la?kh;

la?kh; <kapk vkSj Hkkjrh; jktuhfr

foÙkh; la?kokn o LFkkuh; 'kklu,e , mEeu

fo'ks"k vkys[k mnh;eku cktkj vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; laLFkk,a

vkyksd 'khy

fo'ks"k vkys[k mnh;eku cktkj vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; laLFkk,a

vkyksd 'khy

iQksdlfMftVy bafM;k dk;ZØe% yksd iz'kklu lq/kj dh ,d igy

;ksxs'k ds f}osnhu`isUnz ih jk.kk

,aVksful lh flfefUVjlcfurk yky

iQksdl

;ksxs'k ds f}osnhu`isUnz ih jk.kk

,aVksful lh flfefUVjlcfurk yky

fMftVy bafM;k dk;ZØe% yksd iz'kklu lq/kj dh ,d igy

fofo/rk dk mRlo%Hkkjr dh liQyrk dh daqthvk'k ukjk;.k jk;

Hkkjrh; la?kokn dh LFkkiuk o fodkl% lh[ks&vulh[ks lcd cyohj vjksM+k

iQjojh 2015 fodkl dks lefiZr ekfld ` 10

YH-313/2014

;kstuk] iQjojh 2015 3

o"kZ 59 � vad 2 � iQjojh 2015 � ek?k&iQkYxqu] 'kd laor 1936 � oqQy i"B 68

bl vad esaizèkku laikndjkts'k oqQekj >k

laikndt; flag

½rs'k ikBd

laikndh; dk;kZy;648] lwpuk Hkou] lhthvks ifjlj]yks/h jksM] u;h fnYyh&110 003nwjHkk"k% 24362971] 24366509bZesy% [email protected]

osclkbV% www.yojana.gov.in

www.publicationsdivision.nic.inhttp://www.facebook.com/yojanahindi

la;qDr funs'kd (mRiknu)oh- osQ- eh.kk

O;kikj O;oLFkkid (izlkj ,oa foKkiu)lw;Zdkar 'kekZ

nwjHkk"k% 26100207iQSDl% 26175516

bZesy% [email protected]

vkoj.k% th- ih- èkksis

;kstuk fganh osQ vfrfjDr vlfe;k] ckaXyk] vaxzsth] xqtjkrh] dUuM+] ey;kye] ejkBh] mfM+;k] iatkch] rsyqxq rFkk mnwZ Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkhizdkf'kr dh tkrh gSA if=kdk eaxokus gsrq] u;h lnL;rk] uohdj.k] iqjkus vadkas dh izkfIr ,oa ,tsalh vkfn osQ fy, euhvkMZj@fMekaMMªkÝV@iksLVy vkMZj vij egkfuns'kd] izdk'ku foHkkx* osQ uke ls cuok dj fuEu irs ij HkstsaA O;kikj O;oLFkkid (izlkj ,oa foKkiu)]izdk'ku foHkkx] iwohZ [kaM IV, ry VII, vkj- osQ- iqje] u;h fnYyh&66 nwjHkk"k% 26100207] 26105590

lnL; cuus vFkok if=kdk eaxkus osQ fy, vki gekjs fuEufyf[kr fcØh osaQnzksa ij Hkh laidZ dj ldrs gSa% lwpuk Hkou] lhthvks dkWEIysDl] yks/h jksM]u;h fnYyh&110003 (nwjHkk"k% 24367260] 5610)] gky la] 196] iqjkuk lfpoky;] fnYyh&110054 (nwjHkk"k% 23890205) *701] lh& foax] lkrohaeafty] osaQnzh; lnu] csykiqj] uoh eqacbZ&400614 (nwjHkk"k% 27570686) *8] ,lIykusM] bZLV] dksydkrk&700069 (nwjHkk"k% 22488030)] *^,* foax]jktkth Hkou] caly uxj] psUubZ&600090 (nwjHkk"k% 24917673) *izsl jksM u;h xouZesaV izsl osQ fudV] fr#vuariqje&695001 (nwjHkk"k% 2330650)*CykWd la&4] igyk ry] xgdYi] ,eth jksM] ukeiYyh] gSnjkckn&500001 (nwjHkk"k% 24605383) *iQLVZ Ýyksj] ^,iQ* foax] osaQnzh; lnu] dksjkeaxyk]caxyq#&560034 (nwjHkk"k% 25537244) *fcgkj jkT; dksvkWijsfVo cSad Hkou] v'kksd jktiFk] iVuk&800004 (nwjHkk"k% 2683407) *gkWy la&1]nwljk ry] osaQnzh; Hkou] lsDVj&,p] vyhxat] y[kuÅ&226024 (nwjHkk"k% 2225455) *vafcdk dkWEIysDl] iQLVZ Ýyksj vgenkckn&380007(nwjHkk"k% 26588669) osQ- osQ- ch- jksM] u;h dkWyksuh] deku la[;k&7] psuhoqQVh] xqokgkVh&781003 (nwjHkk"k% 2665090)

pans dh njsa% okf"kZd% ` 100 f}okf"kZd% ` 180] =kSokf"kZd% ` 250] fons'kksa esa okf"kZd njsa% iM+kslh ns'k% ` 530] ;wjksih; ,oa vU; ns'k% ` 730

;kstuk dk y{; ns'k osQ vkfFkZd fodkl ls lacafèkr eqn~nksa dk ljdkjh uhfr;ksa osQ O;kid lanHkZ esa xgjkbZ ls fo'ys"k.k dj bu ij foe'kZosQ fy, ,d thoar eap miyCèk djkuk gSA ;kstuk esa izdkf'kr ys[kksa esa O;Dr fopkj ys[kdksa osQ vius gSA t:jh ugha fd ;s ys[kd Hkkjrljdkj osQ ftu ea=kky;ksa] foHkkxksa vFkok laxBuksa ls lac¼ gSa] mudk Hkh ;gh n`f"Vdks.k gksA if=kdk esa izdkf'kr foKkiuksa dh fo"k;oLrqosQ fy, ;kstuk mÙkjnk;h ugha gSaA

� laikndh; & 7� foÙkh; la?kokn o LFkkuh; 'kklu ,e , mEeu 9� Hkkjr esa la?kh; 'kklu ç.kkyh% ,d voyksdu iadt oqQekj >k 13� foÙkh; la?kokn% lh[ks vulh[ks lcd cychj vjksM+k 17� Hkkjrh; la?kokn% Lok;Ùkrk cuke i`Fkdrk lkSjHk nqcs 21� fo'ks"k jkT; dh ekax vkSj fl;klr vjfoan t;fryd 25� iQksdl ;ksxs'k osQ- f}osnh

fMftVy bafM;k dk;ZØe% yksd ç'kklu lqèkkj dh u`isUæ ih-jk.kk 28,d vuqdj.kh; igy ,aVksful lh- flfefUVjl

cfurkyky� vkfFkZd lesdu dh u;h dgkuh ik;y lDlsuk 34� fodkl iFk & 36� fo'ks"k vkys[k

mnh;eku cktkj vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; laLFkk,a vkyksd 'khy 37� fofoèkrk dk mRlo% Hkkjr dh liQyrk dh dqath vk'k ukjk;.k jk; 41� Hkkjr esa lg;ksxkRed la?kokn] fookn vkSj fojksèkkHkkl oanuk feJk 45� la?k o jkT;ksa osQ vkfFkZd lacaèkksa dh iquO;kZ[;k vuqt oqQekj vxzoky 48� la?kh; O;oLFkk esa uhfr funZs'kd rRoksa dh tokcnsgh xhrk prqoZsnh 51� la?kh; O;oLFkk ij {ks=kh; jktuhfr dk çHkko lq'kkar >k 55� la?kh; <kapk o ,dkRedrk dk }a} f'kokuUn f}osnh 59� fj;klrksa ls Hkkjr la?k cuus dh dgkuh lat; JhokLro 63

;kstuk] iQjojh 20154

YH - 312/2014


izklafxd lkexzh

;kstuk dh fnlEcj ekg dh izLrqfr izR;{kfons'kh fuos'k ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj* Hkhle;kuqdwy fo"k; ds lanHkks± ls tqM+h gS]vPNk iz;kl gSA Hkkjrh; dkjksckjh D;ksa tkrsgSa ijns'k esa Hkh vfHkO;fDr tkunkj vkSj'kkunkj jghA blh vad esa izLrqr ^vizklafxddkuwu* Hkh fopkj.kh; iz'u gSA bl vad esamBk;s x;s fo"k; ds nksuksa igyqvksa ij fopkjdj ds gh ge izxfr ds lgh lksp okysliuksa dh vksj vxzlj gks ldrs gSaA vki HkhliQj ;wa gh jks'kuh vkSj izdk'k dh vksj tkjhj[ksaxsA

NSy fcgkjh 'kekZ ^bUæ*Nkrk] m-iz-

?kjsyw cpr t:jh

îzR;{k fons'kh fuos'k o vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj*fo'ks"kkad vR;Ur Kkuo/Zd jgkA Hkkjrh;dkjksckfj;ksa ds ijns'k tkus dk fo'ys"k.kkRedvè;;u tgka Hkkjr ljdkj dks viuh vkfFkZduhfr;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k djus dk b'kkjk nsrk gSogha mu vkfFkZd o lkekftd dkjdksa dhHkh ppkZ djrk gS tks Hkkjr dks m|e dkS'ky*ls lEiUu djrk gSA

fu%lUnsg fons'kh fuos'k] fodkl o jkstxkjdks c<+kus esa vR;Ur lgk;d gS] ysfduîzxfr izrhdksa dh gdhdr* vkys[k esa vR;UregRoiw.kZ ut+fj;k j[kk x;k tks fons'kh fuos'kds lkFk&lkFk izokfl;ksa }kjk Hksth xbZ jsehVsUl

o ?kjsyw vkfFkZd cpr dh egÙkk dks jk"Vªdh izxfr esa LFkkfir djrk gSA

fo'ks"k vkys[k ^vizklafxd dkuwu &vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ks a dh d'ked'k* usHkkoukRed :i ls Li'kZ fd;k ftlesa izokfl;ksadh ukxfjdrk ls ysdj ?kjsyw leL;kvksa dhrjiQ è;ku vkdf"kZr fd;k x;kA

iq"ik xgyksrtks/iqj (jktLFkku)

uke cnyus ls D;k cnysxk\

fnlEcj 2014 dk ;kstuk* vad i<+kA tksfd îzR;{k fons'kh fuos'k ,oa varjkZ"Vªh;O;kikj* ij dsfUær FkkA bl vad esa ^Hkkjrh;dkjksckjh D;ksa tkrs gSa ijns'k*] ^fons'kh fuos'kls T;knk t:jh lgh vkfFkZd uhfr;ka*] Hkkjrh;jkT;ksa esa fons'kh fuos'k izokg esa {ks=kxrvlekurk*] ^?kjsyw cpr dks c<+kok t:jh*]îzxfr izrhdksa dh gdhdr*] Hkkjr esa fons'khfuos'k % vrhr vkSj orZeku* vkSj MCY;wVhvksesa Hkkjr dks feyh cM+h liQyrk* vkys[kdkiQh vPNs yxsA

Hkkjr ljdkj us ;kstuk vk;ksx dkscUn djds mldh txg ubZ laLFkk cukusdh ckr dgh gS vkSj bl fn'kk esa Hkkjrljdkj }kjk dne Hkh mBk fy;k x;k gS]lHkh jkT;ks a ds eq[;eaf=k;ks a dh ehfVaxcqykdj] lHkh jkT;ksa ds fy, ;kstuk cukusds fy, mUgsa lkFk ysdj pyus dk dnerks lgh gSA ;s ckr Hkh lgh gS] fd lHkhjkT;ksa dh t:jrksa ds fglkc ls ;kstuk,acukbZ tk,a ysfdu ^;kstuk vk;ksx* dks cUndjds ubZ laLFkk cukuk Bhd ugha gSA vxjcnyko djuk gh Fkk rks ^;kstuk vk;ksx*dks ;FkkfLFkfr j[krs gq, mlds vUnj ght:jh lq/kj fd;s tkrs rks T;knk vPNkgksrkA tks dke ubZ laLFkk cukdj fd;k tk

ldrk gS] oks gh dke ^;kstuk vk;ksx* }kjkD;ksa ugha fd;k tk ldrk\

egsUæ izrki flagesgjkxkao] vYeksM+k] mÙkjk[kaM

^;kstuk* dk tcko ugha

vkt dh xykdkV O;olkf;d izfrLi/kZvkSj eagxkbZ ds bl nkSj esa ekewyh dher ijKku ls ifjiw.kZ ;kstuk miyC/ djkus dsfy, /U;oknA fo/krk bls cqjh utj ls cpk;sA

;kstuk ds izR;sd vad ds ys[kdksa dh'kSf{kd o is'ksoj i"BHkwfe bruh 'kkunkj gksrh gSfd ;g buds ys[kksa esa >ydrh gSA Kku fiiklqds fy, ;g fdlh ver iku ls de ugha gksrkAlp rks ;s gS fd ftls xaxkty ihus dh vknryx tk,] mldh fiQj rkykcksa ds ikuh ls I;klcq>rh dcA ekStwnk vFkZO;oLFkk dh leL;k],iQMhvkbZ vkSj vkSfpR;iw.kZ is'ksoj O;olkf;dxfrfof/;ksa dk {ks=k fo"k; fo'ks"k rd lhfergksuk csgn fpUrk dk fo"k; gSA bls vkSj O;kiddjus dh vko';drk gS rkfd {ks=kh; lkekftdvkfFkZd vlarqyu dks nwj fd;k tk ldsA

oSls] Hkw[k ls fcyfcykrh turk dksvFkZ'kkL=k] thMhih vkSj xzksFk jsV dk izopunsuk mlds lkFk csbZekuh gSA tgka rd ikuhcgus dk loky gS rks fefllhih] ;ka>h] MsU;wc]uhy rFkk vestu esa ikuh t:j cgk gksxk]ysfdu xaxk dk ikuh vkt Hkh vVdk iM+k gSAvxj xaxk dk ikuh cgk gksrk rks] ekS;Zdkyhule¼ fcgkj vkt ds oSf'od izfrLi/kZ ds,iQMhvkbZ ;qx esa lcls fupys ik;nku ijugha gksrkA tsih vkUnksyu esa tkfrokn dk fojks/dus okys vkt e.My] de.My dh ckrugha djrs] tkfrokn dks iqu% vaxqyh idM+djlkekftd eq[;/kjk esa okil ugha ykrsA

foHkkdj >kubZ fnYyh&92



YH - 321/2014

;kstuk] iQjojh 2015 7;kstuk] iQjojh 2015 7

cq¼ dk fuokZlu

laikndh;laikndh;laikndh;laikndh;laikndh;

iz/kku laiknd dh dye ls

T;&O;oLFkk ds fofHkUu Lrjksa ds chp ,d lkaxBfud fl¼kar ds rkSj ij la?kokn dk fopkj cgqr çkphu gSA xzhl ds uxjjkT;ksa esa ,slh gh O;oLFkk FkhA NBh 'krkCnh bZlk iwoZ mÙkj Hkkjr ds fyPNfo esa Hkh blh rjg dh x.kjkT; O;oLFkk dk mnkgj.kfeyrk gSA vkèkqfud fo'o esa ;g cM+s ns'kksa tSls vesfjdk] czkthy] eSfDldks vkSj Hkkjr esa lcls T;knk yksdfç; O;oLFkk gSA

okLro esa ;wjksih; la?k] la?koknh O;oLFkk dk rktk mnkgj.k gS tks jk"Vªksa dh lhek ls Åij tkdj ykxw fd;k tk jgk gS rkfd vkfFkZd Lrjij blds cgqr lkjs ykHkksa dks gkfly fd;k tk ldsA 'kk;n ;g vk'p;Ztud yx ldrk gS fd lu~ 1990 ds ckn ls fdlh cM+s la?kh;<kaps ls vyx gksdj ;k ;q¼ ;k vU; otgksa ls djhc rhu ntZu ns'kksa dk mn; gqvk gSA muesa ls cgqr lkjs ekeyksa esa la?kh; O;oLFkk esavkbZ detksfj;ksa us mu uLyh; ;k jk"Vªh;rkoknh foHkktuksa dks çksRlkfgr fd;k ftldh ifj.kfr vkf[kjdkj mu u, ns'kksa ds mn; esa gqbZA

fo}kuksa dh jk; esa vHkh iwjh nqfu;k esa ,d ^la?koknh miQku* py jgk gS ysfdu nqfu;k esa mldk dksbZ ,d&lk ekWMy ugha gSA tgka ,drjiQ ekarsLD;w us ^laçHkq uxj jkT;ksa }kjk cuk, x, x.kjkT;ksa ds la?k* ds ckjs esa ckr dh rks ogha tsEl esfMlu tSls la?kokfn;ksa us ,d ,sls^la;qDr x.kjkT;* dh ckr dh ftlesa ,d 'kfDr'kkyh dsaæh; ljdkj gks tks ladh.kZ LFkkuh; ço`fÙk;ksa* ij fu;a=k.k dj ldsA Hkkjrh; lafoèkkuds iz.ksrk ckck lkgc Hkhejko vEcsMdj bl ckr dks ekurs Fks fd Hkkjr tSls lkaLÑfrd] uLyh; vkSj Hkk"kkbZ :i ls fofoèk vkSj lrjaxsns'k esa la?kokn bldk ^eq[; y{k.k* gksuk pkfg,] Hkys gh mlesa dsUæ ljdkj dks izkFkfedrk nh xbZ gksA tokgjyky usg:] ljnkj iVsyvkSj nwljs jk"Vªoknh usrk Hkh la?kokn ds ckjs esa ,slh gh jk; j[krs Fks ysfdu xka/h th dh jk; buls fcydqy fHkUu FkhA og fodsaæhdj.kds çcy leFkZd vkSj ç'kklu ds lcls fupys Lrj iapk;rksa rd 'kfDr;ksa ds caVokjs ds i{k esa FksA

la?kokn dh Hkkouk dks oS'ohdj.k us Hkh xgjkbZ ls çHkkfor fd;k gSA tSls&tSls nqfu;k ds ns'k utnhd vkrs tk jgs gSa] 'kfDr'kkyh foÙkh;vkSj jktuhfrd bdkb;ksa dk ckgjh çHkko jkT;ksa ds fØ;kdykiksa dh Lora=krk dks lhekc¼ djus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk gSA vDlj ;glkoZtfud laLFkkvksa dh detksjh ds :i esa lkeus vkrk gSA bl çfØ;k us ,d ^çfrLièkkZRed la?kokn* dks Hkh tUe fn;k gS tgka çkarh;ljdkjsa fuos'k dks gkfly djus vkSj vius ykHk ds fy, iwath vkSj rduhd gkfly djus ds fy, dsaæ ds lkFk çfrLièkkZ djrh gSaA nwljhrjiQ Hkkjr us lg;ksxkRed la?kokn dk jkLrk viuk;k gS ftlesa èkhjs&èkhjs] foÙkh; ekeyksa esa dsaæh; ljdkj viuk fu;a=k.k <hyk dj jghgS vkSj vius vkidks dqN [kkl&[kkl {ks=kksa esa uhfrxr eqíksa rd gh lhfer j[k jgh gSA Vksdfoy dh fVIi.kh ds vk/kj ij ;g rdZ fn;ktk ldrk gS fd lg;ksxkRed la?kokn] ^jk"Vªksa dh fo'kkyrk ;k y?kqrk esa ik, tkus okys fofHkUu ykHkksa* dks csgrj rjhds ls bLrseky djusdk jkLrk gks ldrk gSA*

