LAME LAME COWSCOWSFactors Affecting ClimateFactors Affecting Climate

L = LatitudeL = Latitude The closer you get to the The closer you get to the equatorequator, the , the

hotter it getshotter it gets

==

Low Latitude = high TempMiddle Latitudes= seasonal temperatureHigher latitudes= lower temperature

Gee it's hotin Brazil! The

tropics always get my direct

rays!

Tilt of the earth Tilt of the earth creates the Seasonscreates the Seasons

June 21, Summer Solstice

A = Air MassA = Air Mass Polar air moves towards tropics, Polar air moves towards tropics,

tropics move to polestropics move to poles When two air masses meet= wind, When two air masses meet= wind,

storms, frontsstorms, fronts

M = Mountain M = Mountain BarrierBarrierthe Orographic Effectthe Orographic Effect

• Blocks air & moistureBlocks air & moisture

windwardwindward leewardleewardLeeward SideRain Shadow

Let’s draw this!

Windward side of the Cascades Leeward side of the Cascades

Rain Shadow

E = ElevationE = Elevation The higher you go, the colder and drier it The higher you go, the colder and drier it

getsgets Temperature drops 3.5 degrees per 1,000 Temperature drops 3.5 degrees per 1,000

feet increase!feet increase!75 °at bottom

-28°

47° temp at top

3.5° (from formula

x 8 (mt. highth)

28°

C = Continental Location-C = Continental Location-ContinentatlityContinentatlity

Location : Center of Location : Center of continent. Not continent. Not influenced by influenced by proximity to water.proximity to water.

Water and land heat Water and land heat and cool at different and cool at different rates which affects rates which affects temperature and temperature and

precipitationprecipitation..

When a place is completely When a place is completely surrounded bysurrounded by

land. (landlocked) and away land. (landlocked) and away from water!from water!

St. Louis is hotter than Houston St. Louis is hotter than Houston in the Summerin the Summer

ExperimentExperiment: Bucket of sand vs. : Bucket of sand vs. a bucket of water. Which one a bucket of water. Which one will heat up quicker and will will heat up quicker and will have a higher temperature? have a higher temperature?

O = Ocean CurrentsO = Ocean Currents

Gulf Gulf StreamStream

• Warm water moves away from the equatorWarm water moves away from the equator

Cold water moves away from the polesCold water moves away from the poles

North Atlantic Drift

W = Winds – W = Winds – pressure and pressure and prevailing windsprevailing winds

High pressure is heavy, cold airHigh pressure is heavy, cold air Low pressure is light, warm air.Low pressure is light, warm air. Heat rises- cool falls Heat rises- cool falls convection!!convection!! Prevailing winds- consistent pressures and Prevailing winds- consistent pressures and

windswinds

S = StormsS = Storms When air masses hit they create storms.When air masses hit they create storms. The type of storm depends on the type of The type of storm depends on the type of

air mass.air mass. Tornadoes - Fujita-Pearson scale- Tornadoes - Fujita-Pearson scale-

F0= 40-70mph F5= around 300mphF0= 40-70mph F5= around 300mph

SS- - StormsStorms. . Seasonal storms will greatly Seasonal storms will greatly influence the climate of a place.influence the climate of a place.HurricanesHurricanes- Atlantic O, Gulf of Mexico- Atlantic O, Gulf of MexicoTyphoonsTyphoons- Pacific O.- Pacific O.CyclonesCyclones- Indian O.- Indian O.MonsoonsMonsoons- the seasonal shift in winds that - the seasonal shift in winds that affect South Asia.affect South Asia.

Arid Climate

Using your Using your textbook what textbook what

factors contribute factors contribute to the cities to the cities

below? below?

Using your Using your textbook what textbook what

factors contribute factors contribute to the cities to the cities

below? below? Fargo, North DakotaFargo, North Dakota Paris, FranceParis, France Calcutta, IndiaCalcutta, India Santiago, ChileSantiago, Chile Canberra, AustraliaCanberra, Australia