High Level Policy Dialogue on Investment in Agricultural Research for Sustainable Development in the Asia-Pacific Region (At Bangkok during December 8-9, 2015)

Land Resource Inventory of India for Development of Sustainable Agricultural Land Use Plans using Geospatial Techniques – Avenues for Investment

ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning Amravati Road, Nagpur

Dr. S.K.SinghDirector

In India, Investment

Seeds - More input efficient and nutrient- fortified varieties

Water - Enhancing income per unit quantum of water (Water productivity)

Fertilizers (Nutrients) Use Efficiency

Land acquisition, distribution and Watershed development

During green revolution

Food production: 4.5 times – Green Revolution

Horticultural crops: 6 times Fish production: 9 times

Milk production: 6 times

Egg production: 27 times

Accomplishments(Since 1950-51 to 2007-8)

Rainbow revolutionFOOD SECURITY ACT

Degradation (120 out of 325 million hectare )

State of Natural Resources

State of Natural Resources

Land degradation in the cropland (64 of 142 million hectare)

Extent of DegradationSlight: 29%Moderate: 30%Severe: 15%Very severe: <1%

Aerosol concentration increased in the desert of Rajasthan adjoining region

State of Natural Resources

T H A R D E S E R T (West) (East

)

Desert stretches beyond its core area

State of Natural Resources

Multi-Nutrient Deficiency

o Acidity is increasing in the flood plains of Bengalo Sodicity/salinity increases rises in arid and semi arid

regiono Area under Multi-nutrient deficiency is increasing

due to the intensification of agriculture

State of Natural Resources

Increasing extent and severity ofArsenic and fluoride contamination

River Thista carried As Charged alluvia in West Bengal and Bangladesh, spread over on the flanks of rivers Hugli and Padma

Peninsular river like Damodar and Rupnarayan carried F charged alluvia in West Bengal

State of Natural Resources

Degradation in the coastal area

IRS-1B LISS-I 1992

IRS-P6 AWiFS 2005

REPALLE

P = Prawn cultivation

P

KRISHNA R.

P

State of Natural Resources

IRS-1B LISS-I 2005

Excessive mining of ground water

State of Natural Resources

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Per C

apita

Wat

er A

vaila

bilit

y (c

um)

200120252050

Water Sacrcity LineWater Sacrcity LineWater Stress Line

Except Brahmputra Basin, all others are dried out

State of Natural Resources

Under utilized prime land

Large part of prime land is yet to get irrigation, while irrigated area is used for inappropriate proportion of food grains and alternate land uses

Bioclimatic map (1992) Bioclimatic map (2014)

Changing Bioclimatic Regimes

Dry and dry sub-humid areas increased by 30% and 47%, respectively at the expense of moist sub-humid areas .

FOOD GRAIN PRODUCTION (Million Tonnes)

2009-10: 205 Mt ??

Changing research demand

Our future challenges

Social oFood securityoLivelihood security

o Socio-economic development of the people

Ecological o Degradation on the Mountain rangeso Increasing pollution in river o Over exploitation of natural resources

Way forward- Investment o Strengthening farm sector by developing

site specific soil land use models

ICAR-NBSS&LUP initiatives Land Resource Inventory (LRI) on 1:10000 scale

LRI involves systematic surveys of soils ( Agricultural land) on 1:10000 scale and collection of other collateral data needed for scientific land

use planning in GIS environment

Site Specific information on soils and situation specific land use plan

Site specific land use models- Investment

Landscape Ecological Unit

o Degree, length and curvature of slope together with contour and drainage

(IRS LISSS IV, Cartosat DEM, Geo Eye)

Planning for SWC measures, irrigation, water harvesting potentials and precision agriculture

Android based Smart Phone GIS Application for real time field geo-database management

Collecting, storing and transmitting data to the data centre at HQ for processing and map making

A step towards Digital India

Linking 1:250000 scale data with the data of 1:10000 using DEM of 10 M resolution- Part of Goa