;gka ;g js[kkafdr djuk egRoiw.kZ gS fd vius lgh Lo:i esa la?kokn rHkh liQy gks ldrk gS tc yksdra=k dh vkèkkjf'kyk O;kidgks vkSj mldh tM+sa xgjh gksaA tgka rd Hkkjr dh ckr gS rks blds jktuhfrd vkSj lH;rkxr igpku ds :i esa mldh Hkk"kk] laLÑfr]uLy vkSj èkeZ dh fofoèkrk ds çfr ,d xgjk lEeku bl ns'k dh la?kh; Hkkouk dks iq"V dj ldrk gS vkSj jk"Vª dks etcwr cuk ldrkgSA ;gh ,d rjhdk gS ftlls Hkkjr] la?kokn dh viuh egku ijaijk dks vkxs ys tk ldrk gS ftldk bfrgkl egkRek cq¼ ds le;rd tkrk gSA

;gka ,d iqjkuh dgkuh ds lkFk viuh ckr dk lekiu djuk pkgwaxkA bZlk iwoZ ikapoh lnh esa fyPNfo vkSj 'kkD;ksa ds x.kjkT;ksa esalaFkkxkj uke dh ,d laLFkk dk vfLrRo Fkk ftlesa x.kjkT; ds vge fo"k;ksa tSls fofHkUu ?kVdksa ds chp fookn tSls eqn~nksa ij fopkj&foe'kZfd;k tkrk FkkA chl lky dh voLFkk esa cq¼ dks 'kkD; laFkkxkj esa 'kkfey fd;k x;kA tc og vV~BkbZl lky ds gq, rks 'kkD; vkSj dksfy;jkT;ksa ds chp jksfg.kh unh ds ty ds caVokjs dks ysdj fookn mB [kM+k gqvkA 'kkD;ksa dk lsukifr ml eqís ij dksfy;ksa ls ;q¼ rd djusdks rS;kj Fkk ftldk fl¼kFkZ us fojksèk fd;k ysfdu ernku ds nkSjku fl¼kFkZ ds 'kkafr çLrko dks Hkkjh erksa ls udkj fn;k x;kA fl¼kFkZdks fuokZlu >syuk iM+kA Hkys gh cq¼ dh ml ernku esa ijkt; gks xbZ gks rFkk mUgsa fuokZlu >syuk iM+k gks ysfdu x.kjkT; dk fopkjvkSj fookn dk vfgald rjhds ls fuiVkjk djus dk fopkj vHkh Hkh cpk gqvk gSA fookn ds nkSjku jk"Vªksa ds iFk&çn'kZd ds :i esa mlx.kra=k dh Hkkouk vHkh Hkh thfor gSA

vkSj vkf[kj esa ;kstuk ds ikBdksa ls esjs fonk ysus dk oDr vk x;k gS ftuds lkFk fiNys nks o"kZ fofoèk fo"k;ksa ij fopkjksa dsvknku&çnku vkSj vUos"k.k ds jgs gSaA fu'p; gh] vkxs Hkh jk"Vª&fuekZ.k dh bl egku ;k=kk esa ;kstuk] fujarj fopkjksÙkstd vkSj izklafxdlkefxz;ka çLrqr djrh jgsxhA �

jk


YH - 322/2014


?kh; O;oLFkk ljdkj dh cgqLrjh;ç.kkyh dk |ksrd gSA foÙkh;la?kokn la?kh; <kaps osQ Hkhrj

O;; dh ft+Eesnkfj;ksa osQ foHkktu] jktdks"kh;dk;ks±] varj&ljdkjh gLrkarj.k dh O;oLFkkvkSj jktdks"kh; lacaèkksa ls fuiVrk gSA fdlhHkh vPNh jktdks"kh; la?kh; O;oLFkk dky{; çHkko'kkyh] dq'ky rFkk lalkèkuksa dkU;k;iw.kZ vkoaVu djuk ,oa ljdkj osQ fofHkUuLrjksa osQ chp ftEesnkfj;ka rFkk ,d fLFkjla?kh; ç.kkyh dh fn'kk esa dk;Z djuk gSA'kq#vkr esa Hkkjrh; egkla?k la?k vkSj jkT;ksadks feykdj ,d nksgjh O;oLFkk FkhA 73osa@74osalafoèkku la'kksèkuksa us iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksaosQ fy, ,d rhu Lrjh; ç.kkyh osQ lkFkljdkj dh ,d frgjh ijr cukrs gq, lafoèkkuesa Hkkx IX rFkk Hkkx IXA dks tksM+ fn;kAblus oLrqr% ,d cgqLrjh; lkoZtfud foÙkosQ lkFk Hkkjrh; egkla?k dks ,d cgqLrjh;la?kh; ç.kkyh esa cny fn;kA bu la'kksèkuksadks ikfjr gq, chl lky chr pqosQ gSa vkSjblls lacafèkr vuqiwjd d+kuwu lHkh jkT;ksa}kjk 1994 esa vfèkfu;fer fd, tk pqds gSaAokLro esa vR;kèkqfud Lrj ij LFkkuh;yksdrkaf=kd ç'kklu dh vksj ls yksxksa dhHkkxhnkjh osQ fy, yksdrkaf=kd txg cukrsgq, foÙkh; foosQUæhdj.k dh vksj ;g ,dcM+k ç;kl FkkA foÙkh; foosQUæhdj.k lghek;us esa LFkkuh; ljdkjks a dk foÙkh;l'kDrhdj.k gSA bldk tokc ikus osQ fy,egRoiw.kZ loky tks mBrk gS] og ;g gS %D;k vuqPNsn 243 th rFkk 243 MCY;w esam¼`r vfuok;Z :i ls vkfFkZd fodkl rFkklkekftd U;k; nsus okys egRoiw.kZ dk;ZLo&'kklu ls laiUu laLFkkvksa osQ :i esa buLFkkuh; ljdkjksa osQ ikl gSaA vc tc fd

,d x+Sj&laoSèkkfud laLFkk ;kstuk vk;ksx lekIrdh tk pqdh gS rFkk uhfr (cnyrs Hkkjr osQfy, jk"Vªh; laLFkku) vk;ksx uked ,d ubZlaLFkk 1 tuojh 2015 ls ;kstuk vk;ksx dkLFkku ys pqdh gS rks rRdky ;g lokymBrk gS fd D;k vki vuqPNsn 243 (t+sMMh)osQ vuqlkj l`ftr ft+yk ;kstuk lfefr ukedlaoSèkkfud laLFkk osQ fy, fdlh u;h Hkwfedkdh ifjdYiuk dj jgs gSa ;k fiQj mls u;s:i esa ykus dh lksp jgs gSa\ D;k gLrkarj.kO;oLFkk dks ;qfDrlaxr cukus osQ fy, lqèkkjdh t+:jr gS\ bl rjg osQ foÙkh; la?koknosQ vusd eqíksa ls :&c&: LFkkuh; ljdkjksadks cnyus ;k ml ij ut+nhd ls ut+j j[kusdh t+:jr gSA bl vkys[k esa bUgha dqNeqn~nksa dks mBkus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZ gSA x+yrmÙkj nsus ls T;knk egRoiw.kZ lgh lokymBkuk gSA

Hkkjr ds lgdkjh la?kokn ftlosQ çfrubZ ljdkj us vius fo'okl dh iqf"V dh gSvkSj çfrc¼rk trk;h gS] nqfu;k osQ egkla?kksaosQ chp mldk dksbZ lkuh ugha gSA mnkgj.kosQ fy, ;g teZuh ;k nf{k.k vÚhdk osQleku ugha fn[krk] tgka dh la?kh; ljdkjsacM+h uhfr;ksa dk fuèkkZj.k djrh gSa rFkk tgkadk;kZUo;u ,tsafl;ksa osQ rkSj ij fofHkUu Lrjksaij ljdkjsa dk;Z djrh gSaA ;g czkthyh çk:ils Hkh fHkUu gS] tgka ljdkj oQh lHkh f=kLrjh;ç.kkfy;ka Lok;Ùkrk ,oa gSfl;r dk bLrsekydjrh gSa vkSj {kSfrt ,oa ÅèoZ :i ls viuhuhfr;ksa dk leUo; djrh gSaA Hkkjr dks lgdkjhla?kokn dk ekcZy&osQd ekWMy (la?kokn dk,d :i ftlesa 'kfDr] lalkèku vkSj dk;ZØedk feJ.k jk"Vªh;] jkT; rFkk LFkkuh; Lrj osQç'kklu osQ chp caVk gksrk gS) Hkh ugha dgktk ldrk gS] tgka ljdkj osQ fofHkUu Lrj

vxzys[k

la

foÙkh; la?kokn o LFkkuh; 'kklu

,e , mEeu

ys[kd lsaVj iQkWj MsoyiesaV LVMht esa ekun izkè;kid gSaA iwoZ esa og dsjy ljdkj ds pkSFks jkT; foÙk vk;ksx ds vè;{k jgsA og jkWdisQyj iQkmaMs'ku ds iksLV MkWDVjy LdkWyjrFkk ;sy fo'ofo|ky; esa vfrfFk izkè;kid vkSj lhfu;j iqQyczkbV iSQyks gSaA og ns'k&fons'k ds dbZ vk;ksxksa o lfefr;ksa esa lsok,a ns pqds gSaA bZesy% [email protected]

LFkkuh; ljdkj vc Hkkjr dk

,d vVwV fgLlk gSA blesa uhps ls

Åij osQ fu;kstu dh t+cjnLr

{kerk gSA uhfrxr fodYiksa vkSj

c<+kok nsus okys lgk;d mik;ksa

osQ ekè;e ls gh mUgsa thoar ;k

O;kogkfjd cukus osQ y{; dks

ik;k tk ldrk gSA ;g ,d

yksdrkaf=kd ljdkj ij fuHkZj

djrk gS fd oks bls ,d lgh

fn'kk nsA lkekftd lekos'ku

rHkh gkfly fd;k tk ldrk gS

tc gkf'k;s ij èkosQys x, rFkk

oafprksa dks mudh viuh 'krks± ij

'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA ;gh èkeZ

Hkh gSA ml y{; dks ikus osQ fy,

LFkkuh; ljdkjksa dks rkd+roj

cukuk ,d vfuok;Z 'krZ gS


vkil esa Hkkxhnkjh djrs gSa rFkk vfrO;kihft+Eesnkfj;ka fuHkkrs gSa vkSj cjkcj osQ HkkxhnkjosQ :i esa Lohdkj fd;s tkrs gSaA Hkkjr esaljdkj osQ fofHkUu Lrj cjkcj osQ Hkkxhnkjugha ekus tkrs gSaA oLrqr% Hkkjrh; la?k LFkkuh;ljdkj osQ Lrj ij rFkk jkT; ljdkj osQ Lrjij lalkèkuksa ,oa ft+Eesnkfj;ksa dks ysdj cgqrT;knk izR;{k valqryu osQ lkFk i{kikriw.kZ:i ls la?k osQ i{k esa gSA ;g leL;k la?k(osQUæ ,oa jkT;ksa osQ vykok uxjikfydkvksarFkk fuxeksa osQ lkFk iapk;rh jkt laLFkk,a Hkh'kkfey gSa) osQ cgq&Lrjh; pfj=k dks ysdjcM+s iSekus ij gSjku djus okyh rFkk fofoèky{;ksa dh iwfrZ djus okyh LFkkukarj.k O;oLFkkdh ekStwnk cgqç.kkyh dh gSA

vèkhuLFkrk dk fl¼kar rFkk Hkkjr dklgdkjh la?kokn

O;kogkfjd rFkk thoar foÙkh; la?kokn dksvkdkj nsus osQ fy, ,d egRoiw.kZ vkSj t+:jh'krZ gS fd ljdkj osQ fofHkUu Lrjksa osQ chpdk;ks± osQ Je dk ,d çHkkx gks] mudhft+Eesnkfj;ka gksa vkSj mudh fofu;ked HkwfedkgksA exj ;g nks lokyksa ls vkSj Hkh Li"V gkstkrk gS% igyk loky fd fdls vkSj D;kdjuk pkfg,\ nwljk loky fd fdls dgkavkSj D;k dj yxkuk pkfg,\ ihNs dh rjiQ+ut+j nkSM+kus ij ;g lkiQ+ gks tkrk gS fd Hkkjrus u rks dHkh ;s loky mBk;s vkSj u gh mulokyksa dk larks"ktud mÙkj feykA O;; nkf;RoksaosQ foHkktu] jktLo tqVkus okys dk;ks± rFkkfofu;ked dks funZsf'kr djus okys ,d ljyysfdu vR;ar çklafxd fl¼kar vèkhuLFkrk osQfl¼kar dk vuqlj.k djuk gS] ftlosQ eqrkfcd+,d [k+kl Lrj ij tks dqN Hkh lcls vPNkfd;k tk ldrk gS (fuf'pr :i ls U;wureysu&nsu vkSj leUo; dh ykxr osQ lkFk)]mls ml Lrj ij fd;k tkuk pkfg,] u fdmls mPp Lrj ij fd;k tk,A nwljs 'kCnksa esaljdkj osQ çR;sd mPprj Lrj ij fdlh dk;Zdks nsus osQ fy, ,d fo'oluh; çdj.k cuk;ktkuk gksxkA gkykafd dbZ yksx vrhr dhiapk;rksa dh ;kn fnykrs gSa] ftldh iqjkrurkoSfnd ;qx ls tqM+h gS ysfdu vaxzst+ksa osQvèkhu og vkSifuosf'kd ljdkj gh Fkh] ftlusLFkkuh; Lrj ij ^NksVs x.kjkT;ksa* dk l`tufd;k vkSj ftlus mu x.kjkT;ksa dh laLFkkvksadks Lo'kklu ls ySl djus dk lkgl fn[kk;kA1935 dk Hkkjr ljdkj vfèkfu;e rFkk çkarh;Lok;Ùkrk dh 'kq#vkr us uxjikfydk rFkkxzkeh.k iapk;r Lrj ij yksdrka=khdj.k dh

çfØ;k dks vkxs c<+kus osQ fy, dbZ d+neksa osQltu dk usrRo fd;kA ge lHkh tkurs gSa fdxzkeh.k iapk;r Hkkjr osQ Lora=krk laxzke dkoSpkfjd vkèkkj osQUæ Fkh rFkk jk"Vªfirk egkRekxkaèkh us Hkfo"; osQ Hkkjr osQ fy, xzke Lojktdks lkekftd thou osQ osQUæ osQ :i esa?kksf"kr fd;kA fiQj Hkh] Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esaxzke iapk;r dk mYys[k osQoy vuqPNsn 40osQ varxZr fd;k x;k] vkSj og bruk gh gS fduhfr funZs'kd rRo osQ :i esa ^Lo'kklu dhbdkb;ksa* dks cukus dk çkoèkku fd;k x;kvkSj ;gh dkj.k gS fd bls lafoèkku oQkd+kuwuh rkSj ij ckè;dkjh Hkkx ugha cuk;kx;kA ;gka rd fd lafoèkku 1884 osQ ykWMZfjiu osQ ladYi esa ifjdfYir LFkkuh;Lo&'kklu&ljdkj dh èkkj.kk dks Hkh Lohdkjugha djrk gSA ;g dke 73osa@74osa lafoèkkula'kksèku osQ Hkjksls NksM+ fn;k x;k rkfd,sfrgkfld Hkwy dks lqèkkjk tk losQ vkSj LFkkuh;ljdkjksa dks laoSèkkfud gSfl;r nh tk losQA

Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa la?k rFkk jkT;ksa osQdk;kZRed vkSj djksa dh xfrfofèk;ka osQUæh;lwph] jkT; lwph rFkk leorhZ lwph ukedrhu vyx&vyx lwfp;ksa (vuqlwph lkrohaosQ rgr) osQ varxZr nh xbZ gSaA leorhZ lwphesa nksuksa Lrjksa ij la;qDr U;k;kfèkdkj {ks=k gSAeksVs rkSj ij Hkkjr ljdkj vfèkfu;e] 1935dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, lafoèkku fuekZrkvksa usvèkhuLFkrk osQ fl¼kar dks ykxw djus osQctk; rnFkZ ,sfrgkfld O;oLFkk dks ykxwfd;kA lafoèkku ds 73osa@74osa la'kksèku usHkkjr esa T;knk rkfdZd lkoZtfud foÙk 'kkluosQ l`tu rFkk muosQ dk;ks± ,oa rhuksa Lrj osQfoÙkh; ç{ks=kksa osQ iquiZjh{k.k dk volj fn;kAblosQ ckotwn nks la'kksèkuksa osQ t+fj;s vkSj nkslwph tksM+h x;haA vuqPNsn XI iark;rh jktosQ fy, vkSj vuqPNsn XII 'kgjh LFkkuh;ljdkjksa osQ fy,A bu nks vuqPNsnksa osQ varxZrfn;s x, fo"k;ksa dks jkT; lwph ls pquk tkrkgS vkSj leorhZ lwph LFkkuh; ljdkj osQç{ks=k dks lHkh osQ fy, [k+q'kiQ+geh jpusokyh gSA LFkkuh; ljdkjksa dk foÙkh; LFkkuHkh vLi"V :i ls ikfjHkkf"kr NksM+ fn;kx;kA osQjy ljdkj] ftlus lapkyu dhdfBukb;ksa dks eglwl djrs gq, 73osa@74osala'kksèkuksa dks vis{kkÑr xaHkhjr ls fy;k vkSjvuqlwph XI rFkk XII osQ vUrxZr fn;s x,fo"k;ksa dks xfrfofèk;ksa rFkk mixfrfofèk;ksa esafolewfgr djus dk ç;kl fd;k rFkk ,dvU;Fkk cs<c ,oa vfrO;kih fLFkfr esa fuHkk;htkus okyh Hkwfedk esa Li"Vrk ykus dh dksf'k'k

dhA gkykafd ckn osQ fnuksa esa 2004 esavkdj iapk;rh jkt ea=kky; dh LFkkiuk gqbZ]dfe;ksa dks eglwl fd;k x;k vkSj jkT;Lrjij xfrfofèk ekufp=k.k osQ lapyu dh 'kq#vkrgqbZA nsj vk, nq#Lr vk,A tcrd dk;ks±]dks"k rFkk inkfèkdkfj;ksa dh xfrfofèk O;ofLFkrugha gksrh] rc rd foosQUæhdj.k dh gd+hd+rt+ehu ij ugha mrjsxhA

bl Hkkx esa] eSa vU; vifjHkkf"kr {ks=k osQckjs esa Hkh b'kkjs d:axkA fuf'pr :i lsyksdrkaf=kd foosQUæhdj.k osQ i{k esa tks dqNgS] mlosQ f[k+ykiQ+ dHkh dHkh dqN vM+pusaHkh vk;h gSaA ;g jkT; lwph esa en la[;k5 gS] tks bl rjg O;k[;k djrh gS% LFkkuh;ljdkj vFkkZr LFkkuh;&Lo&'kklu ;k xzkeh.kç'kklu osQ mís'; osQ fy, lafoèkku ,oaujikfydkvksa dh 'kfDr;ka] csgrj fo'okl]ftyk cksMZ] [kuu fuiVku vfèkdkfj;ksa ,oavU; LFkkuh; çkfèkdkjh oxZ [Hkkjrh; lafoèkku]vuqlwph 7] lwph II-jkT; lwph]

lq'kklu (tks varr% rdZlaxr 'kklu gS)dk oknk djus okyh ukStwnk Hkkjr ljdkj dksbl en ;k fo"k; dks [k+Re djuk gksxk rFkkxfrfofèk;ksa rFkk mixfrfofèk;ksa dh :ijs[kkokyh ,d u;h LFkkuh; lwph ij dke djukgksxk] tks vuqPNsn XI vkSj XII dks mlesa lsfujLr djsxk A

la?kh; <kaps esa uhfr vk;ksx% mBrs eqís

;g ekuuk egRoiw.kZ gS fd HkwriwoZ ;kstukvk;ksx gkykafd egRoiw.kZ uhfrxr lykgmiyCèk djkus osQ fy, fcuk fdlh fo"k;fo'ks"kKrk osQ lkFk fo'kkydk; <kaps esa fodflrgqvk vkSj ftlus dqN egRoiw.kZ lanHkZ esa jk"Vªlsok Hkh dhA fdlh Hkh lqèkkjkRed ;kiqul±jpukRed dksf'k'k dh 'kq#vkr ogha lsdjuh gksxhA mlh us igyh ckj foLr`r leh{kkvkSj vè;;u ij vkèkkfjr vkfFkZd fodklosQ fy, iapo"khZ; :ijs[kk dh jpuk dh gS,oa jk"Vª rFkk mldh vFkZO;oLFkk osQ fy,j.kuhfr rFkk o`gr vkfFkZd y{;ks a dhvkèkkjf'kyk j[khA Hkfo"; esa uhfr vk;ksxvkSj ubZ O;oLFkk }kjk bu ç;klksa dks fdlrjg ls tkjh j[kk tk;sxk] ;g ,d egRoiw.kZç'u gSA

nwljk ç'u fd Hkkjrh; lafoèkku ijvkèkkfjr la?kh; x.kra=k dh yxHkx 'kq#vkrls gh lalkèku vkoaVu dk;Z osQ lkFk vU;ckrksa osQ vykok ;kstuk vk;ksx dh Hkh 'kq#vkrgks xbZA osQUæ rFkk jkT;ksa osQ jktLo ,oa O;;ft+Eesnkfj;ksa esa lhèks lhèks vlarqyu osQ dkj.k


