language style on gospel sermon between catholic and

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Language Style On Gospel Sermon Between Catholic AndProtestant Preacher

Nova Sinaga, Erika [email protected]

Abstract

This research entitled “Language Style On Gospel Sermon Between Catholic And ProtestantPreacher” is intended to identify types of language style and tries to find the most dominantlanguage style usage employed on Catholic and Protestant Preacher. The writer use Krisszner andMandell Theory (1978). There are four types of language style; they are Slang style, Colloquialstyle, Informal style and Formal style. The writer applies the descriptive qualitatve method todescribe and analyze all the data, because the data of this research are in form of sentences. It isanalyzed by Identifying, Classifying and Making conclusion the data. The writer also note thefrequency of the number of the types and the most dominant type language style of Catholic andProtestant Preacher. The language style of Catholic Sunday Service: Formal: 59 (84,3%),Informal: 10 (14,3%), Slang: 1 (1,4%) and Colloquial: 0 (0%). The language style of GKPISunday Service: Formal: 56 (98,25%), Informal: 1 (1,75%), Slang: 0 (0%) and Colloquial: 0 (0%).Based on the percentage the dominant type of language style is formal style. Since sermon isgiving information of religion and word of God, the preacher mostly used formal style. The writersuggest for the students of English Department who want to write journal, thesis, story, especiallyin daily life. It is better to use language style because by using language style people know how tocommunicate appropriately..

Key words :Language style, Slang Style, Colloquial Style, Informal Style, Formalstyle.

1.Introduction

In general all human activities always involve language as a means to interactwith each other. Someone can express ideas, thoughts, desires, and convey informationthrough language. Language is a system of conventional spoken, manual, or writtensymbols by means of which human beings, as members of a social group and participantsin its culture express themselves.

The functions of language include communication, the expression of identity,play, imaginative expression, and emotional release, but the main function of language isto know and understand other people’s idea. Chaika (1982;1) states the language andsociety are so intertwined and it is impossible to understand one without another.

There are two kinds of languages, spoken language and written language. Spokenlanguage is an utterance which is formed from sound, such as conversation, speech,storytelling, discussion, radio, television broadcast, and etc. While written language is anutterance which is formed in the written form, such as novels, comics, newspaper,magazines, letters, books, journals, articles, and etc.

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People use their style to communicate with others both spoken and writtenlanguage; everyone has their own style when they make a communication to others. Theyuse style so that others can understand what they mean, and get the point of theconversation. Language style that used by person, make person different with other andeveryone has language style when communicating.

Indonesia has many religions as well as their language. Religions that exist inIndonesia are Islam, Christian, Catholic, Hindu, Buddha, Kong Hu Cu.

Christianity is one of the Abrahamic faiths based on life, doctrine, death, bycrucifixion, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus from Nazareth to heaven, as described inthe New Testament. Christians believe that Jesus is the Messiah prophesied in the OldTestament. Jesus Christ is Lord, Savior, and holds the teachings of Jesus Christ.

Catholicity is a concept that encompasses the beliefs and practices of numerousChristian denominations, most notably those that describe themselves as Catholic andassociated with the faith and practices of the Catholic Church led by the Pope in Rome.

Sociolinguistics is the study of the relation between language and society.(Ronald Wardhaugh, 2010 :2) Sociolinguistics is concerned with investigated therelationship between language and society with the goal of a better understanding of thestructure of language and of languages function in communication. Sociolinguistics dealswith the existence of social factors that have a role in influencing determining the variouslinguistic forms used by a speaker. One of the topics discussed in sociolinguistics islanguage variation. Language variation is defined as differences in pronunciation, wordchoice, and grammar. According to Holmes (2001:138-276) says that there are two kindsof language variation, they are language variation based on user and language variationbased on usage. Language variation based on user divided into three parts, they areregional variation, social variation, and social dialects. Language variation based onusage divided into three parts, they are register, context, and style. Style refers tolanguage variation that is divided based on the criterion of formality (slang style,colloquial style, informal style, and formal style. This criterion tends to subsume subjectmatter, the audience of discourse, and the occasion.

Style is related more with the situations than with the speakers themselves(Holmes,2001:223). When we want to talk about style, it means that we talk about thesame speakers who talk in different ways on different situations and not the differentspeakers who talk in different ways from each other (Bell, ed. Jaworski,1997:240).Speakers will make differences style when they make a conversation with other people. Itdepends to the situation that they have, on with whom they speak and where theyspeaking too.

