language functions used in maher zain’s
TRANSCRIPT
LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS USED IN MAHER ZAIN’S
SONGS
A GRADUATING PAPER
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Gaining
the Bachelor Degree in English Literature
By:
FATEEHAH DARAMA
15150071
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ADAB AND CULTURAL SCIENCES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SUNAN KALIJAGA
YOGYAKARTA
2019
v
MOTTO
Don’t be discouraged by things that haven’t been happen
tried yet, and don’t just be desperate for things that haven’t
started yet
vi
DEDICATION
The researcher dedicates this graduating
paper to: My beloved parents, Mareeyoh
and Abduqadir
My older brother and my sister, Hamdan and
Naemah
My younger brother, Fatih
My beloved soul mate Muhammad
Seeyahan
All my friends in English Department especially in chapter
2015
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful
Assalamua’alaikumwr.Wb
Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah who has given blessing, strengthening and
miracle in completing this research entitled Language Functions Uses in Maher
Zain’s songs. As partial fulfillment of the requirements for gaining the bachelor
degree in English Literature. This research would not have been possible without
those who have helped and supported. I would like to express my deep and
sincere thanks to;
1. Beloved mother and father, Mareeyoh and Abdulqadir. Thanks for
their loving, praying, caring, supporting, motivation, hardworking, and
everything.
2. Beloved siblings, my older brother Hamdan, my sister Naemah and my
youngest brother Fatih. Thanks for loving, helping, caring and always
amuse when we are together.
3. My soul mate Muhammad Seeyahan
4. My big family, grandmother, grandfather, aunts, uncles, brothers in
law, nephews, and cousins. Thanks for loving.
5. Dr. H. Akhmad Patah, M.Ag. as the Dean of Faculty of Adab and
Cultural sciences.
6. Dr. Ubaidillah, S.S., M.Hum. as The Head of English Department
7. Dr. Witriani, S.S. M. Hum. As my academic advisor.
8. My research advisor, Mrs. Ening Hernity, M.Hum. who has given me
her best advice, the opportunity to do research and providing
invaluable guidance throughout this research. Thank you so much
9. All lectures in English Department: Fuad Arif Fudiyartanto, S.Pd.
M.Hum., M.Ed, Arif Budiman, S.S., M.A, Danial Hidayatullah, SS.,
M.Hum, Dwi Margo Yuwono, M.Hum., Mrs. Ulyati Retno Sari,
viiiviiiviii
M.Hum., Bambang Hariyanto, S.S., M.A, Aninda Aji Siwi, S.Pd.,
M.Pd. Thanks for giving me the knowledge.
10. My partner during did research, I hope we can reach all of our dreams,
Ameen
11. My Best Friend
12. My KKN’s Friend
13. My friends in English Literature 2015
14. All my Thai friends who always ask me “when will you back”.
15. All my reviewer
16. My beloved Thai friends in Indonesia. Thanks for everything.
Finally, I extremely thank you so much for who have contributed to the success of
this research. Hopefully, this research will be useful for those who interest in
language functions.
Wassalamu’alaikumwr.Wb.
Yogyakartar, March 8, 2019
The researcher
Miss. Fateehah Darama
Student ID 15150071
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ABSTARCT
LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS USED IN MAHER ZAIN’S SONGS
Language is a tool of expressing though, feeling, idea, and so on to
another person. Song is one of many ways that people used to express their mood,
attitude or inform story to other. Human create song for sharing their story
through song lyric whether it is sad or happy. In this era, many of the lyricists
modified song lyrics for spreading their own religion. One of the most popular
religious singer is Maher Zain. This research aims to analyze language functions
uses in Maher Zain’s songs. The researcher chooses to analyze five of his best and
hits songs which were revealed by Allmusic.com. Among of them are “The Way
of Love”, Number One for Me”, Always Be There”, “Ins Sha Allah”, and “Barak
Allahu Lakuma” written and sung by Maher Zain. This research used Roman
Jakobson’s theory. “function of language is refers to things the speaker do with
their language communication”. The method used in this research was descriptive
qualitative and the data was taken from internet. This method used to describe the
data based on Jakobson’s theory. The researcher used observation technique for
collecting data. After analyzing the data, the researcher found 34 stanzas from five
songs and the researcher took 20 stanzas as example. From twenty data there were
one the stanza which is belonging emotive, phatic, referential and conative
function, five data that were using emotive, poetic and referential function, one
data used phatic, referential and emotive function, two data used poetic, conative
and referential function, two data which were used referential and poetic function,
one data used referential and phatic function, two data used emotive and poetic
function, two data used referential and emotive function, one data used conative
and referential function, one data used emotive and conative function, two data
used emotive function and one data used referential function.
Keywords: language function, song lyric, Maher Zains’s song
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ABSTRAK
LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS USED IN MAHER ZAIN’S SONGS
Bahasa adalah alat untuk mengekspresikan, merasakan, ide, dan
sebagainya kepada orang lain. Lagu adalah salah satu dari banyak cara yang
digunakan untuk mengekspresikan suasana hati mereka, sikap atau
menginformasikan cerita kepada orang lain. Manusia menciptakan lagu untuk
berbagi kisah mereka melalui lirik lagu baik itu sedih atau bahagia. Di era ini,
banyakpenulis lirik lagu yang memodifikasi lirik untuk menyebarkan agama
mereka sendiri. Salah satu penulis lirik dan penyanyi lagu religi yang paling
populer adalah Maher Zain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis
penggunaan fungsi bahasa dalam lagu-lagu Maher Zain. Peneliti memilih untuk
menganalisis lima lagu terbaik dan hitsnya yang diungkapkan oleh Allmusic.com.
Di antara mereka adalah "The Way of Love", “Number One for Me", “Always Be
There", "Ins Sha Allah", dan "Barak Allahu Lakuma" yang ditulis dan
dinyanyikan oleh Maher Zain. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Roman Jakobson.
