language ireland
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- 1. The Linguistic Issue in Ireland
- 2.
- The Celts and the Celtic
- Languages.
- 2. Some notes about the
- English language in Ireland.
- 3. Nationalism, language
- and identity.
- 4. Language planning in Ireland.
- 3.
- The celts and the
- celtic Languages.
- 4. One of the main issues considered by Celtic Studies is the meaning of the term Celtic itself. From a scientific point of view, the word Celtic is primarily a linguistic term, and it refers to a group of Indoeuropean languages which developped in the European Continent some 5,000 years ago. Science does not consider, up to now, that the term Celtic has something to do with a distinctive culture, a particular ethnic group, a religion or a kind of music.
- 5.
- We do not know wether the Celts invaded Western
- Europe or wether they just exported their languages
- pacifically.
- The origins of the Celts are traditionally situated in a
- region between Switzerland, the South of Germany
- and the North of Italy.
- The Celts disappeared under the pressure of the
- Germans (from the North of Europe) and the Latins
- (from the South).
- 6.
- There are two different groups of Celtic languages:
- a) Continental Celtic (mainly in Northern Spain,
- France and Germany)
- b) Insular Celtic (in Britain and Ireland)
- Continental Celtic totally disappeared, and the only
- Celtic Languages that remain are Insular, including
- Breton.
- Celtic migrations to Armorica and Northern Galicia.
- 7.
- The Celtic Languages today are the following:
- Irish Gaelic.
- Scottish Gaelic.
- Welsh.
- Breton .
- Cornish and Manx disappeared in the 17 th Century
- a nd in the beginning of the 20 th Century respectively.
- They are now dead languages, although several attempts
- t o revive them have been made.
- 8. 2. Some notes about The english language In ireland
- 9.
- The first time that the Anglo-Normans landed in
- Ireland was in 1169, on the request of a local lord.
- It was in the area around the city of Dublin, known
- as the Pale , where Anglo-Norman was spoken for
- the first time in Ireland.
- The first English settlers where quickly assimilated
- by the Irish population and during the 14 th and 15 th
- Centuries, English was not widely spoken in Ireland.
- The Battle of Kinsale (Cork, 1601), which forced
- the so-called Flight of the Earls in 1607, was a
- turning point in the history of the Irish language.
- 10.
- During the 16 th century the first plantations took
- place in Ireland, and the first people who moved
- there were soon assimilated by the native population.
- In the Ulster, the plantations were very different,
- since it was common people who moved there, and
- they did consequently not govern, but rather displace
- the native Irish population.
- The plantations later included two forms:
- transplantation and transportation , which were quite
- different from each other and which had very different consequences on the local population.
- 11.
- During the 18 th and 19 th century, the native
- Irish population was deprived of education. Only
- the hedge schools provided a means of gaining
- access to education.
- The Ascendancy , who used to live in
- Big houses did have a right to be educated.
- In 1840 the Great Famine took place, what
- constituted a turning point for the Irish language.
- 12. 3. Nationalism, Language And identity
- 13.
- Man is a social being. Human societies are founded
- on the principle of identity.
- Identity may be based on ethnic group, religion,
- language, gender, etc. and it implies both a personal
- choice and an external acceptance.
- Identity as a multidimensional reality vs. power
- relations.
- The denial of ones identity.
- 14.
- The problem of identity in nations without a State
- in modern Europe: frustrated national projects,
- identities and the concept of Nation-State.
- Nationalism and identity are usually related to power
- relations within a given society: Catalan, Basque and
- Galician nationalisms and identities. The bourgeoisie:
- economical and political power.
- Power relations in Ireland. Religion and language.
- 15.
- Identity as a historical construction. Identity and myth:
- The foundation of a nation and the need for myths.
- Galicia as a Celtic country: discovery or invention?
- Other national myths: Spain and the Reconquista.
- The American Dream. The French Revolution.
- National identities founded in contrast to European
- State identities: The Catalan and Basque orthography.
- Catholicism in Ireland.
- 16. 4. Language planning In Ireland
- 17.
- Language normalisation vs. normativisation.
- The three main fields of language planning
- in which the Irish government operated were:
- Education, the Gaeltacht and the public service.
- Language and education in Ireland: From
- Revivalism to Bilingualism.
- Similar processes in France and Spain.The
- concept of lengua minorizada in Spain.
- 18.
- Language promotion and power relations. What
- language will the children speak? The playtime.
- Final reflexion: The future of minority languages
- within a globalised world.
- 19. The Linguistic Issue in Ireland