There are many people attend Sunday Worship, people watch Sunday Worship atleast once a week. They attend it because they want to know the words of God or theappearance of the preacher. Every preacher has different style to deliver the words ofGod. In the other side people do not know about the style that used by the preacher, andthere are some different language style between Catholic and GKPI Church. Fromexplanation above, the writer wants to explain about style that used by the preacher and tofind out the similarities and differences in language style between Catholic and GKPIChurch.

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Based on the research problem above, this research is intended to achieve objectives,they are : to find out the kinds of language style that used by Preacher in Catholic andGKPI Church., to find out the similarities of Catholic and GKPI Preacher in LanguageStyleThe results of this research are expected to give contribution to the theoretical andpractical uses of language.

Theoretically : to enrich the comprehension and understanding of sociolinguisticslearning, especially about language style., to enrich sources of language style inlinguistics study.

Practically : for Lecturer, This research can be used as a reference in teachingactivity, for Students, This research can be used as another reference for the students whowant to conduct research on sociolinguistics, particularly based on language style, orReader, This research can give more information about language style and each typeespecially those which are used in Catholic and GKPI Church.

Sociolinguistics

Language has relationship with society. In linguistics the relationship betweenlanguage and society called sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics is the study of theconnection between language and society and the way people use language in differentsocial situations.

Trudgill (2000:123) states that sociolinguistics is a part of linguistics which is concernedwith language as a social and cultural phenomenon.

Hudson (2010:10) states that sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation tosociety, implying that sociolinguistics is a part of language.

Holmes (2013:1) states that “Sociolinguistics study the relationship between languageand society. They are interested in explaining why we speak differently in different socialcontext, and they are concerned with identifying the social functions of language and theways it is needed to convey social meaning”.

From all definitions above, it can be concluded that sociolinguistics is a branch oflinguistics that studies about the relationship between language and social life in humans.Sociolinguistics not only deals with the kinds of language people use in daily life, butalso “why” and “how” people use certain styles in communicating with others, this can beinfluenced by several factors such as to whom to speak, when, where, and other factorssuch as age, gender, and status.

Language Variation

Humans do not always speak in the same way for all events. This means thatspeakers have alternatives or options to speak in different ways in different situations.Language variation is kind of language that its use is adapted to the function andsituation.

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Chaer (2004:62) states that varieties of language occur because there aredifferences in social interaction of people or group that caused the usage of languagedepend on the kind of differences itself. Varieties of language are the type of languagecaused by divergence of situation between the speaker and listeners. Language variationsare forms of a language used by people of that language as there are various socialinteraction among region, class, ethnic, group, age, and gender. Language variations varyon some language aspects, such as pronunciation, grammar, or word choice within inlanguage.

Language variation is divided into two types: Language variation based on userand language variation based on usage. Language variation based on user is divided intothree parts: Regional Variation, Social Variation, and Social Dialect. Language variationbased on usage is divided into three parts: Style, Context and Register.

The Classification of Language Variation

Sociolinguistics explains the differences about language variation classification.Holmes (1992: 138-276) says that there are two kinds of language variation, they arebased on user and based on usage.

Language variation based on user:

1. Regional Variation

Regional variation is about where the language is used, related with thegeographical areas. Regional differences can be found in vocabulary, pronunciation, andthe combination of items as they are placed in sentences, and even language use, forexample, the way British say “football” while American say “soccer”. MoreoverAmerican English and British English’s spelling are also different, for example “colour”in British way, in American way “color”.

2 Social VariationSocial variation like education, exposure to urban environment, social mobility,

and change in government policies may often cut cross the generally recognizedstratification in terms of religion, caste, and mother tongue. The other aspects ofsociolinguistics variation besides the correlation with social stratification, which isdependent on region, is the pattern of group interaction and its relation to variation ratherthan weaken it because the cast distinctions are maintained through linguistic differencesbesides other symbol.

3 Social DialectSocial dialect in language might be considered from perspective of differences

between speakers in a variety of dimension, including age, social class and network, raceor ethnicity, gender. The social interaction of different castes appears to strengthenvariation rather than weaken it because the caste distinctions are maintained throughlinguistic differences besides other symbol.