"Fungsi bahasa mengacu pada hal-hal yang dilakukan pembicara dengan
komunikasi bahasanya". Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah
deskriptif kualitatif dan data diambil dari internet. Metode ini digunakan untuk
menggambarkan data berdasarkan teori Jakobson. Peneliti menggunakan teknik
observasi untuk mengumpulkan data. Setelah menganalisis data, peneliti
menemukan 34 bait dari lima lagu dan peneliti mengambil 20 bait sebagai contoh.
Dari dua puluh data terdapat satu bait yang memiliki fungsi emotif, phatic,
referensial dan konatif, lima data menggunakan fungsi emotif, poeti dan
referensial, satu data menggunakan fungsi phatic, referensial dan emotif, dua data
menggunakan puitis, konatif, dan referensial fungsi, dua data yang menggunakan
fungsi referensial dan puitis, satu data menggunakan fungsi referensial dan phatic,
dua data menggunakan fungsi emotif dan puitis, dua data menggunakan fungsi
referensial dan emotif, satu data menggunakan fungsi konatif dan referensial, satu
data menggunakan emotif dan konatif fungsi, dua data menggunakan fungsi
emotif dan satu data menggunakan fungsi referensial.
Kata kunci :Fungsi bahasa, Lirik lagu, Lagu-lagu Maher Zain.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE .................................................................................................. i A
FINAL PROJECT STATEMENT ............................................................... ii
NOTA DINAS ................................................................................................. iii
APPROVAL .................................................................................................. iv
MOTTO .................................................................................................. v
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. vi
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................. vii
DEDICATION ................................................................................................. viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... ix
TABLE CONTENT ......................................................................................... x
CHAPTER I INTRODUNCTION................................................................ 1
1.1 Background of Study .......................................................... 1
1.2 Research Question .............................................................. 7
1.3 Objective of Study .............................................................. 7
1.4 Significant of Study ............................................................ 7
1.4.1 Theoretical Significance .................................................. 7
1.4.2 Practical Significance ...................................................... 8
1.5 Literature Review ............................................................... 8
1.6 Theoretical Approach ......................................................... 11
1.7 Method of Study ................................................................. 13
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1.7.1 Type of Research ............................................................. 13
1.7.2 Data Sources .................................................................... 13
1.7.3 Data Collection Technique .............................................. 13
1.7.4 Data Analysis Technique................................................. 14
1.8 Paper Organization ............................................................. 14
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ..................................... 15
2.1 Language ............................................................................ 15
2.2 Communication .................................................................. 15
2.3 Song Lyric .......................................................................... 17
2.4 Language Functions............................................................ 17
2.4.1 Emotive Function ............................................................ 18
2.4.2 Conative Function ........................................................... 19
2.4.3 Referential Function ........................................................ 19
2.4.4 Phatic Function ................................................................ 20
2.4.5 Poetic Function ................................................................ 20
2.4.6 Metalingual Function....................................................... 20
CHAPTER IIIANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ......................................... 22
3.1 Research finding ................................................................ 22
3.2 Discussion........................................................................... 23
3.3 Analysis of Data ................................................................. 23
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3.3.1 Emotive, Referential, Phatic, Conative and Poetic Function
23
3.3.2 Emotive, Poetic, and Referential Function ...................... 25
3.3.3 Phatic, Referential, and Emotive Function ...................... 31
3.3.4 Poetic, Conative, and Referential Function ..................... 32
3.3.5 Referential and Poetic Function ...................................... 34
3.3.6 Referential and Phatic Function ...................................... 36
3.3.7 Emotive and Poetic Function........................................... 38
3.3.8 Referential and Emotive Function ................................... 39
3.3.9 Conative and Referential Function .................................. 41
3.3.10 Emotive and Conative Function .................................... 42
3.3.11 Emotive Function .......................................................... 43
3.3.12 Referential Function ...................................................... 44
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ............................... 46
4.1 Conclusion .......................................................................... 46
4.2 Suggestion .......................................................................... 47
REFERENCE ................................................................................................. 48
APPENDIXES ................................................................................................ 51
CURRICULUM VITAE ................................................................................ 70
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study
Humans are social creatures who always need company in life. It is agreed
that they should not live alone without anyone to accompany them. Humans
always need others to accommodate their efforts to meet their needs. To cooperate
with each other, they need a means of communication, which is called “language”.
Language is a system of conventional spoken, manual, or written symbols
by means of which humans, as members of a social group and participants in their
culture express themselves. Hence, language cannot be separated from daily
activities. According to Chaer, “Language cannot be separated from the
possibility of changes that can occur anytime” (1995:17). Humans use language to
exchange information in every opportunity.
Humans use language by its functions, such as to exchange information
with each other in various ways, for example talking and writing. Besides
exchanging information, people use language to respond to others. Sometimes
people need to interpret the formal meaning of what is said or written that the
sender of the message intends to achieve with it, and to try to understand its
function. The language functions represent what specific purpose humans do with
the language.
Understanding language function is important for human life in
communication because language has different functions in communication, such
as accepting, recognizing, and understanding. According to Trudgill, “language
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itself consists of some functions which are to give information, deliver message,
express feelings, persuade people, entertain people, and share opinion” (1974: 99).
In other words, language is used by humans for giving information, expressing
feelings, and delivering messages, persuading people, entertaining people, and
sharing opinion. Therefore, the researcher was interested in focusing on language
function.
Regarding the use of language functions, people use language through
many ways, such as writing, speaking, and acting. The important elements of
language use are the sender, the message, and the receiver. When people use
language, sometimes they carry more than one function. The language functions
can be applied in all the uses of language and cannot be separated in
communication.
The foremost purpose of language is communication among people.
Nowadays, in the hand of an artist, the ideas, thoughts, emotions, and hopes are
expressed in literary works, such as songs. Songs can be considered the language
of feelings and a tool to share feelings between human beings. Some people
choose songs to express and share their own feelings because there are plenty of
songs they can relate to how they are feeling. Implicitly, songwriters or singers
produce music not only to entertain, but also to share their feelings with the others
whether they are feeling miserable or cheerful.
