's website http://www.cbs.gov.ws/
Currency Tala
ISO currency code WST
Subunits 100 sene
Currency circulation Samoa
Legacy currency New Zealand pound
Conversion rate 1 New Zealand pound = 2 tala; with effect from 10 July 1967
Currency history 10 July 1967: Introduction of the tala (WST); conversion rate: 1 NewZealand pound (also known as the Western Samoan pound) = 2 tala
IMF membership Since 28 December 1971
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
6 October 1994
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
26 July 1973 - 26 October 1975: Pegged to the US dollar Since 27 October 1975: Pegged to a currency basket
Comment Independent (from New Zealand) since 1 January 1962
Time series BBEX3.A.WST.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.WST.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.WST.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.WST.USD.CM.AC.A01
San Marino
Capital San Marino
Central bank Banca Centrale della Repubblica di San Marino
Central bank's website http://www.bcsm.sm/
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Italian lira
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
ITL
Conversion rate 1,936.27 Italian lire = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999
Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:1,936.27 Italian lira = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from 2002onwards also in cash form)
IMF membership Since 23 September 1992
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
23 September 1992
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
31 March 1939 - 31 December 1998: Use of the Italian lira as legaltender Since 1 January 1999: Use of the euro as legal tender
Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02
Sao Tome and Principe
Capital São Tomé
Central bank Banco Central de S. Tomé e Príncipe
Central bank's website http://www.bcstp.st/
Currency Dobra
ISO currency code STN
Subunits 100 cêntimos
Currency circulation Sao Tome and Principe
Legacy currency Dobra
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
STD
Conversion rate 1,000 (old) dobra = 1 (new) dobra; with effect from 1 January 2018
Currency history 7 September 1977: Introduction of the dobra (STD); conversion rate: 1Sao-Tome-and-Principe-escudo = 1 dobra 1 January 2018: Introduction of the (new) dobra (STN); conversionrate: 1,000 (old) dobra = 1 (new) dobra
IMF membership Since 30 September 1977
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
8 September 1977 - 21 July 1987: Pegged to the SDR 22 July 1987 - 31 August 1991: Pegged to a currency basket 1 September 1991 - 1 December 1994: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 2 December 1994 - 2003: Independently floating 2003 - 31 May 2008: Managed floating with no predetermined pathfor the exchange rate 1 June 2008 - 31 December 2009: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 1 January 2010: Pegged to the euro
Comment Independent since 12 July 1975 (formerly: Portuguese colony)
Time series BBEX3.A.STN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.STN.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.STN.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.STN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.STN.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.STN.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.STN.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.STN.USD.CA.AC.A01
Saudi Arabia
Capital Riyadh
Central bank Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency
Central bank's website http://www.sama.gov.sa
Currency Saudi riyal
ISO currency code SAR
Subunits 100 halalah
Currency circulation Saudi Arabia
IMF membership Since 26 August 1957
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
22 March 1961
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
31 December 1959 - 14 March 1975: Pegged to the US dollar 15 March 1975 - June 1986: Pegged to the SDR Since June 1986: Pegged to the US dollar
Time series BBEX3.A.SAR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SAR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.SAR.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.SAR.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.SAR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SAR.USD.CA.AC.A01
Senegal
Capital Dakar
Central bank Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO)
Central bank's website http://www.bceao.int
Currency CFA franc
ISO currency code XOF
Currency circulation Senegal, Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali,Niger, Togo
IMF membership Since 31 August 1962
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
01 June 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, West African Monetary Union; as of 1994, West AfricanEconomic and Monetary Union) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (West African Economicand Monetary Union)
Comment Member state of the West African Economic and Monetary Union(UEMOA = Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine) On 20 June 1960, together with present-day Mali independent fromFrance as the Mali Federation; on 20 August 1960 withdrawal from theMali Federation; full independence since 22 August 1960
Time series BBEX3.A.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Serbia
Capital Belgrade
Central bank National Bank of Serbia
Central bank's website http://www.nbs.rs/internet/english/index.html
Currency Serbian dinar (until 3 February 2003 Yugoslav new dinar)
ISO currency code RSD
Subunits 100 para
Currency circulation Serbia
Legacy currency Yugoslav dinar
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
YUM
Conversion rate 12,000,000 Yugoslav dinar = 1 Yugoslav new dinar
Currency history 22 July 1994: Introduction of the Yugoslav new dinar (up to 3February 2003: YUM; from 4 February 2003 onwards: CSD (Serbiandinar) and since 25 October 2006: RSD); conversion rate: 12,000,000Yugoslav dinar = 1 Yugoslav new dinar
IMF membership Since 14 December 1992 (end of membership of Yugoslavia)
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 May 2002
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
30 August 2006 - 27 January 2016: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 28 January 2016 - 26 March 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 27 March 2017 - 1 March 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 2 March 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation) Serbia maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the euro.
Comment With effect from 4 February 2003, the Federal Republic of Yugoslaviawas reconstituted as "Serbia and Montenegro". At the same time,the dinar, which remained legal tender only in Serbia, was renamedfrom "Yugoslav new dinar" to "Serbian dinar" (ISO code: CSD); inMontenegro, the euro has been the sole legal tender since 1 April2002. Since 3 June 2006, Serbia and Montenegro have been independentstates; as of 25 October 2006, the ISO code for the Serbian dinar waschanged from CSD to RSD.
Time series BBEX3.A.RSD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.RSD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.RSD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.RSD.USD.CA.AA.A04
BBEX3.A.RSD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.RSD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.RSD.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.RSD.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.RSD.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.RSD.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.RSD.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.RSD.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.RSD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.RSD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.RSD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.RSD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.RSD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.RSD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Seychelles
Capital Victoria
Central bank Central Bank of Seychelles
Central bank's website http://www.cbs.sc
Currency Seychelles rupee
ISO currency code SCR
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Seychelles
IMF membership Since 30 June 1977
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
03 January 1978
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1 May 1968 - 4 November 1979: Pegged to the British pound sterling 5 November 1979 - 12 May 1996: Pegged to the SDR 13 May 1996 - 31 December 2006: Pegged to a currency basket 1 January 2007 - 4 October 2007: Crawling peg (moving central ratewithout a band) 5 October 2007 - 29 April 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 30 April 2008 - 31 October 2008: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 November 2008 - 11 March 2013: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 12 March 2013 - 26 March 2014: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 27 March 2014: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)
Comment Independent since 28 June 1976
Time series BBEX3.A.SCR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SCR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SCR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SCR.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SCR.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SCR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SCR.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SCR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SCR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SCR.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SCR.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SCR.USD.CA.AC.A01
Sierra Leone
Capital Freetown
Central bank Bank of Sierra Leone
Central bank's website http://www.bsl.gov.sl/
Currency Leone
ISO currency code SLL
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Sierra Leone
Legacy currency West African pound
Conversion rate 1 West African pound = 1 leone; with effect from 4 August 1964
Currency history 4 August 1964: Introduction of the leone (SLL); conversion rate: 1West African pound = 1 leone
IMF membership Since 10 September 1962
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
14 December 1995
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
7 June 1972 - 1 November 1978: Pegged to the British pound sterling 2 November 1978 - 30 March 1979: Other managed floating 31 March 1979 - 16 December 1982: Pegged to the SDR 17 December 1982 - 30 June 1983: Other managed floating 1 July 1983 - 20 February 1985: Pegged to the US dollar 21 February 1985 - 26 June 1986: Pegged to the SDR 27 June 1986 - 30 April 1987: Independently floating 1 May 1987 - 24 April 1990: Pegged to the US dollar 25 April 1990 - 31 December 2005: Independently floating 1 January 2006 - 30 November 2006: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 1 December 2006 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 31 October 2008: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 November 2008 - 9 August 2015: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) Since 10 August 2015: Other managed arrangement
Time series BBEX3.A.SLL.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SLL.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SLL.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SLL.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SLL.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SLL.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SLL.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SLL.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SLL.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SLL.USD.CA.AA.A01
BBEX3.M.SLL.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SLL.USD.CA.AC.A01
Singapore
Capital Singapore
Central bank Monetary Authority of Singapore
Central bank's website http://www.mas.gov.sg/
Currency Singapore dollar
ISO currency code SGD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Singapore, Brunei Darussalam
Legacy currency Malayan dollar
Conversion rate 1 Malayan dollar = 1 Singapore dollar; with effect from 12 June 1967
Currency history 12 June 1967: Introduction of the Singapore dollar (SGD); conversionrate: 1 Malayan dollar = 1 Singapore dollar
IMF membership Since 3 August 1966
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
9 November 1968
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
21 June 1973 - 30 October 1975: Independently floating 31 October 1975 - 29 September 1987: Pegged to a currency basket 30 September 1987 - 30 December 1998: Other managed floating 31 December 1998 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 13 April 2010: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) 14 April 2010 - 11 September 2011: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 12 September 2011 - 8 November 2011: Other managedarrangement 9 November 2011 - 31 December 2012: Crawl-like arrangement(moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 1 January 2013 - 8 February 2018: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 9 February 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central ratewith an annual minimum rate of change)
Comment 9 August 1965: Upon its separation from the Federation of Malaysia,Singapore gained independence. However, the monetary unionformed with Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam remained in place forthe next two years. Under an agreement between Singapore and Brunei Darussalam,the Brunei dollar (convertible at par) is also accepted as customarytender.