Hkkjrh; lafoèkku osQ vuqPNsn 380 osQ eqrkfcd+osQUæh; foÙk vk;ksx dk xBu vko';d FkkAdksbZ 'kd ugha fd blls lalkèku va'knku(foÙkh;] HkkSfrd rFkk çkÑfrd)] gkflygksus okys fodkl] fiNM+kiu] i;kZoj.kh;valqryu vkfn esa cM+h vlkeurk okys blxgjkbZ iw.kZ fofoèk milkexzh esa {kSfrt vlarqyudks la'kksfèkr fd;s tkus ij cy fn;k x;kA

;kstuk vk;ksx us vuqPNsn 282 osQ fofoèkçkoèkkuksa ls vius vkoaVu dk;ks± dh 'kfDrgkfly dhA vof'k"V çkoèkku dk erycvlkekU; ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa yksd mís';ksa osQfy, vuqnku lqfoèkkvksa dk nsuk FkkA fuf'pr:i ls ;g laoSèkkfud :i ls ,d Li"VdkjZokbZ ugha FkhA ewy :i ls ;kstukc¼rjhd+s ls 'kq: gq, LFkkukarj.k dks 1969 osQckn lw=k&vkèkkfjr lalkèku vkoaVu cuk fn;kx;kA ;g lw=k ml le; osQ mikè;{k Mh-vkj-xkMfxy osQ uke ij 'kq: gqvkA gkykafdblesa dbZ ckj lqèkkj gqvk rFkk jkT;ksa osQçcy fojksèk osQ ckotwn bl lw=k dks d+k;ej[kk x;kA lafoèkku la'kksèku 73 rFkk 74 dkvuqlj.k djrs gq, vuqPNsn 243 vkbZ rFkk243 okbZ tksM+k x;k rFkk blus jkT; ,oami&jkT;&Lrj ij ÅèoZ rFkk {kSfrt vlarqyuesa lqèkkj djus osQ fy, la?kh; foÙk vk;ksx lsBhd feyrs tqyrs jkT; foÙk vk;ksx dhxqat+kb'k cuk;hA ;g js[kkafdr djuk egRoiw.kZgS fd 73osa rFkk 74osa lafoèkku la'kksèku usvpqPNsn 280 esa la'kksèku fd;k rkfd jkT;foÙk vk;ksx dh vuq'kalk osQ vkèkkj ij iapk;rksa,oa uxjikfydkvksa osQ lalkèkkuksa dks iwjdrkçnku djus okys la?kh; foÙk vk;ksx dkslqfoèkktud cuk;k tk,A Hkkjrh; jktdks"kh;la?kokn esa tSfod tqM+ko cgqr Li"V gS rFkkdksbZ Hkh iqul±jpuk bldh vogsyuk ughadjrh gSA rhljh ckr fd ;kstuk vk;ksxifj;kstuk fodkl rFkk o`gr uhfr fuekZ.k esa,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk FkkA vxj uhfrvk;ksx bdykSrk fFkad VSad gksus tk jgk gS] rksbls ppkZ vkSj xq.koÙkkiw.kZ 'kksèk ij vPNk[k+klk t+ksj nsuk gksxkA

ÅèoZeq[kh ;kstuk dh vksj

vHkh rd uhfr vk;ksx dh :ijs[kk crk;hugha x;h gS] ysfdu bl ckr dk i;kZIrb'kkjk gS fd ubZ O;oLFkk Hkkjr esa uhps lsÅij rd dh ;kstuk dh t+:jr dks Lohdkjdjrh gSA ;g m¼`r djuk egRoiw.kZ gS fdvuqPNsn 243 th] 243 MCY;w rFkk 243t+sMMh ,oa 243 t+sMbZ vko';d :i ls uhps

ls Åij rd dh ;kstuk dh t+:jr ij cynsrs gSaA ogha 243 th rFkk 243 MCY;w osQçkoèkkuksa osQ eqrkfcd+ xzkeh.k rFkk 'kgjh LFkkuh;ljdkjksa dks bl rjg dh 'kfDr;ksa] vfèkdkjksarFkk ft+Eesnkfj;ksa ls ySl djuk gksxk fdLo&'kklu dh laLFkkvksa osQ :i esa oks dk;Zdj losaQ rFkk vkfFkZd fodkl ,oa lkekftdU;k; osQ lkFk lkFk çLrkfor dk;ZØeksa dksdk;kZfUor djus osQ fy, Hkh vko';d gSA

vuqPNsn 243 t+sM lHkh jkT;ksa dks funsZ'knsrk gS fd oks ft+yk ;kstuk lfefr rFkk cM+s'kgjh {ks=kksa osQ fy, egkuxj ;kstuk lfefr(243 t+sMbZ) dh LFkkiuk djsaA ft+yk ;kstuklfefr dk dke gS fd iapk;rh jkt rFkkft+ys esa uxjikfydkvksa }kjk rS;kj dh xbZ;kstukvksa dks lesfdr djs ,oa ft+yksa osQfy, lexz :i ls fodkl dk [kkdk rS;kjdjs ,oa muls mEehn dh tkrh gS fd oksçk:fir ;kstuk osQ eqrkfcd+ ,dhÑr LFkkfud;kstuk dks ykxw djsa ,oa çkÑfrd lalkèkuksaosQ laj{k.k dh dksf'k'k djsaA ,d elkSnk gksusosQ ukrs çfØ;kRed rFkk rS;kj laLFkkxr mik;ksa}kjk LFkkuh; ljdkjksa osQ Lrjksa rFkk jkT; osQLrj ij leqfpr uhfr fodYiksa osQ ekè;e lslapkyu oSèkrk dks vc Hkh lqfuf'pr fd;ktkuk gSA

2-5 yk[k iapk;rh jkt rFkk 3842 uxjh;LFkkuh; ljdkjsa gSa] ftuesa rhl yk[k tuçfrfufèk gSaA dksbZ 'kd ugha fd ;g ,dvn~Hkqr yksdrkaf=kd vkèkkj gS] tks fo'o esafdlh Hkh vU; ns'k osQ ikl ugha gSA lclscM+s yksdrkaf=kd ns'k esa uhps ls Åij rddh ;kstuk okys bl çxfr osQ çn'kZu osQfy, ,d vf}rh; volj dks ysdj ,dcM+h laHkkouk gS vkSj bls jk"Vªh; y{; dhrjg vkxs j[kk tkuk pkfg,A uhps ls Åij osQfodkl dh ;kstuk okys bl ns'k esa xzkelHkk]ft+yk ;kstuk lfefr] jkT; foÙk vk;ksx rFkkyksxksa dh Hkkxhnkjh osQ fy, vU; jkLrksa dksHkh ,d lksís'; fn'kk dh vksj fn;s x, <kapsdks vuqçkf.kr djus ds rkSj ij ns[kk tkukpkfg,A osQjy esa ;g Li"V fn[krk gS fdvxj jktuhfrd bPNk 'kfDr gks rks LFkkuh;Lo&'kklu dh jkg vklku gksrh gSA yksxksa dhHkkxhnkjh dks lwphc¼ djus osQ fy, mUgsauhps ls Åij rd dh xfr okyh ;kstuk dksysdj tkx:d djus osQ fy, osQjy esa vfHk;ku'kq: fd;k x;k ysfdu ckn esa lkekukarj :ils dke djus okys ,d fo'ks"kK fudk; ;kuhlsu lfefr dh fliQ+kfj'k osQ vkèkkj ij bldk;Z dks laLFkkxr fd;k x;kA

osQjy us xzke lHkk Lrj ij vuqHkotU;t+:jrksa dh igpku dh rFkk mldk ewY;kadufd;k vkSj ft+yk ;kstuk lfefr }kjk vafre:i ls Lohdkj fd;s tkus osQ ckn Hkkxhnkjhokyh bl ;kstuk dh ,d cgqLrjh; çfØ;kdk fodkl fd;k] mu reke xzke iapk;rrFkk uxjikfydkvksa us viuh viuh fodkl;kstuk,a rS;kj dh] tks fd dksbZ ekewyh miyfCèkugha FkhA çR;sd {ks=k dh lalkèku lwph rFkkyach vofèk osQ fodkl y{;ksa okyh blfodkl fjiksVZ ij ppkZ dh xbZ vkSj blsfodkl lsfeukj osQ uke ls tkuk x;kA mUgksaus{ks=kh; dk;Zcyksa (blosQ ckn mu dk;Zlewgksadk ukekdj.k fd;k] yxHkx çR;sd LFkkuh;ljdkj esa yxHkx 10&12 dk;Zny cuk;sx,) dks laxfBr fd;kA tSlk fd nks fo}kuksaus bldh ppkZ djrs gq, dgk gS fd budkeq[; mís'; xzke lHkk rFkk uxjikfydkvksa esafodkl lsfeukj dk vk;kstu djuk vkSj fodklfjiksVZ ij ppkZ djuk Fkk rkfd xzke lHkkvksaesa 'kq: fd;k x;k okMZ okj fodkl laoknxkao [vkbtSd ,oa çSaQd (2000)%105] osQmPp Lrj rd c<+k;k tk losQA bl yksddk;ZØe vfHk;ku çk:i osQ varxZr yxHkxikap yk[k yksx] jktuhfrd usrRo] yksdlsod]LFkkuh; fo'ks"kK rFkk blh rjg osQ vkSj Hkhyksxksa us xzke lHkk esa vk;ksftr gksus okysfodkl lsfeukj o jkT; ;kstuk cksMZ (2000)(ns[ksa] vkfFkZd leh{kk) esa Hkkxhnkjh dhA bllsfeukj ls ,d foosQUæhÑr [kkaps esa leL;klekèkku rFkk Hkkxhnkjh igy ij fopkj foe'kZdjus dh laHkkouk dh tkap&ij[k gqbZA

fuLlansg bldk eryc ;g ugha gS fdlHkh fodkl lsfeukj leku :i ls liQy gSarFkk foosQUæhÑr fu;kstu ifj;kstuk esa dfe;kaugha gSA fiQj Hkh ;g iwjh rjg laLFkkxr gSrFkk ;g vius vki esa ,d cgqr cM+h ckrgSA fu;kstu vfHk;ku çk:i osQ 'kq#vkrhfnuksa esa jkT; fu;kstu cksMZ us ey;kye Hkk"kkesa foLr`r fu;ekoyh tkjh dh Fkh rFkk yksxksaosQ fy, fu;kstu ifj;kstuk rS;kj djus dh[k+kfrj yksxksa dh lgk;rk Hkh dhA osQjyljdkj (2009) osQ ikl ftyk ;kstukdk;Zç.kkyh ij ,d vè;k; gS rFkk blosQlkFk gh ubZ ljdkj osQ fy, liQy dksYyeft+yk ;kstuk nLrkost+ Hkh tkjh fd;k x;krkfd vxj vkus okyh ljdkj uhps ls Åijrd osQ fodkl dks çkFkfedrk nsrh gS] rks oksbl ij dk;Z dj losQA lpeqp Mh,iQ+MvkbZMhdh enn ls p;fur xzke iapk;rksa esa 2007&07esa blh rjg dh uhps ls Åij rd tkus okyh


;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr if'pe caxky ljdkj usHkh dhA

iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa vkSj 'kgjh LFkkuh;ljdkjksa }kjk vkfFkZd fodkl vkSj lkekftdU;k;* osQ fy, ;kstuk cukus osQ tukns'k dksykxw djus osQ laoSèkkfud dke dks ysdjvyx ls t+ksj nsus dh t+:jr gSA bl rjg dkfu;kstu ,d lexz voèkkj.kk gS rFkk foHkkxLrj voèkkj.kk vkSj mldk dk;kZUo;u blosQfy, ,d lgh n`f"Vdks.k ugha gksxkA fuf'pr:i ls {ks=kokn Hkkjr osQ fy, vfHk'kki jgkgSA uhps ls Åij rd okys bl fu;kstu dksHkys gh çHkko'kkyh rjhd+s ls vatke fn;k tkldrk gS ysfdu bldk eryc rc rd ughagksxk tc rd fd iapk;rksa osQ ikl fuLrkj.kosQ fy, fliQ+Z ;kstukc¼ dks"k gksaA if'pecaxky rFkk osQjy esa gq, T;knk csgrjfoosQUæhdj.k dh vksj ut+j Mkysa] tks ;kstukc¼LFkkukarj.kksa ij cuk;s tkrs gSa] rks LFkkuh;ljdkjksa osQ ikl ;kstuk cukus rFkk çkFkfedrkr; djus dh vkt+knh osQ lkFk mEehn osQeqrkfcd+ ,d eqDr dks"k gksuk pkfg, FkkA

uhfr vk;ksx rkRdkfyd :i ls ns'kO;kihLVsVl fjiksVZ vè;;u dj ldrk gS] 2008 esa,dhÑr ;kstuk osQ fy, rS;kj iqfLrdk osQlkFk lkFk ;kstuk vk;ksx osQ ç;klksa ij ppkZdjok ldrk gS vkSj blosQ ckn dk;Z dh:ijs[kk dh rS;kjh ij Hkh dke dj ldrkgS] tks LFkkuh; fHkUurkvksa dks lek;ksftr djlosQA vxj lgh ek;us esa lHkh 640 ft+ysnh?kZdkyhu n`f"Vdks.k osQ vkèkkj ij ft+yk;kstuk rS;kj djrs gSa rFkk mlosQ vkèkkj ijokf"kZd ;kstuk cukrs gSa rFkk eè;orhZ y{;cukrs gSa rks bl rjg osQ d+ne ns'k dhvusdrk esa ,drk okyh dgkor dks lghek;us esa pfjrkFkZ djrs gSaA

vPNh çxfr dks ns[krs gq, Hkkjr us LFkkuh;ljdkj Lrj osQ lanHkZ esa Hkw&LFkku] feV~Vh]Hkwty] iQlyksa] unh csflu] okVj'ksM vkfnij HkkSxksfyd lwpuk vkèkkfjr vkadM+ksa dkfuekZ.k fd;k gS] oSKkfud LFkkuh; fu;kstudksbZ eu dk yM~Mw Hkj ugha gSA vxj tula[;kosQ lkFk iwjd O;oLFkk gS vkSj laHkor% ,dlkèkkj.k ?kjsyw lkekftd vkfFkZd vkadM+s (rnFkZloZs{k.k djus osQ fy, LFkkuh; fo|ky; osQf'k{kdksa dk bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gS)]?kjsyw Lrj dh tkudkfj;ka ;k lwpuk,a rS;kjdh tk ldrh gSa rks miyCèk tkudkfj;kauhps ls ;kstuk osQ fy, lgkjs dk dke djldrh gSaA okLrfod ç'u ;g gS fd D;kft+yk fu;kstu lfefr;ka mi&jkT; Lrj ij

vkfFkZd fodkl rFkk lkekftd U;k; fnykusosQ fygkt+ ls ns'k Hkj esa jktuhfrd :i ls]d+kuwuh :i ls rFkk çkS|ksfxd :i ls l'kDrgSaA uhfr vk;ksx bl eqís ij viuh le> dkvPNk bLrseky dj ldrk gSA

LFkkukarj.k O;oLFkk dk ;qfDrdj.k

foÙkh; dk;ks± rFkk LFkkukarj.k O;oLFkkdks ;qfDriw.kZ] dq'ky rFkk U;k;laxr vkèkkjij j[kuk ,d vPNh lgdkjh la?kh; O;oLFkkosQ fy, vR;ar vko';d gSA fofoèk mís';vkSj 'krks± osQ lkFk çokg dh cgqyrk Hkkjrh;foÙkh; la?kokn dh nq[krh jx jgs gSaA ,slhfLFkfr ijLij fojksèkh çkFkfedrkvksa rFkk foÑrifj.kkeksa osQ lkFk feyh gqbZ gSA ;kstuk vk;ksxosQ vkoaVu dk;ks± dk [k+kRek leL;k dklekèkku ugha gSA ldy ctVh; leFkZu osQ,d çfr'kr osQ :i esa osQUæ çk;ksftr dk;ZØeksaesa fgLlsnkjh yxkrkj c<+rh jgh gSA gkykafdch-osQ- prqoZsnh lfefr (2011) dh vuqla'kkosQ ckn mudh la[;k ?kVk nh xbZ gS] ysfduftldh et+cwr mifLFkfr vkt Hkh d+k;e gSAns'k esa T;knk ls T;knk U;k;laxr ,oa ;qfDrlaxrLFkkukarj.k ç.kkyh dh LFkkiuk esa fdl rjgmUgsa 'kkfey fd;k tk jgk gS rFkk thoarLFkkukarj.k O;oLFkk dk fgLlk mUgsa dSls cuk;ktkrk gS] ;g ,d egRoiw.kZ ç'u gSA lh,l,lykxw djus esa jkT;ksa }kjk led{k èku dksO;ogkj es a ykus dh dksf'k'k mudhçkFkfedrkvksa esa ,d [krjukd foÑfr cux;h gSA blosQ vykok mPp LokLF;] 'kS{kf.kdrFkk lkekftd miyfCèk;ksa osQ lkFk osQjyvkSj vf[ky Hkkjrh; 'krks± osQ lhèks [kkaps esavkrs >kj[kaM ;k vksfM+'kk tSls fiNM+s jkT;,oa ;kstukvksa osQ lHkh ,drjiQk ?kks"k.kk (blrjg dh lHkh ?kks"k.kk,a lgdkjh la?kokn ij,d geyk gS) ls Åij rFkk jkT;ksa ij mUgsaFkksik tkuk oks reke leL;k,a gSa] ftUgsa gyfd;k tkuk vc Hkh ckd+h gSA