Songs are not merely about sound, but also about the lyrics. According to
Abrams, lyrics are “any fairly short poem, uttered by a single speaker, who
expresses a state of mind, thought, and feeling (2009:179). Through the lyrics,
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the readers or listeners will know about the topic or the theme of the song. Song is
a term of music that contains sound and lyrics. It is also one of the forms of
music, which uses language. Every song has its own special arrangement in sound
and lyrics. It is the way to tell something in different ways.
As for the music, the lyrics are the important elements in the song. Lyrics
are also one of the aspects which attract the listeners and make the listeners
understand about the meaning of the song. Through the lyrics, the singers want to
tell the listeners about the songwriter‟s feelings that come from their hearts. There
are songs about sadness, happiness, or love. Sometimes songs can motivate the
listeners. Songs speak to people directly about the singers‟ experiences; they
reassure humans in the moments of trouble. In a song, there are many messages
that want to be conveyed to the listeners by the songwriters.
Furthermore, song lyrics are considered a literary work created to express
a person‟s moods, thoughts, or events that people face in life. There are many
vague words that the songwriters use in music to keep the song in a melody, such
as “ooh” to make the song interesting. However, the writers can use beautiful
words or the advanced vocabulary that sometimes do not explicitly describe the
situation through the songs. In addition, sometimes the songwriters also add the
content about religion they want to disseminate to the listeners through their
songs.
Hence, the researcher defines that lyrics are the communication tool that
has efficacy in explanation feeling such as happy, sad and inwardness to convince
the listener to impressive. With such efficiency lyrics become an important
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element in making the song. For religious song, lyrics are the most important part
and the most careful part because the lyrics should base on the fact in religion.
Based on the explanation above, the researcher concludes that language functions
are very useful in lyrics because language functions can make the listener capture
and understand the message that conveyed through lyrics easily.
In the era of evolution, there are many kinds of songs, including religious
songs, such as “Lord I Need You” which is a Christian song by Matt Maher (Ryan
Dahl, 2013), “Buddha Hai” by Sonu Nigam (Isha, 2013), and “Law Kana Bainan”
an Islamic song from Abdul Rahman Mohammad which was released in 2012,
and many others. There are many singers of religious songs, including Islamic
songs. The current research is mainly focused on religious songs as the main
object so that people who have misunderstood about Islam will deepen their
understanding about the true Islam. One of the most popular singers of Islamic
songs is Maher Zain. Maher Zain becomes popular because most of his songs
represent Islam which has been viewed 100 milion times. This makes him have
more views than another Islamic singer, Sami Yusuf (Youtube.com 10/02/2019).
Maher Zain is a Swedish R&B singer, songwriter & music producer of
Lebanese origin. He has released 2 albums with Awakening Records, Thank You
Allah (2009) and Forgive Me (2012). Maher has worked in New York with
internationally renowned producers RedOne (Akon, Lady Gaga), but he chose
instead to make music that reflects his roots (Maher Zain‟s official website). Mr.
Zain is one of Islamic pop‟s biggest stars that the writer believes everyone knows
who he is. Maher Zain has more than 26 million likes on his Facebook page and
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gets over 100 million views on YouTube a month. His song entitled “For the Rest
of My Life” is an Islamic wedding fixture (Alex Marshall, 2017).
Moreover, Maher Zain claims that his songs convey messages of Allah in
the Guardian newspaper webpage (Shadid, 2011:
https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/dec/15/maher-zain-music-message-of -
Islam). Almost all his songs are about Islam, containing messages about faith,
peace, brotherhood, humanity, respect and love. Maher Zain uses music to
represent his faith. Through his songs, many people can get more information
about Islam because some of his song lyrics are based on the Qur‟an.
Based on the explanation above, it can be said that Maher Zain is one of
the popular singers in Islamic world, particularly in Muslim-majority countries,
such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Morocco and Saudi Arabia. With his meaningful
songs, he aims to inspire, entertain people, and send messages of peace and hope
to the world. All of his songs have social meanings, easy to understand and
present religious songs in English. He writes songs based on reality, his own life
experiences, and facts surrounding him. He has released many songs in another
language besides English. Moreover, Maher Zain also writes motivational quotes
for others on his social media accounts.
Furthermore, Maher Zain won best religious song in 2011 on Nogoum
FM, a major Middle East mainstream music station, beating other prominent
singers, including Sami Yusuf (http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-
24920208 in March 2011). Likewise, Maher Zain’s songs can make the listeners
worry-free as stated in the Aljazeera webpage "After listening to his song, those
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Muslims of all ages, including renowned Islamic scholars who join his concert,
seemed to forget about their worries; they smiled and felt a sense of shared
community spirit” (Shadid, 2013:
https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/11/rise-rise-islamic-music-
20131129111134149630.html).
In addition, Maher Zain’s songs included many religious messages which
described through his lyrics. Besides that, there are many specific words which
are used in Islam such as in sha allah, allahu akbar found in his songs. There are
also meaningless words in his song. Based on them, the researcher try to analyze
language functions used inside his song for knowing the function of those words.
Moreover, the researcher finds the difficulties to understand the meaning in Maher
Zain’s songs because sometimes the meaning of lyrics in his song has specific
knowledge. So language function is necessary for conducting the meaning in his
song.
Moreover, according to Eliyas Pikal state that “Maher Zain‟s songs give
inspiration, motivation and information of the existance of Allah and Prophet
Muhammad, as well as a reminder to the good things about Islam”(Eliyas, 2018
: 80-86). The messages of the lyrics of his songs are expressed indirectly by using
language functions. Regarding the use of language, people used language by its
functions as well as Maher Zain‟s songs do that can influence the listeners. Hence,
the researcher was interested in analyzing the language functions used in Maher
Zain’s songs.
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Furthermore, the analysis Maher Zain’s song lyrics, the theory of language
functions was chosen. The researcher chose this theory because it is an
appropriate theory to point the things clearly what the singers relay to the listeners
besides expressing their feeling. The theory by Roman Jakobson was chosen to
analyze the data. Jakobson stated that there are six functions of language.
