Landscape Functions and People

Bangkok, October 2010

Institutional landscapes

Stakeholders

Stakeholder 1

Stakeholder 1

Stakeholder 1

Stakeholder 1

Stakeholder 1

Stakeholder 1

Stakeholder 1

What binds the stakeholders together?

Institutions

The rules, norms and practices which constitute social relations, by which resources are allocated, tasks and responsibilities are assigned, value is given and power is mobilised.

Institutions are not the rules themselves: Institutions are regularized patterns of behaviour that emerge from underlying structures or sets of rules in use and are maintained by people’s practices

Institutions

Are all organisations institutions?

Institutions

Are all institutions organisations?

Formal rules of the game are also called “hard” institutions

Informal rules of the game are also called “soft” institutions

Hard and soft institutions

Institutions reduce uncertainty by providing structure to everyday life. They are a guide to human interaction

They provide stability to society

Or form the basis for instability...

Institutions

Group work

Identify the institutions (formal, informal) which can be recognised in your landscape, and put them on cards

Four types of institutions shaping society

Institutions overlap

They represent a force field

Institutions are shaped by society

Society also shapes its institutions

If society is affected by external change, the institutions have to change accordingly

if not..... conflict

Institutions

Current organisational model

Network approach

“We are living in a network society” (M. Castells, 2000)

“The power of organising without organisations (Clay Shirky)

State:

Voters/leaders

Order/stability

Rules/laws

Civil society:

Community/group

Justice/prosperity

Social relations

Business:

Owners/clients

Money/profit

Transactions/

contracts

Division in sectors

State:

Voters/leaders

Order/stability

Rules/lawsCivil society:

Community/group

Justice/prosperity

Social relations

Business:

Owners/clients

Money/profit

Transactions/

contracts

Inter-sectoral cooperation

Landscape level planning

Landscape level networks

Revolution doesn't happen when society adopts new technology; it happens when society adopts new behaviours (Clay Shirky)