Time series BBEX3.A.SGD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.SGD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.SGD.EUR.BB.AC.A01
BBEX3.M.SGD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.SGD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SGD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.SGD.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.SGD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SGD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Sint Maarten (southern part)
Capital Philipsburg
Central bank Centrale Bank van Curaçao en Sint Maarten (formerly: Bank van deNederlandse Antillen)
Central bank's website https://www.centralbank.cw/
Currency Netherlands Antillean guilder
ISO currency code ANG
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Sint Maarten (southern part) and Curaçao
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 February 1961
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Since June 1940: Pegged to the US dollar
Comment Independent since 10 October 2010 within the Kingdom of theNetherlands; formerly Sint Maarten formed together with Bonaire,Curaçao, Saba and Saint Eustatius the Netherlands Antilles
Time series BBEX3.A.ANG.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ANG.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.ANG.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ANG.USD.CA.AC.A01
Slovakia
Capital Bratislava
Central bank Národná Banka Slovenska
Central bank's website http://www.nbs.sk
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Slovak koruna
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
SKK
Conversion rate 30.1260 Slovak koruna = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 2009
Currency history 8 February 1993: Introduction of the Slovak koruna (SKK); conversionrate: 1 Czechoslovak koruna (CSK) = 1 Slovak koruna 1 January 2009: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:30.1260 Slovak koruna = 1 euro
IMF membership Since 1 January 1993
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
1 October 1995
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
8 February 1993 - 30 September 1998: Pegged to a currency basket(from 14 July 1994: 60% Deutsche Mark; 40% US dollar) 1 October 1998 - 27 November 2005: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 28 November 2005 - 31 December 2008: Pegged to the euro(Exchange rate mechanism II) Since 1 January 2009: Free floating (European Monetary Union)
Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 2009)
Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02
Slovenia
Capital Ljubljana
Central bank Bank of Slovenia
Central bank's website http://www.bsi.si/en/
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Slovenian tolar
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
SIT
Conversion rate 239.640 Slovenian tolar = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 2007
Currency history 8 October 1991: Introduction of the Slovenian tolar (SIT); conversionrate: 1 Yugoslav dinar = 1 Slovenian tolar 1 January 2007: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:239.640 Slovenian tolar = 1 euro
IMF membership Since 14 December 1992 (end of membership of predecessor stateYugoslavia)
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
1 September 1995
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
8 October 1991 - 31 January 2002: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 February 2002 - 27 June 2004: Exchange rates within a crawlingband 28 June 2004 - 31 December 2006: Pegged to the euro (Exchangerate mechanism II) Since 1 January 2007: Free floating (European Monetary Union)
Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 2007)
Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02
Solomon Islands
Capital Honiara
Central bank Central Bank of Solomon Islands
Central bank's website http://www.cbsi.com.sb/
Currency Solomon Islands dollar
ISO currency code SBD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Solomon Islands
Legacy currency Australian dollar
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
AUD
Conversion rate 1 Australian dollar = 1 Solomon Islands dollar; with effect from 24October 1977
Currency history 24 October 1977: Introduction of the Solomon Islands dollar (SBD);conversion rate: 1 Australian dollar = 1 Solomon Islands dollar
IMF membership Since 22 September 1978
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
24 July 1979
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
24 October 1977 - 28 October 1979: Pegged to the Australian dollar 29 October 1979 - 14 December 1997: Pegged to a trade weightedcurrency basket 15 December 1997 - 14 September 1998: Other managed floating 15 September 1998 - 29 June 2001: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 June 2001 - 31 December 2004: Exchange rates within a crawlingband 1 January 2005 - 31 March 2009: Conventional peg to a currencybasket (exchange rate guarantee but no irrevocable parity) 1 April 2009 - 31 January 2011: Pegged to the US dollar 1 February 2011 - 29 January 2012: Other managed arrangement 30 January 2012 - 30 September 2012: Pegged to the US dollar Since 1 October 2012: Pegged to a currency basket
Comment Independent since 7 July 1978
Time series BBEX3.A.SBD.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SBD.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SBD.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SBD.USD.CM.AC.A01
Somalia
Capital Mogadishu
Central bank Central Bank of Somalia
Central bank's website https://centralbank.gov.so/
Currency Somali shilling
ISO currency code SOS
Currency circulation Somalia
Legacy currency East African shilling (British Somaliland): Somalo (Italian Somaliland)
Conversion rate 1 East African shilling or 1 somalo = 1 Somali shilling; with effect from6 March 1961
Currency history 6 March 1961: Introduction of the Somali shilling (SOS); conversionrate: 1 East African shilling or 1 somalo = 1 Somali shilling
IMF membership Since 31 August 1962
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
6 March 1961 - 30 June 1982: Pegged to the US dollar 1 July 1982 - 30 June 1983: Pegged to the SDR 1 July 1983 - 14 June 1987: Adjusted according to a set of indicators 15 June 1987 - 11 October 1987: Independently floating 12 October 1987 - 31 May 1988: Pegged to the US dollar 1 June 1988 - 29 September 1990: Pegged to a currency basket 30 September 1990 - 29 September 1994: Other managed floating Since 30 September 1994: Independently floating Currently the Central Bank of Somalia does not have a monetarypolicy framework.
Comment Independence: British Somaliland since 26 June 1960, ItalianSomaliland since 1 July 1960; Federation on 1 July 1960
South Africa
Capital Pretoria, Seat of Parliament: Cape Town
Central bank South African Reserve Bank
Central bank's website https://www.resbank.co.za/
Currency South African rand
ISO currency code ZAR
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation South Africa Eswatini Lesotho Namibia
Legacy currency South African pound
Conversion rate 1 South African pound = 2 South African rand; with effect from 14February 1961
Currency history 14 February 1961: Introduction of the South African rand (ZAR);conversion rate: 1 South African pound = 2 South African rand
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 September 1973
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
24 October 1972 - 26 February 1979: Pegged to the US dollar Since 27 February 1979: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.ZAR.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.ZAR.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.ZAR.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ZAR.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.ZAR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ZAR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ZAR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ZAR.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ZAR.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ZAR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.ZAR.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.ZAR.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.ZAR.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.ZAR.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ZAR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ZAR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ZAR.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ZAR.USD.CA.AA.A02 BBEX3.M.ZAR.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ZAR.USD.CA.AB.A02
BBEX3.M.ZAR.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ZAR.USD.CA.AC.A02
South Sudan
Capital Juba
Central bank Bank of South Sudan
Central bank's website https://bankofsouthsudan.org/
Currency South Sudanese pound
ISO currency code SSP
Subunits 100 piastres
Currency circulation South Sudan
Legacy currency Sudanese pound
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
SDG
Conversion rate 1 Sudanese pound = 1 South Sudanese pound; with effect from 18July 2011
Currency history 18 July 2011: Introduction of the South Sudanese pound (SSP);conversion rate: 1 Sudanese pound = 1 South Sudanese pound
IMF membership Since 18 April 2012
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
July 2011 - September 2011: Independently floating September 2011 - 14 December 2015: Pegged to the US dollar 15 December 2015 - 5 September 2017: Other managedarrangement Since 6 September 2017: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) South Sudan maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the USdollar.