As for this research, the researcher focuses on language functions used in
Maher Zain„s songs. The writer selected five of his best songs and most viewed
on YouTube. As for the examples of language functions found in Maher Zain‟s
song entitled “For the Rest of My Life”. Referential, emotive, poetic functions are
applied in this song. In the first line of the song, “I praise Allah for sending me
you my love” contains referential function because this sentence is narrated that
Allah has sent his love to him.
Additionally, in this study, the writer tried to find the functions of
language that are present in Maher Zain‟s songs. The theory of language functions
by Roman Jacobson describes the functions of language in the communication
process. Understanding the functions allows the writer to know what language
functions are used. There are six functions of language in communication process,
which are emotive (expressive), poetic (aesthetic), conative (appellative),
referential (denotative, cognitive), metalingual (glossing), and phatic (1980: 81).
1.2. Research Question
Based on the background of the study, the writer formulated a research
question below and was answered in the next chapter: The problem of the
research is what are the language functions in Maher Zain‟s songs contain.
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1.3. Objective of the Study
The objective of the study is to find out the functions of language that are
present in Maher Zain‟s songs.
1.4. Significance of the Study
the findingn of this research are intended to increase the knowladge of both
the researcher and the reader in terms of differences of language functions.
The researcher hopes this research can contribute to the development of analysis
of language functions with the theory by Roman Jacobson in Maher Zain‟s songs.
Moreover, the finding of this research is expected to be beneficial or referential
for those students who are interested in language functions. By reading this
research, the writer hopes that the readers are able to understand the language
functions.
1.5. Literature Review
This part contains the explanation about previous studies related to the
topic in this study. They were conducted by the students of the English
Department for their undergraduate thesis and in International Journal of the
Language Functions.
The first one is “Language Functions Used in the Clothing Advertisements
in Suave Catalog Magazine” by Riyantono, Setyarini and Nissa (2012). This
article is included in the journal of language teaching and research. In this journal
the researchers endeavored to find out the language functions emerging from the
slogans, headlines, or textbooks of the clothing advertisements taken from suave
catalog magazine. They analyzed using descriptive qualitative method. The result
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showed that the advertisements‟ slogan/headline employed certain language
functions that were used to send messages with different objectives. The
researchers used Roman Jackobson‟s theory. The messages were found to contain
phatic, conative, referential, emotive, and poetic functions.
The second is a scientific journal entitled “An Analysis on Language
Function in Utterances Produced by Carlto Russellin Movie “UP”” by Yunita
(2013) which is scientific journal from Universitas Brawijaya. She analyzed the
language functions found in the movie UP. She found two problems in the
utterances produced by Carl to Russell. This research attempts to answer two
problems, which are: (1) what kinds of language functions are used by Carl
Fredricksen in the dialogues of the movie UP, and (2) how the language functions
help the researcher construct the message in the movie UP. She used qualitative
approach in her study since all data were in the form of words. The type of this
journal was content analysis since it was intended to analyze the content of the
data, which were in the form of movie scripts to find the language functions. In
analyzing the data, she used the theory of Halliday (1992). Based on the result of
the analysis, it was found that there were seven language functions found in the
utterances produced by Carl to Russell in the movie UP. They were
representational, interactional, personal, heuristic and imaginative functions. The
most frequently used was regulatory function which was intended to manage the
behavior of others, to manipulate the person in the environment, which is known
as do as tell you function. Each statement carries its own message based on the
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language functions it has. Therefore, it is important to know the topic being
discussed and the context where the dialogue occurs.
The third study is “Analysis of Language Functions in Children’s
Classroom Discourse” by Yasmin, Yang, Ambrosio, and Ferrer (2015). The study
was published in International Journal of Education and Research. In this study
the researchers aim to identify the various functions of language among children‟s
discourse and how these language functions are used to negotiate meanings in a
social classroom interaction. They used the framework of Kumpulainen & Wray
(1997) to analyze the children‟s discourse. The results show that children‟s
classroom discourse when paying attention leads to learning experiences through
the use of various language functions that determine children‟s purpose in the
negotiation of meaning of their talks.
The fourth is a scientific journal of FIB students entitled “Language
Functions Found in Akbar Zainuddin’s Book” by Puspitasari (2015). In her paper,
the researcher analyzed the functions of language in a book entitled 10 Jalan
Sukses Menghidupkan Prinsip Man Jadda Wajada. Two research problems were
answered by conducting the research: 1) what language functions are used in
Akbar Zainuddin‟s book, and 2) what language functions dominate Akbar
Zainuddin‟s book. The previous study used qualitative approach and Roman
Jakobson‟s theory to analyze the data. The researcher found 5 language functions
used by Akbar Zainuddin: directive, poetic, referential, metalinguistic and
contextual. Functions of language which dominated the usage were referential and
contextual.
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The last one is “Language Functions Found in Mizone Fres’in Television
Commercial” by Supriyono (2015), awhich was scientific journal by FIB students
from Universitas Brawijaya. In this research the researcher conducted a study
about language functions found in Mizone Fres‟in television commercial by using
Hymes and Gumperz‟s theory (1964). This study focused on a problem: what
language functions are found in Mizone Fres‟in television commercial? In his
study the researcher employed qualitative approach in document analysis to
analyze the language functions found in Mizone Fres‟in television commercial by
using Hymes and Gumperz‟s theory. The data were the transcribed utterances
produced by the two store keepers in Mizone Fres‟in television commercials,
Mizone Fres‟in and Mizone Isotonic, which were downloaded from YouTube
website. The study discovered three out of eight functions of language. Those
were directive function, phatic function, and referential function. Referential
function was the most frequently used function since the data were taken from an
advertisement that contained some information related to Mizone Fres‟in product.
