landasan akademis aerocity

Landasan Teoritis

Konsep Dasar

Peran Aero City / Aerotropolis

Tahapan PengembanganTahapan Pengembangan

Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis

Konsep Rencana Tata Ruang

Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang

Tantangan Pengembangan

Pembiayaan

Konsep Dasar

Definisi

An aerotropolis is an

urban complex whose

Analogous in shape to the

traditional metropolis made up

2Sumber : Aerotropolis: The Way Well Live Next? Interview with John D. Kasarda, ATLANTIS - MAGAZINE BY

POLIS - PLATFORM FOR URBANISM, #22.3 December 2011).

urban complex whose

layout, infrastructure

and economy are

centered on an airport.

traditional metropolis made up

of a central city and its rings of

commuter- heavy suburbs, the

aerotropolis consists of an

airport city core and outlying

corridors and clusters of

aviation-linked businesses and

associated residential

developments.

Jenis Aerotropolis

1. Airport-lead land use planning exercise In the case of these Aerotropoli, an airport owned vast

tracts of land adjacent to its facility or within the fence of its facility. At some point, the Airport

decided that it must create an intelligent development model for its land and facilities in order to

maximize value. Communities in which airports lead their Aerotropolis effort include Dallas- Ft.

Worth, Denver, Huntsville, Indianapolis, Jacksonville, and Tulsa.

2. Chamber of Commerce-lead economic development efforts In an attempt to enhance the

economic competitiveness of the community that they serve, various chambers of

commercehave identified their airport as an economic engine that would benefit from

Aerotropolis coordination. Chambers of Commerce coordinate the Aerotropolis development in

Memphis, Jacksonville, Kansas City, Piedmont Triad, Phoenix-Mesa, and St. Louis.Memphis, Jacksonville, Kansas City, Piedmont Triad, Phoenix-Mesa, and St. Louis.

3. Private carrier hub cities Certain communities are fortunate to be major hubs or headquarters of

private air cargo carriers. These communities experience many spin-off commercial benefitsfrom

the presence of such carriers, though with some external coordination of the Aerotropolisexists.

These communities include Huntsville (Panalpina), Louisville (UPS), and Memphis(FedEx).

4. Traditional port communities Certain communities have traditionally been hubs of

transportation activity, primarily being developed along railroads or waterways.

Thesecommunities have maintained a legacy of transportation employment and activity, and as

such,have attempted to leverage these assets into air cargo development near their airports.

Thesecommunities include Chicago, Detroit, Duluth, Jacksonville, Kansas City, Louisville,

Memphis, and Toledo.

Sumber : Aerotropolis Governance Case Study Analysis, Aerotropolis Governance Comparison and Case Study Analysis, Prepared

by Jim Tarantino, The Gateway to Milwaukee.3

Konsep Dasar

Aerotropolis Schematic

4

Konsep Dasar

Kegiatan di Dalam dan Luar Bandara di Aerotropolis

5

Konsep Dasar

Taoyuan Taiwan version of Airport City Schematic

6

Peran Aero City/Aerotropolis

Gateway to Accelerate Regional Economic Development

7

Peran Aero City/Aerotropolis

Dampak Ekonomi dari Penerbangan Komersial

8Sumber : Looking in all the wrong places? Catalytic effects in the context of product cycle theory.

Stephen J. Appold and John D. Kasarda

Tahapan Pengembangan

9

Faktor Utama Pengembangan Aero City/Aerotropolis

Airport City Success Factors

10Sumber : Sustainable Airport Region, Managing Airport Cities: Benchmark Study 2008, Stephanie Betz


Key Factors That Facilitate Airport-Centric Development

11National Airspace System - Airport-centric Development


Rangkuman Faktor-Faktor Penggerak Perkembangan Aero City

1. Long-haul jet aircraft connecting people, products, and enterprises world-wide.

2. Supply chain processes where parts and components are manufactured in a half-dozen different

countries, assembled in a seventh country and distributed to a multitude of others.

3. The growth of world tourism.

4. Must have it now consumer age.

5. Air cargo was the primary driver.

6. Rapid passenger and cargo growth.

7. New economy products (typically small, light, compact, high value-to-weight parts, components

and assembled products) are increasingly shipped internationally by air in a fast and agile and assembled products) are increasingly shipped internationally by air in a fast and agile

manner.