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Language variation based on usage:

4 Style

Holmes (2001: 245-46) states that terms style as a language variation whichreflects some changes in situational factors, such as address, setting, task or topic. Style isoften analyzed along the scale of formality while register is associated with particulargroups of people or sometimes situations of use.

Style is influenced by addresses. Many factors may contribute in determining thedegree of social distance or solidarity between people-age relative, sex, social roles, andwhether people work together, or the part of the same family.

5 Context

Context is the circumstance surrounding a message. The circumstance mightinclude the setting, the value positions of people and appropriateness of a message.Context is very important, if there are a speaker and don’t understand your audience, themessage will not come across with widespread reception. If there is a recipient of amessage and the recipient cannot figure out a message because your vocabulary islimited, you miss out on the entire meaning of a message.

6 Register

According to Holmes (2001: 246), some linguists use the terms register narrowlyto describe the specific vocabulary associated with different occupational groups.

Yule (2006, 210-211) defines register as a conventional way of using languagethat is appropriate in a specific context, which may be identified as situational,occupational and topical. Register is a variety of a language used for a particular purposeor in a particular social setting.

The Classification of Language Style

Kirszner and Mandell (1978:10-23) divide language style in four levels, they are:

1 Slang Style

Slang is very informal language that includes now and sometimes not politewords and meanings, and it is often used among particular groups of people and is usuallynot used in serious speech or writing. Slang refers to words, phrases and uses that areregarded as vey informal and often restricted to special context or peculiar to a specifiedprofession class.

Example:

1. “You can’t get your phone to work? Just switch it off, move the battery aroundand turn it back on and Bob’s your uncle!

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Bob’s your uncle means to express when you are dealing with a problem, and it isresolved or easily sorted out.

2. My mum was really chuffed that I had the highest score in my entire college!

Really chuffed means to describe being really happy or pleased at something,particularly an achievement, or something you’re proud of.

3. I don’t want to see an action movie – they’re really not my cup of tea.Not my cup of tea means to express when something is not to your preference orliking.

2 Colloquial Style

Colloquial style is similar to slang, when used in writing it gives the impressionof speech. It is not as radical as slang, and it is more relaxed and conversational thanformal style.

Example:

1. I can't stand him wearing flip- flops to dinner. It's an act of impoliteness.Flip-flops mean rubber sandals used at the seaside.

2. As she waited for her in-laws' visit, she would always keep her flat shipshape.Shipshape means tidy or in good order.

3. Do not protest: you'll have to do your homework by hook or by crook .By hook or by crook means by any possible method.

3 Informal Style

Informal style is a type of language style used with more familiar people incasual conversation. In informal style, contractions are used more often, rules of negationand agreement may be altered, and slang or colloquialisms may be used. Informal stylealso permits certain abbreviations and deletions, but they are rule governed.

Example:

1. Deleting the “you” subject and the auxiliary often shorten questions. Instead ofasking, “Are you running in the marathon,” a person might ask, “Running themarathon?”

2. Using contraction such as what’s up, what’s going on, she’s.

4 Formal Style

Formal style is used in formal setting and is one-way in nature. This use oflanguage usually follows a commonly accepted format. It is usually impersonal andformal, and it also used in addressing audience usually that is too large or permit effective

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interchange between speaker and hearers. This style usually exists in sermons, rhetoricalstatement, and questions, speeches, pronouncements made by judges, announcements.

Example:

1. Good morning, what I could help to you sir?2. Could you give me your identity card sir?3. I would like to introduce myself to you.

Sunday Worship

According to the belief and faith of Christians worship is all activities of deeds,words and thoughts devoted to the glory of the name of Christ and can cast out demons.So that understanding worship which is only a Christian activity within a church buildingis not the correct understanding. Activities are parts of worship that become the church'sgratitude and expressed through praise and worship of God. The Christian Churchbelieves that within every feast of God's worship is present together with His church andreign over the praise of His people. An ordinary Christian worship activity is divided intotwo parts, namely Praise and Worship and Sermon. Praise and Worship means the churchgive expression of faith and gratitude to God through singing, dancing, and praying.While the Sermon has meaning that God speaks to His church through Preacher / Priest inthe delivery of His word. Meaning the whole of worship in Christianity is a form ofrelationship between God and the Church, this relationship is two-way this worship isalso a communication of God and His church.