Based on the prior journals above, it can be concluded that they are closely
related to the current research. This research and the prior journal articles use the
same theory of language functions by Roman Jakobson. However, this research is
different from some journal articles. The second prior journal article by Yunita
used the theory of Halliday to analyze her data, the third prior journal article by
Ambrosio, et al, used the framework of Kumpulainen & Wray as a theory, and the
fifth prior journal article by Endy employed the theory by Hymes and Gumperz.
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1.6. Theoretical Approach
The researcher focuses on the language functions found in Maher Zain‟s
songs based on the theory presented by Jacobson. There are six functions
according to Roman Jokobson which are referential function, poetic function,
emotive function, conative function, phatic function, and metalingual function.
According to Jakobson, the referential function focuses on the context; the
emotive function, known as expressive function, focuses on the addresser/the
sender. In addition, the conative function is oriented toward the address, while the
poetic function is “a function toward the message focuses on the message for its
own sake”. The phatic function is words for contact, while the metalingual
function is a definition, (1980: 82-86). The six functions of language are
explained as follows:
1. Emotive is the language function used to report attitude or feeling
of the writer.
2. Conative is the language function to attempt someone to do
something or to agree with.
3. Phatic function is performed to attract the audience‟s attention
4. Poetic puts the focus on the message for its own sake. It explores
on the aesthetic features of the language.
5. Referential is used to provide information to the audience/reader
about the context of the spoken/writer expression.
6. Metalingual is used to establish mutual agreement on the code.
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Knowing the language functions of a song, the listeners are able to gain more
motivation, passion or love of the songwriter and the singer delivering through the
song lyrics. Those are functions of language necessary in communication.
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1.7. Method of the Research
1.7.1. Type of Research
The research design of this research was descriptive qualitative research
method. Descriptive research is about narrating people who take part in the study.
This research was also a qualitative one since all the data were in the form of
words. Creswell said that the difference between qualitative research and
quantitative research is framed in terms of using words (qualitative) rather than
numbers (quantitative)” (2014: 32). The use of this method was corresponding to
the aim of this study that is to explain the language functions used Maher Zain‟s
songs.
1.7.2. Data Source
The researcher used primary data and secondary data. The primary data
were the top five of Maher Zain‟s songs in his entire album. The researcher took
the list of his songs from website (www.allmusic.com). The top five of Maher
Zain‟s songs were obtained from www.top50songs.info. On the other hand, the
secondary data were the lyrics of the top five of Maher Zain‟s songs that the
researcher took from www.azlyrics.com.
1.7.3. Data Collection Technique
The researcher employed observation technique for data collection. Firstly,
the researcher searched for Maher Zain‟s songs and the top five of Maher Zain‟s
songs on the Internet. Secondly, the researcher chose the top five of Maher Zain‟s
songs which use English. Thirdly, the researcher tried to identify the theme and
15
the lyrics and attempted to understand more deeply about the structure and the
words which were used in the songs. Lastly, the researcher listed the titles and the
lyrics.
1.7.4. Data Analysis Technique
The researcher collected the data that supported the research. Those data
are coming from top ten of Maher Zain‟s songs. After the data were collected, the
researcher isolating the songs into stanza then, the researcher identified the
language functions present in each stanza in the song. Afterwards, each of
language functions was classified based on Roman Jakobson‟s theory. Then, the
researcher analyzed and described the language functions used in Maher Zain‟s
songs. Finally, the researcher concluded the results of the analysis to answer the
problem statement and made conclusion of the research.
1.8. Paper Organization
The current research consists of four chapters. The first chapter is all about
the introduction of the research. It consists of background of the study, research
question, significances of the study, literature review, theoretical approach,
method of research, and paper organization. The first chapter gives general
information about the research. The second chapter consists of theoretical
background. The third chapter discusses the analysis of the data. The fourth
chapter is the conclusion of the research which shows the results of the analysis
that gives the answer to the problem statement.
48
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
4.1 Conclusion
The researcher mainly focuses on language functions by using one of
communication model, namely “Language Functions used in Maher Zain‟s Song
Lyrics”. The researcher took five songs from Maher Zain‟s best and hits songs
according to Allmusic.com and those songs are “Always be there”, “The Way of
Love”, “Number One for Me”, “Barak Allahu Lakuma”, and “ InsSha Allah”.
After Maher Zain‟s song lyrics were analyzed based on language functions by
Roman Jakobson‟s theory, the researcher found there are a great number of
language functions that appear in each song.
The researcher took 20 stanzas out of 34 stanzas among five songs because
some lyrics have the same language functions or there are repetitions of the same
sentences in the songs. Sometimes there are four, three, or two functions in one
stanza, but there is also only one function present in the stanza. The researcher
found ten combinations in the object of this research and two functions that are
not combined with others.
From twenty data there is one stanza that contains emotive, phatic,
referential and conative functions, five data containing emotive, poetic and
referential functions, one data using phatic, referential and emotive functions, two
data using poetic, conative and referential functions, two data using referential and
poetic functions, one data using referential and phatic functions, two data using
emotive and poetic functions, two data using referential and emotive functions,
49
one data using conative and referential functions, one data using emotive and
conative functions, two data using emotive functions and one data using
referential function.
It can be concluded that there are referential, emotive, poetic, phatic, and
conative functions found in each song. However, only the metalingual function is
not applied in the song lyrics.
4.2 Suggestion
Based on the results of this research, the researcher makes some
suggestions for the readers who are interested in analyzing the language functions
to find more problem statements. The readers can combine between the language
functions used in Maher Zain‟s song lyrics with other artists‟ song lyrics.
Besides song lyrics, the readers can apply the theory (language functions
by Roman Jakobson) to different objects, such as advertisement, poetry, speech,
and others. This research may be imperfect, yet it is hoped to be useful for the
readers who find the prior research related the language function theory by Roman
Jakobson.
50
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Edition. United States: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Andayani, Luh, A. 2013. “An Analysis of Langauge Function Found in English
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Creswell, John W. 2014. Research Design: Pendekatan Kualitative, Kuantitatif,
dan Mixed. Yogyakarta: Pustaka pelajar
Endy Rizky Putri Supriyono. “Language Functions Found in Fres‟ in Television
Commercial” Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FIB. Vol 1, No.2, 2015
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Hallyday, M. A. K. (1978) “Language as Social Semiotic; The Social
Interpretation of Language and Meaning”. London, Edward Arnold:
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Utama Offset.
