PakistanPakistan Site Selection for Case StudySite Selection for Case Study

Sajidin Hussain, GCISCSajidin Hussain, GCISCZakir Hussain, PARCZakir Hussain, PARC

GECAFS Workshop, 14 – 16 March, 2005, DhakaGECAFS Workshop, 14 – 16 March, 2005, Dhaka

Land Use of Pakistan Land Use of Pakistan PunjabPunjab SindSind NWFPNWFP BalochistBalochist

ananPakistanPakistan

Geographical Geographical AreaArea

20.6320.63 14.0914.09 10.1710.17 34.7234.72 79.6179.61

Total Area Total Area ReportedReported

17.3117.31 13.9113.91 8.348.34 18.7718.77 58.2758.27

Forest AreaForest Area 0.480.48 0.590.59 1.271.27 1.081.08 3.463.46

Area not Area not Available for Available for CultivationCultivation

2.972.97 6.166.16 4.064.06 11.211.2 24.424.4

Culturable WasteCulturable Waste 1.781.78 1.511.51 1.111.11 4.764.76 9.069.06

Cultivated AreaCultivated Area 12.0812.08 5.655.65 1.91.9 1.721.7221.3521.35

Irrigated: Irrigated: 1818

Fallow AreaFallow Area 1.161.16 2.712.71 0.40.4 0.950.95 5.225.22

Net Sown AreaNet Sown Area 10.9110.91 2.942.94 1.51.5 0.770.77 16.1316.13

Area Sown More Area Sown More than Oncethan Once

4.284.28 0.920.92 0.520.52 0.000.00 5.675.67

(Million Hectares)

Source: Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan (2002) Av. 1985/86-1999/00

Agro-ecological Zones of PakistanAgro-ecological Zones of Pakistan

N

Two Most Suitable Regions for the Two Most Suitable Regions for the Case Study Case Study

Rechna DoabRechna Doab Chaj DoabChaj Doab

Rice-WheatRice-Wheat

Sugarcane-WheatSugarcane-Wheat

Mostly mixed cropping Mostly mixed cropping patterns patterns

(Wheat, Rice, (Wheat, Rice, Sugarcane, Citrus, and Sugarcane, Citrus, and Some Rainfed CropsSome Rainfed Crops

Rachna Doab

Private tube well density in different districts of Punjab, Pakistan

Source: Qureshi, Shah, and Akhtar (2003)

Ground water quality in Rechna

Source: Qureshi, Turral and Masih (2004)

DistrictDistrict

Total Total Cultivated Cultivated Area (000 Area (000 ha)ha)

Total Total Cropped Cropped Area(000 Area(000 ha)ha)

C.I. C.I. (%)(%)

% Cropped Area % Cropped Area IrrigatedIrrigated

% Wheat % Wheat AreaArea % Rice Area% Rice Area

Sialkot Sialkot 257257 424424 165165 9090 7272 3636

Gujranwala Gujranwala 306306 528528 173173 9898 7171 4444

Sheikhupura Sheikhupura 486486 762762 157157 9696 6161 3232

Narowal Narowal 189189 277277 147147 6161 6666 2727

Hafizabad Hafizabad 189189 308308 163163 100100 7171 3737

Faisalabad Faisalabad 515515 675675 131131 9797 4949 33

Jhang Jhang 692692 907907 131131 9191 5151 99

T. T. Singh T. T. Singh 256256 377377 147147 9393 5757 66

Rechna Rechna Doab (Total)Doab (Total) 28902890 42584258 147147 9292 5959 2222

Land Utilization in RechnaLand Utilization in Rechna

Source: Bureau of Stat., Government of Punjab (2003)

Distribution of Farms by Farm Size in RechnaDistribution of Farms by Farm Size in Rechna

DistrictDistrictPercent Distribution of Farms Percent Distribution of Farms

Small Small (<2ha)(<2ha)

MediumMedium(2 – 5ha)(2 – 5ha)

LargeLarge(>5ha)(>5ha) Total (No.)Total (No.)

