lan and wan design: putting it all together
TRANSCRIPT
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LAN and WAN Design:Putting It All Together
Chapter 11
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Learning ObjectivesDiscuss general LAN and WAN design issues that include using structured wiring and structured networking
Describe and implement LAN design principles
Explain and implement WAN design principles
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General LAN and WAN Design Issues
Factors that affect design
Analyzing existing topology and resources
Network management
Cable installation and replacement
Structured wiring
Vertical wiring and structured networking
Full-duplex communications
Bridge, router, and hub design issues
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Factors That Affect a LAN or WAN Design
Anticipated network traffic
Redundancy requirements
User movement
Accommodating for future growth
Security considerations
WAN connectivity
LAN and WAN costs
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Designing for Redundancy
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Analyzing Existing Topology and Resources
Inspect cable plant
Compile bandwidth utilization baseline data
Audit resources
Review traffic
Perform network capacity management
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Network ManagementDirectly related to network design and topology; some topologies are easier to manage than others
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Cable Installation and Replacement
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Limitations of Thinnet/Thicknet Cable Plants
Cannot meet high bandwidth requirements
Expensive to maintain and troubleshoot
Difficult to expand
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Cable Replacement FactorsReplacement of legacy cable
Cable and connector costs
Installation costs
Environmental requirements
Extra cable requirements
Creation or redesign of wiring closet locations
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Guidelines for Installing CableUse structured wiring and structured networking principlesMeet or exceed maximum bandwidth requiredInstall Category 5 or better UTP cable horizontally to desktopInstall multimode fiber-optic riser cable between floorsFollow IEEE specs for cable run distances
Single-mode fiber-optic cable for long runs
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Guidelines for Installing CableInstall 802.11 wireless options where appropriateInstall star-based cable plantsInstall only high-quality cableFollow all building codesDo not exceed 25 pounds of force when pulling twisted-pair cableFollow rules for cable bend radius
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Guidelines for Installing CableLeave extra cable at endpoints
Use a qualified contractor, if desired
Adhere to IEEE specs for cable and installation
Label cable following EIA/TIA-606 standard
Ground cable plants
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Structured WiringCable fans out in horizontal star fashion from centralized chassis switch(es) or hub(s) located in telecommunications rooms or wiring closets
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Structured Wiring Requirements
Flexible cabling, eg, twisted-pairWiring nodes into physical starAdherence to EIA/TIA-568-A / EIA/TIA-568-B standards for horizontal wiringCentralized cable plant in chassis hubs or switchesBuilt-in intelligence for chassis hubs or switches
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Structured Wiring Requirements
Ability to isolate hosts/servers on own cable segment
Ability to provide high-speed links to network devices
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Vertical WiringCabling and network equipment used between floors
Physically links telecommunications room(s) on one floor to adjoining floors
Ties horizontal cable on each floor into logical backbone
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Principles of Vertical WiringDeploy extended star topology between devices
Use high-speed cable to reduce congestion and because it is not susceptible to EMI and RFI
Follow EIA/TIA-568-A / EIA/TIA-568-B standards for vertical or backbone cabling
Use riser rated cable for cable runs through cable ports or vertical shafts
Install fire-stop material
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Structured NetworkingUse of solid horizontal and vertical wiring design that enables centralizing a network at strategic points
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Administrative Capabilities of Structured Networks
Centralize or distribute network management
Incorporate vertical and horizontal network design using high-speed communications on the backbone (fat pipes)
Reconfigure network physically and logically
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Administrative Capabilities of Structured Networks
Segment network according to workgroup patterns, using VLANs
Add redundancy
Quickly expand network and introduce new high-speed network options
Proactively monitor and diagnose problems for quick resolution
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Using Full-Duplex Communications
Ability to send and receive simultaneouslyUse in areas of network with high-speed linksEliminates collisionsIncreases network throughput and reduces number of lost framesMost switches employ one of two types of flow control
JammingBuffering
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Bridge, Router, and Hub Design Issues
Bridges and routers Design flexibilityHigh-speed networking optionsRedundancy
HubsCentralize network management and troubleshootingReproduce network traffic on all segments
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Advantages of RFIs and RFPsHelp organizations clearly define needs
Provide vendors with understanding of the organization
Enable vendors to show how they would address those needs
Provide basis for contract negotiation
Supply guidelines for installation process
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LAN Design PrinciplesReplace legacy hubs with switchesReplace older switches that do not offer SNMP compatibility with newer ones that have itConnect high-speed workstations to switchesConnect servers to high-speed switched portsConnect integrated or workgroup area switches to high-speed switchesConnect major department segments or high-speed switches to routers
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Walking Through a Design
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Locating Hosts and ServersIn centralized host or server farms
Saves money
High traffic
In different locations throughout the networkReduces network traffic
Provides securityFlexibility if disaster destroys one location
Can have redundant hosts at different locations
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Connecting Hosts and Servers
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Building in Redundancy
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Interspersed Hosts and Servers
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Designing for Multimedia Applications
Often include increased bandwidth
Often include implementation of Internet Group Management Protocol
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Wireless LAN Network Designs
Peer-to-peer
Multiple-cell
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Peer-to-Peer Design
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Maintenance andSupport Issues
Constant process
To reduce maintenance, develop schemes to replace aging devices before they become a maintenance problem
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WAN Design PrinciplesDevices required at local site to accomplish WAN connectivity
Routers
Access servers
Modems
Specialized adapters
Multiplexers
Wireless, microwave, and satellite devices
ATM WAN access switches
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Configuring LAN Topology for WAN Connectivity
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WAN Connectivity Using a Router
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Wireless MANs and WANsWireless MAN options
Wireless bridgeProprietary infrared designProprietary radio wave optionsTerrestrial microwave
Wireless WAN optionsGeosynchronous satellitesLEO satellites
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WAN Provider TopologiesEstablished by WAN service provider
Selection depends on:Bandwidth required
Budget
Speed and type of interfaces on the LAN
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Price StructureRanges from unlimited usage to limited usage billed per minuteCost-related elements
Monthly service chargesLAN connectivity equipmentUser training and supportNetwork staff trainingNetwork support and troubleshootingLost work time when a connection is downPeriodic equipment upgrade costs
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Bandwidth ConsiderationsChoice of service provider depends on:
Amount of bandwidth needed
Service level agreement (SLA) offered by provider
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Vendor and Customer Equipment
Equipment varies according to size of vendor
Equipment should be at more than one location
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Chapter SummaryGeneral LAN design principles
Accommodating for growth and security
Implementing the cable plant
Using structured wiring and structured networking techniques
Using full-duplex communications
Designing around switches and routers
Creating requests for information and requests for proposals
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Chapter SummarySpecific LAN design principles
Where to locate hosts and servers
How to design for multimedia applications
Wireless LAN designs and maintenance and support issues
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Chapter SummaryWAN design principles
Wireless MAN and WAN designs
WAN provider topologies
Price structure
Bandwidth
Equipment issues