lasalle final
TRANSCRIPT
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Design of Systems on SiliconDesign of Systems on Silicon
DS2PLC Technology
Juan Carlos RiveiroJuan Carlos Riveiro
System Architecture ManagerSystem Architecture Manager
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IndexIndex
DS2 Profile and Strategy
DS2 PLC Technology
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DS2 Profile andDS2 Profile andStrategyStrategy
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DS2 ProfileDS2 Profile
Fabless silicon design house
Mission: to become the leading supplier ofIPR (silicon and software) for high speedPowerline Communications (PLC)
Experienced in advanced communicationschipsets: QAM, OFDM, FFT, IFFT, FEC, ADCs,DACs, etc.
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DS2 ProfileDS2 Profile
Incorporated 1998/February/15
Key shareholder: ENDESA (the largestelectricity utility in Spain and South America)
Experienced management and key personnel:IBM, HP, Philips, Matra-MHS, Telefnica, EC-R&D programs, INITEC, etc.
Experience in state-of-the-art large critical
projects
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DS2 StrategyDS2 Strategy
DS2
DS2 is a fabless silicondesign house.
Foundry
Selected foundries produceDS2 chipsets
OEM
DS2s customers are OEMswho integrate DS2 chipsets
in their systems
... to whom DS2 sells andSUPPORTS
OEMs produce...
HE CPE
HomeGatewa
y
Customer PremisesEquipment which is placed
in users devices inhouseholds
and HomeGateways allowing
in-home LANservice
Utility
OEMs supply DS2 PLC andtelecom equipment to
utilities
... and turn them intoNetwork Service Providers...
End-User
... for a 3000million End-Usersmarket worldwide
Head Ends which areinstalled in each MV/LV
transformer
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DS2 StrategyDS2 Strategy
Capitalize on company skills (communications,DSP, electronic design, silicon,etc.)
Alliances and joint developments with customers:
Router and Telecom manufacturers: CISCO, Ascom, PACE, Nokia, Mitsubishi, Vayris...
Silicon foundries, core providers: Samsung, AMS,...
Electricity utilities: Endesa, EDF, ENEL, Sydkraft, TEPCO, EnBW...
Electrical equipment supply: Schneider, Schlumberger, ABB...
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DS2 PLCDS2 PLCTechnologyTechnology
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DS2 PowerlineDS2 PowerlineTopologyTopology
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Powerline advantagesPowerline advantages
Lowest cost equipment compared to competitorstechnologies
Ubiquitous due to electricity grid capillarity
No new cabling is needed Shared bus means shared cost
New business opportunities diversifying activities
In-home LAN allowing multiple new applications
Real broadband access to home at the lowest cost
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Powerline problemsPowerline problems
Different cables used:
Underground cable.
Twisted overhead cable.
Bare overhead line.
Unstable medium, designed to carry power signal notcommunications signal.
Time-Variant (plug and unplug).
Noisy medium (power supplies).
Input impedance is a function of frequency and time, not flatand invariant.
Different topology per country, distance up to 1km.
Point to Multipoint, with lots of taps and mismatching.
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CommunicationsCommunicationscharacteristicscharacteristics
Impulse Response: Time Spread and Variation.
Slow frequency selective
channel.
Noise: Background, Ingress and Impulsive.
Attenuation is a function of frequency,
distance and time.
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WidebandWidebandcharacteristicscharacteristics
Multipath propagation Dispersion of the received signal in time domain. (Time spread, Ts)
Frequency selectivity in frequency domain.
If Tsignal < Ts Intersymbol interference (ISI)
Limits the maximum usable symbol rate (data rate).
QAM constellations with (a) no ISI, (b) 3% ISIand (c) 10% ISI
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Wideband modulationWideband modulation
Single carrier with an equalizer: High complexityand cost(silicon area)
The channel must be known ( or accurately estimated).
High bit-rate signal Time spread >>> symbol time.
