landscape ecological indicators - application to the ... · [email protected] landscape...
TRANSCRIPT
*Universidade dos Açores/ CIGPT**Instituto Superior Técnico/CESUR
Cadete, J.*, J. Xavier*, I. Ramos**, H. Calado*, J. Porteiro* & A. Medeiros* [email protected]
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND
USE PLAN
“MONITORING SUSTAINABILITY IN THE ALGARVE REGION – TOWARDS
INTEGRATION OF LANDSCAPE AND BIODIVERSITY INDICATORS”
April 4, 2005 - Auditorium CCDR-Algarve
Contents:1- Regional Framing of the Sete Cidades Water Catchment
2- Evolution of the Landscape
2.1- Relevance of the landscape
2.2- Deterioration of the water quality
3- Special Land Use Plan
4- Landscape Monitoring System and Indicators
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
Location : Portugal, Azores Archipelago, São Miguel island
1- Regional Framing of the Sete Cidades Water Catchment
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
Azores Archipelago
It belongs to the municipality of Ponta Delgada, at the west side of the island
Geomorphology: volcanic cavity with a circular form (17,8 km of perimeter)
Area -19km2
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
4 Lakes: Blue Lake, Green Lake, Santiago Lake and Rasa Lake. Thelacustrine area occupies 24% of the watercatchment
The Blue Lake is the biggest water reserve of the archipelago
It is certainly the landscape by which the Azores region is mostknown
2- Evolution of the Landscape
2.1- Relevance of the Landscape
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
19XX
2004
Construction of the present landscape
Main land usesForest, Pasture land
Construction of the bridge:Creates the separation
between the Blue and the Green Lakes
Forestation: •Increases the contrast in the landscape •Intensifies the color of the Green Lake
The intensification of the cattle breeding activity since the second half of the 20th century led to the existence of more pasture land
1950
1960
1950
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORINGSYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
Main characteristics of the landscape:
Blue and Green Lakes
Existence of a population settlement, with about 800 inhabitants
Significant presence of cattle which is the basis for the main economic activity (milk production)
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
Lake ForestUrban area
Pastureland
The segmented character of the pasture land, inserted in a forest matrix of Criptomeria Japonica
The Sete Cidades watercatchment is, therefore, a touristical attraction within the archipelago, contributing strongly for the dynamic of this economic activity
Intensification of the cattle breeding activity
Inputs of fertilizers Increase in the number of heads of cattle
Eutrophication of the lakes
2.2- Deterioration of the water quality
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
The diminution of the transparency, the alteration of the water coloration, and the rapid growth of algae are some of the most visible aspects of the eutrophication process
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
3- Special Land Use Plan (POBHLSC)
The increasing deterioration in the water quality demanded the necessity for the elaboration of a Special Land Use Plan for this area
Plano de Ordenamento da Bacia Hidrográfica da Lagoa das SeteCidades
(POBHLSC)
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
Specific goals of the POBHLSC:
To make the lake viable as a strategic water reserve
Conceive a sustainable management model to fight the eutrophication process
Valorise the lakes while resources, developing the recreative uses and activities
Diversify the local economic basis, promoting new activities and the participation of the local agents/actors
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
The adopted scenario
comprises:
The scenario was evaluated according to several indicators of impact. The water and air quality, biodiversity, noise, natural and built landscape, soil, population, and economic activities were some of the parameters analysed.
Preventive measures 50%
Curative measures 25%
Social and economic compensations
63% of improvement in water quality
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
POBHLSCMain proposals
Significant changes to the land uses in the surroundings of the housing area, namely to biological agriculture, orchards, gardens, forest
Reduce intensification on the corn culture
Diminution of the significance of the “intensive-pastureland” land use
Forestation
Creation of technical structures where it will be given advises to the
local farmers
Incentives for changing the main economic activity (e.g. tourism)
Partial control of the sewage of the Sete Cidades ditch through the divergence of the waters for the discharge tunnel
Environmental monitoring
Plantation of vegetation corridors
Proposals that lead to impacts in the landscape
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
4- Landscape Monitoring System and Indicators
Goal: Assess and determine the landscape dynamics on the watercatchment, supporting its integrated management
Nevertheless, the awareness that the future implementation of the POBHLSC will lead to impacts on the landscape influenced the waythis monitoring system was developed
Importance of assessing the
execution and the efficacy of the plan
Importance ofmonitoring the
landscape
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
it is composed by 2 sub-systems:
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
LANDSCAPE MONITORING SYSTEMFOR SETE CIDADES WATERCATCHMENT
(SMP SETE CIDADES)
LANDSCAPE MONITORING MONITORING THE POBHLSC
- Landscape Management Units Map
- Data:Biophisical characterizationMorphometrical characterizationLand uses
- Landscape indicators- Images of 2004 and simulations of
future landscapes
- POBHLSCFuture land Use Map; Constraints MapRegulationsPrograms/Projects/ActionsGeorreferencing information to thecadastreReport and Monitoring indicators
- Municipal Master Plan (PDM)Future land Use Map; Constraints MapRegulations
- POPPSC- Regulations
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
Main menu of the SMP Sete Cidades:
Data-base, with possibility of being permanently up-to-dated, that allows the user to visualize, to make inquiries and searches in all the graphic and written pieces of the system
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
A variety of biophysical data is available for each landscape management unit:-Soil type
-Biotopes
-Soil carrying capacity
-Slopes
-Altitude
-etc.
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
The users have access to land use information for the landscape management unit previously selected
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
The users have the possibility of consulting the information concerning the landscape indicators
The administrator of the system can add new indicators or more data to the existing ones
LandscapeLandscape MonitoringMonitoring IndicatorsIndicators
The methodology followed for defining the landscape monitoring indicators was structured in three main phases:
systematisation of the landscape indicators which are usually applied to other landscape monitoring systems
discussion about which of that indicators would be adequate to apply to Sete Cidades case-study facing its specificities
Filtration of the indicators that are operational, giving the available data and resources
Adoption of the OCDE (2001) model for organising the landscape indicators
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
Indicators of landscape structure:
Indicators of landscape value:
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
Código Indicador IE.1 Land use IE.2 Rate of Land use transformation IE.3 Patch Density IE.4 Edge Density IE.5 Shannon-Weaver Index IE.6 Core Area Density IE.7 Cultural Features IE.8 Lakes transparency
Código Indicador IV.1 The public valuation of the landscape IV.2 Public cost of maintaining or enhancing the landscape
Indicators of landscape management:
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
Código Indicador IG.1 Strategic objectives of the POBHLSC that have been achieved
(%) IG.2 Specific objectives of the POBHLSC that have been achieved
(%) IG.3 Public-private partnership actions that fit the objectives of the
POBHLSC (%) IG.4 Projects in which the previewed goals are achieved (%) IG.5 Achieved previewed actions in the plan, per item (%) IG.6 Actions/projects of POBHLSC whose costs of execution have
been exceeded, per item and amount (%) IG.7 Annual execution of the financing plan (%) IG.8 Actions/projects of the POBHLSC whose financing agenda was
not fulfilled
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN
Each indicator presents a methodology sheet and a window specifically for the purpose of indicating its evaluation along the time
the monitoring system also allows the visualization of the images taken in 2004, for every landscape management unit previously defined, and the simulations done that clearly demonstrate the changes in the landscape after the implementation of all the plan´s proposals
2004 2015
Example:
LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - APPLICATION TO THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SETE CIDADES SPECIAL LAND USE PLAN