large marine ecosystems: megaregional best practices for lme assessment and management
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LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: MEGAREGIONAL BEST PRACTICES
for LME ASSESSMENT and MANAGEMENT
Workshop convened at GEF – IWC8 Negombo, Sri Lanka
May 9, 2016
Kenneth Sherman, NOAALME Program
Andrew Hudson, UNDPWater and Ocean Governance Programme
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Large Marine Ecosystems are Naturally Formed Coastal Ocean Management Areas
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80% OF THE WORLD’S FISHERIES CATCHES ARE PRODUCED IN 66 LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
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Courtesy of Villy Christensen, UBC, Fisheries Centre
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ESTIMATED SOCIOECONOMIC VALUE
OF LMEsGoods and Services Contribute
$12.6 Trillion Annually to the Global Economy
Costanza et al. , NATURE, Vol. 287/ 15 May 19976
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5 MODULES WITH INDICATORS
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• 1992 Rio “Prevent, reduce, and control degradation of the marine environment so as to maintain and improve its life support and productive capacities”
• 2002 Johannesburg “Encourage the application by 2010 of the ecosystem approach”
• 2012 Rio +20 “We therefore commit to protect and restore the health, productivity, and resilience of oceans and marine ecosystems….”
Ecosystem Based Management of LMEs Supported by Agreed Upon Coastal Ocean
Goals of 3 UN Environmental Summits
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Innovative Fusion Between Natural Science (Productivity, Fish & Fisheries, Pollution &
Ecosystem Health) metrics and
Social Science (Socioeconomics, Governance) metricsIntegrated with the
GEF Supported TDA – SAP ProjectImplementation Process
GEF – LME Project Pathway to Science Supported United Nations’ EBM Practice
Requires
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The 15 Fastest Warming
LMEs (1982-2006
Fusion Between LME Theory and LME - Assessment and Management
TO EBM Practice
5 Modules
ProductivityFish & FisheriesPollution & Ecosystem HealthSocioeconomicGovernance
Integrated via TDA SAP Practice Process
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LMEs are Global Centers of Effort to Introduce Ecosystem
Based Management (EBM) Practices in Support of
Sustaining Coastal Ocean Goods and Services
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ARCTICNORTH AMERICAEUROPESOUTH AMERICAASIA AFRICAANTARCTIC
GLOBAL MEGAREGIONAL LME NETWORKS
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Arctic Council Actions and LMEsReference Document PAME May 2013 & LME Volumes/Journals ICES
Faroe Plateau LME Aleutian Islands LMEIceland Shelf and Sea LME West Bering Sea LMEGreenland Sea LME Northern Bering-Chukchi Seas LMENorwegian Sea LME Central Arctic Ocean LMEBarents Sea LME Beaufort Sea LMEKara Sea LME Hudson Bay Complex LMELaptev Sea LME Newfoundland-Labrador Shelf LMEEast Siberian Sea LME Canadian High Arctic-North LMEEast Bering Sea LME Greenland LME
MEGAREGIONAL LME NETWORK
ARCTIC LMEs
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United States – EBM-NOP, ICES/PICES, LME Volumes/Journals
Northeast US Continental Shelf LMESoutheast US Continental Shelf LME
Gulf of Mexico LMECalifornia Current LME
Gulf of Alaska LMEEast Bering Sea LMEAleutian Islands LME
Northern Bering-Chukchi Seas LMEBeaufort Sea LME
West Bering Sea LMECaribbean Sea LME
Insular Pacific-Hawaiian LME
NORTH AMERICAN LMEs
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Canada - Arctic Council and LME Volumes, NAFO-ICES, PICES
Scotian Shelf LMENewfoundland-Labrador Shelf LME
Hudson Bay Complex LMECanadian High Arctic-North Greenland LME
Canadian Eastern Arctic-West Greenland LMEBeaufort Sea LMEGulf of Alaska LME
NORTH AMERICAN LMEs (cont.)
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LME Volumes/Journals, ICES-HELCOM
North Sea LMECeltic-Biscay Shelf LME
Iberian Coastal LME(GEF) Baltic Sea LME(GEF) Black Sea LMENorwegian Sea LME
Barents Sea LME
EUROPEAN LMEs
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Latin American LMEs - LME Volumes/Journals
(GEF) Gulf of Mexico LME(GEF) Caribbean Sea LME (MOU)
(GEF) North Brazil Shelf LMEEast Brazil Shelf LME
South Brazil Shelf LMEPatagonian Shelf LME
(GEF) Humboldt Current LMEPacific Central-American LME
Gulf of California LME
LATIN AMERICAN LMEs
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African LMEs - Volumes/Journals, BCLME Commission, RFOs, African Caucus
(GEF) Canary Current LME(GEF) Guinea Current LME
(GEF) Benguela Current LME(GEF) Somali Coastal Current LME
(GEF) Agulhas Current LME(GEF) Red Sea LME
(GEF) Mediterranean Sea LME
AFRICAN LMEs
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Asian LME - LME Volumes/Journals, PICES, NOWPAP, RFOs
(GEF) Yellow Sea LMEEast China Sea LME
(GEF) South China Sea LME(GEF) Indonesian Sea LME
(GEF) Sulu Celebes Sea LME(GEF) Bay of Bengal LME
(GEF) Gulf of Thailand LMENorth Australian Shelf LME
Northeast Australian Shelf LMEWest-Central Australian Shelf LME
ASIAN LMEs
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Asian LME - LME Volumes/Journals, PICES, NOWPAP, RFOs
Northwest Australian Shelf LMEEast-Central Australian Shelf LMESoutheast Australian Shelf LMESouthwest Australian Shelf LMENorthwest Australian Shelf LME
New Zealand Shelf LMEKuroshio Current LMEOyashio Current LME
Sea of Japan/East Sea LMEOkhotsk Sea LMEArabian Sea LME
ASIAN LMEs (cont.)
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Initial Commission for Ecosystem Based Management
of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Meet regularly to assess changing ecological conditions affecting living marine resources
from an ecosystem perspective
ANTARCTIC LME
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1995-2014 $3.15 billion
2014-2018 $2.86 billion
Total EBM/LME support to developing countries $6.01 billion
From Theory to PracticeGEF Financial Support For Planning &
Implementing EBM Goals in LMEs
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22 LMEs with GEF-Supported EBM Projects since 1994
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“Today the LME approach is the cornerstone of the GEF strategy for ocean and coastal conservation, and the GEF is
the leading global funding source for transboundary water systems.”
From Coast to Coast: Celebrating 20 Years of Transboundary Management of Our Shared Oceans, Chapter 1 Sustaining the World’s Large Marine Ecosystems (2015). GEF, Washington, DC. 178 p. ISBN 978-92-808-6068-9.