This communication provides a holy religious experience. Word religious relate tothe word relegate, Latin meaning binding, so religious means bonding. So worship is notjust as a purely philosophical and intellectual experience, but also involves humanfeelings and actions in the bonds of the relationship with God. The worship performed bythe Church exists by faith or trust in the congregation to Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior.This faith is the recognition of the whole church of Christ that Jesus is the way ofsalvation and life and only through Jesus human beings can be saved from sin and death."Faith is the foundation of everything we hope for and the evidence of all something wedo not see "Hebrews 11: 1. From the sense of Faith like contained in the New Testamentcan be known that faith is the most basic thing of the Christian life. Faith in Christ is atthe heart of Christianity itself.

Preacher

A preacher is usually a person who delivers sermons on religious topics to anassembly of people. A preacher is a teacher common in the congregation; it has anobligation to define an inner atmosphere congregation so that the congregation can morevigorously fulfill its call as a teaching and learning fellowship. According to G.D.Dahlenburg, the priest is a servant who is sent by God to serve and be responsible withwhat God has entrusted to bring the gospel of truth to all people. The word "pastor" is notfound in the Bible. Alexander Strauch mentions that the word Pastor was taken fromoutside of Christianity to giving a name to a single shepherd or senior in power.

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The word priest in a large Indonesian dictionary is defined as a person clever,ascetics (in ancient stories), leaders, leaders or religious teachers. The pastor is a name forreligious leaders. The pastor is called to carry out the ministry work inside church or aparticular congregation. The work of the ministry, among others preaching the Word ofGod, serving the sacrament recognized by the church or such congregations and otherpastoral or pastoral duties, other than that the pastor is also the leader in the congregation.According to Notohamidjojo the leader is an adult with the prestige of striving to achieveits organizational objectives on the basis of good cooperation under the rules set togetherand the reasonable wisdom to achieve aim. Dahlenburg argues that the pastor is called bythe church (synod) to serve in a particular congregation as well as an overseer /episkopos.12 He also quotes Luther: "if we are Christians, then we all are a Priest ". Butthe priests we call to serve over our name and their position as pastor is a service only.Because not everyone is able and able to preach, teach, lead, then there must be a personentrusted and sent with prayer and laying on of hands before the Lord and hiscongregation who then holds the post of priest.

Catholic

The Catholic Church believes that God is one, who is present in three persons,namely Name of the Father, Son and the Holy Spirit. Confidence is included in theNicene Creed and explained in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Credo of Niceais indeed an information center in explaining the problem of beliefs of Christiandenominations. As the council activities in Jerusalem, who at that time was the Apostlesaround the year 50 AD in order to explain the teachings of the Church, it can be rejectedmeasure, for the implementation of the next Church Council, organized by the peopleChurch leadership sustainably. As recorded in the history of Christians, that the lastcouncil held by the leaders of the Church throughout history. For the first time theCouncil of Church was held at the Vatican in 1965. Council events as a form of churcheffort to unite understanding of Christians in theological issues and problems itsrelationship with the development of the church and its people, because so far, the churchalways buffeted by the internal crisis of the church itself, so sects are born within church.

The Catholic Church affirms the holiness of all human life, from within contentto death naturally. The Jewish Church believes that each person created according to the"image and likeness of God" and that human life should not be measured based on othervalues such as economy, comfort, personal preference or social engineering. Therefore,the church opposes the activities it believes in destroying or defaming the sacred life,including euthanasia, eugenics and abortions.

GKPI (Christian Protestant Church in Indonesia)

Protestant Christianity comes from the word “protes”, which was pronounced bythe prince of Germany that supports the renewal movement against the religious pope'sdecision, Roman Catholicism during the second session of the Imperial Council (StateCouncil) in the city speyer (1529) for forbidding the widespread renewal of the renewal.

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At that time the King of Germany became a follower of the gospel and then stronglyopposed to the pressure of catholic ruler of this protest was born a group calling itself as aProtestant group.

The Reformation is a religious movement of the 15th and 16th centuries that itdemands on the formation of Protestant Churches throughout Europe, especially theChurch of Luther and Reform / Presbyterin. The main Reformers on the continent wereMartin Luther, John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli agreed upon the hegemony of the Al-Kitab Sabda Allah differences in the way they do.

