language1 words, words, and more words chapter 4 lecture an early communication theory: general...

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Words, Words, and More Words, Words, and More WordsWords

Chapter 4 LectureChapter 4 LectureAn Early Communication Theory: An Early Communication Theory:

General SemanticsGeneral SemanticsThe Listening – Lights The Listening – Lights http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?vwww.youtube.com/watch?v

=hAx6oFHnb0c=hAx6oFHnb0c

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General SemanticsGeneral Semantics

Even though general semantics is no Even though general semantics is no longer influential in the field of longer influential in the field of communication, it made and makes communication, it made and makes valuable contributions to our valuable contributions to our understanding of what happens when understanding of what happens when people talk to one another.people talk to one another.

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CHARACTER OF SYMBOLSCHARACTER OF SYMBOLS

Symbols are arbitrary.Symbols are arbitrary.Symbols are abstract.Symbols are abstract.Symbols are ambiguous.Symbols are ambiguous.

Consider this clip from No Country for Old Consider this clip from No Country for Old Men Men http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?vwww.youtube.com/watch?v=YP1v85pUuoI=YP1v85pUuoI

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TRY IT OUT, p. 79 TRY IT OUT, p. 79

Each individual needs to write a definition of Each individual needs to write a definition of each of the following words or phrases. each of the following words or phrases.

Committed relationship Committed relationship Men's communication. Men's communication. Women's communication. Women's communication. Compare your definitions with those of other Compare your definitions with those of other

students in your group. How do your meanings students in your group. How do your meanings differ? How might your and others' standpoints differ? How might your and others' standpoints explain the differences?explain the differences?

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HOW SHOULD WE SAY IT?!?!HOW SHOULD WE SAY IT?!?!

Work with team members to collaboratively write Work with team members to collaboratively write appropriate language for the following appropriate language for the following circumstances. Select a spokesperson to share circumstances. Select a spokesperson to share the groups words for each item.the groups words for each item.

Acceptance.Acceptance. Advice. Advice. Apology. Apology. Complaint. Complaint. Congratulations. Congratulations. Get well. Get well.

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Meanings are contextual.Meanings are contextual.

Korzybski believed that communication Korzybski believed that communication problems often occur when we rely on our problems often occur when we rely on our maps, or words, to assign meanings maps, or words, to assign meanings instead of referring to the territories, or instead of referring to the territories, or actual phenomena of experience.actual phenomena of experience.

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Remedies for MisunderstandingRemedies for Misunderstanding

Etc.Etc. IndexingIndexingFeedforward--anticipate effects of Feedforward--anticipate effects of

communication and adapt to the communication and adapt to the anticipated effects in advance.anticipated effects in advance.

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How can we use language more How can we use language more effectively?effectively?

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Are there differences?Are there differences?

What are the differences in communication What are the differences in communication based on gender?based on gender?

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Women use more words to make their Women use more words to make their point. True False ?point. True False ?


Questionable. “The myth is that women Questionable. “The myth is that women use many more words per day than men. use many more words per day than men. Recent research, using an electronically Recent research, using an electronically activated recorder (EAR), says the “data activated recorder (EAR), says the “data fails to reveal a reliable sex difference in fails to reveal a reliable sex difference in daily word use. Women and men both use daily word use. Women and men both use on the average about 16,000 words per on the average about 16,000 words per day, with very large individual differences day, with very large individual differences around this mean.”around this mean.”[112][112]


2 Men are more competitive in their 2 Men are more competitive in their speaking. True False ?speaking. True False ?


YesYes

2 Men are more competitive in their 2 Men are more competitive in their speaking. True False ?speaking. True False ?


3 Men tend to be more task oriented. True 3 Men tend to be more task oriented. True False ?False ?


YesYes

3 Men tend to be more task oriented. True 3 Men tend to be more task oriented. True False ?False ?


4 Women are more supportive 4 Women are more supportive conversationalists. True False ?conversationalists. True False ?


YesYes

4 Women are more supportive 4 Women are more supportive conversationalists. True False ?conversationalists. True False ?


5 Men are more direct in their 5 Men are more direct in their communication. True False ?communication. True False ?


YesYes

5 Men are more direct in their 5 Men are more direct in their communication. True False ?communication. True False ?


6 Women disclose more personal 6 Women disclose more personal information to others than men do. True information to others than men do. True False ? False ?


YesYes

6 Women disclose more personal 6 Women disclose more personal information to others than men do. True information to others than men do. True False ? False ?


7 Women have larger vocabularies for 7 Women have larger vocabularies for describing emotions and aesthetics. True describing emotions and aesthetics. True False ?False ?


YesYes


Gender PossibilitiesGender Possibilities

Men use speech to report, to compete, to gain Men use speech to report, to compete, to gain attention, and to maintain their positions in a attention, and to maintain their positions in a social hierarchy.social hierarchy.

Women use speech to gain rapport, maintain Women use speech to gain rapport, maintain relationships, and reflect a sense of community.”relationships, and reflect a sense of community.”[110][110]

Women often use language to connect with Women often use language to connect with others, while men are more inclined to use others, while men are more inclined to use language to enhance their independence and language to enhance their independence and status. status.


Sex as CommunicationSex as Communication


Men’s ListeningMen’s Listening


Men Show Affection How?Men Show Affection How?


Men are more interested in visual Men are more interested in visual stimulation, physical details. Women are stimulation, physical details. Women are more interested in tactile sensations, more interested in tactile sensations, emotional overtones, and intimacy.”emotional overtones, and intimacy.”[119][119]

Men prefer to talk about actions rather Men prefer to talk about actions rather than emotions.than emotions.[120][120] Over lunch, the guys Over lunch, the guys may throw around a football, while women may throw around a football, while women talk about their lives.talk about their lives.


Men tend to pull away and silently think Men tend to pull away and silently think about what’s bothering them, about what’s bothering them,

Women tend to want to talk about it.Women tend to want to talk about it.[121][121]


Men tend to want a kind of love that is Men tend to want a kind of love that is accepting, trusting, and appreciative;accepting, trusting, and appreciative;

Women primarily need a kind of love that Women primarily need a kind of love that is caring, understanding, and respectful.is caring, understanding, and respectful.[122][122]

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