Comment Independent since 9 July 2011
Time series BBEX3.A.SSP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SSP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SSP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SSP.USD.CA.AC.A01
Spain
Capital Madrid
Central bank Banco de España
Central bank's website https://www.bde.es/bde/es/
Currency Euro
ISO currency code EUR
Subunits 100 cent
Currency circulation Euro-area member states: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain Selected territories and states: Åland Islands, Andorra, (French) Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,Mayotte, Monaco, Montenegro, Réunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin (northern part), San Marino, VaticanCity
Legacy currency Peseta
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
ESP
Conversion rate 166.386 pesetas = 1 euro; with effect from 1 January 1999
Currency history 1 January 1999: Introduction of the euro (EUR); conversion rate:166.386 pesetas = 1 euro (initially only as book money, from 2002onwards also in cash form)
IMF membership Since 15 September 1958
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 July 1986
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
22 January 1974 - end of 1974: Independently floating End of 1974 - 8 February 1976: Pegged to a currency basket 9 February 1976 - 30 January 1977: Independently floating 31 January 1977 - 30 March 1982: Other 31 March 1982 - 1 February 1988: Other managed floating 2 February 1988 - 16 June 1989: Independently floating 19 June 1989 - 31 December 1998: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) Since 1 January 1999: Free floating (European Monetary Union)
Comment Euro-area member state (since 1 January 1999)
Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02
Sri Lanka (up to 21 May 1972: Ceylon)
Capital Colombo
Central bank Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Central bank's website http://www.cbsl.gov.lk/
Currency Sri Lanka rupee
ISO currency code LKR
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Sri Lanka
Legacy currency Ceylon rupee
Conversion rate 1 Ceylon rupee = 1 Sri Lanka rupee; with effect from 22 May 1972
Currency history 22 May 1972: Introduction of the Sri Lanka rupee (LKR); conversionrate: 1 Ceylon rupee = 1 Sri Lanka rupee
IMF membership Since 29 August 1950
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 March 1994
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1931 - 23 May 1976: Pegged to the British pound sterling 24 May 1976 - 14 November 1977: Pegged to a currency basket 15 November 1977 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 22 January 2001: Exchange rates within a crawlingband 23 January 2001 - 31 March 2002: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 April 2002 - 31 January 2005: Independently floating 1 February 2005 - 4 December 2007: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 5 December 2007 - 29 April 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 30 April 2008 - 31 December 2008: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 January 2009 - 30 April 2009: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 May 2009 - 28 February 2010: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 March 2010 - 30 April 2011: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) 1 May 2011 - 8 February 2012: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 9 February 2012 - 30 September 2013: Floating (market-determinedwith more frequent modes of intervention) 1 October 2013 - 12 October 2014: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 13 October 2014: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central ratewith an annual minimum rate of change)
Sri Lanka maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.LKR.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.LKR.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.LKR.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.LKR.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.LKR.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.LKR.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.LKR.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.LKR.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.LKR.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.LKR.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.LKR.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.LKR.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.LKR.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.LKR.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.LKR.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.LKR.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.LKR.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.LKR.USD.CA.AC.A01
Sudan
Capital Khartoum
Central bank Central Bank of Sudan
Central bank's website http://www.cbos.gov.sd/en
Currency Sudanese pound
ISO currency code SDG
Subunits 100 piastres
Currency circulation Sudan
Legacy currency Sudanese dinar
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
SDD
Conversion rate 100 Sudanese dinar = 1 Sudanese pound; with effect from 10 January2007
Currency history 8 April 1957: Introduction of the Sudanese pound (SDP); conversionrate: 1 Egyptian pound = 1 Sudanese pound 24 May 1992: Introduction of the Sudanese dinar (SDD); conversionrate: 10 Sudanese pound = 1 Sudanese dinar 10 January 2007: Introduction of the Sudanese pound (SDG);conversion rate: 100 Sudanese dinar = 1 Sudanese pound
IMF membership Since 5 September 1957
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
29 October 2003
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
23 July 1958 - 11 August 1985: Pegged to the US dollar 12 August 1985 - 2 October 1987: Pegged to a currency basket(oriented to the US dollar) 3 October 1987 - 1 February 1992: Pegged to the US dollar 2 February 1992 - 15 October 1993: Independently floating 16 October 1993 - 26 September 1995: Other managed floating 27 September 1995 - 9 July 1996: Independently floating 10 July 1996 - 20 October 1998: Other managed floating 21 October 1998 - 29 September 2000: Independently floating 30 September 2000 - 31 December 2001: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2002 - 27 February 2003: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement against the US dollar 28 February 2003 - 31 May 2003: Pegged exchange rate against theUS dollar within horizontal bands 1 June 2003 - 30 November 2009: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 December 2009 - 31 December 2014: Other managedarrangement 1 January 2015 - 7 September 2016: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation)
8 September 2016 - 21 January 2018: Other managed arrangement Since 22 January 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate withina narrow band without any political obligation) Sudan maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.SDG.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SDG.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SDG.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SDG.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SDG.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SDG.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SDG.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SDG.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SDG.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SDG.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SDG.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SDG.USD.CA.AC.A01
Suriname
Capital Paramaribo
Central bank Central Bank van Suriname
Central bank's website https://www.cbvs.sr/
Currency Suriname dollar
ISO currency code SRD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Suriname
Legacy currency Suriname guilder
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
SRG
Conversion rate 1,000 Suriname guilder = 1 Suriname dollar; with effect from 1January 2004
Currency history 1 January 2004: Introduction of the Suriname dollar (SRD); conversionrate: 1,000 Suriname guilder (SRG) = 1 Suriname dollar
IMF membership Since 27 April 1978
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
29 June 1978
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
27 December 1971 - 10 July 1994: Pegged to the US dollar 11 July 1994 - 2 October 2000: Independently floating 3 October 2000 - 20 December 2001: Pegged exchange rate withinhorizontal bands 21 December 2001 - 29 June 2004: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 30 June 2004 - 31 December 2004: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2005 - 29 April 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 30 April 2008 - 29 March 2016: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 30 March 2016 - 12 February 2017: Other managed arrangement Since 13 February 2017: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) Suriname maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the USdollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.SRD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SRD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SRD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SRD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SRD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SRD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SRD.EUR.CA.AA.A01
BBEX3.M.SRD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SRD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SRD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SRD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SRD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Sweden
Capital Stockholm
Central bank Sveriges Riksbank
Central bank's website https://www.riksbank.se/sv/
Currency Swedish krona
ISO currency code SEK
Subunits 100 öre
Currency circulation Sweden
IMF membership Since 31 August 1951
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 February 1961
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
19 March 1973 - 28 August 1977: Cooperative arrangement(European common margins arrangement) 29 August 1977: Withdrawal from the cooperative arrangement(European common margins arrangement) 29 August 1977 - 16 May 1991: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 17 May 1991 - 18 November 1992: Pegged to the ECU Since 19 November 1992: Free floating (market-determined withintervention in exceptional cases only)
Time series BBEX3.A.SEK.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.SEK.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.SEK.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SEK.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.SEK.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SEK.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SEK.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SEK.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SEK.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SEK.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.SEK.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.SEK.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.SEK.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.SEK.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SEK.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SEK.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SEK.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SEK.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SEK.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SEK.USD.CA.AA.A02 BBEX3.M.SEK.USD.CA.AB.A02 BBEX3.M.SEK.USD.CA.AC.A02
Switzerland
Capital Berne
Central bank Schweizerische Nationalbank
Central bank's website https://www.snb.ch/en/
Currency Swiss franc
ISO currency code CHF
Subunits 100 rappen / centimes
Currency circulation Switzerland, Liechtenstein
IMF membership Since 29 May 1992
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
29 May 1992
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
10 May 1971 - 22 January 1973: Pegged to the US dollar 23 January 1973 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating 30 April 2008 - 14 March 2009: Free floating (market-determined withintervention in exceptional cases only) 15 March 2009 - 17 December 2009: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 18 December 2009 - 31 May 2010: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 1 June 2010 - 5 September 2011: Free floating (market-determinedwith intervention in exceptional cases only) 6 September 2011 - 31 December 2011: Other managedarrangement 1 January 2012 - 13 January 2013: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 14 January 2013 - 28 May 2014: Other managed arrangement 29 May 2014 - 14 January 2015: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 15 January 2015: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)
Comment From 6 September 2011 to 14 January 2015, Switzerland maintaineda de facto exchange rate anchor to the euro.