Land Management Unit

Correlation (HQ & Head RC)

o Correlating soil series for National Register,

o classifying the soils (International System of Soil Classification and

o Expected to work on developing Indian System of Soil Classification

consists of Particle size class, soil depth class, slope class, surface texture, erosion, gravelliness, salinity, sodicity, acidity

Dedicated Geo-portal Bhumi on SoilsModule 1 Module 3

Polygon based moduleAdministrationSoil resource map on 1:250, 000 scaleSoil resource map on 1:50,000 scaleSoil resource map on 1:4 to 10,000 scaleGeology of the state/regionPhysiography

Raster based moduleGround and surface water prospects and irrigation potentialsClimatic history punctuated with rainfall pattern and drought frequencyLand use dynamicsPeriodic RS data

Module 2 Module 4Point data based moduleGrid points collected during SRMTypifying pedons Grids and typifying pedons of subsequent surveysClimatic variant Ground water status and quality from prominent locationsLand use and yield dataAgro-technology - management and yield of demonstration plots and research farms

Other dataHuman and livestock profileLand use requirementMarket demand and trends Non-spatial data based module

Polygon, point and raster based resource information system

A.K.Singh and S.K.Singh (2011)- Keynote address in Regional meeting on strategies for arresting land degradation in south Asia

Dedicated Geoportal on Soils

Adding soil fertility attributes in the database

Linking land resource information with socio-economic profile

A STEP TOWARDSDIGITAL INDIA

Component A

Component- B. developing management practices for different soil- land use model

Component C: Estimates - Water Harvesting and runoff Potential and irrigation management for different soil- land use models

(Part of Indravelle mandal, Adilabad district, Telangana)

Component D: Integration for Land Use Planning

LMU - K1Bse2 - Very shallow, well drained, strong brown, loamy soils with sandy surface and moderate erosion

Short Term Planning Medium and long term planning• Jowar, small millets, horse gram, green gram, black

gram, and cotton, maize• Agri-horti system comprising custered apple, amla, jamun

and ber • Boundary plantation with Gliricidia. • Water harvesting farm ponds.

LMU - Cv4Ble1- Very deep, moderately well drained, very dark gray, clayey soils with loam surface with slight erosion

Short Term Planning Medium and long term planning• Cotton, maize, paddy, sunflower, red gram, jowar,

Maize/sunflower (short duration)-gram, • Cotton+red gram, millets, cowpea, green gram,

black gram - vegetables like coriander, cluster bean, Pumpkin, tomato, chilli,

• Agri-Horti System (Banana, mango, guava with drip). • Agri-horti-pasture system (C.ciliaris, Stylo, Bracharia• Water harvesting farm ponds

LMU - C3Ble2 - Moderately deep, well drained, yellowish red, clayey soils with strong brown, loamy surface with moderate erosion

Short Term Planning Medium and long term planning• Maize, cotton, sunflower, red gram, jowar,

Maize/sunflower (short duration)-gram, millets, paddy as aerobic rice cultivation, cowpea, green gram, black gram and vegetables like coriander, cluster bean, Pumpkin

• Agri-horti-pasture system (C.ciliaris, Stylo, Bracharia on bunds,

• Mango, guava, custard apple, amla, jamun, ber and suitable MPTs

• SWC measures and water harvesting farm ponds needs to be created.

Soil Suggested cropsMarginal Small Semi-medium Medium Large

bB1g2 Horse gram (2.13), Sorghum (0.9), Coconut (0.65)

Coconut (2.18), Horse gram (1.72), Sorghum (1.34), Horse gram (2.47), Sorghum (1.17), Cotton (0.45)

Horse gram (3.66), Mulberry (3.51), Banana (1.34), Sorghum (1.26), Coconut (1.07), Tomato (1.07)