Holmes, j. (2001). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. (2nd
ed.). London.
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Jakobson R. 1960, Language and Poetics in T. Sebeok, ed., Style in Language,
Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press.
Jakobson R. 1971. Langauge in Reletion to Other Communication System.
Mouton, The Hague
Jakobson. Roman. 1980. The Framework of Language. Michigan: Michigan
Studies in the Humanities.
Leech, Geoffrey. 1974 Semantics: The Study of Meaning, Second Edition. United
States: Penguin Books.
Luneburg, Fred, C. 2010. “Communication: The Process, Barriers, And
Improving Effectiveness”. Schooling Journal, Vol 1, November 1,
2010.
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Lunenburg, Fred, C. 2011. “Network Patterns and Analysis: Underused Source to
Improve Communication Effectiveness”. National Forum of
Educational Administration and Supervision Journal 28 (4), 1-7, 2011.
MC., Eko, Setyarini and N.E, Riyantono, Noberta.2012. “Language Functions
Used in The Clothing Advertisements in Suave Catalog Magazine”
English Education, Vol. 10, No. 1, January 2012: 47-67.
Pikal, Eliyas. 2018. “Pesan Dakwah dalam Lirik lagu-lagu Religi Maher Zain
(Studi Terhadap lagu-lagu Maher Zain)”. Kota: Lampung. Universitas
Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung.
Puspitasari, Widya. “Language Functions Found in Akbar Zainudin‟s Book”
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FIB. Vol 1, No. 5 2013
Risdianto, Faizal. 2016. “Discourse Analysis of A Song Lyric Entitle We Will Not
Go Down” Register journal. Vol 9, No 1(2016).
Rothwell, J.Dan.2004.In the Company of Others an Introduction to
Communication. New York: the McGraw-hill Companies.
Trudgill, Peter. 1974. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction. Great Britain: Penguin
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Yunita, Nanda. “An Analysis of Language Function in Utterances Produced by
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No1, 2013
Dictionary Source
Oxford Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary. (2010). Oxford: Oxford University Press
Internet Source
www.YouTube.com accessed on 10 february 2019
Ins sha Allah, (https://www.azlyric.com/lyrics/maherzain/inshaallah.html )
Always be there (https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/maherzain/alwaysbethere.html)
Number one for me
(https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/maherzain/numberoneforme.html)
The way of love (https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/maherzain/thewayoflove.html )
Baraka Allahu Lakuma
(https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/maherzain/barakaallahulakuma.html)
52
Hebert, Louis. The function of language. Signo. N.p University of Quebec.
Accessed on 14 February 2015. http://www.signosemio.com/jakob
son/functions-of-lang uage.asp/.
Marshall, Alex. (2017, Nov 9).On Tour With an Islamic Pop Star Who Makes
Fans Swoon. Retrieved from
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/09/arts/musia/maher-zain-
tour.html.Accessed on 2018, Oct 30.
Maher Zain.Retrieved from https://www.allmusic.com/artist/maher-zain-
mn0002772562/songs.Accessed on 2018, Oct 30.
Top "Maher Zain" Songs. Retrieved from
http://www.top50songs.info/artist.php?artist=Maher%20Zain.Accessed
on 2018, Oct 30.
Shadid, Omar. (2011, Dec 15) Maher Zain: 'My music is a message of Islam.
Retrieved from
https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/dec/15/maher-zain-music-
massage-of-islam.Accessed on 2018, Oct 30.
Shaded, Omar. (2013, Dec 04) The rise and rise of Islamic Music. Retrieved from
https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/11/rise-rise-islamic-
music-20131129111134149630.html. Accessed on2019, January 31.
The British Broadcasting Corporation. Maher Zain. 2011.
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-24920208 in March 2011.
Accessed on 2019, February 07.
53
APPENDIXES
1. The Way of Love
You are the way the way of love
Chosen to teach us the words of Allah
Mercy and kindness and hope for everyone
Peace be upon you oh Muhammad
You are the light the guide of all life
You're the essence of beauty the best of mankind
Forever you'll be the source of all truth
Peace be upon you Oh Muhammad
You are the light the guide of all life
You're the essence of beauty the best of mankind
Forever you'll be the source of all truth
Peace be upon you Oh Muhammad
Even though I can't see your face
Your presence is always all around me
Your name's on my mind every single day
Peace be upon you oh Muhammad
You are the light the guide of all life
You're the essence of beauty the best of mankind
Forever you'll be the source of all truth
Peace be upon you Oh Muhammad
You are the light the guide of all life
You're the essence of beauty the best of mankind
Forever you'll be the source of all truth
Peace be upon you Oh Muhammad
You are the light the guide of all life
You're the essence of beauty the best of mankind
Forever you'll be the source of all truth
Peace be upon you Oh Muhammad
Maher Zain
54
2. Number One For Me
I was a foolish little child
Crazy things i used to do
And all the pain i put you through
Mama now i'm here for you
For all the times i made you cry
The days i told you lies
Now it's time for you to rise
For all the things you sacrificed
Oh, if i could turn back time rewind
If i could make it undone
I swear that i would
I would make it up to you
Mum i'm all grown up now
It's a brand new day
I'd like to put a smile on your face every day
Mum i'm all grown up now
And it's not too late
I'd like to put a smile on your face every day
And now i finally understand
Your famous line
About the day i'd face in time
'cause now i've got a child of mine
And even though i was so bad
I've learned so much from you
Now i'm trying to do it too
Love my kid the way you do
Oh, if i could turn back time rewind
If i could make it undone
I swear that i would
55
I would make it up to you
Oh, if i could turn back time rewind
If i could make it undone
I swear that i would
I would make it up to you
Mum i'm all grown up now
It's a brand new day
I'd like to put a smile on your face every day
Mum i'm all grown up now
And it's not too late
I'd like to put a smile on your face every day
You know you are the number one for me
You know you are the number one for me
You know you are the number one for me