Hkkjr fo'o dk foÙkh; :i ls lclsosQUæhÑr ns'k gSA ;gka rd fd lkE;oknhphu dh Hkh ,dkRed ljdkj Hkkjr dhrqyuk esa dgha vfèkd foosQUæhÑr gSALFkkukarj.k dh O;oLFkk dh ,sfrgkfld fojklrdks ns[krs gq, D;k bl ns'k osQ mÙkjksÙkjÅèokZèkj vkSj {kSfrt vlarqyu dks de djusdk cks> vosQys osaQæh; foÙk vk;ksx osQ daèkksaij Mkyk tk ldrk gS\ fdlh Hkh d+her iju, fljs ls tkap djus dh t+:jr gS pkgs buo"kks± esa Hkkjr fodkl vfHkeq[k gks jgk gks ;kfodkl foeq[k jgk gksA ;g uhfr vk;ksx osQ

u;s mikè;{k] vjfoUn iuxf<+;k ij fuHkZjdjrk gS fd oks bl ij vè;;u osQ fy,,d vk;ksx dk xBu djsaA okLro esa fFkadVSad èkkj.kkvksa ;k ekU;rkvksa ij dke ughadj ldrk gSA vkt+knh osQ 68 lky osQ cknHkh bl ns'k osQ çèkkuea=kh dks LoPN HkkjrvfHk;ku osQ Hkkxhnkj osQ :i esa xfy;ksa dkslkiQ+ djus osQ fy, gkFk esa >kM+w FkkeukiM+rk gSA fdldh çkFkfedrkvksa us bl ns'kosQ HkkX; ij 'kklu fd;k] ;g ,d isaphnkloky gS] ftldh tkap&iM+rky dh l[rt+:jr gSA iapk;rksa (oLrqr% mUgsa LekVZ cukuk)dks et+cwr cukuk çkFkfed vkSfpR; gS vkSjblosQ vykok 73osa rFkk 74osa lafoèkku la'kksèkuksadk v{kj'k% ikyu djuk Hkh vko';d gSAçR;sd ukxfjd dh viuh ilan osQ fuokldk [;ky fd;s fcuk mUgsa LoPNrk] is;ty]vkokl] fctyh] dusfDVfoVh (lM+d vkSjbaVjusV nksuksa) dh cqfu;knh lqfoèkk,a eqgS;kdjk;h tkuh pkfg, Fkha rFkk vU; tulsokvksaij Hkh rRdky è;ku fn;s tkus dh vko';drkgSA muosQ vius lzksr dks"kksa dks xfr'khy djusosQ fy, LFkkuh; ljdkj dks çksRlkfgr djukegRoiw.kZ gSA iatkc] jktLFkku rFkk gfj;k.kkus laifÙk dj dks lekIr dj fn;k] ;glaifÙk dj fo'o osQ 80 çfr'kr ns'kksa esaLFkkuh; ljdkjksa dk eq[; lzksr gS rFkk dbZvU; çfrxkeh dkjZokbZ Hkh xaHkhj fpark osQfo"k; gSaA ;|fi ;g ,d gLrkarj.k ç.kkyhdh fn'kk esa dke djus osQ fy, Hkh mruk ghegRoiw.kZ gS] D;ksafd blls lHkh ukxfjdksa] nwjnjkt+ esa jgus okys vkfnokfl;ksa osQ lkFk&lkFkfuLlansg rqyukRed :i ls csgrj fLFkfr esajgus okys fnYyh osQ ukxfjdksa osQ fy, HkhlkoZtfud lsokvksa osQ rqyuh; Lrj dh is'kd'kdjus osQ fy, LFkkuh; ljdkjksa dh jktdks"kh;{kerk esa o`f¼ gksxhA exj bl rjg dk ç;klçxfr'khy rjhd+s ls ykxw fd;k tkrk gS rks13osa foÙk vk;ksx dh fliQkfj'kksa dks ,dlkekU; çn'kZu vuqnku çnku djus osQ fy,]gkykafd og cjkcjh dk vuqnku ugha gS] lghvFkks± esa ftl gkykr esa lkekU; yksx jgrs gSa]muosQ thou dks mUur cukus osQ fy, ;g,d vPNk d+ne FkkA ;gh dkj.k gS fddukMk vkSj vkWWLVªsfy;k tSls egkla?k esa {kSfrtvlarqyu Hkkjr osQ eqd+kcys dgha de gSa]ogka lerkoknh vuqnkuksa osQ vkèkkj ij dkegksrk gS] uhfr vk;ksx rFkk la?kh; foÙk vk;ksxdks bldk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,A ;g fuf'pr:i ls vuqfpr gS fd vke ukxfjdksa dh

('ks"kka'k i`"B 44 ij)


jrh; yksdrkaf=kd jktuhfrdh ;g [kkfl;r jgh gS fdblus la?kokn ;k la?kh;

ç.kkyh osQ fofHkUu Lo:iksa dks vkRelkrfd;k gS] pkgs og funZsf'kr la?kokn gks],dkRed gks pkgs eksy&rksy (usxksf'k,fVax)okyk o lg;ksxh la?koknA fo'ks"k :i ls 90osQ ckn osQ n'kd esa la?koknh ço`fr esala?kh;dj.k ;kuh isQMjykbZts'ku dh ço`frgh ns[kh xbZ gS ftlesa gfjr la?kokn dh HkhlqxcqxkgV eglwl dh tkus yxh gSA ;g 'kksèkvkys[k rhu fgLlksa esa caVk gqvk gSA igysfgLls esa la?kokn dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq;sla?koknh jktuhfr ls tqM+h pkj voLFkkvksa]nwljs fgLls esa Lora=k Hkkjr esa mnkjhdj.k osQiwoZ ekStwn la?kh; ço`fÙk;ksa dks js[kkafdr fd;kx;k gSA rhljs fgLls esa uCcs osQ ckn ls vcrd osQ la?kh; jktuhfr osQ li+Qj o mldhpqukSfr;ksa dks fo'ys"k.kkRed rjhosQ ls le>kusdh dksf'k'k gSA

Li"V gS fd bu rhuksa gh pj.kksa ijfo'ys"k.kkRed Vhdk&fVIi.kh djus ls iwoZcgqr la{ksi esa la?kh; jktuhfr dks ns[kus omldh ço`fÙk;ksa dk tk;tk djus ls çrhrgksrk gS fd la?kh; jktuhfr osQ ihNs la?kokn:ih 'kCnkoyh dk;Z djrh gSA la?kokn 'kCndk ç;ksx le;kuqlkj fHkUu&fHkUu lanHkks± esafd;k x;k gSA okLro esa] 'kkfCnd o oSpkfjdç;ksx us blosQ vFkZ dks foÑr dj fn;k gSAyksdra=k dh Hkkafr fHkUu&fHkUu yksxksa us la?kokndk Hkh fHkUu&fHkUu vFkZ yxk;k gSA fl¼kar:i esa] la?kokn jkT; dk og laxBukRedLo:i gS ftlesa] fdlh lekt esa jk"Vªh;,drk rFkk {ks=kh; Lok;Ùkrk osQ chp ,d

larqyu LFkkfir fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ,dçfØ;k gS ftlesa oqQN Lora=k] jktuhfrdbdkb;ka ,d ,slk çcaèku djrh gSa ftlesa oslkekU; leL;kvksa osQ fy;s la;qDr uhfr;kacukdj o la;qDr fu.kZ; djosQ mudk lekèkkudj losaQA nwljs 'kCnksa esa la?kokn lk>s jk"Vªh;mís';ksa dks çkIr djus gsrq ,d laoSèkkfud;a=k gS ftlesa ns'k dh laosQUæd o foHkktdço`fÙk;ksa dh foijhr 'kfDr;ksa dks lesfdrdjosQ fofHkUurk esa ,drk lqfuf'pr dhtkrh gSA

la?kokn esa ,sls fuf'pr o dBksj fl¼karugha gksrs tks çR;sd ,sfrgkfld ifjfLFkfr esa,d leku :i ls ykxw gksaA 'kklu osQ fl¼karosQ :i esa la?kokn fofHkUu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esafHkUu&fHkUu Lo:i xzg.k djrk gSA bl fygkt+ls la?kokn ls tqM+h oqQN ewy voèkkj.kk,a ofopkj vko';d :i ls egRoiw.kZ çrhr gksrkgSA la?kokn ,d laLFkkxr fudk; gS tks nksçdkj dh jktuhfrd O;oLFkkvksa dks lekfgrdjrh gSA blesa ,d çkarh; Lrj dh gksrh gSvkSj nwljh osQUæh; Lrj dhA çR;sd ljdkjvius {ks=k esa Lok;Ùk gksrh gSA bl :i esayksxksa dh nksgjh igpku o fu"Bk,a gksrh gSaAos vius {ks=k osQ Hkh gksrs gSa vkSj jk"Vª osQ HkhAtSls geesa ls dksbZ xqtjkrh] fcgkjh ;k iatkchgksus osQ lkFk&lkFk Hkkjrh; Hkh gksrk gSA çR;sdLrj dh jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dh viuh oqQNfo'ks"krk,a gksrh gSa o ogka ,d vyx ljdkjHkh gksrh gSA

nksgjs 'kklu dh foLr`r :ijs[kk veweu,d fyf[kr lafoèkku esa ekStwn gksrh gSA ;glafoèkku lokZsPp gksrk gS vkSj nksuksa ljdkjksadh 'kfDr;ksa dk lzksr HkhA jk"Vªh; egRo osQ

voèkkj.kk

Hkk

Hkkjr esa la?kh; 'kklu ç.kkyh% ,d voyksdu

iadt oqQekj >k

ys[kd jktuhfr foKku foHkkx] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls ^jkT; o ck<+ fu;a=k.k dh jktuhfr* fo"k; ij ih,p-Mh dj jgs gSaA blh fo'ofo|ky; ls ^lq'kklu&HkkxhnkjhosQ fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa* fo"k; ij viuk ,e&fiQy y?kq&'kksèk i=k Hkh fy[kk gSA vkidh fdrkc lq'kklu osQ vkbZus esa u;k fcgkj] çHkkr çdk'ku ls çdkf'kr gks pqdh gSAvkius nks fdrkcksa dk fgUnh esa vuqokn fd;k gS% ikuh ij f'kadtk] Hkkjr esa cM+s ckaèkksa dh jktuhfrd vFkZO;oLFkk (çdk'kkèkhu) (Vsfeax n okVj dk fgUnh vuqokn]vksDliQksMZ ifCyosQ'ku ls çdkf'kr iqLrd) rFkk OgkbZ bafM;k oksV (ewy fdrkc] jVyst çdk'ku ls)A bZesy% [email protected]

Hkkjrh; lafoèkku fuekZrkvksa usHkkjrh; jk"Vª o 'kfDr'kkyh laiUujkT; osQ dk;kZRed midj.k osQ :iesa la?kokn dks 'kqekj fd;kA vkt+knhosQ ckn osQ usrkvksa osQ le{k ckgjho vkarfjd lqj{kk osQ dop osQ :iesa Hkh Hkkjrh; 'kklu O;oLFkk esa

,d etcwr la?kokn osQ laLFkkuhdj.kij cy fn;k x;kA nksuksa gh

fLFkfr;ksa us Hkkjr esa la?kh; O;oLFkkdks O;kogkfjd iVjh ij ykus esa;ksx fn;kA bl :i esa Hkkjr esala?kh; O;oLFkk osQ liQj o dk;Z

xfrdh dks eksVs rkSj ij nks Hkkx esaHkkx dj ns[kk tk ldrk gSA igysfgLls esa 1952 ls 1990 rd dhla?kh; jktuhfr o nwljs fgLls esa

uCcs osQ ckn ls vc rd osQ la?kh;jktuhfr o mlls tqM+h ço`fr;ksa dks

js[kkafdr fd;k tk;sxk


Hkkjrh; lafoèkku fuf'pr rkSj ijosQUæ o jkT;ksa osQ chp 'kfDr;ksa osQfoHkktu] Lora=k o 'kfDr'kkyhU;k;ikfydk] Lora=k fuokZpu vk;ksx]lafoèkku dh lokZsPprk] mPp lnu]lafoèkku la'kksèku ç.kkyh vkfn osQvkèkkj ij la?kokn osQ cgqr lkjs y{k.kksadks xzg.k djrk gSA blosQ ckotwnla?kokn osQ fof'k"V Dyc esa Hkkjr dhlnL;rk oqQN ek;us esa fookfnr ekuhtkrh jgh gSA

fo"k;ksa elyu çfrj{kk o eqæk dk mÙkjnkf;Rola?kh; ;k osQUæh; ljdkj dk gksrk gSA {ks=kh;;k LFkkuh; egRo osQ fudk;ksa ij çkarh; jkT;ljdkjsa tokcnsg gksrh gSaA osQUæ o jkT;ksa osQeè; fdlh çdkj osQ Vdjko dks jksdus osQfy;s ,d Lora=k U;k;ikfydk dh O;oLFkkgksrh gS tks la?k"kks± dk lekèkku djrh gSAU;k;ikfydk dks osQUæh; ljdkj o jkT;ksa osQchp 'kfDr osQ caVokjs osQ lacaèk esa mBus okysdkuwuh fooknksa dks gy djus dk vfèkdkjgksrk gSA

bu fo'ks"krkvksa o ewy voèkkj.kkvksa osQvkyksd esa Hkkjrh; la?koknh çkoèkku dk Hkhç;ksx fd;k x;kA Hkkjrh; lafoèkku osQ vuqPNsn,d esa Hkkjr dks jkT; dk la?k dgk x;k gSAMkW- vacsMdj us lafoèkku lHkk esa bldhO;k[;k djrs gq;s dgk fd Hkkjrh; la?k dkçknqHkkZo fdlh le>kSrs ls ugha gqvk rFkknwljh egRoiw.kZ ckr ;g gS fd fdlh HkhjkT; dks Hkkjrh; la?k ls vyx gksus dkvfèkdkj ugha gSA gkykafd ;g foe'kZ ges'kkls lqf[kZ;ksa esa jgk gS fd D;k Hkkjr la?kh;iSekus ij lgh mrjrk gSA Hkkjrh; lafoèkkufuf'pr rkSj ij osQUæ o jkT;ksa osQ chp'kfDr;ksa osQ foHkktu] Lora=k o 'kfDr'kkyhU;k;ikfydk] Lora=k fuokZpu vk;ksx] lafoèkkudh lokZsPprk] mPp lnu dk jkT; lnugksuk] lafoèkku la'kksèku ç.kkyh vkfn osQ vkèkkjij la?kokn osQ cgqr lkjs y{k.kksa dks xzg.kdjrk gSA blosQ ckotwn la?kokn osQ blfof'k"V Dyc esa Hkkjr dh lnL;rk oqQNek;us esa fookfnr ekuh tkrh jgh gSA

la?kh; jktuhfr dh pk3j voLFkk,a

fgUnqLrkuh jktuhfr esa la?koknh ifjçs{;D;ksa dk;Z dj jgk gS o blosQ dk;Z djus dhn'kk,a D;k&D;k gSa tSls loky dkiQh vgeçrhr gksrs gSaA egRoiw.kZ :i ls çsQMfjp(1968)] jkbZdj (1975)] nhf{kr (1975)o gSlh o jkbZV (1996) us bl fn'kk esaegRoiw.kZ :i ls dk;Z fd;k gSA ijarq bl eqísij lcls vfèkd çdk'k okV~l (Watts) usMkyk gSA okV~l us la?koknh fØ;k djus lacaèkhpkj voLFkkvksa dk ftØ fd;k gSA igyk]vfHktkR; lek;kstu (Elite Accomodation)Anwljk] tu layXurk osQ dkj.k gekjs lekt esamRiUu yksdrkaf=kd çofr;ka tks la?koknh ç.kkyhdh LFkkiuk osQ fy;s fopkj&foe'kZ osQ <kapsdks tfVy cuk ldrh gSA rhljk] var%ljdkjh,tsafl;ksa osQ chp ^çfrLièkkZ o Vdjko* dkekgkSyA pkSFks LFkku ij jkbZdj dks js[kkafdr

djrs gq;s okV~l us fy[kk gS fd jktuhfrdnyksa (ftlesa mldh la[;k o pfj=k dkfoU;kl gks) dh Hkwfedk o çHkko rFkk blosQla?kh;] jkT; o LFkkuh; 'kk[kkvksa osQ lkFklacaèk la?kh; çfØ;kvksa osQ foU;kl dks foosfprdjus esa lg;ksx nsrk gSA

egRoiw.kZ :i ls mi;qZDr pkjksa <kapksa dksHkkjrh; lanHkZ esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA vfHktkR;lek;kstu dk lcls cM+k mnkgj.k dkaxzsl osQpje 'kklu dky ftls dkaxzsloknh gStkseksfud;qx Hkh dgrs gSa] osQ varxZr ns[kk tk ldrk gSftlesa fo'ks"k :i ls vfHktkR;oknh #>kuksa ij[kkl tksj fn;k x;kA bldk ljksdkj eq[; :ils dkaxzsl osQ Hkhrj cqtZqvkoknh] mPp çcaèkdh;vfHktkR;] jkT; dh ukSdj'kkgh osQ }kjk lkjhuhfr;ksa ij vkfèkiR; ls FkkA nwljk <kapk viusle; osQ yksdrkaf=kd çofÙk;ksa osQ :i esa lkeusvkrk gS tks tulayXurk osQ :i esa O;Dr gksrkgS ;g la?koknh ç.kkyh dh LFkkiuk osQ fy;s dbZ

niQk fopkj&foe'kZ osQ <kaps dks tfVy cuk nsrkgSA blosQ varxZr rsth ls xfreku lkekftdlewgksa dks js[kkafdr fd;k tk ldrk gS tksçR;{k :i ls jktuhfrd nyksa osQ :i esa vius[kqn osQ uke ls laxfBr gksrs gSaA