Sialkot Sialkot 74.07 74.07 24.67 24.67 1.27 1.27 119369 119369

Gujranwala Gujranwala 48.16 48.16 46.11 46.11 5.72 5.72 86530 86530

Sheikhupura Sheikhupura 50.95 50.95 44.88 44.88 4.17 4.17 149070 149070

Narowal Narowal 68.48 68.48 30.11 30.11 1.41 1.41 87401 87401

Hafizabad Hafizabad 39.91 39.91 53.34 53.34 6.75 6.75 39874 39874

Faisalabad Faisalabad 63.15 63.15 35.57 35.57 1.28 1.28 184377 184377

Jhang Jhang 50.29 50.29 42.52 42.52 7.19 7.19 185671 185671

T. T. Singh T. T. Singh 55.95 55.95 41.21 41.21 2.84 2.84 83556 83556

Rechna Doab Rechna Doab (Total)(Total) 57.5357.53 38.77 38.77 3.71 3.71 935848 935848

Source: Bureau of Stat., Government of Punjab (2003)

DistrictDistrict

Total Total Irrigated Irrigated

Area (000 Area (000 ha)ha)

Surface Surface Water (%)Water (%)

Ground Ground Water (%)Water (%) Conjunctive Use (%)Conjunctive Use (%)

Sialkot Sialkot 380380 11 9595 44

Gujranwala Gujranwala 729729 2525 6767 88

Sheikhupura Sheikhupura 652652 77 77 8686

Narowal Narowal 351351 22 8888 1010

Hafizabad Hafizabad 823823 11 2828 7171

Faisalabad Faisalabad 520520 7474 55 2121

Jhang Jhang 307307 1313 3131 5656

T. T. Singh T. T. Singh 169169 6363 77 3030

Rechna Doab Rechna Doab (Total)(Total) 39313931 2525 3333 4141

Irrigated Area by Source in RachnaIrrigated Area by Source in Rachna

Source: Bureau of Stat., Government of Punjab (2003)

Public and Private Tube wells in Rechna Public and Private Tube wells in Rechna

DistrictDistrict Public Public Private Private Total Total

Sialkot Sialkot 86 86 36075 36075 36161 36161

Gujranwala Gujranwala 40 40 38515 38515 38555 38555

Sheikhupura Sheikhupura 473 473 27323 27323 27796 27796

Narowal Narowal 32 32 21129 21129 21161 21161

Hafizabad Hafizabad 38 38 16939 16939 16967 16967

Faisalabad Faisalabad 114 114 13925 13925 14039 14039

Jhang Jhang 926 926 30548 30548 31474 31474

Toba Tek Singh Toba Tek Singh 163 163 8691 8691 8854 8854

Rechna Doab (Total) Rechna Doab (Total) 1872 1872 193145 193145 195017 195017

Source: PPSGDP (1998)

DistrictDistrict CattleCattle BuffaloBuffalo SheepSheep GoatGoat

Sialkot Sialkot 123123 380380 2828 9999

Gujranwala Gujranwala 140140 645645 6666 9292

Sheikhupura Sheikhupura 263263 683683 101101 290290

Narowal Narowal 136136 251251 2525 124124

Hafizabad Hafizabad 188188 253253 2424 8686

Faisalabad Faisalabad 299299 854854 6666 731731

Jhang Jhang 561561 852852 284284 654654

T. T. Singh T. T. Singh 191191 378378 5757 435435

Rechna Doab Rechna Doab (Total)(Total) 19011901 42964296 651651 25112511

Livestock Population in RechnaLivestock Population in Rechna‘000

Source: Bureau of Stat., Government of Punjab (2003)

Socio-Economic Characteristics of Selected Districts in RechnaSocio-Economic Characteristics of Selected Districts in Rechna

GujranwalaGujranwala SheikhupuraSheikhupura SialkotSialkot

Population Density (per sq Population Density (per sq km) km) 932932 542542 892892

Number of Persons per Number of Persons per HouseholdHousehold 1111 1010 1010

Literacy RatioLiteracy Ratio AllAll 56.656.6 43.843.8 58.958.9

MaleMale 63.663.6 53.353.3 65.965.9

FemaleFemale 48.848.8 33.333.3 51.551.5

Patients Treated in Hospital Patients Treated in Hospital (000)(000) 576576 260260 673673

Registered factoriesRegistered factories 695695 393393 307307

Estimated Employment in Estimated Employment in Factories (000)Factories (000) 2121 7979 1414