8. The huge volume of time-critical products (including perishables) such as micro-electronics,

pharmaceuticals, medical devices and aerospace equipment traversing international

boundaries by air annually has resulted in air cargo accounting for approximately 35% of the

value of todays world trade.

9. In order to gain a competitive advantage through the speedy global supply-chain connectivity

that air cargo provides, high-tech manufacturers and other time-critical industries are locating at

sites around or accessible to well-connected airports.

10. As their suppliers and logistics providers co-locate, they drive additional investment and

employment growth in airport regions.

12

Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis Example of Air and Surface Connectivity Benefitting Manufacturing, Repair, and Training

13


Synopsis of Logistics Clusters

14


Kegiatan Terkait Keberadaan Bandara

1. Core aeronautical activities are part of the

technical operation of the airport, directly

supporting the air traffic function.

1. Kegiatan inti

penerbangan.

2. A relation to air-freight or air-passenger

movements, (e.g., logistics and

distribution activities or terminal retail

and hotels). Their competitiveness and/or

business revenues are closely tied to the

scale of air traffic.irport-related activities

2. Kegiatan terkait

dengan bandara

yang berhubungan

dengan pergerakan

penumpang dan

barang.

15

scale of air traffic.irport-related activities

have a direct

barang.

3. Airport-oriented activities choose the

airport area because of the image of the

airport and its typically excellent ground

accessibility. The price of land and

surface connectivity, rather than relation

to air traffic, are key the factors in

determining those activities locating in

the airport area.

3. Kegiatan

berorientasi

bandara.


Rantai Keterkaitan Aktivitas Ekonomi

16


Konsep Struktur Ruang

Analogous in shape to the traditional metropolis made

up of a central city core and its rings of commuter-

heavy suburbs, the aerotropolis consists of an airport-

centred commercial core (airport city) and outlying

corridors and clusters of aviation-linked businesses and

associated residential development.associated residential development.

17


Konsep Pola Ruang

1. The Aerotropolis incorporates aviation-linked business and industrial clusters at and around airports

and along airport access corridors.

2. The aerotropolis has both spatial and functional forms. Its spatial form consists of aviation- oriented

businesses and their associated residential developments which cluster around airports and

outward along connecting transport corridors generating observable physical features. The

functional form consists of a more diffuse airport-integrated economic region whose businesses are

as closely linked to distant suppliers, custom ers, and enterprise partners as they are to those in

their own region.

3. Corporate headquarter functions. The full-range of office services and business support staff of a

traditional corporate complex are available, including meeting rooms, computers and advanced

telecom, secretarial and tech assistance.

4. Retail mall concepts have been merged into passenger terminals. Airport property beyond the

terminal is being developed with hotel and entertainment facilities, conference and exhibition

complexes, shopping centers, office buildings, and logistics and free trade zones. Airports also

frequently offer complementary sets of facilities for airport and airline employees (such as day

care centers and health clinics), as well as commercially serve residents in the local market area.

5. Cluster, rather than strip development, should be encouraged along airport transportation corridors

with sufficient green space between clusters. Residential mixed-use developments for airport area

workers and frequent air travelers should be designed to human scale, encouraging social

interaction and sense of neighborhood. In short, aerotropolis development and smart growth

should go hand-in-hand.

18


Konsep Sistem Transportasi

1. Air cargo hub.

2. Multimodal air logistics hub.

3. Good surface transportation accessibility exists to the airport area.

4. Rapid ground connectivity to much of the region and beyond is

provided by the inter city rail station underneath the complex.

5. Dedicated airport expressway links (aerolanes) and high-speed

airport express trains (aerotrains) should efficiently connect airports

to business and residential clusters, near and far. Special truck-only

lanes should be added to airport expressways, as should improved

interchanges to reduce congestion.

19

Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang

Isu Pengembangan Pola Ruang

1. Isu Kebisingan

2. Isu Keamanan dan Keselamatan

a. Tall Structures (Bangunan Tinggi)

b. Visual Obstructions and Electronic Interference (Gangguan

Pandangan dan Pengaruh Elektronik)

1) Debu1) Debu

2) Silau

3) Pancaran Cahaya

4) Asap, Uap dan Kabut

c. Serangan Burung dan Satwa Liar

20


Hal-Hal Yang Harus Diwaspadai

2

The opportunities or constraints to

aerotropolis roll-out are determined by

natural ecological factors, surface

transportation infrastructure,

ownership of land parcels, labor force

characteristics, and local governance

structures.