Time series BBEX3.A.CHF.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.CHF.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.CHF.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.CHF.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.CHF.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.CHF.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.D.CHF.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.M.CHF.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.CHF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.CHF.USD.CA.AA.A02
Syrian Arab Republic
Capital Damascus
Central bank Central Bank of Syria
Central bank's website http://cb.gov.sy/en
Currency Syrian pound
ISO currency code SYP
Subunits 100 piastres
Currency circulation Syrian Arab Republic
IMF membership Since 10 April 1947
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
29 July 1947 - 31 August 2007: Pegged to the US dollar 1 September 2007 - 31 March 2009: Pegged exchange rate againstthe SDR within horizontal bands 1 April 2009 - 31 March 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rateagainst a currency basket - SDR with higher US dollar weight - withina narrow band without any political obligation) Since 1 April 2011: Other managed arrangement
Comment Independent since 17 April 1946
Time series BBEX3.A.SYP.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SYP.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SYP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.SYP.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.SYP.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.SYP.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.SYP.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SYP.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SYP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.SYP.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.SYP.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.SYP.USD.CA.AC.A01
Tajikistan
Capital Dushanbe
Central bank National Bank of Tajikistan
Central bank's website http://nbt.tj/en/
Currency Somoni
ISO currency code TJS
Subunits 100 diram
Currency circulation Tajikistan
Legacy currency Tajik rouble
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
TJR
Conversion rate 1,000 Tajik rouble = 1 somoni; with effect from 30 October 2000
Currency history In early 1994: The Russian rouble (RUR) replaces the Soviet roubleas the sole legal tender 10 May 1995: Introduction of the Tajik rouble (TJR); conversion rate:100 Russian rouble = 1 Tajik rouble 30 October 2000: Introduction of the somoni (TJS); conversion rate:1,000 Tajik rouble = 1 somoni
IMF membership Since 27 April 1993
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
9 December 2004
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1994 - 9 May 1995: Use of the Russian rouble as legal tender 10 May 1995 - 30 December 1997: Independently floating 31 December 1997 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 30 June 2000: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 July 2000 - 30 June 2002: Independently floating 1 July 2002 - 31 December 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2007 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 31 December 2008: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 January 2009 - 31 July 2009: Other managed arrangement 1 August 2009 - 28 February 2011: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 March 2011 - 27 September 2011: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 28 September 2011 - 30 April 2014: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 May 2014 - 15 March 2015: Crawl-like arrangement (moving centralrate with an annual minimum rate of change) 16 March 2015 - 31 January 2016: Other managed arrangement
1 February 2016 - 12 February 2017: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 13 February 2017 - 23 May 2017: Other managed arrangement 24 May 2017 - 10 April 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 11 April 2018 - 10 July 2018: Other managed arrangement Since 11 July 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation) Tajikistan maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.TJS.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.TJS.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.TJS.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.TJS.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.TJS.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.TJS.USD.CA.AC.A01
Tanzania, United Republic of
Capital Dodoma, Seat of Government: Dar es Salaam
Central bank Bank of Tanzania
Central bank's website http://www.bot.go.tz/
Currency Tanzania shilling
ISO currency code TZS
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Tanzania, United Republic of
Legacy currency East African shilling
Conversion rate 1 East African shilling = 1 Tanzania shilling; with effect from 14 June1966
Currency history 14 June 1966: Introduction of the Tanzania shilling (TZS); conversionrate: 1 East African shilling = 1 Tanzania shilling
IMF membership Since 10 September 1962
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 July 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
14 January 1974 - 26 October 1975: Pegged to the US dollar 27 October 1975 - 19 January 1979: Pegged to the SDR 20 January 1979 - 2 August 1993: Pegged to a currency basket 3 August 1993 - 29 April 2007: Independently floating 30 April 2007 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 7 January 2016: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 8 January 2016 - 31 December 2017: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 1 January 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central ratewith an annual minimum rate of change) Tanzania maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.TZS.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TZS.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TZS.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.TZS.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TZS.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TZS.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.TZS.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TZS.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TZS.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.TZS.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TZS.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TZS.USD.CA.AC.A01
Thailand
Capital Bangkok
Central bank Bank of Thailand
Central bank's website https://www.bot.or.th/English/Pages/default.aspx
Currency Thai baht
ISO currency code THB
Subunits 100 satang
Currency circulation Thailand
IMF membership Since 3 May 1949
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
4 May 1990
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
26 September 1949 - 7 March 1978: Pegged to the US dollar 8 March 1978 - 14 July 1981: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 15 July 1981 - 29 June 1982: Other managed floating 30 June 1982 - 4 November 1984: Flexibility limited vis-a-vis the USdollar 5 November 1984 - 1 July 1997: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 2 July 1997 - 29 June 2001: Independently floating Since 30 June 2001: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.THB.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.THB.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.THB.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.THB.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.THB.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.THB.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.THB.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.THB.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.THB.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.THB.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.THB.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.THB.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.THB.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.THB.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.THB.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.THB.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.THB.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.THB.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.THB.USD.CA.AC.A01
Timor-Leste
Capital Dili
Central bank Central Bank of Timor-Leste
Central bank's website https://www.bancocentral.tl/en
Currency US dollar
ISO currency code USD
Subunits 100 Cents
Currency circulation United States, American Samoa, Bonaire, Ecuador, El Salvador,Guam, Amerikanische Jungferninseln, Britische Jungferninseln,Marshall islands, Föderierte Staaten von Micronesia, FederatedStates of, Nördliche Marianen, Palau, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saba, St.Eustatius, Timor-Leste, Turks- u. Caicosinseln
IMF membership Since 23 July 2002
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
23 July 2002
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Since 20 May 2002: Use of the US dollar as legal tender
Comment Independent since 20 May 2002. Since 10 November 2003 the Central Bank of Timot-Leste issuescoins known as "centavos", equivalent in value to the United Statescents.
Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02
Togo
Capital Lomé
Central bank Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO)
Central bank's website http://www.bceao.int
Currency CFA franc
ISO currency code XOF
Currency circulation Togo, Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger,Senegal
IMF membership Since 01 August 1962
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
01 June 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
26 December 1945 - 31 December 1998: Pegged to the French franc(as of 1973, West African Monetary Union; as of 1994, West AfricanEconomic and Monetary Union) Since 1 January 1999: Pegged to the euro (West African Economicand Monetary Union)
Comment Member state of the West African Economic and Monetary Union(UEMOA = Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine) Independent since 27 April 1960
Time series BBEX3.A.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Tonga
Capital Nuku'alofa
Central bank National Reserve Bank of Tonga
Central bank's website http://www.reservebank.to
Currency Pa'anga
ISO currency code TOP
Subunits 100 seniti
Currency circulation Tonga
Legacy currency Tongan pound
Conversion rate 1 Tongan pound = 2 pa'anga; with effect from 3 April 1967
Currency history 3 April 1967: Introduction of the pa'anga (TOP); conversion rate: 1Tongan pound = 2 pa'anga
IMF membership Since 13 September 1985
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
22 March 1991
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
November 1976 - 7 February 1991: Pegged to the Australian dollar 8 February 1991 - 29 June 2001: Pegged to a currency basket Since 30 June 2001: Pegged exchange rate against a currencybasket within horizontal bands
Comment Independent (from Great Britain) since 4 June 1970
Time series BBEX3.A.TOP.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.TOP.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.TOP.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.TOP.USD.CM.AC.A01
Trinidad and Tobago
Capital Port-of-Spain
Central bank Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago
Central bank's website https://www.central-bank.org.tt/
Currency Trinidad and Tobago dollar
ISO currency code TTD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Trinidad and Tobago
Legacy currency British West Indies dollar
Conversion rate 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 Trinidad and Tobago dollar; with effectfrom 14 December 1964
Currency history 14 December 1964: Introduction of the Trinidad and Tobago dollar(TTD); conversion rate: 1 British West Indies dollar = 1 Trinidad andTobago dollar
IMF membership Since 16 September 1963
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
13 December 1993
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
14 December 1964 - 27 May 1976: Pegged to the British poundsterling 28 May 1976 - 12 April 1993: Pegged to the US dollar 13 April 1993 - 30 March 1999: Independently floating 31 March 1999 - 29 June 2001: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 June 2001 - 31 December 2003: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2004 - 29 April 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 30 April 2008 - 20 December 2015: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 21 December 2015 - 18 July 2016: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 19 July 2016: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation)
Comment Independent since 31 August 1962 (formerly: British colony)
Time series BBEX3.A.TTD.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TTD.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TTD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.TTD.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TTD.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TTD.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.TTD.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TTD.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TTD.EUR.CA.AC.A01
BBEX3.M.TTD.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TTD.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TTD.USD.CA.AC.A01
Tunisia
Capital Tunis
Central bank Banque Centrale de Tunisie
Central bank's website http://www.bct.gov.tn
Currency Tunisian dinar
ISO currency code TND
Subunits 1,000 millimes
Currency circulation Tunisia
Legacy currency Tunisian franc
Conversion rate 1,000 Tunisian franc = 1 Tunisian dinar; with effect from 1 November1958
Currency history 1 November 1958: Introduction of the Tunisian dinar (TND);conversion rate: 1,000 Tunisian franc = 1 Tunisian dinar
IMF membership Since 14 April 1958
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
6 January 1993
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
24 August 1973 - January 1974: Pegged to the French franc January 1974 - 30 December 1986: Pegged to a currency basket 31 December 1986 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 30 December 2000: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 31 December 2000 - 31 December 2001: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2002 - 31 December 2004: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 1 January 2005 - 30 April 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 May 2006 - 31 December 2007: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 1 January 2008 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 14 January 2009: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 15 January 2009 - 31 August 2011: Stabilised arrangement(exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 September 2011 - 11 May 2016: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 12 May 2016 - 18 May 2017: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention) Since 19 May 2017: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate withan annual minimum rate of change) Tunisia maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the euro.
Time series BBEX3.A.TND.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TND.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TND.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.TND.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TND.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TND.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.TND.EUR.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.TND.EUR.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.TND.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.TND.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.TND.USD.CA.AB.000 BBEX3.D.TND.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.TND.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TND.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TND.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.TND.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TND.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TND.USD.CA.AC.A01
Turkey
Capital Ankara
Central bank Central Bank of Turkey
Central bank's website http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/
Currency Turkish lira (up to 31 December 2008 designated as New Turkish lira)
ISO currency code TRY
Subunits 100 kurus
Currency circulation Turkey
Legacy currency Turkish lira
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
TRL
Conversion rate 1,000,000 Turkish lira = 1 New Turkish lira; with effect from 1 January2005
Currency history 1 January 2005: Introduction of the New Turkish lira (TRY);conversion rate: 1,000,000 Turkish lira = 1 New Turkish lira(designated as Turkish lira since 1 January 2009)
IMF membership Since 11 March 1947
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
22 March 1990
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
8 July 1975 - 1978: Independently floating 1978 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 21 February 2001: Crawling peg (moving centralrate without a band) 22 February 2001 - 23 October 2008: Free floating (market-determined with intervention in exceptional cases only) 24 October 2008 - 3 August 2009: Floating (market-determined withmore frequent modes of intervention) 4 August 2009 - 3 October 2010: Free floating (market-determinedwith intervention in exceptional cases only) Since 4 October 2010: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.TRY.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.TRY.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.TRY.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.TRY.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.TRY.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TRY.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TRY.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.TRY.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.TRY.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.TRY.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.TRY.USD.CA.AA.000 BBEX3.D.TRY.USD.CA.AB.000
BBEX3.D.TRY.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.TRY.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TRY.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TRY.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.TRY.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.TRY.USD.CA.AA.A02 BBEX3.M.TRY.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.TRY.USD.CA.AB.A02 BBEX3.M.TRY.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.TRY.USD.CA.AC.A02
Turkmenistan
Capital Ashgabat
Central bank Central Bank of Turkmenistan
Central bank's website http://www.cbt.tm/
Currency Turkmen manat
ISO currency code TMT
Subunits 100 tenge
Currency circulation Turkmenistan
Legacy currency Turkmen manat
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
TMM
Conversion rate 5,000 Turkmen manat (old) = 1 Turkmen manat (new); with effect from1 January 2009
Currency history 1 November 1993: Introduction of the Turkmen manat (TMM). Thechangeover from the Russian rouble to the Turkmen manat took placebetween 1 and 19 November 1993 at the following rates: 1 to 5 November 1993: 500 Russian rouble = 1 Turkmen manat 6 to 12 November 1993: 595 Russian rouble = 1 Turkmen manat 13 to 19 November 1993: 599 Russian rouble = 1 Turkmen manat 1 January 2009: Introduction of the new Turkmen manat (TMT);conversion rate: 5,000 Turkmen manat (old) = 1 Turkmen manat(new). The old Turkmen manat also remained legal tender (at thisrate) until the end of December 2009
IMF membership Since 22 September 1992
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
27 October 1991 - 31 October 1993: Use of the Soviet/Russian roubleas legal tender 1 November 1993 - 26 November 1995: Pegged to the US dollar 27 November 1995 - 19 April 1998: Other managed floating Since 20 April 1998: Conventional peg (exchange rate guarantee butno irrevocable parity)
Time series BBEX3.A.TMT.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.TMT.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.TMT.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.TMT.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.TMT.USD.CA.AC.A01
Tuvalu
Capital Funafuti
Currency Australian dollar
ISO currency code AUD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Australia , Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, Kiribati, Nauru, NorfolkIsland, Tuvalu
IMF membership Since 24 June 2010
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Since 1 October 1978: Use of the Australian dollar as legal tender
Comment Independent since 1 October 1978; local currency is also in use.