Oh, oh, number one for me
You know you are the number one for me
You know you are the number one for me
You know you are the number one for me
Oh, oh, number one for me
There's no one in this world that can take your place
Oh, i'm sorry for ever taking you for granted, ooh
I will use every chance i get
To make you smile, whenever i'm around you
Now i will try to love you like you love me
Only god knows how much you mean to me
Oh, if i could turn back time rewind
If i could make it undone
I swear that i would
I would make it up to you
Mum i'm all grown up now
It's a brand new day
I'd like to put a smile on your face every day
Mum i'm all grown up now
56
And it's not too late
I'd like to put a smile on your face every day
Mum i'm all grown up now
It's a brand new day
I'd like to put a smile on your face every day
Mum i'm all grown up now
And it's not too late
I'd like to put a smile on your face every day
The number one for me
The number one for me
The number one for me
Oh, oh, number one for me
3. Always Be There
Allahu Akbar
If you ask me about love*
And what I know about it
My answer would be
It's everything about Allah
The pure love, to our souls
The creator of you and me
The heavens and the whole universe
The one that made us whole and free
The guardian of His true believers
So when the time gets hard
There's no way to turn
As He promised He will always be there
To bless us with His love and His mercy
Cuz as He promised He will always be there
He's always watching us, guiding us
And He knows what's in our little hearts
So when you lose your way
To Allah you should turn
Cuz as He promised He will always be there
57
He brings us out from the darkness into the light
Subhanallah capable of everything
Shouldn't never feel afraid of anything
As long as we follow His guidance all the way
Through our short time we have in this life
Soon it will all be over
And we'll be in His heaven and we'll all be fine
So when the time gets hard
There's no way to turn
As He promised He will always be there
To bless us with His love and His mercy
Cuz as He promised He will always be there
He's always watching us, guiding us
And He knows what's in our little hearts
So when you lose your way
To Allah you should turn
Cuz As He promised He will always be there
Allahu Akbar
So when the time gets hard
There's no way to turn
As He promised He will always be there
To bless us with His love and His mercy
Cuz as He promised He will always be there
He's always watching us, guiding us
And He knows what's in our little hearts
So when you lose your way
To Allah you should turn
Cuz As He promised He will always be there
Allahu Akbar
4. Baraka Allahu Lakuma
Were here on this special day
Our hearts are full of pleasure
58
A day that brings the two of you
Close together
Were gathered here to celebrate
A moment you‟ll always treasure
We ask Allah to make your love
Last forever
Lets raise our hands and make Dua
Like the Prophet taught us
And with one voice
Lets all say, say, say
Baraka Allahu Lakuma wa Baraka alikuma
Wa jamaah baina kuma fee khair.
Barakallah hu lakuma wa baraka alikuma
Wa jamaah baina kuma fii khair.
From now youll share all your chores
Through heart-ship to support each other
Together worshipping Allah
Seeking His pleasure
We pray that He will fill your life
With happiness and blessings
And grants your kids who make your home
Filled with laughter
Lets raise our hands and make Dua
Like the Prophet taught us
And with one voice
Lets all say, say, say
Baraka Allahu Lakuma wa Baraka alikuma
Wa jamaah baina kuma fee khair.
Barakallah hu lakuma wa baraka alikuma
Wa jamaah baina kuma fii khair.
Lets raise our hands and make Dua
Like the Prophet taught us
And with one voice
59
Lets all say, say, say
Barakallahu Lakuma wa Baraka alikuma
5. Insha Allah
Everytime you feel like you cannot go on
You feel so lost
And That you're so alone
All you see is night
And darkness all around
You feel so helpless
You can't see which way to go
Don't despair and never lose hope
Cause Allah is always by your side
In sha' Allah
In sha' Allah you'll find your way
In sha' Allah
In sha' Allah you'll find your way
Every time you commit one more mistake
You feel you can't repent
And that it's way too late
You're so confused, wrong decisions you have made
Haunt your mind and your heart is full of shame
But don't despair and never lose hope
Cause Allah is always by your side
In sha' Allah
In sha' Allah you'll find your way
In sha' Allah
In sha' Allah you'll find your way
Turn to Allah
He's never far away
Put your trust in Him
Raise your hands and pray
60
O Ya Allah
Guide my steps don't let me go astray
You're the only one who can show me the way
Show me the way
In sha' Allah
In sha' Allah we'll find our way
In sha' Allah
In sha' Allah we'll find our way
In sha' Allah
In sha' Allah we'll find our way
In sha' Allah
In sha' Allah we'll find our way
In sha' Allah
In sha' Allah we'll find our way
In sha' Allah
In sha' Allah we'll find our way
61
Song lyric Convey Function
The way of love You are the way
the way of love
someone being the
way of love , word
"the way" can be
guide, repeat word
&
declared someone as
the way of love
Poetic &
referential
function
Chosen to teach us
the words of Allah
refer the duty of the
object
Referential
function
Mercy and
kindness and hope
for everyone
Attitude toward the
object &
characteristic of the
object
Emotive function
& referential
function
You are the light
the guide of all life
showing his ability
that can't see the
object face &
rhyming word
Emotive & poetic
function
You're the essence
of beauty the best
of mankind
showing his ability
that can't see the
object face
Emotive function
Forever you'll be
the source of all
truth
showing his ability
that can't see the
object face &
declared Prophet as
Emotive &
referential
function
62
source of the truth
Even though I can't
see your face
showing his ability
that can't see the
object face & reveal
that their live in
different era
Emotive &
referential
function
Your presence is
always all around
me
Inform that object is
always around him
Referential
function
Your name's on
my mind every
single day
his attitude & feeling
toward Muhammad
inform that he
always think about
Prophet Muhammad
Emotive and
referential
function
peace be upon you
Muhammad
his attitude & feeling
toward Muhammad
praise word which is
used by Muslim
Emotive function
