language hull & vaid, 2006 pre-ib. explain one study related to localization of function in the...

LanguageLanguageHull & Vaid, 2006Hull & Vaid, 2006

Pre-IBPre-IB

Explain One Study Related to Explain One Study Related to Localization of Function in the Localization of Function in the

BrainBrain►Recent research shows that the right Recent research shows that the right

brain plays more of a supportive role brain plays more of a supportive role in language than originally thoughtin language than originally thought

►The environment even has some The environment even has some influence on localization of influence on localization of developmentdevelopment

BilingualismBilingualism

►Some studies have concluded – bilingual Some studies have concluded – bilingual children who learn two languages children who learn two languages simultaneously have smaller simultaneously have smaller vocabularies in each of their languages vocabularies in each of their languages than monolingual children have in their than monolingual children have in their own languageown language But when their two overlapping But when their two overlapping

vocabularies are added, their total vocab. Is vocabularies are added, their total vocab. Is similar to that of children learning a single similar to that of children learning a single languagelanguage


►Bilingual and monolingual children are Bilingual and monolingual children are largely similar in the course and rate of largely similar in the course and rate of their language developmenttheir language development

►Cognitive skills Cognitive skills Middle class bilingual subjects who are Middle class bilingual subjects who are

fluent in both languages tend to score fluent in both languages tend to score somewhat higher than monolingual somewhat higher than monolingual subjects on measures of cognitive subjects on measures of cognitive flexibility, analytical reasoning, selective flexibility, analytical reasoning, selective attentionattention

Speed - disadvantageSpeed - disadvantage


► Age is a significant factor for the ability to Age is a significant factor for the ability to learn a second languagelearn a second language Earlier is betterEarlier is better

► Acculturation is a second factor that assist Acculturation is a second factor that assist with the acquisition of a second languagewith the acquisition of a second language The degree to which a person is socially and The degree to which a person is socially and

psychologically integrated into a new culturepsychologically integrated into a new culture Greater acculturation facilitates more rapid Greater acculturation facilitates more rapid

acquisition of the new culture’s languageacquisition of the new culture’s language Bidirectional approach – Language is not only Bidirectional approach – Language is not only

cognitive processing, but sociocultural and cognitive processing, but sociocultural and biological factors also play a vital rolebiological factors also play a vital role


BrainBrain►Broca’s Area ? Broca’s Area ?

►Wernicke’s Area?Wernicke’s Area? What do these areas do and where are What do these areas do and where are

they located?they located?


BrainBrain► Complex abstract humancognitive processing Complex abstract humancognitive processing

is possible only with the coordination of is possible only with the coordination of many smaller brain regionsmany smaller brain regions

►Damage to a specific part of the brain Damage to a specific part of the brain may lead to deficits in comprehending may lead to deficits in comprehending language (Wernicke’s Area)language (Wernicke’s Area) Does not mean that language Does not mean that language

comprehension is located in that area onlycomprehension is located in that area only The specific damage is just disruption on The specific damage is just disruption on

one part of the total processone part of the total process Damage to the Wernicke’s area is not Damage to the Wernicke’s area is not

sufficient to explain language sufficient to explain language comprehension problems.comprehension problems.


BrainBrain►Reductionist view of localization?Reductionist view of localization?


BrainBrain►Popular culture has contributed to the Popular culture has contributed to the

common reductionist view of common reductionist view of localizationlocalization

►The modern research on The modern research on localizationdoes not support a localizationdoes not support a strict strict divisiondivision

►Right-BrainedRight-Brained


BrainBrain►Acquiring a second language early in Acquiring a second language early in

life affects brain localizationlife affects brain localization►Neuroplasticity explains the Neuroplasticity explains the

differences.differences. Acquiring two languages on or before age Acquiring two languages on or before age

6 stimulates more and different neural 6 stimulates more and different neural pathways than in children who speak just pathways than in children who speak just one language and in people who acquire a one language and in people who acquire a second language after age 6second language after age 6


BrainBrain►Previous studies showed that the right Previous studies showed that the right

hemisphere was no important in hemisphere was no important in language processinglanguage processing

►Hull and Vaid believed the right brain is Hull and Vaid believed the right brain is importantimportant Studies suggested that while the left Studies suggested that while the left

hemisphere was dominant for language hemisphere was dominant for language processing, the right hemisphere supported processing, the right hemisphere supported the process more than was typically the process more than was typically believedbelieved


BrainBrain

►Meta-analysis?Meta-analysis?


BrainBrain►Meta-analysis – looks for themes in a large Meta-analysis – looks for themes in a large

body of studies on the same topic that use body of studies on the same topic that use different designsdifferent designs Makes sense of a wide range of studies on a Makes sense of a wide range of studies on a

topictopic It organizes hundreds of studies in such a way It organizes hundreds of studies in such a way

to make them comparableto make them comparable Researchers conducting meta-analysis create Researchers conducting meta-analysis create

new data by sorting studies into categoriesnew data by sorting studies into categories Compare the effect size across a wide range of Compare the effect size across a wide range of

studies to create the best generalizationsstudies to create the best generalizations


BrainBrain►Hull & VaidHull & Vaid

Examined 23 studies on a total of 1234 Examined 23 studies on a total of 1234 normal monolingual and bilingual normal monolingual and bilingual participantsparticipants

All studies tested monolinguals and All studies tested monolinguals and bilinguals speaking the same languagesbilinguals speaking the same languages

Aim – to see if and under what conditions Aim – to see if and under what conditions second language experience affected second language experience affected brain developmentbrain development


BrainBrain► Important findings of the meta-analysisImportant findings of the meta-analysis

Early experience appears the key variableEarly experience appears the key variable Monolinguals and bilinguals who acquired their Monolinguals and bilinguals who acquired their

second language after age 6 showed the most second language after age 6 showed the most left hemisphere dominanceleft hemisphere dominance

Early bilinguals were bilateral – the closer in time Early bilinguals were bilateral – the closer in time two languages are acquired, the more similar the two languages are acquired, the more similar the brain localizationbrain localization

There were no significant hemispheric There were no significant hemispheric localization differences between the proficient localization differences between the proficient and non-proficient bilingualsand non-proficient bilinguals

language hull & vaid, 2006 pre-ib. explain one study related to localization of function in the...

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