land use our urban world forestry management parks, reserves, and wildlands agricultural land use
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Land Use
Our urban worldForestry management
Parks, Reserves, and WildlandsAgricultural land use
Urban environments Created due to industrialization
Require resources from other places
Need natural land nearby for
ecosystem services: water, air, waste escape from stresses of daily urban life preservation for posterity
Urban environments Includes larger and larger percentages of
the population
1850 – included 15% of US citizens1920 – included more than 50% of US citizensNow – includes more than 80% of US citizens
Chicago area population growth
Portland area population growth
Urban Sprawl Why does this happen?
What are the positive and negative aspects of sprawl?
What makes a city livable?
Examples of livable cities Chicago area
Portland area
Forest management Forests provide many resources and
services In US, management practices have
changed over time
Westward expansion Development of resources – forests,
minerals, rangelands
Originally there was no land use planning
Deforestation began to occur
Natural forests, 1620
Natural forests, 1920
Natural forests today
Management strategies Clear cutting vs. selective cutting
Maximum sustainable yield
Ecosystem based management
Adaptive management
Public vs. private land
US Forest Service Gifford Pinchot
Changing mission Timber for nation Multiple use management
Impact of road building
US Forest Service and fires Changing opinions
on management
Total suppression Let it burn Prescribed burns Influence of climate
change
US federal parks and reserves National parks:
Managed by National Park Service monuments, historic sites, wild and scenic
rivers, parks, and recreation areas Too many visitors?
National forests: Managed by US Forest Service Timber harvests Fire suppression
US federal parks and reserves National wildlife refuges:
Managed by US Fish and Wildlife Service Variety of management styles
Preservation (Sevilleta NWR as example) Active manipulation
(Bosque del Apache NWR as example)
Sevilleta Wildlife Refuge, NM
Sevilleta Wildlife Refuge, NM
Bosque del Apache Wildlife Refuge, NM
Bosque del Apache Wildlife Refuge, NM
Wilderness areas Should they exist?
Changing values Resources such as timber, oil, minerals? States rights?
Wilderness Act of 1964 Public lands can be set aside No development allowed
What should parks look like? Many small or one large? Protection of biodiversity Wildlife corridors
What is practical?
Agricultural land use 38% of land world-wide is agriculturally
used 2/3 of this is pasture land 1/3 of this is used for crops
Crop production - feeding the world Industrial agriculture – green revolution
Inorganic fertilizers and synthetic pesticides Fossil fuels Genetically modified crops Monocultures Removal of wetlands
What about sustainable agricultural practices? Soil management Irrigation practices Targeted fertilizer Integrated pest management No-till farming
Livestock grazing ¼ of world land
Sustainable if at low intensity – think about Tragedy of the Commons
Use of public lands
Some additional agricultural issues Feedlot agriculture (factory farming) Aquaculture Organic farming Buy local movement
Making cities livable Planning and zoning Urban growth boundaries Smart growth New urbanism Transit options Parks