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Large Area Steady State Solar Simulator - Apollo
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AllReal APOLLO series steady-state solar simulator are AAA class which is the highest class on the
world. AllReal APOLLO solar simulators designed with specific optical technology by tandem Xenon lamps,
the uniformity can be assured within 2%. Every lamp module will be with stable uniformity and spectral
characteristics without spending much time to adjust it. AllReal APOLLO solar simulator can also complete
the illumination measurement in a short time by opening and closing the lamp cover, especially the
spectral match and uniformity still keep stable (A class), it can be said that AllReal APOLLO solar simulator is
the one that most similar to the real sun.
The spectral coverage of AllReal APOLLO solar simulator is from 350nm to 3000nm, almost all of the
thin film solar module (mono-Si / poly-Si / a-Si / tandem Si / CIGS / CdS / DSSC) test can be completed by
APOLLO. Moreover, the correct power voltage can also be gotten without reference cell. APOLLO have
successfully built more than 100 lamp modules over the world, and have been verified to be the only one
that keep AAA performance after long-term use. Therefore, APOLLO is the best choice for testing laboratory
and quality inspection of company to select solar simulator.
Large Area Steady State Solar Simulator - Apollo
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APOLLO solar simulator is in compliance with standards :
IEC 60904-9:Photovoltaic devices Part 9:
Solar simulator performance
requirements
IEC 61215、IEC 61646 (Table 2) / IEC 61730 /
IEC60904-9
classification
categories
Classification
A
Apollo Actual
Measurement
Apollo
Classification
Spectral
mismatch
0.75-1.25 ~0.96-1.04 A
Non-uniformity
of irradiance
2% ~1.2% -2% A
Temporal
Instability
2% ~1% A
IEC 61215 / IEC 61646
Testing Solar Simulator
Classification
Maximum Power Determination BBA
Performance at STC BBB
Performance at NOCT BBB
Performance at low irradiance BBB
Measurement of temperature
coefficients BBB
Hot-spot endurance test CCB or better
Light Soaking Test (IEC 61646) CCC or better
Table 1
(2)table 2
Table 2
Large Area Steady State Solar Simulator - Apollo
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APOLLO solar simulator award certificates from TOP 3 authentication organizations
AllReal APOLLO solar simulator awards certificates from TÜ V Rheinland (Germany)、Underwriter
Laboratory (US)、National Institute of Metrology (China), and also the only one to acquire AAA large
area steady-state solar simulator certification of the world.
Authentication
Organization Brief Introduction Issued by Issue Date Document No.
Issued
classification
TÜ V Rheinland
TÜ V Rheinland is the leading
inspection organization of
Germany and it has got a history of
130 years. It issued only one AAA
certification until nowadays.
Dr. Werner
Herrmann Jan/2009 21210646 AAA
UL
UL is the leading inspection
organization of photovoltaic module
performance and reliability on the
world.
Charles Jiang
/Jason Knedlhans Feb/2009 SV17654 AAA
NIM
CNAS laboratory, NIM is China’s
national metrological institute and
technical center for legal metrology
Dr. Hsiung Li Min Apr/2009 GXtc2009-0510 AAA
Large Area Steady State Solar Simulator - Apollo
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AllReal APOLLO solar simulator features:
A. AAA steady-state light source is the only one identified equal to the light from real sun. No matter
what thin film photovoltaic module or photovoltaic module that need to expose to long-term
illumination, it can obtain correct power voltage without derivation, approximation or
compensation, truly conforms to testing requirements.
B. Multi lamp module tandem design can assure AAA class even when any one of the lamp modules
shot down. (Graph 1)
APOLLO in Intertek Shanghai (Graph 2)
APOLLO light shape on testing plane (Graph 3)
PV module placed on APOLLO testing stand (Graph 4)
C. The object under test needs to be at least 7.5 meters from and the light source, the reflection
from the object does not interference optical characteristics, and the real Nature condition can
be completely simulated.
=
Graph 1:Tandem design
Graph 2:Example from APOLLO in Intertek Shanghai
Large Area Steady State Solar Simulator - Apollo
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0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
W*m
-2*n
m-1
Wavelength (nm)
Apollo spectra vs. AM1.5G
AM1.5G
Apollo
D. Specific optical design, the irradiance uniformity can be assured AAA for long, and there’s no
need any iron grids or mask between lamp module and object under test, and the real Nature
condition can be completely simulated.
E. The measured value of APOLLO spectral mismatch is from 0.96-1.04, almost 5 times better than
class A (0.75-1.25).(Graph 5)
Graph 5:APOLLO(Spectral Match):Better than Class A
(defined by IEC60904-9)
Graph 3:Light Shape
Graph 4:PV module placed on APOLLO testing stand
Large Area Steady State Solar Simulator - Apollo
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F. Smart automation design – Operators can easily switch different illumination (200 W/m2~1000
W/m2) through touch screen, it can also keep AAA performance without any manual adjustment.