The state of society, where there are signs of changing times, except political andsocial. Culture does not belong to the Clergy and the class nobility only, but has belongedto all classes and groups of society. People have found Misiu, Columbus has made thevoyage all the way to America. First of all, Eastern orthodox Christians whose beliefs aresimilar with Catholic beliefs, The difference of his people lies in papal infallibility, Thefilioque and Maria clauses are contained without taints. Various Protestant denominationsvaried in beliefs, but in general they differed from the Catholics in the papal question.The tradition of the Church, the Eucharist, saints as well as on issues related to grace,good deeds and safety. Contrary to all signs of progress, the Church has not revealed theaddress new life. Generally people feel uncomfortable and less satisfied, about thecircumstances bad church. Here has the assumption or assumption of the Pope'stemptation or against the behavior of the monks and clerics who are indecent. Themedieval philosopher, Immanuel Kant 7 (1724) who was born in the East of Prussia(Konigsberg) felt that it was very important in preserving the foundation Christian belief.Kant was a Protestant, since the reformation era, the teachings Protestants are alwayscharacterized by their emphasis on Faith. The Catholic Church, on the contrary, has sinceearly medieval faith believes more as a pillar of faith.

Conceptual Framework

In conducting this research, theories are needed to explain some concepts applied.The explanation is considered important. The concepts which were used might beclarified in order to having the same perspective with the implementation in the field. Thefollowing is the clarification of the concepts used for feasibility of the study.

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Sociolinguistics

Holmes (2013:1)

SermonGospel

LanguageStyle inSermonGospel

Types of Language Styleaccording to Krissznerand Mandell (1978:10-

23)

1.Slang Style

2.Colloquial

Style

3.Informal Style

4.Formal Style

Style

Mandell(1978:10-23)

ContextSocial

Dialect

RegisterSocial

Variation

Regional

Variation

Language Variation

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2. Research Design

Burns and Grove (2003:195) state that a research designs as “a blueprint forconducting a study with maximum control over factors that may interfere with thevalidity of the findings”. This research use descriptive qualitative research with dataanalysis approach. It means that the research only collected, classified, and analyzed thedata and then drew conclusion according to the analysis without making generalization.The purpose of this research is to find out types of language style used by the preacher inCatholic and Preacher in GKPI at the church. The research will be descriptive qualitativeresearch.

Descriptive qualitative research is method of inquiry employed in many differentacademic disciplines, traditionally in the social scientist, but also in market research andfurther context. It can be seen that the data are collected in the form of words orsentences.

The source of data is Sunday Worship in Catholic and GKPI. This data will betaken on three Sunday Worship in Catholic and GKPI as the sample, also the data are thewords, phrases, and sentences that are included in Sunday Service.

In collecting data, there are some steps done as following study:

1. Recording, watching and listening Catholic and GKPI Preacher Sunday SermonService

2. Transcribing the Catholic and GKPI Preacher utterances.3. Underlining language style used by Catholic and GKPI Preacher.

The procedures data are useful in analyzing the data, the writer deals the data,namely:

1. Recording the data of Catholic and GKPI Sermon.2. Transcribing the data of Catholic and GKPI Sermon.3. Identifying the data types of language style by Catholic and GKPI Preacher.4. Classifying the data based on the language style by Catholic and GKPI Preacher.5. Analyzing the sentences based on language style by Catholic and GKPI Preacher.6. Tabulating the sentence based on language style by Catholic and GKPI Preacher.7. Concluding the data.

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The Data Analysis

Table 4.2 List of Data

No Date / Time Church Theme1 Feb 11th 2018 /

08.30Catholic I came not to call the righteous but sinners to

repentance.( Luke 5:27:32)2 Feb 18th 2018 /

08.30Catholic Love your enemies and pray for those who

persecute you (Matthew 5:43-48)3 Feb 25th 2018 /

08.30Catholic God’s kingdom is near, repent and believe in

the Bible (Psalm 91:15-16)”4 Feb 11th 2018 /

10.30GKPI Blessed to be a blessing (Genesis 3:6-14)

5 Feb 11th 2018 /10.30

GKPI Follow Jesus sincerely (Luke 9:57-62)

6 Feb 18th 2018 /11.30

GKPI God loves all nations (Jonah 4:1-11)

The data were analyzed by using Kirszner and Mandell theory (1978), to find outthe language styles as procedures of analyzing data. The writer recorded and transcribedof the videos and then the writer identified every sentence based on language style.According to Kirszner and Mandell theory there are 4 styles, they are: slang style,colloquial style, informal style, and formal style. The writer presents 5 examples of thedata analysis.