1970 osQ n'kd esa Hkz"Vkpkj osQ fojksèk esa'kq# fd;k x;k tsih vkanksyu o orZeku le;esa iqu% Hkz"Vkpkj osQ fojksèk esa yksdiky dhLFkkiuk ls tqM+s vUuk gtkjs osQ vkanksyu dksblh osQ varxZr ns[kk tk ldrk gSA rhljs <kapsosQ :i esa var%ljdkjh ,tsafl;ksa osQ vkilhVdjko o çfrLièkkZ dks j[kk x;k gS] blesaHkkjrh; jkT;ksa osQ chp lalkèkuksa elyu ikuh]unh osQ ikuh osQ caVokjs dks ysdj fookn dksns[kk tk ldrk gS ftlesa osQUæ çk;% eè;LFkdh Hkwfedk esa jgrk gS] blosQ varxZr ukSdj'kkgho jktuhfrd usrkvksa osQ chp Vdjko o vkilhçfrLièkkZ yxkrkj ns[kh tk ldrh gSaA vHkhgky esa eqYySisfj;kj ckaèk dks ysdj rfeyukMq

o osQjy ljdkj osQ chp ruko o mlesa osQUæljdkj dh Hkwfedk dks egRoiw.kZ :i lsblosQ varxZr ns[kk tk ldrk gSA blh rjg lspkSFks foU;kl osQ varxZr jktuhfrd ny dhHkwfedk o çHkko o bldk la?kh;] jkT; ljdkjksao LFkkuh; 'kk[kkvksa osQ lkFk lacaèk la?kh;çfØ;kvksa osQ foU;kl dks foosfpr djus esalg;ksx djrk gSA blosQ varxZr çeq[krk lsosQUæ o jkT;ksa esa dkaxzsl ikVhZ dh ,dnyh;çHkqRo okyh fLFkfr dk volku rFkk varj&nyh;la?kh;dj.k dh fLFkfr esa {ks=kh;] LFkkuh; fgrksadk mn; egRoiw.kZ :i ls ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

Hkkjrh; la?kh; jktuhfr% li+Qjukek

Hkkjrh; lafoèkku fuekZrkvksa us Hkkjrh;jk"Vª o 'kfDr'kkyh laiUu jkT; osQ dk;kZRedmidj.k osQ :i esa la?kokn dks 'kqekj fd;kAblosQ lkFk&lkFk vkt+knh osQ ckn osQ Hkkjrh;usrkvksa osQ le{k ckgjh o vkarfjd lqj{kk osQdop osQ :i esa Hkh Hkkjrh; 'kklu O;oLFkkesa ,d etcwr la?kokn osQ laLFkkuhdj.k ijcy fn;k x;kA bu nksuksa gh fLFkfr;ksa us Hkkjresa la?kh; O;oLFkk dks O;kogkfjd iVjh ijykus esa ;ksx fn;kA bl :i esa Hkkjr esa la?kh;O;oLFkk osQ liQj o dk;Z xfrdh dks eksVsrkSj ij nks Hkkx esa Hkkx dj ns[kk tk ldrkgSA igys fgLls esa 1952 ls 1990 rd dhla?kh; jktuhfr o nwljs fgLls esa uCcs osQ cknls vc rd osQ la?kh; jktuhfr o mlls tqM+hço`fr;ksa dks js[kkafdr fd;k tk;sxkA

çFke pj.k (1952&1990) osQ varxZrHkkjrh; la?kh; ç.kkyh esa 1952 ls 1967 rdosQ dky dks funZsf'kr la?kokn osQ :i esa 'kqekjfd;k tkrk gSA blosQ varxZr fuf'pr rkSj ijloZ'kfDreku vfHktu osQ gkFk esa gh lÙkk dhdeku FkhA dkaxzsl ikVhZ 1950 o 1960 osQpqukoh f{kfrt esa 'kh"kZ ij FkhA blus lHkhjk"Vªh; o rdjhcu lHkh jkT; Lrjh; pqukoHkh thrsA bl nkSjku dkaxzsl ikVhZ osQ lanHkZ esadkaxzsl flLVe 'kCn Hkh bt+kn fd;k x;k FkkAbl nkSjku izèkkuea=kh usg: dk joS;k LowQy osQml ekLVj tSlk Fkk tks jkT; osQ eq[;ea=kh lsçR;sd eghus jkT;ksa osQ lanHkZ esa lwpuk,a ekaxrsFks o jk"Vªh; lgefr cukus osQ lanHkZ esa muosQer o lg;ksx dh vis{kk djrs FksA blosQekè;e ls usg: LFkkuh; o {ks=kh; usrkvksa dksjk"Vªh; 'kfDr lajpuk esa lg;kstu osQ :i esans[krs FksA bl :i esa dkaxzsl dh Hkwfedk ,di;Zos{kd osQ :i esa FkhA

1967 osQ ckn Hkkjrh; la?kokn esa dkaxzslikVhZ ds opZLo esa rst+h ls fxjkoV gqbZA


NBs vke pquko osQ mijkar Hkkjrh;la?kh; jktuhfr esa vkewypwy ifjorZuns[kk x;kA osQUæ esa vklhu turk ikVhZdh ljdkj osQ lkFk jkT;ksa dh ljdkjksa useksy&rksy djus dk ç;kl fd;kA foÙkh;ekeyksa dks ysdj if'pe caxky dhekDlZoknh ljdkj us lnSo osQUæh; ljdkjdks ?ksjus dh dksf'k'k dhA bl çdkj bloDr eksy&rksy okyh la?koknh çofr;ksaosQ mHkkj dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

dkaxzsl ikVhZ osQUæ esa tgka lkèkkj.k cgqer ijfleV xbZ ogha 1967 osQ xzh"e rd 17 jkT;ksaesa ls vkB egRoiw.kZ jkT;ksa esa dkaxzsl dhljdkj dks ijkt; dk lkeuk djuk iM+kAifj.kkeLo:i jk"Vªh; jktuhfr esa bl dkyesa osaQæ o jkT;ksa osQ chp fooknksa osQ mijkarHkh vkilh lg;ksx cuk jgk vkSj lg;ksxhla?kokn dh xqatkbZ'k dks dkykarj esa eglwlfd;k tkus yxk FkkA pkSFks vke pquko osQi'pkr~ çèkkuea=kh bafnjk xkaèkh dks ftl rjgls {ks=kh; usrkvksa us leFkZu fn;k og lg;ksxhla?kokn dh ut+hj is'k djrh FkhA

1971 osQ ikaposa yksdlHkk pquko osQmijkar Hkkjrh; la?koknh jktuhfr esa ,dkRedla?kokn osQ :id Hkh fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSaA pqukoesa feys cgqer osQ mijkar] xjhch gVkvks] 14cSadksa dk jk"Vªh;dj.k] egkjktk osQ çhohilZdh lekfIr dh ?kks"k.kk djosQ Hkkjrh; la?koknfiQj ls ,dkRedrk dh vksj ço`Ùk gks jgkFkkA egRoiw.kZ :i ls bl nkSj esa jktuhfrdlaLFkk,a pjejkus yxh FkhaA dkaxzsl ikVhZ osQHkhrj vkarfjd la?kh;dj.k dh ço`fr dkyksi gks pqdk FkkA ukSdj'kkghdj.k dh c<+rh'kfDr] vO;oLFkk] dkaxzsl ikVhZ osQ lk[k esairu dh fLFkfr] jktuhfr o flfoy lsok esaHkz"Vkpkj us bafnjk xkaèkh dh vlqj{kk dksuSlfxZd :i ls c<+k;k FkkA twu 1975 esa 19eghus osQ fy;s fd;s x;s vkarfjd vkikr dh?kks"k.kk osQ oDr Hkkjrh; la?kh; ço`fr HkqjHkqjkusyxh Fkh] ,slk çrhr gksus yxk Fkk fd gekjhlkaLFkkfud fHkfÙk fdruh detksj gSA xkSjrycgS fd lhfer vFkks± esa gh vkikrdky us ;gfn[kk fn;k fd Hkkjrh; yksdra=k esa la?kh;O;LFkk us viuk vkRe&'kksèku dk Lo;a dkra=k fodflr dj fy;k gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fdog ladV osQ le; vius j{kk osQ vkStkjksa dkviuh <ax ls bLrseky djrh gSA

NBs vke pquko osQ mijkar Hkkjrh; la?kh;jktuhfr esa vkewypwy ifjorZu ns[kk x;kAosQUæ esa vklhu turk ikVhZ dh ljdkj osQlkFk jkT;ksa dh ljdkjksa us eksy&rksy djusdk ç;kl fd;kA foÙkh; ekeyksa dks ysdjif'pe caxky dh ekDlZoknh ljdkj uslnSo osQUæh; ljdkj dks ?ksjus dh dksf'k'kdhA bl çdkj bl oDr eksy&rksy okyhla?koknh ço`fÙk;ksa osQ mHkkj dks ns[kk tkldrk gSA

1980 osQ n'kd esa dkaxzsl dh ljdkj osQxBu osQ ckn gq;s ifjorZuksa osQ xkgs&cxkgslg;ksxh la?kokn dh ço`fr dks ns[kk tkldkA o"kZ 1980 esa iatkc esa vdkyh ny

tSlh {ks=kh; ikVhZ dk mHkkj] 1983 esa osQUæ ojkT; ljdkj osQ chp dVqrk fuiVkus osQ fy;sljdkfj;k vk;ksx dk xBu la?kh;dj.k dhfn'kk esa egRoiw.kZ dne gSA bl nkSjku 1985esa iatkc] 1986 esa vle] fetksje] 1987 esaf=kiqjk osQ lkFk le>kSrs dh ço`fr fey dkiRFkj ekuk tkrk gSA egRoiw.kZ gS fd blla?kh;dj.k dh ço`fr osQ ckotwn bafnjk xkaèkhdh rjg jktho xkaèkh osQ 'kklu esa Hkh 'kklura=k esa osQUæh;dj.k dh ço`fr o gseksftuhVhns[kh xbZA

uCcs osQ n'kd osQ ckn la?kh; jktuhfr

1990 osQ ckn osQ dky esa Hkkjrh; osaQæh;jktuhfr esa xBcaèku ;qx dk Øfed 'kq#vkrgks pqdk FkkA xBcaèku dh jktuhfr dh ifjfèkesa eafnj] eaMy o ekoZsQV dh jktuhfr Hkh?kw.kZu dj jgh FkhA bl cnyrh fiQt+k esala?kh; jktuhfr esa iuih ço`fÙk ns[kh xbZA

igyk] tSlk fd Mxyl o.khZ us dgk gSHkkjrh; jktuhfrd ç.kkyh v¼Z&la?kh;(Quasi-federal) dh fLFkfr ls vktv¼Z&ifjla?kh; fLFkfr esa vk xbZ gSA xkSjrycgS fd v¼Z&la?kh; fLFkfr esa osQUæ ljdkjT;knk 'kfDr'kkyh Fkh] tcfd vktv¼Z&ifjla?kh; fLFkfr esa jkT; ljdkjksa dkiyM+k T;knk Hkkjh gks x;k yxrk gSA ;g ckr;gka egRoiw.kZ gS fd tSls gh jkT; ljdkjksadk dn c<+rk gS og osQUæ ljdkj ls çR;sdeqn~ns ij lkSnsckt+h djrh gqbZ izrhr gksrh gSAblh dkj.k bl pj.k dks la?kh; eksy&rksyosQ izeq[k :id osQ :i esa of.kZr fd;k tkldrk gSA

1989 ls 2009 rd osQUæ esa cuh ljdkjsaelyu oh-ih flag ljdkj (1989)] paæ'ks[kj(1990)] ih-oh ujflagjko (1991)] ,p-MhnsoxkSM+k (1996)] baæ oqQekj xqtjky (1997)]vVy fcgkjh oktis;h (1998 o 1999)rFkk eueksgu flag (2004&2009) dh ljdkjsa

tks xBcaèku dh ljdkj gh Fkh] lcesa la?kh;eksy&rksy dh izo`fr ns[kh xbZA blosQ lkFkgh lkFk bu xBcaèku dh ljdkj osQ dkj.kHkz"Vkpkj osQ ekeys esa Hkh c<+ksrjh ns[kh xbZAujflagjko ljdkj esa >keqeks fj'or dkaM]eueksgu flag ljdkj esa uksV osQ cnys oksV]2 th ?kksVkyk tSls cM+s ekeys ns[ks x;sA

nwljh rjiQ {ks=kh; nyksa dh c<+rh 'kfDrus iwjh jk"Vªh; jktuhfr dks ,d u;k vk;keçnku fd;k gSA mÙkj çns'k esa clik] lik]fcgkj esa tn (;w)] jktn] rfeyukMq esaMh-,e-osQ] vUukæeqd] iatkc esa vdkyh ny]gfj;k.kk esa gfj;k.kk fodkl ikVhZ] egkjk"Vªesa f'kolsuk] vksfM'kk esa chtw turk ny vkSjcaxky esa r`.kewy dkaxzsl tSlh {ks=kh; ikfVZ;ksaus nks jk"Vªh; ny dkaxzsl vkSj Hkktik osQ lkFkvius vius fgrksa osQ vuqlkj xBcaèku djosQ;wih, vkSj ,uMh, dk fuekZ.k fd;kA ;s lHkh{ks=kh; ikfVZ;ka viuh fof'k"V {ks=kh; fgr]jkT; osQ fy;s fo'ks"k iSosQt ekax] fo'ks"k jkT;dk ntkZ (fcgkj) ij yxkrkj jk"Vªh; nyksa ijncko cukrh jgh gSA ;s ikfVZ;ka viuh {ks=kh;vfLerk dks folftZr djrs gq;s xBcaèku esafdlh çdkj osQ esfYVax ikWV dk f'kdkj ughagqbZ oju~ lykn osQ ik=k dh èkkj.kk dks thoarcuk;s gqbZ gSaA ,u-lh-Vh-lh osQ ekeys esa;wih, osQ xBcaèku lg;ksxh r`.kewy osQ fojksèkdks bl lanHkZ esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

la?koknh ç.kkyh osQ fo'ks"kK çks- ,e-ihflag 1990 osQ ckn dh Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; jktuhfresa c<+rs la?kh;dj.k dh ço`fr dks çèkkuea=kh]jk"Vªifr] jkT;iky] fuokZpu vk;ksx osQlkFk&lkFk foÙkh; la?kokn esa c<+ jgh jkT;ksadh fgLlsnkjh osQ xkgs&cxkgs dkiQh egRoiw.kZekurs gSaA ijarq gesa lkFk&lkFk bl nkSj esala?kh;dj.k o lg;ksx osQ lkFk&lkFk ruko oeksy&rksy okyh ço`fr;ka Hkh ns[kh tk ldrhgSA xksj[kkySaM ioZrh; ç'kklu osQ fy;s xfBrxksj[kkySaM {ks=kh; ç'kklu (GAT) osQ le;tgka la?kh;dj.k dh ço`fr ns[kh xbZ oghacaXykns'k ls ikuh osQ caVokjs dks ysdj osQUæcuke if'pe caxky ljdkj] vkardjksèkhfVªO;wuy ;kuh ,ulhVh dk fookn oeqYySisfj;kj ckaèk dk fookn fookfnr oeksy&rksy ;qDr la?koknh jktuhfr dks cgkydjrh gSA

gfjr la?kokn ;kfu xzhu isQMjfyTe

cnyrs fo'o esa tyok;q ifjorZu] tyçnw"k.k] tSo fofoèkrk] ouksa osQ dVko] vkstksuLrj osQ vi{k; tSlh leL;kvksa osQ bnZ&fxnZ


la?kokn dh iwjh ladYiuk esa gfjr la?kokndks 'kkfey djosQ bls vkSj lcyhÑr djusij cy fn;k tk jgk gSA xkSjryc gS fdgekjs lafoèkku esa jkT; osQ uhfr funsZ'kd rRoosQ varxZr vuqPNsn 48d esa gkykafd i;kZoj.klaj{k.k dh ckr dh xbZ gS ijarq uhfr funsZ'kdrRo gksus osQ dkj.k bldks ykxw djus dhfn'kk esa dksbZ Bksl igy ugha gks ikbZA blhrjg lafoèkku esa fufeZr rhuksa lwfp;ksa elyula?k lwph jkT; lwph o leorhZ lwfp;ksa esa Hkhblls lacafèkr fo"k;ksa ij osQUæ] jkT; o nksuksagh ljdkjksa dks dkuwu cukus dh 'kfDr çnkudh xbZ gSA ijarq igyh ckj cgqr gh BkslrjhosQ ls 13osa foÙk vk;ksx us bldh t:jrdks js[kkafdr djrs gq;s dgk fd vc le;vk x;k gS fd ikfjfLFkrdh] tyok;q ifjorZuo tSo fofoèkrk osQ chp mfpr çcaèku osQ}kjk laiksf"kr fodkl osQ y{;ksa dks gkflyfd;k tk;sA vk;ksx us ou lacaèkh vuqnku osQrgr djhc 5]000 djksM+ #i;s dh fliQkfj'kdh (iSjk] 12-46)A blosQ lkFk&lkFk moZjdlfClMh dks c<+kok nsus o Hkw&ty nksgu dksjksdus ij [kkl tksj fn;kA lexz :i ls gfjrla?kokn osQ varxZr fuEu fcanqvksa ij [kkltksj fn;k x;k gS% d) ewy i;kZoj.kh; t:jrksaosQ fglkc ls lalkèku eqgS;k djk;k tk;srkfd lkekftd&vkfFkZd eqíksa ij fo'ks"k iQksdldh tk losQA [k) bl dk;Z esa cgq&Lrjh;fudk;ksa dks tksM+dj bl çfØ;k dks l?kucuk;k tk ldrk gSA x) osQUæ ls jkT; ojkT; ls LFkkuh; Lrj ij foÙkh; gLrkarj.k ijikjn'khZ O;oLFkk lqyHk dh tk losQA