1

Aerotropolis has to be more than a

build it and they will come airport

dream. Success rests on market

realities and adequate air service.

21

Ta

n

t

a

n

g

a

n

Lack of alignment between airport, city and regional planning;

Lack of integrated forward-looking spatial planning and joint-agreements;

Lack of coordination between different levels of government and other stakeholders;

Blighted conditions where small-scale older uses have been disenfranchised from

wider improvement coalitions;

Competition, conflict and confusion between local authorities over development

philosophies and planning controls;


Persoalan Terkait Pola Ruang

T

a

n

t

a

n

g

a

philosophies and planning controls;

Equitable financing of infrastructure provision;

Traffic congestion at airports stimulated by airport-related commercial activity;

Uncertainty regarding optimal character of on- and near-airport commercial

development; and

Resistance from high street traders and local municipalities to expansion of retailing

at airports.

22Sumber : The planning of airport regions and National Aviation Policy Issues and challenges in Australia

2008-2009, Robert Freestone and Douglas Baker.

Alternatif Pembiayaan

Tahapan Pengembangan Berdasarkan Sumber Pembiayaan

He advises them on how to achieve the Airport Citys Triple Bottom Line.

The first point is that major airports now receive more of their revenue from

nonaeronautical sources than from aeronautical sources.

Secondly, rapid commercial development at and around major airports

transforms them into leading urban growth generators as airport areas become

significant employment, shopping, and business destinations in their own right.

The airport area finally develops a brand image attracting even non-airport

linked businesses.

Thus, Kasarda is advocating for nothing less than creating whole new airport-

themed urban zones within regions.

Sumber : Aerotropoli, The Logic of Globalization and the Rise of Dr. John Kasarda, By John Patrick Good Globalization

Spaces Final Research Paper December 18, 2007

23


Funding Sources

1. Airport-lead, Airport-funded For those communities whose Airport has taken a lead

role in the creation of an Aerotropolis, those efforts are also primarily, if not entirely,

funded by that Airport. These Aerotropolis communities have benefitted from vast

tracts of available, developable land and the participation of a few real estate

developers. These developers have privately financed large scale communities,

business parks, industrial facilities, and logistics parks where there once was desert

or farmland.

2. Combination of Public and Private sector financial contributions In those

communities where private sector involvement is strong and available land is at a communities where private sector involvement is strong and available land is at a

premium, companies and units ofgovernment have made financial contributions to

the Aerotropolis organization operating in that community.

3. State and Federal grants/tax incentives For a number of Aerotropolis communities,

the ability to offer tax incentives or the award of grant money has been given by the

State or Federal Government.

4. Other omissions include communities with large marine port activities as federal

funding for channel and dock improvements is common among all marine ports.

24

Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN CAPITAL

CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate Development

Opportunities & Challenges


Non-Airline Revenue Target

25

Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS &

HUMAN CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City

Real Estate Development Opportunities &

Challenges


Hierarchy of Airport Participation

26




Challenges


Thinking Like Developers

27




Challenges


Denver International Airport

Public Sector

City and Country of Denver, City of Aurora

Brighton, Commerce City Bennet, Adams County

State of Colorado

Land Owners

I.C. Fulenwider LNR, A&C,

Quasi Governmental

Metro Denver EDC, Commerce City ED, Adams

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Challenges

DIAI.C. Fulenwider LNR, A&C,

Smith The Pauls Corp. Prologis, Oakwood Homes Majestic Realty Corp. et al

End Users

Developers, Investors, Tenants, Customers, et al

Commerce City ED, Adams County ED Front Range Airport, E-470 Highway

Authority DRCOG, RTD, DTP et al


Denvers Economic Clusters

29




Challenges


Airport City Denver & Economic Clusters

30




Challenges


Airport City Denver & Economic Clusters

31




Challenges


Implementation & Governance

32




Challenges


Airport Management/Development Models

33




Challenges

landasan akademis aerocity

Documents

aerotropolis development

kansas city

airport city core

aerotropolis coordination

aerotropolis effort

central city

economic development

air cargo development