Time series BBEX3.A.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AUD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.AUD.EUR.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AUD.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.AUD.USD.CM.AC.000 BBEX3.M.AUD.EUR.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AUD.USD.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AUD.USD.CM.AC.A02
Uganda
Capital Kampala
Central bank Bank of Uganda
Central bank's website http://www.bou.or.ug
Currency Uganda shilling
ISO currency code UGX
Currency circulation Uganda
Legacy currency Uganda shilling
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
UGS
Conversion rate 100 Uganda shilling (old) = 1 Uganda shilling (new); with effect from15 May 1987
Currency history 15 August 1966: Introduction of the Uganda shilling (UGS);conversion rate: 1 East African shilling = 1 Uganda shilling 15 May 1987: Introduction of the new Uganda shilling (UGX);conversion rate: 100 Uganda shilling (old) = 1 Uganda shilling (new)
IMF membership Since 27 September 1963
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
5 April 1994
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
11 October 1971 - 26 October 1975: Pegged to the US dollar 27 October 1975 - 7 June 1981: Pegged to the SDR 8 June 1981 - 14 June 1984: Other managed floating 15 June 1984 - 30 December 1985: Independently floating 31 December 1985 - 18 February 1986: Other managed floating 19 February 1986 - November 1989: Pegged to the US dollar November 1989 - 30 January 1992: Pegged to a currency basket 31 January 1992 - 29 April 2007: Independently floating Since 30 April 2007: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.UGX.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.UGX.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.UGX.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.UGX.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.UGX.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.UGX.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.UGX.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.UGX.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.UGX.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.UGX.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.UGX.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.UGX.USD.CA.AC.A01
Ukraine
Capital Kyiv
Central bank National Bank of Ukraine
Central bank's website http://www.bank.gov.ua
Currency Hryvnia
ISO currency code UAH
Subunits 100 kopiyok
Currency circulation Ukraine
Legacy currency Karbovanets
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
UAK
Conversion rate 100,000 karbovanets = 1 hryvnia; with effect from 2 September 1996
Currency history 13 November 1992: Introduction of the karbovanets (UAK); conversionrate: 1 Soviet rouble = 1 karbovanets 2 September 1996: Introduction of the hryvnia (UAH); conversionrate: 100,000 karbovanets = 1 hryvnia
IMF membership Since 03 September 1992
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
24 September 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
3 September 1992 - 30 December 1995: Independently floating 31 December 1995 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 5 August 1999: Pegged exchange rate withinhorizontal bands 6 August 1999 - 31 December 2001: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2002 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 28 February 2010: Other managed arrangement 1 March 2010 - 6 February 2014: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) Since 7 February 2014: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.UAH.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.UAH.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.UAH.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.UAH.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.UAH.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.UAH.EUR.CA.AC.A02 BBEX3.M.UAH.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.UAH.USD.CA.AC.A02
United Arab Emirates
Capital Abu Dhabi
Central bank Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates
Central bank's website http://www.centralbank.ae/en
Currency United Arab Emirates dirham
ISO currency code AED
Subunits 100 fils
Currency circulation United Arab Emirates
Legacy currency Bahraini dinar (in Abu Dhabi) Qatar and Dubai riyal (in Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah,Sharjah and Umm al-Qaiwain)
Conversion rate 1 Bahraini dinar = 10 United Arab Emirates dirham; with effect from 20May 1973 1 Qatar and Dubai riyal = 1 United Arab Emirates dirham; with effectfrom 20 May 1973
Currency history 20 May 1973: Introduction of the United Arab Emirates dirham (AED);conversion rate: 1 Bahraini dinar = 10 United Arab Emirates dirham, 1Qatar and Dubai riyal = 1 United Arab Emirates dirham
IMF membership Since 22 September 1972
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
13 February 1974
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
20 May 1973 - 21 November 1980: Pegged to the SDR Since 22 November 1980: Pegged to the US dollar
Comment Independent (from Great Britain) since 2 December 1971. On thatdate, Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Sharjah and Umm al-Qaiwain agreed to enter into a union called the United Arab Emirates;Ras al-Khaimah joined the union on 11 February 1972
Time series BBEX3.A.AED.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AED.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.AED.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.AED.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.AED.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.AED.USD.CA.AC.A01
United Kingdom
Capital London
Central bank Bank of England
Central bank's website http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/
Currency Pound sterling
ISO currency code GBP
Subunits 100 pence (since the introduction of the decimal currency on 15February 1971)
Currency circulation United Kingdom, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 February 1961
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1 May 1972 - 22 June 1972: Cooperative arrangement (Europeancommon margins arrangement) 23 June 1972: Withdrawal from the cooperative arrangement(European common margins arrangement) 23 June 1972 - 7 October 1990: Independently floating 8 October 1990 - 16 September 1992: Cooperative arrangement(European Monetary System) 17 September 1992: Withdrawal from the European MonetarySystem 17 September 1992 - 29 April 2008: Independently floating Since 30 April 2008: Free floating (market-determined withintervention in exceptional cases only)
Comment In Scotland and Northern Ireland, a small volume of banknotes issuedby commercial banks in these territories is in circulation alongsidenotes issued by the Bank of England.
Time series BBEX3.A.GBP.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.GBP.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.GBP.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.GBP.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.GBP.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.GBP.USD.CM.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.GBP.USD.CM.AC.000 BBEX3.M.GBP.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.GBP.USD.CM.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.GBP.USD.CM.AC.A02
United States
Capital Washington
Central bank Federal Reserve (FED)
Central bank's website https://www.federalreserve.gov/
Currency US dollar
ISO currency code USD
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation United States, American Samoa, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands,Ecuador, El Salvador, Guam, Marshall Islands, Federated States ofMicronesia, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Panama, Puerto Rico,Saba, Saint Eustatius, Timor-Leste, Turks and Caicos Islands, VirginIslands of the United States
IMF membership Since 27 December 1945
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
10 December 1946
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
Since 15 August 1971: Independently floating
Comment Obligation to convert the US dollar into gold abolished on 15 August1971 as part of the Nixon shock
Time series BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.EUR.BB.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.BB.AC.A02 BBEX3.A.USD.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.USD.GBP.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.USD.GBP.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.USD.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.GBP.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.USD.GBP.CA.AC.A02
Uruguay
Capital Montevideo
Central bank Banco Central del Uruguay
Central bank's website https://www.bcu.gub.uy/Paginas/Default.aspx
Currency Uruguayan peso
ISO currency code UYU
Subunits 100 centésimos
Currency circulation Uruguay
Legacy currency Uruguayan new peso
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
UYP
Conversion rate 1,000 Uruguayan new peso = 1 Uruguayan peso; with effect from 1March 1993
Currency history 1 July 1975: Introduction of the Uruguayan new peso (UYP);conversion rate: 1,000 Uruguayan peso = 1 Uruguayan new peso 1 March 1993: Introduction of the Uruguayan peso (UYU); conversionrate: 1,000 Uruguayan new peso = 1 Uruguayan peso
IMF membership Since 11 March 1946
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
2 May 1980
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
9 December 1971 - 30 January 1977: Pegged to the US dollar 31 January 1977 - 30 March 1979: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 31 March 1979 - 25 November 1982: Other managed floating 26 November 1982 - 30 March 1992: Independently floating 31 March 1992 - 19 June 2002: Exchange rates within a crawlingband 20 June 2002 - 29 November 2005: Independently floating 30 November 2005 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate Since 30 April 2008: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.UYU.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.UYU.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.UYU.EUR.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.D.UYU.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.UYU.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.UYU.USD.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.UYU.EUR.CA.AC.A02 BBEX3.M.UYU.USD.CA.AC.A02
Uzbekistan
Capital Tashkent
Central bank Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Central bank's website http://www.cbu.uz
Currency Uzbekistan sum
ISO currency code UZS
Subunits 100 tiyin
Currency circulation Uzbekistan
Legacy currency Uzbekistan sum coupon
Conversion rate 1,000 Uzbekistan sum coupons = 1 Uzbekistan sum, with effect from1 July 1994
Currency history 22 November 1993: Introduction of the Uzbekistan sum (in the formof coupons) as the new currency. The Russian rouble (RUR) alsoremained in circulation until the end of December 1993. 1 July 1994: Introduction of the Uzbekistan sum (UZS); conversionrate: 1,000 Uzbekistan sum coupons = 1 Uzbekistan sum.