Metal Roads (000 km)Metal Roads (000 km) 1.541.54 1.841.84 1.421.42

Source: Bureau of Stat., Government of Punjab (2003)

Chaj Doab

Characteristics of Selected Districts in Chaj DoabCharacteristics of Selected Districts in Chaj Doab

SargodhSargodhaa GujratGujrat JhangJhang

BahawalBahawalnagarnagar

Reported Area (sq km)Reported Area (sq km) 59205920 32103210 88008800 72907290

Population Density (per sq Population Density (per sq km)km) 486486 697697 351351 312312

Cropped Area (000 Ha)Cropped Area (000 Ha) 539539 271271 888888 705705

% irrigated Cropped Area % irrigated Cropped Area 9999 5050 9393 9999

CanalCanal 39.5239.52 11.4411.44 12.0512.05 69.0869.08

TubewellTubewell 9.839.83 30.2630.26 28.6028.60 12.3412.34

Conjunctive Conjunctive (Canal+Tubewell)(Canal+Tubewell) 50.6550.65 58.3058.30 59.3559.35 18.5818.58

Dominant CropsDominant Crops Wheat-Wheat-SugarcanSugarcaneFoddereFodder

CitrusCitrus

SugarcaneSugarcaneWheat, Wheat,

Rainfed Rainfed cropscrops

MixedMixed

Sugarcane Sugarcane Wheat, Wheat, Rice, Rice, CottonCotton

Mixed butMixed but

Cotton-Cotton-wheat is wheat is dominantdominant

Site Selection Options Rechna Vs ChajSite Selection Options Rechna Vs Chaj

Rachna DoabRachna Doab Chaj DoabChaj Doab

GujranwalaGujranwala SargodhaSargodha

SheikhupuraSheikhupura GujratGujrat

SialkotSialkot JhangJhang

Site Selection Options Rechna Vs ChajSite Selection Options Rechna Vs Chaj

CharacteristicsCharacteristics GujranwalaGujranwala SargodhaSargodhaRegionRegion Rechna DoabRechna Doab Chaj DoabChaj Doab

Cropping PatternsCropping Patterns Mainly Rice-WheatMainly Rice-Wheat Mixed CroppingMixed Cropping

Dominantly Sugarcane-Dominantly Sugarcane-WheatWheat

Other Crops: Rice, fodder, Other Crops: Rice, fodder, CitrusCitrus

AccessibilityAccessibility YesYes YesYes

Weather DataWeather Data Met station not availableMet station not available Met station availableMet station available

Agri-statistics dataAgri-statistics data AvailableAvailable AvailableAvailable

Primary DataPrimary Data

Rechna has been Rechna has been intensively studied by intensively studied by IWMI under Salinity IWMI under Salinity Management Project Management Project (Early 90’s).(Early 90’s).

Extensive surveys would Extensive surveys would be required for studying be required for studying food systems under food systems under GECAFS projectGECAFS project

IWMI has carried-out (Pro-IWMI has carried-out (Pro-poor surveys -2001-02)poor surveys -2001-02)

Access to survey data from Access to survey data from IWMI?IWMI?

Survey for only some specific Survey for only some specific aspects might be requiredaspects might be required

If only Water Availability ChangesIf only Water Availability Changes(At baseline CO(At baseline CO22, temperature, and no change in water quantity per irrigation), temperature, and no change in water quantity per irrigation)

3884

2146

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

4 2

Number of Irrigations

Yie

ld (

kg

/ha

)

Baseline Yield

If both Water Availability and Temperature ChangeIf both Water Availability and Temperature Change

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

0 1 2 3 4 5

Change in Temperature (°C)

Yie

ld (

kg

/ha

)

4 Irrigations 2 Irrigations

Baseline Yield

(CO(CO22 Level = 360 ppm) Level = 360 ppm)

If both Water Availability and If both Water Availability and Temperature ChangeTemperature Change

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

0 1 2 3 4 5

Change in Temperature (°C)

Yie

ld (

kg

/ha

)

4 Irrigations 2 Irrigations

Baseline Yield

(CO(CO22 Level = 550 ppm) Level = 550 ppm)