?k) ioZrh; o mi}hih; bykdksa esa i;kZoj.kh;laj{k.k ij fo'ks"k igy djuh pkfg;sA �

lanHkZ%

bl ço`fr osQ vè;;u osQ fy, fo'ks"k :i ls ns[ksa]ikWy-vkj-czkl] dksfy,'ku ikWfyfVDl bu ukFkZ bafM;k*]n vesfjdu ikWfyfVdy lkbal fjO;w] o"kZ 62] vad4] fnlacj 1968] i`&1174&1191A,-,l-] ukjax (2005)] la?kokn i¼fr o dk;Z i¼fr*]Hkkjrh; 'kklu o jktuhfr] xhrkatfy ifCyf'kax gkÅl]i`&74Ajk"Vªh; lgkjk (2012)] dk fo'ks"k lIrkfgd vad]gLr{ksi] 28 vçSyAlqczr osQ- fe=kk o ekyVs igy (2012)] isQMjfyTe*]miyCèk gS] uhjtk xksiky t;ky] çrki Hkkuq esgrk(laikfnr)] daisfu;u Vw ikWfyfVDl bu bafM;k]vkWDliQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh çsl] i`&44AokV~l us la?koknh ç.kkyh lacaèkh vius foLr`r vè;;uesa oqQy 23 jkT;ksa dks la?kh; jkT; osQ :i esa 'kqekjfd;k gSA egRoiw.kZ gS fd og bl la?koknh Dyc esaHkkjr o eysf'k;k dks ugha j[krs gSa] (okV~l 1998]i&121)A buosQ vuqlkj] ;s ns'k cgqHkk"kh] cgq&lkaLÑfrdo cgq&uLyh; fofoèkrk ls ;qDr gS lkFk&lkFk osvius fodkl osQ xaHkhj nkSj esa Hkh gSa (iwoZm¼`r]i`&118)AosQ-lh Ogh;j (1951)] isQMjy xouZesaV] osLVdksVZ%xzhuoqM ifCyf'kax xzqiAMh-Mh clq (2002)] baVªksMD'ku Vw n LVMh vkWiQbafM;k] okèkok ifCy'klZ] U;w fnYyhAjksukYM] ,-okV~l (1998)] isQMjfyTe] isQMjyikWfyfVDl ,.M isQMjs'ku] ,uoy fjO;w vkWiQ ikWfyfVdylkbal] [kaM&1] i`&117&37-iwoZm¼`r] 130-ijat; xqgk BkoqQjkrk] 'kadj j?kqeu (2004)] , VkbevkWiQ dkfytUl] fMokMsM oh LVsaM] lst ifCyosQ'ku]i`&16-t;çdk'k ukjk;.k }kjk 1974 esa Hkz"Vkpkj] ?kwl[kksjh]dkykcktkjh dks lekIr djus osQ fy;s laiw.kZ Økafr

Li"V gS fd tc ge la?kh; 'kklu ç.kkyhesa osQUæ&jkT; osQ chp lacaèkksa dk vkdyudjrs gSa rks ,d vkSj igyw ;kuh osQUæ&'kkflrjkT;ksa osQ ç'kklu lacaèkh eqís misf{kr jg tkrsgSaA Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa tc ;g dgk tkrk gSfd Hkkjr jkT;ksa dk la?k gS rks bldk vk'k;29 jkT;ksa o lkr osQUæ'kkflr çns'kksa dksfeykdj la?k osQ fuekZ.k ls gSA xks;k lafoèkkuesa bl ckr dk mYys[k gS fd lkr osQUæ'kkflr jkT;ksa elyu paMhx<+] nknj o uxjgosyh] neu o nhi] y{k}hi] iqM~Mqpsjh ojk"Vªh; ç'kkflr {ks=k fnYyh dks blesa 'kkfeyfd;k x;k gSA Hkkjr osQ la?kh; 'kklu osQ<kaps esa mi&jk"Vªh; ç'kklu osQ varxZr osQUægh buij 'kklu djrk gSA jkT; osQ foijhr;g çR;{k :i ls la?kh; osQUæh; ljdkj osQ

la?koknh ço`fr;ka rFkk osQUæ 'kkflr jkT;}kjk 'kkflr gksrh gSA blesa fnYyh] iqM~Mqpsjh]vaMeku o fudksckj }hi lewg dks mijkT;ikyosQ ekè;e ls 'kkflr fd;k tkrk gS ogha nknjkvkSj uxj gosyh o y{k}hi] neu o nho dksç'kkld osQ ekè;e lsA ;fn osQUæ o osQUæ'kkflr çns'kksa osQ chp lacaèkksa dks ns[ksa rks Li"VgS fd nksuksa osQ chp jktuhfrd o ç'kklfud'kfDr;ksa dks ysdj vkilh fookn gksrs jgrs gSaA

çksisQlj ,e-ih flag ds vuqlkj ^tgkaosQUæ lafoèkku }kjk mYysf[kr vPNs ç'kkludks eqgS;k djkus lacaèkh mÙkjnkf;Ro ls caèkkgqvk gS ogha osQUæ 'kkflr jkT; viuhç'kklfud o foÙkh; Lok;Ùkrk osQ ekaxksa ijvfMx gSa*A ç'kklu dk loky rks dbZ ckjxaHkhjrk ls nksuksa osQ lacaèkksa esa dVqrk ykus esaHkh ;ksx djrk gSA fo'ks"k :i ls jk"Vªh;

jktèkkuh fnYyh esa iqfyl o dkuwu O;oLFkkfdlosQ ikl gks og ges'kk ls osQUæ ofnYyh ljdkj osQ chp rukruh dk fo"k;jgk gSA ;gka ls fuokZfpr foèkk;d dksges'kk bl ckr dk jat gksrk gS fd mu ijfoèkkf;dk] ç'kklfud o foÙkh; ekeyksa ijosQUæh; ljdkj dh uosQy jgrh gSA ogfuokZfpr çfrfufèk gksdj Hkh xSj&fuokZfpreglwl djrs gSa mUgsa dbZ ckj lsosQ.M DyklysftLysVj gksus dk cksèk gksrk gSA gkykafdbu c<+rs fooknksa osQ dkj.k gh laçx ljdkjus vius }kjk ?kksf"kr uhfr vk;ksx esa jkT;ksaosQ eq[;eaf=k;ksa osQ lkFk&lkFk osQUæ'kkflrçns'kksa osQ Hkh mijkT;ikyksa o ç'kkldksa dks'kkfey fd;k gS rkfd dkWijsfVo isQMjfyTedh ladYiuk dks lkdkj fd;k tk losQA

'kq: dh x;hA Hkz"Vkpkj osQ eqíksa ij iqu% vUuk gtkjsosQ usr`Ro esa yksdiky dh LFkkiuk osQ fy;s fnYyh esatuvkanksyu fd;k x;kA ;g la?kh; O;oLFkk esa uohuço`fr gSAjkekLokeh vÕ;j (2007)] ^VwoMZl xqM lsal vkWueqYySisfj;kj*] bdksukWfed ,.M ikWfyfVdy ohdyh]tuojh 6] i`&13AekSfjl tksUl us dkaxzsl osQ 1952&66 osQ 'kklu dkydks ,d nyh; çHkqRo osQ :i esa 'kqekj fd;k gSAbldk vk'k; ,sls la?kh; ç.kkyh ls gS] tgka la?kh;xq.k gSa] ijarq fiQj Hkh vfHktu uhfr fu;ark vkSj vketurk osQ chp nwjh gSA {ks=kh; o lqlqIr igpku mHkjugha ik jgh gSAdkaxzsl ç.kkyh 'kCn çksisQlj jtuh dksBkjh }kjk ç;ksxfd;k gSA dksBkjh us dkaxzsl osQ 1952&1967 osQ'kkludky dks dkaxzsl flLVe dgk gS ftlesa dkaxzslikVhZ enj ikVhZ o dSp vkWiQ vkWy okyh fLFkfr esaFkhAusg: }kjk fy[kk x;k ;g i=k pkj [kaM esa vcmiyCèk gS (usg:] 1985) tks vkjafHkd Lora=krk osQn'kdksa dh jktuhfr ls lacaf/r gSAysgikVZ (1996)] lgorZu ewyd j.kuhfr ls tqM+slS¼kafrd foospu] i`&258&68Adksgyh (1991)] Økbfll vkWiQ xouZesaVscfyVh (dkaxzslikVhZ dh osQUæhdj.k dh ço`fr)AikFkZ pVthZ (1997)] Hkwfedk] LVsV ,.M ikWfyfVDlbu bafM;k] vkWDliQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh çsl] i`&34Ajktuhfrd fo'ys"kd ;ksxsUæ ;kno us 1990 osQ ckndh jktuhfr dks rhu edkj] eaMy eafnj ekosQZV osQ:i esa 'kqekj fd;k gSAosQ-lh Ogh;j (1964)] isQMjsy xouZesaV] vkDliQksMZ;wfuoflZVh çslAMxyl oh- o.khZ (2003)] ^çQkWe DostkbZ isQMjs'ku VqDostkbZ dkWuisQMjslh n VªkaliQkWesZ'ku vkWiQ bafM;ktikVhZ flLVe*] ifCy'klZ n tuZy vkWiQ isQMsjfyTe]o"kZ&33] vad 4-eksfjl tksUl (1971)] n xouZesaV ,.M ikWfyfVDlvkWiQ bafM;k] gfpUlu] i`&50A


foÙkh; la?kokn% lh[ks vulh[ks lcd

cychj vjksM+k

Nys Ng n'kdksa esa Hkkjr dkla?kh; yksdra=k dbZ cnyko lsgksdj xqtjk gS ;gka ge blds

vuqHkoks a] fgpfdpkgVks a] xyfr;ks a vkSjfoiQyrkvksa ds lkFk&lkFk blesa varfuZfgruoksUes"k] vkf/D; vkSj liQyrkvks a dsifjHkkf"kd Lo:iksa dks le>us dh dksf'k'kdjrs gSaA la?kh; xBcaèku ds ;qx esa fiNys nksn'kdksa ;g ,d u;s fLFkjkad ij igqap pqdkgSA bl vuqHko dh 'kq#vkr esa dbZ laoSèkkfud'kq¼okfn;ksa dh vk'kk ds foijhr ijaijkoknhKku ds dbZ fofgr rF;ksa dks fdukjs j[kfn;k x;k FkkA bl nkSjku ,dkReoknhvkSifuosf'kd jkT; ds èkjksgj dh lh[k lsvyx lekèkku dh ryk'k esa ,sls jkLrs vf[r;kjfd;s x;s] ftuls dHkh bl rjhds ls lkeukugha gqvk FkkA bl nkSjku O;oLFkk bl rF;dh [kkst dksf'k'kksa esa yxh Fkh fd fdl rjgfofoèkrkvksa dks cxSj ,drk dh Hkkouk dscfynku ds lefUor djus dh dksf'k'k dhtk ldrh gSA bl izfØ;k esa dqN idM+<hyh gqbZ] dqN ij ncko c<+k;k x;kA ,sls esaoSf'od vkfFkZd fodkl ds uo mnkjoknhnkSj ls ns'k ds ihNs gVrs tkus dh rqyukdjuk eqn~ns dk vR;ar ljyhdj.k djuk ghgksxkA fo'o dk lcls cM+k yksdra=k Hkkjrlr~r :i ls vius ukxfjdksa ds vfèkdkjksa dhlqj{kk esa iz;Ru'khy jgus ds dkj.k tkuktkrk gSA ;g thfor gS vkSj iQy&iwQy jgkgS] rks bldk dkj.k gS fd bldh jpuk ghla?kh; gSA ge ;gka dqN mu egRoiw.kZ fcanqvksadks fu:fir djus dh dksf'k'k djsaxs] ftUgksausHkkjrh; la?k ds fodkl dks js[kkafdr fd;k

figS vkSj ;g Hkh fd D;k blls dksbZ lcdgeus lh[kk Hkh gS ;k ughaA

mi;qDr la?kh; <kaps dk fuekZ.k% pqukSfr;ka

vO;ofLFkr vukSifuos'k us u;s Lokèkhuns'k dks lqO;ofLFkr djus dh egrhvko';drk iSnk dj nh FkhA lafoèkku lHkkds laLFkkidksa dh reke cqf¼erk fliZQrkRdkfyd mBkiVd dks 'kkar djus esa fufgrugha FkhA os ,d fVdkmQ yksdra=k dhvkèkkjf'kyk rS;kj djuk pkgrs Fks] cxSjvius fl¼karksa vkSj n`f"V ls le>kSrk fd;sfd Hkkjrh; x.kjkT; fdl rjg izfrfufèkRods fy, vkxs c<+uk pkgrk gSA rkRdkfydifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj ftl rjg ?kVuk,a ?kVhFkha] muesa ,drk dh Hkkouk vkSj Hkkjr dksoSpkfjd rkSj ij fLFkj djus dh Hkkoukizcy FkhA dkiQh okn&fookn ds ckn lafoèkkulHkk us ,d èkeZfujis{k x.kjkT; dk ekxZpquk] ftlesa vYila[;dksa ds vfèkdkj dhlqj{kk izeq[k Hkkouk FkhA ns'k foHkktu dsnkSjku vkrad vkSj Mj dh fLFkfr;ksa dsvkyksd esa lafoèkku lHkk LokHkkfod rkSjij u;s jk"Vª esa ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk lqfuf'prdjuk pkgrh FkhA u;s x.kjkT; esa vfr'k;la?kokn ds lkFk&lkFk vdkV~; :i lsvidsanzh vkSj i`Fkdoknh rRoksa dk tksf[kede djus dh tksf[ke cjdjkj FkhA

var esa tks <kapk vaxhdkj fd;k x;k] ogekStwnk lHkh egRoiw.kZ la?kh; ekWMyksa ls fy;kx;k FkkA lafoèkku lHkk us ,d ,slh iz.kkyhlq>k;h tks le; vkSj la?kh; lekt dht:jrksa ds eqrkfcd FkhA la?kh; yksdra=k ds

varn`Zf"V

ys[kd lsaVj iQWkj eYVh ysoy isQMjfyTe ds vè;{k rFkk baLVhV~;wV vkWiQ lks'ky lkablst esa jktfufr foKku ds iwoZ izkè;kid gSa vkSj tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky;]ubZ fnYyh esa jsDVj jgs gSaA og isfjl fLFkr Vªkal&dYpjk varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkku ds mikè;{k rFkk lkbalst&iks bafM;k ,Y;qfeukbZ ,lksfl,'ku ds vè;{k gSaA muds vdknfed'kks/ la?kh; 'kklu vkSj yksduhfr fo"k;ksa ls lacaf/r gSaA og ns'k&fons'k dh fofHkUu laLFkkvksa esa Hkh i<+krs gSa rFkk mUgsa izQkal x.kjkT; ds loksZÙke ukxfjd lEeku lslEekfur fd;k tk pqdk gSA bZesy% [email protected]

,d vksj tgka lgHkkxh vkSj

izfrLièkhZ la?kokn vktdy

jktuhfrd foe'kZ ds izeq[k

'kCn cu x;s gSa] ;g ;kn

j[kuk t:jh gS fd Hkkjrh;

la?kokn jkT;ksa vkSj ftyksa esa

fuokl djrk gSA tc rd

bu Lrjksa ij cnyko

ifjyf{kr ugha gksrs] Hkkjrh;

yksdra=k ds lqn`<+hdj.k dk

dke vèkwjk gh jgsxkA la?kh;

yksdra=k esa yksdrkaf=kd

fodkl dk rdZ 'kklu esa

dbZ iz;ksxksa dk fgek;rh gS]

c'krsZ os lafoèkku ds

cqfu;knh ewY; vkSj blds

Lo:iksa ds izfr lEeku j[ksa


rdks± ds lkFk ftl jktfufrd izfØ;k dh'kq#vkr dh x;h Fkh] mls vkus okys le; esabl dke dks c[kwch iwjk fd;kA fdlh iwoZfjdkWMZ dh vuqiyCèkrk vkSj dksbZ ,sls ekuddh vuqifLFkfr tks ml nkSj ds fu;eksa vkSjekinaMksa dh O;k[;k djs] mu ekWMyksa dksvaxhdkj fd;s tkus ds ckjs esa fofèkosÙkkvksadk ekuuk gS fd og iz.kkyh 'kk;n gh la?kh;jgh gSA bl rjg bls uke dk gh la?kh; dgktk ldrk gSA bu o.kZuksa dks vkt U;k;laxrugha Bgjk;k tk ldrk D;ksafd vkt la?kh;fl¼karksa us Hkkjrh; Hkwfe esa xgjh tM+sa tekyh gSaA Hkkjrh; jktfufrd laLFkkuksa dks vktla?kh; iztkfr dh ladj uLy ds :i esaekU;rk nh tkrh gSA LojkT; o lka>k 'kkludks :f<+oknh rjhds ls tksM+ fn;k x;k gS fdHkkjr la?k u fliZQ thfor gS] cfYd viuhfofoèkrkvksa ds ckotwn iQy&iwQy jgk gSA;g ,d ewY;oku ijaijk gS] ftls Hkkjr dsyksdra=k ds :i esa thfor jgus ds fy,vfuok;Z :i ls lqjf{kr j[kk tkuk pkfg,A

jkT;ksa dk iquxZBu% ekinaM vkSj jktuhfr

izknsf'kd laxBuksa ds vkèkkj ij Hkk"kkbZigpku dh ekU;rk dk loky ,d cM+s eqn~nsds :i esa lafoèkku lHkk ds lkeus mBkAbldh tM+sa jk"Vªh; vkanksyu ds nkSjku fd;sx;s oknksa vkSj ckn esa izkFkfedrkvksa vkSjyksdfiz; Hkkoukvksa dh vuns[kh esa jgh gSaAdbZ js[kkadu vkSj yphyh iquxZBu izfØ;klafoèkku esa 'kkfey dh xbZ Fkha] ftuij HkkSagsVs<+h gqb±A O;ogkj esa blus vkf[kj dSls dk;Zfd;k\ gesa mu jktuhfrd laoSèkkfud izfØ;kvksadk iwoZewY;kadu djuk gksxk] ftudh cnkSyrbu izfofèk;ksa dk gks ikuk lqfuf'pr gqvkArsyaxkuk jkT; ds mn; ds ihNs izrkM+ukRedvkSj fgald izfofèk;ka bl izfØ;k ds lqpk::i ls pyk;s tkus esa dfBukbZ dk i;kZIrnLrkost gSaA Lokèkhurk ds ckn ds nks n'kddh jktuhfrd izfØ;k igpku ds ladV vkSjvHkko dh jktuhfr dk feJ.k jgh gSA bldky dh fpark,a igpku] Hkk"kk vkSj lhekvksads vklikl ?kwerh jgh gSaA

lafoèkku lHkk us VwVs gq, jkT;ksa dk ,dvVwV la?k cuk fn;k] ftlesa 'kq#vkrh o"kks± esai`Fkdrkokn dh dksbZ txg ugha Fkh] ysfdulaoSèkkfud yphysiu us nwljs fdLe ds lekèkkudh [kkst dks Hkh lkeF;Z iznku dhA dqyfeykdj vfuPNqd ls etcwr la?k dh vksj>qdko dh izsj.kk 'kfDr yksdrkaf=kd jktuhfrd

izfØ;k ls vk;h] ftlus Hkkjrh; la?kokn dhokLrfodrkvksa dh mis{kk eqf'dy dh nhA

etcwr dsanzh; <kaps dk yphykiu

etcwr dsanzh; <kapk oLrqr% dkiQh yphykfl¼ gqvk gS] ml fLFkfr esa Hkh tc uomnkjokfn;ksa us vFkZO;oLFkk esa jkT; dk gLr{ksiokil ysus dh ekax dh FkhA fofu;eu dkvFkZ ;g ugha fd fu;eujfgr fodkl gksAu;h Lokèkhu fu;eu ;kaf=kdh us iqjkuh jkT;,tsafl;ksa dk LFkku ys fy;k gSA ;g nwljhckr gS fd bu u;h Lok;Ùk laLFkkvksa dksukVdh; :i ls mÙkjnk;h ugha cuk;k x;k gSAdsUnz us lHkh o`gr vkfFkZd fu;a=kdksa ijvfèkdkj gkfly dj fy;k gSA tgka rdfofu;eu tSls dqN {ks=k ckdh jg x;s gSa]tgka jkT; ds fy;s dkiQh dqN djus dhxqatkb'k ckdh gS] dsUnzh; fu;eu dhvko';drkvksa dks ijs Hkh ugha fd;k x;k gSvkSj ;g dbZ u;s {ks=kksa esa vHkh Hkh tkjh gSaA