3. Data Analysis

The first data is transcription of Harmonious Family video from Catholicpreacher. The data are as follow:

1. Bapak Ibu Saudara sekalian yang saya kasihi dalam Tuhan kita Yesus Kristus.

Ladies and Gentlemen whom I love in our Lord Jesus Christ.

In this part the preacher included the sentence that usually used in formalsituation. This sentence is usually said by a preacher when opening an event. Thissentence is classified as formal style because it shows respect by the preacher.

2. Ada apa dengan keluarga?

What's wrong with the family?

In this part the preacher included the sentence that usually used in informalsituation. This sentence is classified as informal style because the preacher usedomission of grammatical elements, and the word showed that there is impressioninformality.

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3. Bagaimanakah sikapmu?How is your attitude?In this part the preacher used grammatical accuracy. This sentence is classified asformal style.

4. Saudara Saudariku kalau kita mengatakan aku mau, maka sembuhlah engkau.Saat itu kita menciptakan suasana kerukunan keluarga, suasana kehidupan dalamkeluarga kita, suasana kehidupan bagi orang.Ladies and Gentlemen if we say I want, and then heal you. At that time we createan atmosphere of family harmony, the atmosphere of life in our family, theatmosphere of life for people.

In this part the preacher used formal style because the preacher gave respect tohis congregation by calling “Ladies and Gentlemen”

5. AMIN

AMEN

In this part the preacher used formal style because the preacher gave respect tohis congregation by saying AMEN to close the sermon.

Data 2

The second data is transcription of God will control your life video. The data areas follows:

1. Bapak Ibu Saudara saudariku yang saya kasihi didalam Tuhan kita YesusKristus.Ladies and Gentlemen whom I love in our Lord Jesus Christ.


2. Selamat pagi semua.

Good morning everyone.

In this part the preacher used sentence to greet congregation. People who conducta formal event always greet the audiences. This sentence is classified as formalstyle.

3. Baik, saudara-saudariku kita masuk pada focus hari ini:

Well, my brothers and sisters come in to today's focus.

In this part the preacher used formal style because the preacher gave respect tohis congregation by calling “Brothers and Sisters”

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4. Tadi kata PSI tentang rabu abu.

The PSI said about the ashes.

This sentence is classified as informal style because the preacher said a word bysaying abbreviation word. In formal situation the speaker cannot say abbreviationword, but say complete word.

5. Dalam tradisi Yahudi mengatakan demikan. Singkirkan mereka, dan ini benar,hukum Tuhan mengatakan bahwa supaya orang yang sehat tidak tertular penyakitdemikian, ini dibenarkan yang salah adalah ketika anda melihat orang kusta, andamenutup hidung anda, anda menutup mata anda, anda menutup hati anda untukmemberikan bantuan kepada mereka , inilah sikap yang salah.

In the Jewish tradition says so, get rid of them, and this true. The law of God saysthat in order for a healthy person not to catch such a disease. This is justified, thewrong is when you see a leper, and you cover your nose, eyes, and heart to helpthem. This is the wrong attitude.

This sentence is classified as formal style because the preacher explainedsomething so that the audiences can get that point. A speaker gave an explanationand give long sentence to the audience in formal situation.

Data 3

The third data is transcription of “God’s kingdom is near, repent and believe inthe Bible” video. The data are as follows:

1. Jemaat yang dikasihi Yesus Kristus.The congregations are loved Jesus Christ.


2. Mereka selamat dari ancaman air bah.They were safe from great deluge.In this part the preacher used grammatical accuracy. This sentence is classified asformal style.

3. Pada zaman Nuh air melambangkan pembinasaan, namun kini melambangkanpembaptisan yang menyelamatkan menusia.In the time of Noah, water symbolizes of destruction, but now symbolizes thebaptism that saved people.In this part the preacher explained something and gave the difference of that era.This sentence is classified as formal style.

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4. Kita semua juga telah menerima air ini.We all have already received this water.This sentence is classified as formal style because the preacher used grammaticalaccuracy.

5. Kalau saya katakan apakah saudara saudari sudah percaya kepada injil, ngakperlu dijawab saya sudah tahu jawabannya.mungkin jawabannya adalah ya kamipercaya,If I say, have sisters and brothers already believed in the Bible? I didn’t need theanswer. I have already known your answer is yes, we are believed.This sentence is classified as informal style, because the preacher gave aquestion, but he did not accept the answer of the audience, and he answered thequestion directly. This is an impolite style, in polite style if someone gave aquestion the speaker must take the answer of the audiences.