DS-SS (CDMA direct sequence spread spectrum): Using high bit-rate signal to achieve a high processing gain, a very
large bandwidth is required.
In PLC environment, an equalizer is requiredtoo.
OFDM:
The technique for high bit-rate applications.
High bit-rate signal Time spread
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OFDM ModulationOFDM Modulation
Imperative need for speed. Competingagainst or complementing ADSL, Cablemodem and LMDS.
Imperative need for adaptiveness. EveryPowerline is different, with lots of taps andmultipath propagation.
Imperative need for low cost.
Solution OFDMTransmission medium shared in
time and in frequency
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OFDM IntroductionOFDM Introduction
The tx bandwidth is divided into many narrowsubchannels which are transmitted in parallel.
Each subchannel is narrow enough so that the fading it
experiences is flat no ISI. OFDM increases the spectral efficientlyby allowing
subchannels to overlap
a) FD system
b) OFDM system
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OFDM Introduction IIOFDM Introduction II
Guard interval is added to each OFDM symbol toeliminate ISI.
Adaptive loading
More bits/subchannel where SNR is sufficient. Could also adapt transmit power in each subchannel.
Orthogonality: Carrier spacing is a multiple of 1/T.
Carriers are linearly independent.
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OFDM ModulationOFDM Modulation
Ideal for slow changing multipath channels withhigh time spread (Powerline case):
No need for time equalization (complex FIR Filters).
Simple frequency equalization (phase correction) Best Bps/Hz performance
Spectrally dense signal
Large number of carriers makes things easier: Synchronization is more robust and simple Easier to adapt to notches and ingress
Better immunity to impulsive noise Increase the robustness against frequency selective
fading channels
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DS2 OFDMDS2 OFDM
1280 OFDM carriers
Data rate :
Up to 27 Mbps in downstream channel
Up to 18 Mbps in upstream channel
Data rate per subcarrier adaptable according SNRdetected
N bits per carrier : 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8
Different carriers transmit at different data rates
Modulation efficiency up to 7,25 bps/Hz
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Low CostLow CostImplementationImplementation
Low cost digital implementation:
Only two major components:
FFT processor FEC encoder/decoder
0.25 m Process
304 plastic BGA package
Low cost analogue implementation
One ASIC (DSS7500) + Line Driver + Filters
ASIC implements LNA, PGA, Buffer, CPLD DAC, ADC
0.6 m Process
64 plastic QFP package
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Access and In-homeAccess and In-homeLANLAN
Three different frequency ranges are used:
LINK 1: Low frequency band for ACCESS service
LINK 2: High frequency band for IN-HOME service
LINK LAN: IN-HOME service for xDSL, cable or wireless service
Frequency bands are fully programmable
Hardware needed will be:
HE: Manager in LINK1, LINK LAN
CPE: LINK1/2 and LINK LAN
Home Gateway: Manager in LINK2
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SummarySummaryPerformancePerformance
Highest bit rates (up to 45 Mbps)
Highest efficiency (7,25 bps/Hz)
OFDM with 1280 carriers
Adaptive bpc depending on SNR
Lowest cost per bit (high integration) Adaptive QoS (users and services needs)
IP and SNMP 100% compatible
Access and In-Home service
IN-HOME service for xDSL, cable or wireless service
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Product DescriptionProduct Description
HEs, CPEs and Home Gatewayshave the same block diagram.
DS2 chipsets integrate thesedifferent blocks.
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Product DescriptionProduct Description
Data processingblock
Digital Front EndAnalog Front
End
Line
Coupler
Data processingblock Digital Front End
Analog FrontEnd
DISTRIBUTIONPOWER LINE
DIG
ITALIN
TER
FACE
Digital Interface interacts
with incoming and outgoing
Packets are built adding error
correction and other data
OFDM digital modulation is
implemented
Interaction with powerline in
the analogue field
Protection and filter power
signal with maximum power