(Table 3~7 Compliance with IEC 60904-9 “Non-Uniformity of Irradiance” Class A)
Table 3
Table 5
Table 4
Large Area Steady State Solar Simulator - Apollo
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G. AllReal APOLLO solar simulators can integrate IV curve measurement system to provide complete
photovoltaic solar module power voltage test solution.
APOLLO can complete IV curve measurement under five different irradiances in an hour.
(200 W/m2、400W/m2、600 W/m2、800 W/m2、1000 W/m2)
H. AllReal originally design and develop, manufactured in Taiwan, for sale in China, with guarantee
after sale.
Remark: The data in Table 3~7 are from Model SS2622(irradiance area 2.6m×2.2m) measured the uniformity separately under
1000 W/m2、800 W/m
2、600 W/m
2、400 W/m
2 and 200 W/m
2, the effective area are divided into 13×11 parts.
Table 6
Table 7
Large Area Steady State Solar Simulator - Apollo
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Comparison of AllReal Apollo 3A steady-state solar simulator and others on the market:
Specification:
Light Source: Xenon (The quantity will depend on customer’s need, Homogenizer and Filter will be
included.)
Lamp Life: 1000 hr
Irradiance: >1050 W/m2
Illumination area : 1.4 m x 1.1 m / 1.5 m x 1.5 m / 2.0 m x 1.7 m / 2.0 m x 2.0 m / 2.3 m x 2.0 m / 2.5 m x
1.5 m / 2.5 m x 2.5 m /2.6 m x 2.2 m / 3.0 m x 3.0 m
Spectral Match: Class A (Compliance with IEC 60904-9〝Spectral Match〞class A definition: 0.75-1.25)
Non-Uniformity of Irradiance: Class A (Compliance with IEC 60904-9〝Non-Uniformity of Irradiance〞class A definition:
≦ 2%)
Temporal Instability: Class A(Compliance with IEC 60904-9〝Temporal Instability 〞class A definition:≦ 2%。)
Apollo-AAA others
Irradiance area per single lamp All Testing area Part of testing area
Non-uniformity measurement method Homogenizer Wire meshes or reflection chamber
Non-uniformity Cycle confirmation No need to confirm within lamp life Around 10 days to a month
utility rate of luminous energy Very good Not good
Range of radiation intencity 200 W/m2 to 1000 W/m
2, it can be
adjust successively without Filter
Full power +/- 10% i.e. 900 ~ 1100 W/m
2, Filter will be
necessary when doing low irradiance test
Third Party authentication TUV / NIM / UL -
Large Area Steady State Solar Simulator - Apollo
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Other supporting equipment:
I-V tracer:
Advantages
16 Bit Analog to Digital Converter Module, Analytic capacity
can be 1/65536。
The most average sample numbers of IV can be 1600 points,
the curve is closed to reality (Graph 6)。
Equipped with active resistor loading, and also can do
Vos-Isc-Voc bidirectional measurement, find out the
measurement speed to fit the module.
Each measurement channel is fully adjustable to adept to
different situation and condition.
4-wire PV module measurement cable,the measurement
won’t be distorted(Graph 7)。
Monitor Cell、PT100Thermalmeter, can analyze the change of
light source to millisecond.
Specification
16 Bit Analog to Digital Converter Module
Sampling Rate: Up to 30 kS/s
Sample:400~1600 points。
Voltage ranges for PV module I-V measurement: 50V / 250V / 500V,resolution: 10mV,accuracy:
0.2%FS。
Current ranges for PV module I-V measurement: 2A / 10A / 40A (2A/10A accuracy : 0.2%FS)。
The power of a single PV module under 1000 W can be measured within
working voltage and current ranges.
PT100 thermometer 0~100℃,resolution 0.1℃.
Real time irradiance monitor: Monitor Cell (Fig. 8).
Single:voltage/current
Material:mono-Si
Irradiance range:0.1~1.3 sun
正面
Fig. 8:Monitor Cell
Graph 7:4-wire PV module measurement
Graph 6:IV Curve
Large Area Steady State Solar Simulator - Apollo
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Power source requirements
Specification:single-phase two-wire system / AC 110 ~220 V / 10 A / 50/60 Hz
Power supply:500 W
Experiments data:
Measurement of a Tandem PV module by the Apollo steady state solar simulator
For tandem PV modules are made of several different photoabsorption materials with specific band gaps,
the photons of different wavelength from sun light are required to be transformed into electrical power.
Apollo steady state solar simulator provides the light source of which the spectrum is extremely close to
nature sunlight to rate the PV modules correctly and save the cost.
Isc Voc Pmpp Impp Vmpp Fill Factor Efficiency Rs Rh
2.79 A 79.49 V 146.79 W 2.36 A 62.16 V 66.26 % 9.49 % 650.58 Ω 266.50 Ω
Cell (or module) Area:1.4 m × 1.1 m Irradiance:1000 W/m2 Temperature:25℃
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 20 40 60 800.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0 Power
Po
wer
(W
)
Current
Cu
rren
t (A
)
Voltage (V)
Isc
Voc