Data 4

The forth data is transcription of “Blessed to be a blessing (Genesis 12:1-9)”video. The data are as follows:

1. Bapak, Ibu yang saya kasihi, firman yang ingin Tuhan sampaikan kepada kita,diminggu hari ini yang tertulis pada kej 12:1-9.

Ladies and Gentlemen the word that God wants to convey to us in this Sunday aswritten in Genesis 12:1-9.


2. Marilah kita dengarkan.

Let us listen

This sentence is classified as formal style because the preacher used grammaticalaccuracy.

3. Nama minggu kita hari ini adalah estomihi yang berarti jadilah bagiku gunungbatu tempat perlindungan.

The name of our week today is estomihi which means Be a rock of refuge to me.

This sentence is classified as formal style, because the preacher gave a term andgave the explanation about the term briefly, so the audiences can get the pointeasily.

4. Berganti nama dari Abram menjadi Abraham, setelah Tuhan berjanji kepadaAbraham untuk menjadikannya sebuah bangsa yang besar beserta keturunannya.

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Renamed to Abraham, after God promised to make Abraham be a great nationand his descendants.

This sentence is classified as formal style because the preacher usedchronological event. The preacher explained why Jesus change Abram name.

5. Mengapa dia berkata demikian?

Why did he say that?

This sentence is classified as formal style because the preacher used grammaticalaccuracy.

The Data Findings

After analyzing the data, the writer found the data of language style based onCatholic and GKPI Preacher videos. Here is the number and the percentage of each typeof language style. They are:

Table 4.1

Total Data of The Analysis Based on Language Style.

“Catholic Video 1-3”

No Language Style Slang Colloquial Informal Formal TotalData

1 Catholic Video 1 - - 3 14

702 Catholic Video 2 1 - 5 233 Catholic Video 3 - - 2 22

Total Catholic Video 1-3 1 - 10 59% 1,4 % - 14,3% 84,3%

Table 4.3.2

Total Data of The Analysis Data Based on Language Style.

“GKPI Video 1-3”

No Language Style Slang Colloquial Informal Formal TotalData

1 GKPI Video 1 - - - 20

572 GKPI Video 2 - - - 193 GKPI Video 3 - - 1 17

Total GKPI Video 1-3 - - 1 56

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% - - 1,75% 98,25%

After analyzing the data, the writer gets some findings.

There are 3 styles from the 4 language styles in Catholic preacher and there are 2styles from the 4 language styles in GKPI preacher. They are: Slang style is 1,4%,Informal Style is 14,3%, and Formal style is 84,3% by using Catholic preacher, andInformal is 1,75%, Formal style is 98,25% by using GKPI preacher.

From the recapitulation Catholic and GKPI have some similarities based onlanguage style, they are dominantly use formal style and informal style. They havedifference based on language style such as Catholic uses slang style even though just1,4%.

The most dominant is Formal style. Formal style can be classified as the dominantstyle because Sermon Gospel has the standard rules and each rule must be obey by theattendees or people who come, the preacher should use formal style in formal event.Table 1

List of Language Style Found in I came not to call the righteous but sinners torepentance (Luke 5:27-32)

No Sentence 1 2 3 4 Date/Time1 Bapak Ibu Saudara sekalian yang saya kasihi

dalam Tuhan kita Yesus Kristus.Ladies and Gentlemen whom I love in our LordJesus Christ.

Feb 11th

2018/09.00

2 Keluarga rukun dengan berbagai macam usaha,pekerjaan, peristiwa yang sudah kita mulai dariJanuari sampai saat ini Februari. Keuskupanmenjelaskan proses bagaimana mewujudkankeluarga rukun.Families get along well with all kinds ofbusinesses, jobs, events we've started fromJanuary to this February. The bishopricexplains the process of how to create aharmonious family.

3 Ada apa dengan keluarga?What's wrong with the family?

4 Ada apa dengan kita sekalian Bapak/Ibu?What's wrong with all of us ladies andgentlemen?

5 Maka coba kita masing-masing sebagai Bapakataupun sebagai Ibu, lihatlah tanggungjawabmu yang diserahkan kepadamu.

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Then try each of us as a father or as a mother,look at your responsibilities that given to you.