IMF membership Since 21 September 1992
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
15 October 2003
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
21 September 1992 - 21 November 1993: Use of the Soviet/Russianrouble as legal tender 22 November 1993 - 30 June 1994: Pegged to the US dollar 1 July 1994 - 31 October 1995: Independently floating 1 November 1995 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 30 May 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 31 May 2006 - 31 March 2007: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 1 April 2007 - 29 April 2008: Crawling peg (moving central ratewithout a band) 30 April 2008 - 5 September 2017: Crawl-like arrangement (movingcentral rate with an annual minimum rate of change) 6 September 2017 - 7 May 2018: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 8 May 2018 - 18 July 2018: Other managed arrangement Since 19 July 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate withan annual minimum rate of change) Uzbekistan maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the USdollar.
Time series BBEX3.A.UZS.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.UZS.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.D.UZS.EUR.CA.AC.000
BBEX3.D.UZS.USD.CA.AC.000 BBEX3.M.UZS.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.UZS.USD.CA.AC.A01
Vanuatu
Capital Port Vila
Central bank Reserve Bank of Vanuatu
Central bank's website http://www.rbv.gov.vu
Currency Vatu
ISO currency code VUV
Currency circulation Vanuatu
Legacy currency New Hebrides franc
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
NHF
Conversion rate 1 New Hebrides franc = 1 vatu; with effect from 1 January 1981
Currency history 1 January 1981: Introduction of the vatu (VUV); conversion rate: 1New Hebrides franc = 1 vatu
IMF membership Since 28 September 1981
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
11 December 1982
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
1 January 1981 - 9 September 1981: Pegged to the French franc 10 September 1981 - 4 February 1988: Pegged to the SDR Since 5 February 1988: Pegged to a trade weighted currency basket
Comment Independent since 30 July 1980.
Time series BBEX3.A.VUV.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.VUV.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.VUV.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.VUV.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.VUV.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.VUV.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.VUV.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.VUV.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.VUV.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.VUV.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.VUV.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.VUV.USD.CA.AC.A01
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republik of
Capital Caracas
Central bank Banco Central de Venezuela
Central bank's website http://www.bcv.org.ve/
Currency Bolívar soberano
ISO currency code VES
Subunits 100 céntimos
Currency circulation Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Legacy currency Bolívar (until the end of 2011 bolívar fuerte)
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
VEF
Conversion rate 100,000 bolívar = 1 bolívar soberano; with effect from 20 August 2018
Currency history 1 January 2008: Introduction of the bolívar fuerte (VEF); conversionrate: 1,000 bolívar = 1 bolívar fuerte (designated as bolívar sinceJanuary 2012) 20 August 2018: Introduction of the bolívar soberano (VES);conversion rate: 100,000 bolívar = 1 bolívar soberano
IMF membership Since 30 December 1946
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
1 July 1976
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
21 February 1973 - 12 March 1989: Pegged to the US dollar 13 March 1989 - 29 June 1993: Independently floating 30 June 1993 - 10 July 1994: Other managed floating 11 July 1994 - 21 April 1996: Pegged to the US dollar 22 April 1996 - 31 December 1998: Other managed floating 1 January 1999 - 12 February 2002: Exchange rates within a crawlingband 13 February 2002 - 4 February 2003: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 5 February 2003 - 6 March 2016: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) Since 7 March 2016: Other managed arrangement
Time series BBEX3.A.VES.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.VES.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.VES.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.VES.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.VES.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.VES.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.VES.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.VES.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.VES.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.VES.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.VES.USD.CA.AB.A01
BBEX3.M.VES.USD.CA.AC.A01
Viet Nam
Capital Hanoi
Central bank State Bank of Vietnam
Central bank's website http://www.sbv.gov.vn/
Currency Dong
ISO currency code VND
Subunits 10 hào / 100 xu
Currency circulation Viet Nam
Legacy currency Dong
Conversion rate 10 dong (old) = 1 dong (new); with effect from 14 September 1985
Currency history 21 July 1954: Conclusion of the Geneva Indochina conference. Theoutcome is that the country is split into the Democratic Republic ofViet Nam (North Viet Nam) and the Republic of Viet Nam (South VietNam). North Viet Nam Up until 30 October 1954: Conversion of Indochinese piastre intodong (the latter had already been in circulation in the north since1951) at a rate of 30 Indochinese piastre = 1 dong 1 March 1959: Introduction of the new dong; conversion rate: 1,000dong (old) = 1 dong (new) South Viet Nam 31 December 1954: End of the currency union with Cambodia andLaos 30 September 1955: Own banknotes denominated in piastre / dongare issued for the first time; conversion rate: 1 Indochinese piastre = 1Vietnamese piastre 22 September 1975: Introduction of the South Vietnamese dong;conversion rate: 500 Vietnamese piastre = 1 South Vietnamese dong(0.80 South Vietnamese dong = 1 North Vietnamese dong) 3 May 1978: Introduction of the unified dong (VND); conversion rate:1 North Vietnamesedong / 0.80 South Vietnamese dong = 1 dong(new) 14 September 1985: Introduction of the new dong (VND); conversionrate: 10 dong (old) = 1 dong (new)
IMF membership Since 21 September 1956
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
8 November 2005
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMF
3 May 1978 - 14 September 1985: Pegged to the SDR 15 September 1985 - 9 November 1988: Pegged to the US dollar 10 November 1988 - 24 February 1999: Other managed floating
classification (as of end-April2019)
25 February 1999 - 29 June 2001: Pegged exchange rate withinhorizontal bands 30 June 2001 - 31 December 2004: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 January 2005 - 29 April 2008: Conventional peg (exchange rateguarantee but no irrevocable parity) 30 April 2008 - 7 November 2008: Stabilised arrangement (exchangerate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 8 November 2008 - 31 December 2008: Other managedarrangement Since 1 January 2009: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate withina narrow band without any political obligation) Viet Nam maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.
Comment On 2 July 1976, the Republic of Viet Nam (South Viet Nam) and theDemocratic Republic of Viet Nam (North Viet Nam) were merged toform Viet Nam.
Time series BBEX3.A.VND.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.VND.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.VND.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.VND.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.VND.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.VND.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.VND.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.VND.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.VND.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.VND.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.VND.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.VND.USD.CA.AC.A01
West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU)
Central bank Banque Centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (BCEAO)
Central bank's website http://www.bceao.int
Currency CFA franc
ISO currency code XOF
Currency circulation Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger,Senegal, Togo
Comment Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger,Senegal and Togo all belong to the West African Economic andMonetary Union (UEMOA = Union Économique et Monétaire OuestAfricaine). The responsible monetary authority is the "BanqueCentrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest", whose CFA franc (F.CFA= Franc de la Communauté FinancièreAfricaine) is legal tender only inthe aforementioned countries.