Banana (4.6), Beans (3.03), Tomato (1.79), Watermelon (1.65), Horse gram (1.42), Sorghum (1.03), Cotton (0.9), Coconut (0.31)

bB2g2 Mulberry (2.71), Tomato (2.0), Horse gram (1.98), Chilli (1.63), Sorghum (0.63), Coconut (0.6)

Chilli (4.17), Tomato (3.35), Horse gram (0.86), Cotton (0.44), Sorghum (0.33)

Coconut (1.46), Sorghum (0.85)

Coconut (4.92), Tomato (2.13), Watermelon (1.75)

cB1g2 Cotton (0.83) Horse gram (1.09), Castor (0.65), Sorghum (0.63)

Sorghum (1.04) Coconut (3.25), Castor (3.03), Tomato (2.02), Watermelon (1.61)

hB1g1 Coconut (3.09), Tomato (1.8)

Sorghum (1.54), Chilli (1.5), Horse gram (1.45), Tomato (0.83)

Horse gram (2.15), Sorghum (0.95), Coconut (0.32)

Horse gram (1.81), Cotton (1.27), Sorghum (0.75)

hB2g1 Coconut (2.25) Coconut (0.93)

iB1g1 Mulberry (3.35), Tomato (2.74), Chilli (2.0), Sorghum (1.73), Horse gram (1.71), Coconut (1.47)

Sorghum (1.36), Coconut (0.99)

Alternate land use options depending on Benefit : Cost ratio

S.No. Description of the items Cost (Rs. in lakhs)

1. Laboratory/ field equipments and lab facilities 9204.59

2. Geographical Information System 4586.25

3. Contingencies for Field Work 86741.99

4. Others 15725.00

5. Development of Geo-portal on soils 5000.00

Total - A 121257.03

6. Unforeseen expenses @5% of the cost (B) 6062.85

Total A + B

127319.88

Budget requirement for Land Resource Inventory (LRI ) Project of India

Per hectare expenditure - Rs. 120/- (Approximately 2 US Dollars)

LMU3- paddy-pulses/ vegetable with farm pond

Developing Site specific Soil-land use plan (Bali island, Block Gosaba, Coastal Region West Bengal)

LMU1- paddy-pulses/ vegetables with furrow and ridge system of cultivation

SHOWCASING OF SUGGESTED LAND USE PLAN (MOKAMBERIA BASANTI BLOCK, COASTAL REGION, WEST BENGAL)

Farm size

Income Total man days created

Before management

After Management

0.20 ha Rs. 2300 Rs.34400.00 285

0.266 ha Rs. 3100 Rs. 47800.00 405

0.39 ha Rs. 4500 Rs. 68900,00 600

Reduced soil degradation, increased employment for the landless and improved social status of the farmers

Up-scaling of site-specific soil-land use plan in the benchmark sites of National Land use Planning

Paddy in kharif season

Mustard in Rabi season

Cabbage in Rabi season

Potato in Rabi season

Life saving irrigation, paddy-mustard, Paddy-vegetable cropping sequences on the soils of Bhomoraguri series

Bhomoraguri Mising Gaon

village, Jorhat, Assam

Showcasing of suggested land use plan - Flood plains of the Brahmaputra river, Assam

(Creating job for landless)

Cotton crop before interventions

Life saving irrigation together with soil

conservation measures and varieties of Banana,

Cotton and finger millet on soil series of H.D.Kote

Showcasing of suggested land use plan- Mysore Plateau, Karnataka

Banana, Cotton, and finger millet crops after

interventions

Cropping sequence options using Community Nursery in Maharashtra

Kharif RabiAgricultural Land

Community Land

Paddy

Gram

Paddy

Paddy

Onion

Linseed

Success story : Smt. Kalpana Rupchand Dongre in Goregoan cluster by adopting Paddy-Gram and Paddy linseed cropping sequence.

Showcasing of suggested land use plan – Vidarbha Region, Maharashtra

Fish farming

Vegetables and watermelon etc.

Soil

Water

Weather

Agro-techniq

uesPeople

LRI with geospatial technique

Evergreen

Revolution

Thanks