6 Bagaimanakah pendapatmu?How do you think?

7 Bagaimanakah sikapmu?How is your attitude?

8 Bagaimana komitmenmu terhadap panggilanitu?How is your commitment to that call?

9 Menjadi seorang Bapak, Ibu, dan anak dalamkeluarga. Apakah sudah menunjukkan bahwadiri saya sudah memberikan yang terbaikkepada keluargaku?Become a father, mother, and child in thefamily has it shown that I have given my best tomy family?

10 Secara terang-terangan menjelaskan bahwaorang yang sakit kusta ini harus disingkirkan,berpakaian compang camping, rambutnyaharus terurai dan dia harus jauh.Openly explaining that this leper must beremoved, dressed in rags, he must be far away.

11 Baiklah saudara sekalian banyak keluargakatolik yang saat ini menderita penyakit kusta.All right, brothers and sisters of many Catholicfamilies who are currently suffering fromleprosy.

12 Perjanjian lama memiliki aturan yang kerasdan mengatakan orang sakit harus dibuang.Old Testament has tough rules and says sickpeople should be thrown away.

13 Pernyataan ini masih praduga kareana orangkusta itu tau bahwa Yesus adalah keturunanorang Yahudi. Mungkin Dia juga memilikitanggapan yang sama bahwa orang sakit ituharus disingkirkan, oleh karena itu diamengatakan kalau Engkau mau ,This statement is still a presumption becausethe leprosy person knows that Jesus is adescendant of the Jews. Perhaps He also hasthe same response that the sick person must be

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removed, therefore he says that if you will.14 Yang dibuat oleh Yesus adalah Dia tidak

memakai pikiranNya, tapi Dia tanggapi situasiini dengan hatiNya, dan Dia mengatakan Akumau engkau menjadi sembuh.What Jesus makes is that He does not use Hismind, but He responds to this situation withHis heart, and he says I want you to be healed.

15 Saudara Saudariku kalau kita mengatakan akumau, maka sembuhlah engkau. Saat itu kitamenciptakan suasana kerukunan keluarga,suasana kehidupan dalam keluarga kita,suasana kehidupan bagi orang.Ladies and Gentlemen if we say I want, andthen heal you. At that time we create anatmosphere of family harmony, the atmosphereof life in our family, the atmosphere of life forpeople.

16 Setiap anggota keluarga berusaha untukmenciptakan suasana hidup yang rukun.Every family member strives to create aharmonious atmosphere.

17 AMINAMEN

Analysis:

1. In this part the preacher included the sentence that usually used in formalsituation. This sentence usually says a preacher when opening an event. Thissentence is classified as formal style because it shows respect by thepreacher.

2. This sentence is classified as informal style because there is contraction in thesentence.



5. This sentence is classified as formal style because the preacher usedgrammatical accuracy.



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9. This sentence is classified as formal style because the preacher gave questionby using grammatical accuracy.

10. This sentence is classified as formal style because the preacher gave astatement that describes the situation.

11. This sentence is classified as formal style because the preacher respect hiscongregation by calling “Brothers and Sister”.

12. This sentence is classified as formal style because the preacher usedgrammatical accuracy and gave description about the situation.

13. This sentence is classified as formal style because the preacher gave astatement and reason why someone did that action.

14. This sentence is classified as formal style because the preacher described theGod’s action.

15. This sentence is classified as formal style because the preacher respect hiscongregation by calling “Ladies and Gentlemen”


17. This sentence is classified as formal style because the preacher used agreeting to close his speech.

4.Conclusion

Through considering the analysis and determining types of language style in“Catholic and GKPI preacher in Sunday Service, the conclusions are presented asfollows:1. Language style is defined as the choice of words used by a specific group of

people when they speak. Speakers will make differences style when theymake a conversation with other people. It depends to the situation that theyhave, on with whom they speak and where they speaking too.

2. There are 3 language style found in six videos of Sunday Service fromCatholic and GKPI preacher, they are formal, informal, and slang style.

3. The most dominant language style of Catholic and GKPI preacher in SundayService is Formal Style because Sunday Service is classified as a formalevent.

4. The language style of Catholic Sunday Service:Formal: 59 (84,3%), Informal: 10 (14,3%), Slang: 1 (1,4%), Colloquial: 0(0%).

5. The language style of Catholic Sunday Service:Formal: 56 (98,25%), Informal: 1 (1,75%), Slang: 0 (0%), Colloquial: 0(0%).

63

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language style on gospel sermon between catholic and

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