Time series BBEX3.A.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.A.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.XOF.USD.CA.AC.A01
Yemen
Capital Sana'a
Central bank Central Bank of Yemen
Central bank's website http://www.centralbank.gov.ye
Currency Yemeni rial
ISO currency code YER
Subunits 100 fils (by decree of 4 March 1975; previously: 40 buqshas)
Currency circulation Yemen
Legacy currency Maria Theresa thaler (North Yemen) Yemeni dinar (South Yemen)
Conversion rate 1 Maria Theresa thaler = 1 Yemeni rial 1 Yemeni dinar = 26 Yemeni rial
Currency history (North) Yemen 4 February 1964: Introduction of the Yemeni rial; conversion rate: 1Maria Theresa thaler = 1 Yemeni rial Democratic Yemen (South Yemen; independent from Great Britainsince 30 November 1967) 1 October 1951: The East African shilling replaced the Indian rupeein the Colony of Aden, which became the State of Aden in theFederation of South Arabia in 1963 (until 1967). 1 April 1965: Introduction of the South Arabian dinar; conversion rate:20 East African shilling = 1 South Arabian dinar 27 August 1968: Introduction of the Yemeni dinar (YDD; known asthe South Yemeni dinar until the middle of 1972); conversion rate: 1South Arabian dinar = 1 Yemeni dinar 4 May 1990: the Yemeni dinar (YDD) became legal tender in NorthYemen, and likewise the Yemeni rial (YER) in South Yemen, at a ratioof YDD 1 = YER 26 North and South Yemen united to form the current Republic ofYemen on 22 May 1990, with both currencies remaining legal tenderuntil 1996. The Yemeni rial has been the sole legal tender since thedeadline for exchanging currency passed on 15 August 1996.
IMF membership Since 22 May 1970
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
10 December 1996
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
22 May 1990 - 30 June 1996: Pegged to the US dollar 1 July 1996 - 31 December 2004: Independently floating 1 January 2005 - 31 January 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 1 February 2006 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement
30 April 2008 - 30 June 2009: Stabilised arrangement (exchange ratewithin a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 July 2009 - 31 May 2012: Other managed arrangement Since 1 June 2012: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within anarrow band without any political obligation) Yemen maintains a de facto exchange rate anchor to the US dollar.
Comment History: A law was passed in the former Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen)on 3 February 1964 to establish a currency board that was authorisedto issue banknotes. The exchange period for North Yemen's sole legaltender until that time, the Maria Theresa thaler, expired on 30 April1965. On 8 March 1965, the Yemeni rial then became the sole legaltender. As of 27 August 1968, the currency of the Democratic Yemen (SouthYemen) was the Yemeni dinar (known as the South Yemeni dinar untilthe middle of 1972). On 4 May 1990, the Yemeni dinar (YDD) became legal tender inNorth Yemen, and likewise the Yemeni rial (YER) in South Yemen, ata ratio of YDD 1 = YER 26. North and South Yemen united to form the current Republic ofYemen on 22 May 1990, with both currencies remaining legal tenderuntil 1996. The Yemeni rial has been the sole legal tender since thedeadline for exchanging currency passed on 15 August 1996.
Time series BBEX3.A.YER.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.YER.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.YER.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.YER.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.YER.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.YER.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.YER.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.YER.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.YER.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.YER.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.YER.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.YER.USD.CA.AC.A01
Zambia
Capital Lusaka
Central bank Bank of Zambia
Central bank's website http://www.boz.zm/
Currency Kwacha
ISO currency code ZMW
Subunits 100 ngwee
Currency circulation Zambia
Legacy currency Kwacha
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
ZMK
Conversion rate 1,000 kwacha (old) = 1 kwacha (new); with effect from 1 January 2013
Currency history April 1957: Introduction of the Rhodesian pound; conversion rate: 1Southern Rhodesian pound = 1 Rhodesian pound 16 November 1964: Introduction of the Zambian pound; conversionrate: 1 Rhodesian pound = 1 Zambian pound 16 January 1968: Introduction of the kwacha (ZMK); conversion rate:1 Zambian pound = 2 kwacha 1 January 2013: Introduction of the new kwacha (ZMW); conversionrate: 1,000 kwacha (old) = 1 kwacha (new)
IMF membership Since 23 September 1965
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
19 April 2002
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
7 March 1966 - 8 July 1976: Pegged to the US dollar 9 July 1976 - 5 July 1983: Pegged to the SDR 6 July 1983 - 3 October 1985: Pegged to a trade weighted currencybasket 4 October 1985 - 3 May 1987: Independently floating 4 May 1987 - 8 November 1988: Pegged to the US dollar 9 November 1988 - 18 February 1990: Pegged to the SDR 19 February 1990 - 6 December 1992: Adjusted according to a set ofindicators 7 December 1992 - 29 June 2001: Independently floating Since 30 June 2001: Floating (market-determined with more frequentmodes of intervention)
Comment Up to 31 July 1953 Northern Rhodesia; from 1 August 1953 part ofthe Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland; from 1 January 1964Northern Rhodesia. On 24 October 1964, Northern Rhodesia becameindependent and was renamed Zambia.
Time series BBEX3.A.ZMW.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ZMW.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ZMW.EUR.CA.AC.A04
BBEX3.A.ZMW.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.ZMW.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.ZMW.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.ZMW.EUR.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ZMW.EUR.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ZMW.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ZMW.USD.CA.AA.A01 BBEX3.M.ZMW.USD.CA.AB.A01 BBEX3.M.ZMW.USD.CA.AC.A01
Zimbabwe (until 1980: Rhodesia)
Capital Harare
Central bank Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
Central bank's website http://www.rbz.co.zw
Currency Zimbabwe dollar
ISO currency code ZWL
Subunits 100 cents
Currency circulation Zimbabwe
Legacy currency US dollar
Legacy currency's ISO currencycode
USD
Currency history 2 May 1980: Introduction of the Zimbabwe dollar (ZWD); conversionrate: 1 Rhodesian dollar = 1 Zimbabwe dollar 1 August 2006: Introduction of the new Zimbabwe dollar (ZWD);conversion rate: 1,000 Zimbabwe dollar (old) = 1 Zimbabwe dollar(new) 1 August 2008: Introduction of the new Zimbabwe dollar (ZWR);conversion rate: 10,000,000,000 Zimbabwe dollar (old) = 1 Zimbabwedollar (new) 2 February 2009: Introduction of the new Zimbabwe dollar (ZWL);conversion rate: 1,000,000,000,000 Zimbabwe dollar (old) = 1Zimbabwe dollar (new) 15 June - 30 September 2015: Demonetisation of the Zimbabwedollar (ZWL) 1 October 2015: The currencies comprising the multi-currency systemin use alongside the Zimbabwe dollar since 2 February 2009 (theUS dollar, the rand, the euro, the pound sterling, and expanded inJanuary 2014 to include the yen, the Chinese yuan renminbi, theIndian rupee and the Australian dollar) assumed the role of officiallegal tender, with the US dollar as the principal currency. End-November 2016: Bond notes were additionally brought intocirculation. 20 February 2019: The RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement) dollarwas declared legal tender. 24 June 2019: Reintroduction of the Zimbabwe dollar as the onlylegal tender; simultaneous ban on the use of foreign currencies.
IMF membership Since 29 September 1980
Acceptance of Article VIII (IMF'sArticles of Agreement)
5 February 1995
Exchange rate arrangementaccording to the IMFclassification (as of end-April2019)
29 September 1980 - 1 July 1994: Pegged to a currency basket 2 July 1994 - 30 March 1999: Independently floating 31 March 1999 - 31 July 2000: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement
1 August 2000 - 29 June 2001: Crawling peg (moving central ratewithout a band) 30 June 2001 - 30 January 2004: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 31 January 2004 - 24 January 2006: Managed floating with nopredetermined path for the exchange rate 25 January 2006 - 29 April 2008: Other conventional fixed pegarrangement 30 April 2008 - 31 December 2009: Other managed arrangement 1 January 2010 - 30 October 2016: No separate legal tender 31 October 2016 - 19 February 2019: Other managed arrangement Since 20 February 2019: Floating (market-determined with morefrequent modes of intervention)
Time series BBEX3.A.ZWL.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.ZWL.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.ZWL.EUR.CA.AC.A01 BBEX3.M.ZWL.USD.CA.AC.A01