Landscape

design

Landscape design is an independent profession combining nature and

culture.It bridges between landscape architecture – the design of outdoor public areas – and garden design – the art and process of planning and planting gardens and landscapes.

Landscape designers often collaborate with related disciplines, such as architecture and geography, civil engineering or botany.

As design work, landscape design must be practical, aesthetic and environmental sustainable.

Generally factors in designing include:

> Objective qualities – such as climate, topography, lighting, human and vehicular access and circulation.

> Subjective qualities – such as client's needs and preferences, desirable elements to retain on site, spatial development, or artistic focal points for enjoyment.

The aim of landscape design is to create areas that are beautiful and

well functioning.

Landscape design is closely connected to gardening.

Designed gardens are dynamic and not static after construction and planting are completed: in some ways they're “never done”.

Boboli gardens, Florence (Italy)

Giardino all'italiana

(Italian Garden)

Palace of Caserta garden cascades

The Italian garden is a style of garden based on symmetry,

perfect geometry and principle of imposing order over nature.

It was influenced by Roman gardening and Italian Renaissance gardening,

which emerged in the late 15th century at villas in Rome and Florence, inspired by classical ideals of order and beauty.

The Italian garden has been copied by other courts around Europe over

the centuries, and notably has influenced the Jardin à la française – the French garden, but also the English garden.

Villa d'Este, Tivoli (near Rome) – UNESCO world heritage site.

Gardens have been used by the Medici to demonstrate their power and the magnificence they had brought to

their city – eg. Villa castello.

Florence: the Boboli Gardens, behind the Pitti palace, the main seat of the Medici, are some of the first and most familiar formal 16th

century Italian gardens.

The Royal Palace of Caserta (South Italy)

German garden

Park Sanssouci, Potsdam (near Berlin)

The German garden is a style of garden influenced by the English

garden concept. Typical of this kind of park design is clear structure and domestic animals, a necessary component of the garden.

An exemple can be found

near Dessau: the park of the

Luisium Palace.

Set in Potsdam, near Berlin, Sanssouci is the former summer

palace of Frederick the Great, king of Prussia.

It is often counted among the German rivals of Versailles.

The palace and the great park around it have been praised as “a synthesis of the artistic movements of the 18th century in Europe. That

ensemble is a unique example of the architectural creations and landscape design against the backdrop of the intellectual background of monarchic ideas of the state” (UNESCO: Schloesser und Parks von Potsdam-

Sanssouci)

Sanssouci in 1984

Dutch garden

Arcen Castle in winter

The Dutch garden is a style of garden characterized by a dense

atmosphere and an efficient use of space. On an international level, a garden with tulips is easily labeled as a Dutch garden.

A notable example

of Dutch garden can be found in England, at Kensington Palace, the English Royal Residence until the queen Victoria moved to Buckingham Palace.

Set near Lisse, in South Holland, Keukenhof (“Kitchen

garden”) is the world's largest flower garden – approximately 7 million flower bulbs are planted annually in the park.

It is also known as the Garden of Europe.

Keukenhof

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