Number one for
me
I was a foolish
little child
Inform his past
Declare his past
Referential
function
Crazy things i used
to do
And all the pain i
put to you through
Mama now i‟m
here for you
Calling his mom
Inform he was there
Phatic and
referential
63
function
For all the things
you sacrificed
Tell story about
what have done by
his mom in the past
Rhyming word
(sacrificed, rewind)
Referential and
poetic function
Oh, if i could turn
back time to
rewind
If i could make it
undone
His wish, his desire Emotive function
I swear that i
would
I would make it up
to you
Mum i‟m all
growth up now
Establish
conversation with
his mom
Inform that he is
growth up
Phatic and
referential
function
It‟s a brand new
day
Inform that it is a
new day
Referential
function
I‟d like to put a
smile on your face
every day
His desire Emotive function
And it‟s not too
late
Information Referential
function
The number one
for me
His feeling toward
object and
information
Emotive and
referential
function
And now i finally
understand
Adverb of
time(context)
Referential
function
Your famous line
About the day i‟d
64
face in time
„cause now i,ve got
a child of mine
Inform that he got a
child
Referential
function
And eventhough i
was so bad
Inform he was bad Referential
function
I‟ve learned so
much from you
-Inform that he has
learned many things
from his mom and
he try to do as his
mom
-Same sound in the
last word
Referential and
poetic function
Now i‟m trying to
do it too
Love my kid the
way you do
You know you are
the number one for
me
-Inform the object is
number one for him
-repeating sentence
Referential
function and
poetic function
You know you are
the number one for
me
Oh, oh number one
for me
-“Oh” making
melody
- inform
Referential
function and
poetic function
There‟s no one in
this world that can
take your place
-His feeling toward
object
-inform that no one
can take her place
Emotive function
and referential
function
Oh, i‟m sorry for
ever taking you
granted, ooh
-“ooh” making
melody
-his apologize to
object
Poetic function
and emotive
function
I will use every His desire Emotive function
65
chance i get
To make you
smile, whenever
i‟m around you
Now i will try to
love you like you
love me
He inform that he try
to love his mom as
she love him
Referential
function
Only god know
how much you
mean to me
-His trust toward
Allah
- inform that only
Allah know how
much his mom mean
to him
Referential
function and
emotive function
Always be there Allahu Akbar His trust, praise
word which was
used by Muslim to
praise Allah
Emotive function
If you ask me
about love
If is an introduction
to make the question
in the song, to
attempt to answer
the expression
forward to Allah
Referential
function and
emotive function And what i know
about it
My answer would
be
An introduction to
answer the question
above, his attitude
toward Allah It‟s everything
about Allah
The pure love, to
our souls
The attitude toward
Allah , the ability of
Allah
Emotive function
and referential
function The creator of you
and me
The heavens and
66
the whole and free
The guardian of
his true believers
So when the time
gets hard
The suggestion to
whom get lost, give
up, inform the
ability, promise of
Allah
Conative function
and referential
function There‟s no way to
turn
As he promise he
will always be
there
To bless us with
his love and his
mercy
He‟s always
watching us,
guiding us
And he knows
what‟s in our little
hearts
So when you lose
your way
To Allah you
should turn
He brings us out
from the darkness
into the light
Inform the ability of
Allah
Referential
function
Subhanallah Attitude, praising
word which was
used by Muslim to
praise Allah
Emotive function
Capable of Inform the ability of Referential
67
everything Allah function
Shouldn‟t never
feel afraid og
anything
suggestion Conative function
As long as we
follow his
guidance all the
way
Suggestion,
encouragement
Conative function
Through our short
time we have in
this life
Inform about life Referential
function
Soon it will all be
over
And we‟ll be in his
heaven and we‟ll
all be fine
Baraka Allahu
Lakuma
We‟re here on this
special day
Inform where are
them
Referential
function
Our hearts are full
of pleasure
Reveal his feeling Emotive function
A day that brings
the two of you
“A day” as a context Referential
function
Close together
We‟re gethered
here to celebrate
Inform the reason Referential
function
A moment you‟ll
always treasuare
Context sentence Referential
function
We ask Allah to Inform that they Referential
68
make your love make DUa, begging
to Allah
function and
emotive function Last forever
Lets raise our
hands and make
dua
Request sentence,
inform that the
Prophet taught Dua
Conative function
and referential
function
Like the Prophet
taught us
And with one
voice
Together
worshipping Allah
Seeking His
pleasure
We pray that he
willl fill your life
With happiness
and blessing
And grants your
kids who make
your home
Filled with
laughter
In sha Allah Everytime you feel
like you cannot go
on
Context sentence,
suggestion
Referential
function and
conative function
You feel so lost
And that you‟re so
alone
All you see is night
And darkness all
69
around
You feel so
helpless
You can‟t see
which way to go
Don‟t despair and
never lose hope
Cause Allah is
always by your
side
In sha Allah His trust Emotive function
In sha Allah ypu‟ll
find your way
Turn to Allah Suggestion and
information
Conative function
and referential
function He‟s never far
away
Put your trust in
him
Raise your hands
and pray
O ya Allah “O” for established
conversation, or start
Dua,
Phatic function
Guide my steps
don‟t let me go
astray
Requesting to Allah Conative
function, emotive
function
You‟re the only
one who can show
me the way
Information about
the ability of Allah,
repetition word
“show me the way”
in two time
Referential
function and
poetic function
Show me the way
70
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name : Miss. Fateehah Darama
Place, Date of Birth : Thailand, October 16, 1994
Address : Village No. 3, Sub-district:
trokbon,
District : Saiburi,
Province : Pattani, Thailand
Email : [email protected]
Phone Number : 09896718703
EDUCATIONS
Kindergarten : Kalapho school(1999-2001)
Primary School : Kalapho school (2002-2007)
Junior High School : Samarddee (2007- 2009)
Senior High School : Rohmaniyah (20010-2012)
University : UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta (2015-2018)