landscape ecology & ecosystem management photo of the ngorongoro conservation area, tanzania...
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Landscape Ecology & Ecosystem Management
Photo of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania from Wikimedia Commons
The study of the causes & consequences of landscape-level (i.e., intermediate- to large-scale) ecological patterns
Landscape Ecology
Cain, Bowman & Hacker (2014), Fig. 24.5, after Tinker et al. (2003) Landscape Ecology
E.g., Lodgepole pine stand age classes (stand ages since last major fire-disturbance) in Yellowstone National Park
An area in which at least one landscape element is spatially heterogeneous and in which the elements form a
dynamic mosaic of interacting ecosystems
Landscape
Cain, Bowman & Hacker (2014), Fig. 24.5, after Tinker et al. (2003) Landscape Ecology
E.g., Lodgepole pine stand age classes (stand ages since last major fire-disturbance) in Yellowstone National Park
Cain, Bowman & Hacker (2014), Fig. 24.5, after Tinker et al. (2003) Landscape Ecology
E.g., forest stands, bogs, meadows, lakes, streams, etc.
Landscape Elements
E.g., Lodgepole pine stand age classes (stand ages since last major fire-disturbance) in Yellowstone National Park
Cain, Bowman & Hacker (2014), Fig. 24.5, after Tinker et al. (2003) Landscape Ecology
The kinds & relative proportions of elements or patches in a landscape
Landscape Composition
E.g., Lodgepole pine stand age classes (stand ages since last major fire-disturbance) in Yellowstone National Park
Cain, Bowman & Hacker (2014), Fig. 24.5, after Tinker et al. (2003) Landscape Ecology
The physical configuration of landscape elements,e.g., patch size distributions, patch dispersion, patch shapes,
patch connectivity / isolation, etc.
Landscape Structure
E.g., Lodgepole pine stand age classes (stand ages since last major fire-disturbance) in Yellowstone National Park
Cain, Bowman & Hacker (2014), Fig. 24.6, after Turner et al. (2001)
E.g., landscape elements in Yellowstone National Park
Grain – the size of the smallest homogeneous unit;determines resolution
Scale
Cain, Bowman & Hacker (2014), Fig. 24.6, after Turner et al. (2001)
Extent – the area (or time period) encompassed by a study
Scale
E.g., landscape elements in Yellowstone National Park
E.g., Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project(Manaus, Brazil)
Habitat Loss & Fragmentation
Photo of a forest fragment, surrounded by newly created cattle pasture in Brazil
NASA false-color remotely sensed image of the confluence of Río Negro & Río Solimões (Amazon)
E.g., Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project(Manaus, Brazil)
Habitat Loss & Fragmentation
NASA false-color remotely sensed image of BDFFP
E.g., Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project(Manaus, Brazil)
Habitat Loss & Fragmentation
Habitat Loss & Fragmentation
Edge effects – negative effects of a habitat edge
on interior conditions
Cain, Bowman & Hacker (2014), Fig. 24.15
Figure from Laurance et al. (2006) PNAS
Some species can only inhabit the interior or core, and some are
specifically attracted to the edge
Habitat Loss & Fragmentation
Edge effects – negative effects of a habitat edge
on interior conditions
Habitat Loss & Fragmentation
Edge effects – negative effects of a habitat edge
on interior conditions
Cain, Bowman & Hacker (2014), Fig. Analyzing Data 24.1, after Laurance et al. (2002) Conservation Biology
Habitat Loss & Fragmentation
Cain, Bowman & Hacker (2014), Fig. 24.12
Loss & fragmentation of U. S. old-growth forests; note how fragmentation
increases the ratio of edge:core
Design Principles for Protected Areas
Cain, Bowman & Hacker (2014), Fig. 24.17, after Diamond (1975) & Williams et al. (2005)
Design Principles for Protected Areas
Cain, Bowman & Hacker (2014), Fig. 24.19, after Tewksbury et al. (2002) PNAS
Corridors facilitated movement between patches
Corridors facilitated pollination between patches