lkekftd fofoèkrkvksa vkSj cgqyrkvksa dhizÑfr vkSj fo'kkyrk dks ns[krs gq, ,d etcwrdsUnzh; jkT; esa U;kf;d gLr{ksi dks ges'kkvfuok;Z ekuk x;k gS] rkfd lkekftd lkeatL;cjdjkj j[kk tk ldsA Hkkjrh; la?kh; fodkldk igyk pj.k lkafLFkd midj.kksa ds bf'rgkjhfodkl ds :i esa lkeus vk;k] ftls lg;ksxvkSj leUo; dh vko';drk ds vuq:ifodflr fd;k x;k FkkA ,dnyh; vkfèkiR;us mu pqukSfr;ksa dks èkqaèkyk fd;k] tks vkxsekStwn FkhaA jkT; dh Lok;Ùkrk ds i{kèkjksa ds}kjk ,d etcwr dsUnzh; <kaps dks okLrfod:i ls dksbZ pqukSrh ugha feyh vkSj u gh mlsgVkus dh ekax gqbZ] cfYd os pkgrs Fks fdetcwr jkT; esa ekStwnk <kaps esa gh jkT;ksa dksvfèkd Lok;Ùkrk nh tk;sA

bl ckr dk mYys[k djuk izklafxd gksxkfd ekSfyd Lo:i esa i;kZIr :i ls jkT;ljdkj us cqfu;knh fodklkRed xfrfofèk;ksads fy, foèkk;h 'kfDr;ka vkSj mÙkjnkf;Rofofgr dh xbZ FkhA fiQj Hkh Hkkjrh; lafoèkkudk ekSfyd iBu HkVdkus okyk gksxkA blesadbZ nksgjko gq, gSa] u fliZQ U;k; dh leorhZlwph esa cfYd mu {ks=kksa esa Hkh ftUgsa jkT; dksvuqcafèkr fd, x, gSaA

jkT; ds foÙkh; ladV us dsUnzh; ;kstukvksavkSj jk"Vªh; fe'ku ds izlkj dh laHkkoukvksadks tUe fn;k gSA lwph&111 esa mPpkdka{kkvksads izHkko {ks=k dh ,UVª 20] lkekftd vkSjvkfFkZd ;kstukvksa us igys pj.k esa ;kstukc¼

fodkl ekWMy rS;kj djus dk laoSèkkfudvkèkj rS;kj dj fn;kA 'kfDr vkSj nkf;Roksadk foHkktu egRoiw.kZ eqn~ns cu x;s] ftUgksaus'kq:vkrh dky ds lqèkkjoknh ,tsaMs ds eqn~nsij c<+r gkfly dj yhA tgka la?kh; jktuhfrdiz.kkyh esa 'kfDr vkSj mÙkjnkf;Ro ds caVokjsdk eqn~nk lkekU; rkSj ij fookn dk fo"k;gksrk gS] nksuksa ds chp dh cM+h vlekurk,d fdLe ds ruko dh otg cu ldrh gSA

jkT;ksa ds lkFk la?kh; laokn dks vDljdsUnz iz'kklu vkSj uhfr fu.kZ;ksa }kjk ckfèkrfd;k tkrk gSA dsUnz igys [kkl dk;Z ;kstukij fu.kZ; ys ysrk gS] mlds ckn jkT;ksa lsearO; ekaxs tkrs gSaA fu.kZ; ysus ds cknlgefr cukus dh dksf'k'k gksrh gS] u fdigysA fu.kZ; ysus dh bl izfØ;k dks vDljfojksèk dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA jkT;ksa dsvfèkdkjksa esa c<ksrjh ds mHkjrs ifjizs{; esalykg dk vkf[kjdkj dksbZ vFkZ ugha jgtkrkA t:jh ;g gS fd T;knk lekos'kh fu.kZ;izfØ;k dks veyh tkek iguk;k tk,sA

vleku jkT; vlekurk dh laoSèkkfudekU;rk dh t:jrksa dks c<+kok nsrs gSa] tksla?kh; jkthuhfr esa fcuk ,drk dh Hkkoukdk cfynku fn;s ;k fiQj ,d:irk dksFkksius dk rFkk fofoèkrk dks lqjf{kr j[kusdk jkLrk rS;kj djrs gSa

vlefer la?kokn

vfèkd mÙkjnk;h vkSj lgHkkxh la?kh;yksdra=k ls tqM+s loky ds ckjs esa vleferla?kokn dh èkkj.kk gksrh gSA tSlk fd jktuhfrdvkSj vkfFkZd vlfefr;ka vlefer la?koknij tksj nsrh gSaA tSls gh jktuhfrd vkSjvkfFkZd vlefefr;ka izHkkoh :i ys ysrh gSa],d laoSèkkfud O;oLFkk dh ekax tksj idM+usyxrh gSA Hkkjr esa jkT;ksa dh vlekurk,a vkSjjkT;ksa ds vanj dh {ks=kh;rk us lkekU; :i lsruko vkSj vlarqf"V dks tUe fn;k gSA vleferla?kokn vkSj fo'ks"k ntkZ ds izkoèkkuksa] lkFk esafo'ks"k foÙkh; 'kklu vkSj ykHk vkfn ls dqNgn rd bu leL;kvksa us futkr ikus esalgk;rk dh gSA

fo'ks"k ntsZ ds izkoèkkuksa dk bfrgkl] HkwxksyvkSj laLÑfr ls tqM+s eqn~nksa dks gy djus esami;ksx fd;k tkrk jgk gSaA èkkjk 370 vkSj371 dqN ,sls gh vuqdwfyr laoSèkkfudbathfu;fjax ds mnkgj.k gSA fo'ks"k ntkZ vkSjfo'ks"k ekax vkSj vko';drkvksa dk vuks[kklacaèk dkiQh gn rd gekjh laoSèkkfud laajpuk


ds vax jgs gSaA mi&jkT; Lok;Ùk ftyk ifj"knvkfn ds fefJr fjdkMZ jgs gSaA dqN jkT;cuus dh fn'kk ds lapj.k dsUnz vkSj dqNT;knk LFkk;h lajpukRed o`fÙk ds jgs gSaALo'kklu vkSj lk>k 'kklu dks tksM+dj ns[kusij mÙkj&iwoZ jkT;ksa dk fuekZ.k ,sls gh eqn~nksads mHkkj ds :i esa lkeus vk;k gSA

foÙkh; la?kokn% u;k ea=k

D;k mnkjokn vkSj fofu;eu us dsanz dksetcwr ;k detksj fd;k gS\ D;k bl u;scnys mnkgj.kksa us jktuhfr vkSj jktuhfrdlksp ds fodkl dks ihNs NksM+ fn;k gS\ D;kjkT;ksa ds vfèkdkj ij eaFku jktuhfrd Lok;Ùkrkls vkfFkZd nkosnkjh dh vksj eqM+ pqdk gS\ bulokyksa ds tokc vHkh Hkh vèkj esa gSaA

Hkkjr la?k ds fuekZ.k esa tks fodkl Øeviuk;s x;s] mudk mn~ns'; loZizFke jktuhfrdlqn`<+hdj.k vkSj fiQj ,d lkekU; cktkj dkfuekZ.k djuk Fkk tks vklku dke Fkk] fiQj,d le:i eqnzk dh O;oLFkk] ,d dsanzhÑrcSad dk xBu Fkk] ftldk fua;=k.k vU;o`gr vkfFkZd ladsnzdksa ij FkkA

foÙkh; la?kokn ds vanj ekStwn vlarqyuus gkykafd bl nh?kZ lefUorhdj.k dh izfØ;kds lkeus ubZ ckèkk;sa [kM+h dhaA jkT; lÙkk dsdsUnz cuk;s x;s vkSj varjjkT;h; jktLo dslzksr dks lqpk: j[kus ds fy;s mlds lkFkigy èkhjs&èkhjs eqf'dy gksrh x;hA

Hkkjr ds jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd fodkldk u;k nkSj lu~ 1990 esa mnkjokn ds lkFk'kq: gqvk vkSj cktkj dh rkdrksa dh Hkwfedkc<+rh x;hA bl cnyko us cktkj vkèkkfjrvFkZoLFkk vkSj oSf'od lgefr ij vkèkkfjrjktuhfr ds chp u;s varfoZjksèkksa dks tUefn;kA igys bu rukoksa ds chp eè;LFkrk djusdh Hkwfedk jkT;ksa dh gksrh FkhA jkT; eè;LFkrkdjds cktkj ls ckgj gq, yksxksa dks lekfo"Vdjus esa viuh uhfr;ksa vkSj jktfufrd yksdra=kds ekè;e ls viuh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs FksA

cM+h vkfFkZd vlekurkvksa ds vykokHkkjrh; la?k cM+h {ks=kh; fo"kerkvksa ds fy;sHkh tkuk tkrk gSA ;gka fiQj] HkkSxksfyd :ils vlarqfyr fodkl ds ifj.kkeksa dks larqfyrdjus esa jkT;ksa dh gh izkFkfed Hkwfedk gqvkdjrh FkhA

bl izdkj vkt dh ifjfLFkfr;ka o`gr:i esa nks dkjdksa ds lefUor :i dkifj.kke gSaA vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k lqèkkj dk;ZØevkSj nyh; O;oLFkk dk la?khdj.kA vlekurkvksa

dk c<+rs tkuk vkt ,d tfVy leL;k gSAblh rjg lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd fo"kerkvksadks ns[kk tkrk gS] ;g jkT;ksa dh u;h Hkwfedkvksaesa ,d dsUnzh; fcUnq cudj mHkjk gSA

iwath fuos'k ds cktkj vkoaVu ij fo'oklesa mu jkT;ksa ds chp izfrLièkkZ c<+k nh gS] rksvlarqyu dh ekj >sy jgs gSaA blus ,dizfrLièkhZ la?kokn dks mHkkjk gS] ftlesafØ;kRed voLFkk ds fy;s vHkh i;kZIrlaHkkoukvksa dh deh gSA

jkT;ksa }kjk fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr djus dsfy, gks jgh izfrLièkkZ ds izHkko dks nks Lrjksaij le>k tk ldrk gSA ,d rjiQ jkT;ksa ijncko gS fd os vPNk 'kklu nsa vkSj {kerkvksads lkFk viuk foÙkh; nkf;Ro fuHkk;sa] nwljhrjiQ os mudh fuokZpu yksdfiz;rk esa lq/kjksads udkjkRed ifj.kkeksa ls Hkh okfdiQ gSaA

dk;Zdkjh la?kokn dk fodkl Hkkjrh;la?kh;fodkl dk ,d mYYks[kuh; igyw gSAukSdj'kkgh fodkl ;kstukvksa] bldh :ijs[kkrS;kj djus] yf{kr djus vkSj fØ;kfUor djusds lkFk fodflr gks jgh gSA l'kDrhdj.kvkSj lekos'kh 'kklu ls T;knk fiQygky;kstuk;ksa ds fØ;kUo;u ij T;knk iQksdl gSAlaLFkk,a blh vuqlkj fodflr vkSj O;ofLFkrgksrh tk jgh gSA

LFkkuh; vkdka{kkvksa dk leatu%u;h vfuok;Zrk

lu~ 1990 dks Hkkjr dh jktuhfr dscnyko ds nkSj ds :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gS]ftlus ,d ,slh jktuhfrd iz.kkyh dk jkLrkrS;kj fd;k] tks T;knk la?kh; FkkA la?kh;xBcaèkuksa ls lgHkkfxrk vkSj fu.kZ;ksa dk u;krjhdk fodkflr gqvk] ftls Øe'k% lalnh;iz.kkyh vkSj lafoèkku dks vHkh vkSipkfjdrkSj ij vaxhdkj djuk ckdh gSA

la?kh; xBcaèku ds ekè;e ls jkT; vkèkkfjrnyksa dh 'kfDr vkSj izHkko jk"Vªh; uhfr;karS;kj djus vkSj dsanz&jkT; lacèkksa esa eglwldh x;hA vR;ar egRoiw.kZ ;g gS fd ,djkT; vkSj dbZ jkT; vkèkkfjr ikfVZ;ksa usjktuhfrd izfØ;k ds ekè;e ls jk"Vªh; uhfrfuèkkZj.k esa c<+h gqbZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ] tks mUgksauslgHkkxh la?k dh vkSipkfjd laLFkkvksa dsekè;e ls gkfly ugha fd;k FkkA Ifj.kkeLo:ila?kh; xBcaèku us mUgsa lgHkkxh volj eqgS;kdjk fn,] tks mUgsa iwoZ esa gkfly FksA

bl cnyko ds ihNs nks izeq[k okgd dkjdjgs gSaA igyk] oS'ohdj.k us jktuhfr esa u;s

vk;ke tksM+sA lkFk gh] vkfFkZd lqèkkjksa us jkT;ksadks u;h Hkwfedk vkSj mÙkjnkf;Ro ls tksM+kAnwljk] nyh; iz.kkyh ds la?kokn us] tks ,du;s vk;ke ds :i esa mHkjk Fkk] ,d izfrLièkhZrdZ ds lkFk [kqn dks LFkkfir fd;k] ftls ,dØkafrdkjh fodkl ekuk tk ldrk gSA

jkT; vkèkkfjr nyksa ds jk"Vªh; laetu ds}kjk LFkkuh; vkdka{kkvksa dh LFkkiuk dbZ ppkZvksads ckn lkeus vk;k] tks bl fookn dk dsanzfcanq gSA cgqLrjh; lacèkksa ls mHkjh ,d tfVylÙkk lk>snkjh bl iwjh iz.kkyh dks ,d lkFkcuk;s j[kus esa ,d egRoiw.kZ dkjd gSA

,d nwljs cM+s fopkj dh vksj ns[ksa] tksml dky esa vk;k] og gS] LFkkuh; Lo'kkluesa lÙkk dk dsanzhdj.kA ;g fopkj lafoèkku ds73osa la'kksèku ds :i esa foèkk;h vkdkj ysik;k vkSj ftlls la?kh; <kaps ds rhljs Lrj dkslaoSèkkfud ekU;rk feyhA (1992&95)A

gkykafd bldk vFkZ ;g ugha gS fdcgqLrjh; la?kokn ,d tehuh okLrfodrk gS;k fiQj fudV Hkfo"; esa ,slk laHko gSA ;gmYys[k djuk t:jh gS fd jkT;ksa esa] [kkldjblds vanj jktuhfrd rcds vkSj ukSdj'kkghesa l'kDr fgr fufgr gS] tks bl fodsanzhdj.kdks jksdrs gSaA ukxfjd lekt laLFkk,a vkSjLoSfPNd {ks=kksa ds lkFk dke dj jgh iapk;riz.kkyh dk Øfed fodkl la?kh; ikfjHkkf"kdfodkl ekuk tk ldrk gSA bl Lrj ij n`<+jgk ncko oknk djrk gS fd ;g lkafLFkdlajpuk esa fodkl djus dks izfrc¼ gSA

u;h lnh dh pqukSfr;ka

Hkkjrh; la?kokn dh dk;Ziz.kkyh dh leh{kkdjus ds ckn vc ge u;h lnh esa bldslkeus vk jgh pqukSfr;ksa dh vksj #[k djrsgSaA tSlk fd gkfy;k vè;;u b'kkjk djrs gSa]D;k lÙkk dk fodsanzhdj.k dsanz ls jkT;ksa dhjktèkkfu;ksa vkSj vkxs blls Hkh uhps ftysvkSj iapk;r Lrj rd gks jgk gS\ bu nkoksa dsi{k esa tks lk{; lkeus vk;s gSa muds vuqlkj{ks=kh;rk vkSj tkrh;rk vkèkkfjr nyksa dkmHkkj gqvk gS vkSj ns'k ds dbZ fgLlksa lsvyx jkT; dh ekax mB [kM+h gqbZ gSAledkyhu rF;ksa ds vkyksd esa vk,] bu#>kuksa dk vkdyu djsaA

lkaLÑfrd vlfg".kqrk ds mHkkj us la?kh;yksdra=k ds cgqlkaLÑfrd rkus ckus ds lkeus[krjk iSnk dj fn;k gSA nks cM+s eqn~ns vulqy>sgSaA ,d eqn~nk fdukjs j[kk tkrk gS vkSj blsdkuwu (jk"Vªifr 'kklu) vkSj jktuhfrd izfØ;k


ls lqy>k;k tkrk gSA jkT; ds dkuwuksa dks fopkjk/hu j[kus dhjkT;iky dh 'kfDr;ksa dks ysdj vHkh Hkh fookn tkjh gS] ysfdu blekeys esa fu;eksa dks èkhjs&èkhjs lqpk: cuk;k tk jgk gSA

igyk] igpku vkèkkfjr eqn~nk% ;g eqn~nk nwljs jkT; iquZxBuvk;ksx dh ekax ds :i esa lkeus vk;k vkSj lkFk gh Lo'kklu dhekax ds vkèkkj ij la?kh; iz.kkyh dh lhekvksa ij iqufoZpkj ds :iesa HkhA rsyaxkuk jkT; dk fuekZ.k gks pqdk gS] ysfdu fonHkZ dslkFk&lkFk mÙkj izns'k lfgr vU; jkT;ksa ds iquxZBu dk eqn~nk vHkhHkh thfor gSA

nwljk] lalkèku lacaèkh ruko% ty lalkèku] nh?kkZofèk ls yafcrvarjkZT;h; unh ty fookn (dkosjh ueZnk) vkSj cjkcjh ds iQkWeZwysds rgr xSj&cjkcjh ls tw> jgs jkT;ksa ds fy, {kfriwfrZ dk elykAbuds lkFk&lkFk vU; ekaxksa esa o`grj Lok;Ùkrk vkSj vius fu;a=k.kokys lalkèkuksa ij Lo'kklu izeq[k gSA

gkykafd ;s vHkh thoar eqn~ns gSa] u;h lnh ds la?kh; lqèkkj ,tsaMsesa tks vU; izeq[k eqn~ns tksj idM+ ldrs gSa] os gSa foÙkh; lalkèkuksadk iqujkoaVu vkSj foÙkh; iz.kkyh dk o`gr cnykoA jkT;ksa dh rqyukesa dsanz ljdkj ds dj jktLo esa mYys[kuh; o`f¼ us mè;Z vkSj {kSfrtnksuksa gh :iksa ds vkoaVu ij è;ku vkdf"kZr fd;k gSA

jkT; vkèkkfjr nyksa dh 'kfDr;ksa vkSj muds izHkko esa o`f¼ dsanzjkT; lacaèkksa dks laokjus esa izkFkfed rkSj ij Hkwfedk fuHkkrh Fkh vkSj;g dsanz esa xBcaèku ljdkj ds :i esa lkeus vkrk FkkA egRoiw.kZ :ils dqN nyksa us ,d jktuhfrd izfØ;k ds rgr jk"Vªh; uhfr;ka cukusesa viuh Hkwfedk T;knk c<+k yh] tks os lgHkkxh la?k ds vkSipkfjdlaLFkkvksa esa gkfly ugha dj ik;s FksA blds izHkko Lo:i la?kh;xBcaèku us mUgsa lgHkkxh volj iznku fd;s gSa] tks mUgs iwoZ dhlaLFkkvksa tSls fo?kfVr ;kstuk vk;ksx vkSj jkT; fodkl ifj"kn vkSj;gka rd fd varj jkT;h; ifj"kn esa Hkh gkfly ugha FksA ;g eqn~nkfliQZ lykg dk ugha cfYd mu {ks=kksa esa okftc fgrksa dk Hkh gSA

pqukSfr;ka vc jkT;ksa dh mu u;s rjhds ls lgHkkfxrk vkSjlgwfy;rksa dh gSa] rkfd mUgsa jk"Vªh; uhfr;ksa ds dk;kZUo;u ds rgrizeq[k {ks=kksa tSls] fctyh] lM+d vkSj cqfu;knh ukxfjd lqfoèkkvksa dsizHkkoh fØ;kUo;u esa Hkkxhnkj cuk;k tk ldsA cgqnyh; iz.kkyh vkSjjk"Vªh; 'kklu esa xBcaèku ds lanHkZ esa ;g vkSj Hkh vko';d gks tkrkgSA gekjh jktuhfrd iz.kkyh bls gkfly djus esa dqN gn rd l{kegS] ysfdu ,d izHkkoh lkafLFkd O;oLFkk dk vHkh rd dksbZ fodYiekStwn ugha gSA

la?kh; yksdra=k esa yksdrkaf=kd fodkl dk rdZ 'kklu esa dbZiz;ksxksa dk fgek;rh gS] c'krsZ os lafoèkku ds cqfu;knh ewY; vkSjblds Lo:iksa ds izfr lEeku j[ksaA lhfer rkSj ij iz'kklfud rkSjrjhdksa vkSj rduhd esa ;g iz;ksx dqN gn rd liQy jgk gS vkSjjkT;ksa esa Ldwyksa esa eè;kÉ Hkkstu vkSj Hkwfe ewY; iz.kkyh ds leqfprO;ogkj ns[ks tk jgs gSaA

gkykafd jkT;ksa }kjk iz;ksxkRed rjhds ls oSdfYid jkLrksa dhryk'k dh {kerkvksa dks dsanzhÑr la?kh; iz.kkyh }kjk lhfer dj fn;kx;k gSA T;knk rY[k fo"k; ;g gS fd jk"Vªh; ;k jktuhfr vkèkkfjrnyksa dk vkpj.k jkT;ksa dh {ks=kh; ikfVZ;ksa us vf[r;kj dj fy;k gSAmUgksus dsanzhÑr la?kokn esa vius nkosnkjh fodflr dj yh gS vkSjcM+s nyksa ds y?kq laLdj.k cu x;s gSaA dqy feykdj okLrfod :iesa muds ikl fodYi ds uke ij dqN ugha gSA �

YH - 316/2014


loha lnh ds 5osa n'kd dsnkSjku tc ,f'k;k vkSj vÚhdkds uoLora=k jkT; vkSifuosf'kd

izo`fr;ksa ls Lora=k gks jgs FksA ml le; Hkkjrigyk uoLora=k jkT; cuk ftlus lalnh;la?kh; <akps dks lafoèkku lHkk esa Lohdkjfd;kA Hkkjr esa la?kh; O;oLFkk fefJr jktufrd]lkekftd vkanksyuksa dh nsu FkhA vkSifuosf'kdle; ds dbZ lkekftd iz'kkldh; lqèkkj tksfczfV'k 'kklu dh nsu jgs] bUgksaus 20oha lnhds izkjfEHkd n'kdksa esa ,d jktuhfrd vkanksyudk :i ys fy;kA Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl dsdjkph vfèkos'ku (1931) eksrhyky usg:desVh fjiksVZ (1928) lizw desVh fjiksVZ(1945) Hkkjrh; 'kklu vfèkfu;e (1935)Hkkjrh; Lora=krk vfèkfu;e (1947) vkfnO;oLFkkvksa dk laoSèkkfud lHkk esa opZLojgk vkSj bUgha fopkjksa dks O;ogkfjd :i nsrsgq, 24 tuojh 1950 dk LohÑr lafoèkkutks 26 tuojh 1950 dks ykxw gqvk] Hkkjrh;'kklu O;oLFkk esa la?kh; O;oLFkk dh 'kq:vkrgqbZA lafoèkku lHkk esa MªkÝV desVh ds vè;{kMk- Hkhejko vacsMdj vkSj vafrje ljdkjds izèkkuea=kh ia- tokgjyky usg: vktknHkkjr esa ,dhd`r 'kklu O;oLFkk ds i{kèkjFks fdarq cYyHkHkkbZ iVsy la?kh; O;oLFkk dsi{kèkj FksA blds ihNs mudk Hkkjrh; fj;k;rksaesa ,dhdj.k ds iz;kl vkSj mlesa vkbZ ckèkkvksals :&c&: gksuk Fkk tks ckj&ckj fofHkUurkvksadks ,drk ds lkFk feykdj pyus ds iz;klds en~nsutj le>uk pkfg,A

okLro esa tc ge laoSèkkfud lHkk esa pysfooknksa dk vè;;u djrs gSa rc gesa lw{kerkds lkFk ,d lR; dks izfrfcac ekudj pyukiM+sxk vkSj og gS fczfV'k Hkkjr dk foHkktu

Hkkjrh; la?kokn% Lok;Ùkrk cuke i`Fkdrk

lkSjHk nqcs

ch ftlus uolftr lafoèkku ij lcls T;knkeuksoSKkfud vlj Mkyk vkSj vktknh ds 68o"kks± rd vkt dh dbZ folaxfr;ksa dh laoSèkkfudfLFkfr;ksa ds fy, ;g foHkktu ftEesnkj jgkALi"V rkSj ij Hkkjrh; la?kokn dk laoSèkkfudizpkyu rFkk bldh fØ;kRed folaxfr bldk,d Toyar mnkgj.k gSA

fczfV'k 'kkludky ds nkSjku 1935 dsvf/fu;e ds igys ds lHkh dkuwu etcwrdsanzh; 'kklu dks c<+kok nsus okys jgs ysfdu1935 ds ,DV esa igyh ckj la?kokn dsy{k.k lkeus vk;sA la?kokn dh laoSèkkfudfLFkfr dks igyh ckj c<+kok feyk ysfduHkkjrh; lekt ,oa jktfufr dh fofHkUurkvksadks le>rs gq, fczfV'k ljdkj la?kh; <akpsdh txg ;wfu;u 'kCn dks rjthg ns jgh FkhAdSfcusV fe'ku Iyku fØIl Iyku esa ;wfu;u'kCn ij gh tksj fn;k x;kA

15 vxLr 1947 ds ckn etcwr dsanzh;O;oLFkk dks viukus ds ihNs tks rdZ lkeusvk;s muesa izeq[kr;k jk"Vªh; lqj{kk] [kk|kUuladV loksZifj FksA nwljh ,d otg ftldsdkj.k ,dhÑr 'kklu O;oLFkk dks T;knkroTtks nsus ds ihNs izkarh; izfrfufèk;ksa dsdetksj rdZ Hkh jgsA laiw.kZ Hkkjr esa vf[kyHkkjrh; dkaxzsl dk opZLo Fkk vkSj muds tksizkarh; izfrfufèk Fks muds chp dsanzh; usr`Rods lkeus viuh fLFkfr etcwr djuk izkFkfeddk;Z FkkA izkarh; ftEesnkfj;ka ;k izfrfufèkRoxkS.k jgkA ftldh otg ls Hkh lafoèkku lHkkesa etcwr dsanz dh odkyr T;knk jghA

nwljs dqN fo"k; uoksfnr lafoèkku dhvkRek cudj mHkjs ftlds dkj.k la?kokndh Hkkouk dks njfdukj djuk iM+k vkSjftlds dkj.k ckn ds Lora=k Hkkjr esa tkfrokn]

Lok;Ùkrk

ys[kd fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ds 'kghn Hkxr flag lkaè; egkfo|ky; esa jktuhfr foKku foHkkx ds lgk;d izkè;kid gSaA lkekftd&jktuhfrd fo"k;ksa ij fofHkUu'kks/&i=kksa esa yxkrkj fy[k jgs gSaA bZesy% [email protected]

vkt ge lafoèkku dh

fØ;kRedrk vkSj la?kh; <kaps

ds vanj Lok;Ùkrk ds iz'u ij

fopkj djrs gSa rks ge dgha u

dgha bl mfDr dks lgh ikrs

gSa fd la?kokn dksbZ laLFkk ugha

gS cfYd lrr izfØ;k gSA bl

izfØ;k ds LoLFk u gksus ds

dkj.k fiNys 68 o"kks± esa geus

dbZ rjhds dh vyxkooknh

izo`fÙk;ksa dks Lok;Ùkrk ds uke

ij jktuhfr vkSj uktk;t

ekaxksa dks iuirs ns[kk


vyxkookn] lkaiznkf;drk] rqf"Vdj.k ds :iesa ckn dh ihf<+;ksa us >sykA ewyHkwr vfèkdkjmUgha esa ls ,d jgsA lafoèkku lHkk esa ia-usg: us ewyHkwr vfèkdkjksa dh odkyr djrsgq, dgk fd vfèkdkjksa dh j{kk dk nkf;Rodsanzh; ljdkj dk gS vkSj bUgsa iksf"kr Hkhdsanzh; ljdkj gh djsxhA

okLro esa] tc vkt ge lafoèkku dhfØ;kRedrk vkSj la?kh; <kaps ds vanj Lok;Ùkrkds iz'u ij fopkj djrs gSa rks ge dgha udgha bl mfDr dks lgh ikrs gSa fd la?kokndksbZ laLFkk ugha gS cfYd lrr izfØ;k gSAbl izfØ;k ds LoLFk u gksus ds dkj.k fiNys68 o"kks± esa geus dbZ rjhds dh vyxkooknhizo`fÙk;ksa dks Lok;Ùkrk ds uke ij jktuhfrvkSj uktk;t ekaxksa dks iuirs ns[kkA lafoèkkulHkk esa ia- usg: us dgk Fkk fd la?kh; <akpkfdlh iz'kklfud lqfoèkk ds fy, ugha gScfYd ;g ,d lS¼kafrd ewY; gSA dksbZ Hkhfl¼kar ekuork ds fgr esa tc rd dk;Zdjrk gS rHkh rd og 'kwU; gS vU;Fkk og,d O;FkZ dk rek'kk cu tkrk gSA lkekU;r%fdlh Hkh jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dk dk;Ziz'kkldh; vlqfoèkk dks nwj dj izfrfufèk'kklu iz.kkyh dks LFkkf;Ro nsuk jgrk gSysfdu jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dh izklafxdrkgVkdj ,d tquwuh vkxzg ml O;oLFkk dsnqjkxzgh gksus dh izfØ;k dks jksd ugha ikrhA

laoSèkkfud izkoèkkuksa us fofèkd] iz'kkldh;vkSj foÙkh; O;oLFkkvksa dks lafoèkku esa ,detcwr dsanzh;d`r iz.kkyh dks tUe fn;k vkSjmlds ckn vkikrdkyhu izkoèkkuksa us blsvkSj etcwr fd;kA O;ogkfjd rkSj ij 1967rd bl etcwr dsanzh;Ñr O;oLFkk dks dkaxszlds opZLo us vkSj iuius fn;kA yksdra=k dkvafre è;s; gj O;fDr] gj laLFkk dks iw.kZr%Lok;Ùkrk cukuk gS] fiQj vkf[kj D;k otgjgh dh Lora=k Hkkjr esa Lok;Ùkrk ds fo"k;dks ysdj yksxksa esa ,d vyx Hkko us tUe ysfy;k vkSj ;s dc i`Fkdrk ds lkFk tqM+rhpyh x;hA bls ge foLrkj ls ppkZ djsaxsA

vktkn Hkkjr esa Lok;Ùk iz'kklu okysdqN {ks=k gSa tgka dh fo"ke HkkSxksfyd vkSjlkekftd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq,bUgsa dqN fo'ks"k iz'kkldh; vfèkdkj fn;sx;s tSls cksxsrsM+ lhekorhZ ifj"kn dkchZ vkaxyksaxLok;Ùk ifj"kn] mÙkjh dNkj igkM+h Lok;Ùkftyk ifj"kn vle esa] tEew vkSj d'ehj esa]yn~nk[k Lok;Ùk igkM+h fodkl ijf"kn

djfxy&ysg esa] xkjks] t;afr;k vkSj [kklhigkM+h Lok;Ùk ftyk ifj"kn es?kky; esa] f=kiqjktutkfr {ks=k Lok;Ùk ftyk ifj"kn] pdekyky ,oa ekjk Lok;Ùk ftyk ifj"kn fetksjeesaA nkthZfyax&xksj[kk igkM+h ifj"kn if'pecaxky esa vkfn Hkkjr esa Lok;Ùk {ks=k gSaA

cksMksySaM lhekorhZ ifj"kn vle ds pkjftyksa esa uhfr;ksa ds {ks=k esa fo/kf;d]iz'kklfud] vkfFkZd ,oa dk;Zdkjh 'kfDr;kabLrseky dj ldrh gSA bu lHkh izkoèkkuksadks 1995 esa Hkkjr ljdkj ,oa cksMks fonzksfg;ksads chp 'kkafr okrkZ ds rgr fd;k x;k FkkA;s lHkh fodkl dh lajpuk,a dkchZ vkaxyksaxLok;Ùk ifj"kn ds vfèkdkj {ks=k esa vkrh gSaAdjfxy vkSj ysg yn~nk[k mu rhu ftyksa esals vkrs gSa ftu ij yn~nk[k Lok;Ùk igkM+hfodkl ifj"kn dk fu;a=k.k gSA LAHDC dkfuekZ.k 1995 esa bl en~nsutj fd;k x;k Fkkfd yn~nk[k ds yksx èkkfeZd vkSj lkaLÑfrdvarjksa ds dkj.k ysg dks ,d la?kh; 'kkflr{ks=k cukus dh ekax dj jgs FksA f=kiqjk tutkrh;{ks=k Lok;Ùk ftyk ifj"kn jkT; dk ,d Lok;Ùkifj"kn gS tks tutkfr ds fy;s cuk;k x;k gSAnkthZfyax xksj[kk igkM+h ifj"kn dk fuekZ.k1988 esa xksj[kk jk"Vªh; eqfDr ekspkZ dh ekax]tks fd ,d jkT; ds ntsZ ds fy;s Fkh] ijgqvkA fiQj Hkh xksj[kk igkM+h ifj"kn ds iklLok;Ùkrk ds uke ij lhfer vfèkdkj gSAvle iquZO;ofLFkr (es?kky;) ,DV 1979ds }kjk es?kky; dks jkT; dk ntkZ fn;k x;kA

Hkkjr esa dsanzh; ljdkj us jkT; dhfoèkkulHkk esa iw.kZ] vèkZiw.kZ rFkk lhfer vfèkdkjfn;s gSA ;s lkjs fo'ks"k vfèkdkj lafoèkku dsNBh vuwlwph ds vuqlkj fn;s x;s gSaA vle]es?kky;] f=kiqjk] fetksje ds tutkrh; {ks=kksadk iz'kklu lafoèkku dh vuq- 224(2) ,oa275(1) ds rgr fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k gS tksfd Hkkjrh; ,oa {ks=kh; ljdkj ds Lok;Ùkftys Lok;Ùk {ks=kh; ljdkj rkYyqd j[krk gSA

ljdkfj;k lhfer dh fjiksVZ ls okLro esaadsanz jkT; lacèkksa esa dksbZ cM+k cnyko vkusdh mEehn Fkh Hkh ugha vkSj gqvk Hkh dqN,slk ghA ftu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ;s fjiksVZ vk;hml le; Lok;Ùkrk ds iz'u ij fopkj djukxkS.k FkkA vyxkooknh izo`fÙk;ka tks 1980 dsn'kdksa esa iSj iQSyk jgh Fkh ogka Lok;Ùkrk dks,d nwljs gh utfj;k ls ns[kus dk flyflykpy iM+k FkkA okLro esa dksbZ Hkh jktuhfrdO;oLFkk fo'ks"kdj izfrfufèkd ljdkjksa esa ogka

ljdkj dh dk;Ziz.kkyh vkSj jktuhfrd ikfVZ;ksadh fo'oluh;rk ij fuHkZj djrh gSA la?kokndh ewy voèkkj.kk gh 'kfDr;ksa ds fodsanzhdj.kdh Hkkouk ij fuHkZj gSA Hkkjrh; lafoèkku usla?kh; <kaps dks pkgs tks :i fn;k gks] ysfduLok;Ùkrk ds iz'u dks vkt Hkkjrh; jktuhfrdO;oLFkk ftl Lo:i ls fuèkkZfjr djrh gS]og dgha u dgha dsnzh; Lrj ij {ks=kh;Hkkoukvksa ds lkFk ,d nksgjsiu dk gh lcwrgSA Hkk"kk;h vkèkkj ij jkT;ksa ds fuekZ.k dhizfØ;k us jktuhfrd ,dhdj.k ds iz;klksadks Bsl gh iagqpk;h gS] ftlds ckn ls ghLok;Ùkrk dh ekax dks i`Fkdrk ds Hk; ls'kkfCnd rkSj ij fu:fir fd;k x;kA

vxj {ks=kh;rk dks ge dkaxzsl ikVhZ dslkaxBfud pfj=k ds rkSj ij ns[krs gSa rks gesaHkkjrh; jktuhfr dk ,d vyx gh la;ksxns[kus dks feyrk gSA jtuh dksBkjh ds 'kCnksa esaftl dkaxzsl ikVhZ O;oLFkk dks ge ns[krs gSamlds dbZ iM+ko Hkkjrh; la?kokn dh Hkkoukdks vyx gh <ax ls izHkkfor djrs utj vkrsgSaA dkaxzsl ikVhZ O;oLFkk tSls&tSls dsanzh;dj.kdh izofÙk viukrh jgh Hkkjrh; jktuhfrdO;oLFkk nyxr rkSj ij mlh vuqikr esafodsanzhÑr gksrh utj vkrh gSA cYyHkHkkbZiVsy vkSj dkiQh gn rd usg: ;qx esa Hkhdkaxszl ikVhZ ds lkaxBfud Lrj ij fodsanzhdj.kdh izofÙk ns[kus dks feyrh gS ftuesa ftykdkaxzsl desVh ds yksx izns'k dkaxzsl desVh dslnL; pqurs Fks] vkSj blh izns'k dkaxzsl desVhds lnL; izns'k vè;{k] foèkkulHkk esa ny dsusrk vkSj vf[ky Hkkjrh; dkaxzsl desVh dslnL; pqurs FksA bl desVh ds lnL; ghdkaxzsl dk;Zlfefr ds lnL; pqurs Fks tksdkaxzsl dh lcls izHkko'kkyh lfefr gksrh gSA

ij usg: ;qx ds ckn ;s izfØ;k yksdrkaf=kdu jgdj dsanzh;dj.k dh izo`fÙk dk f'kdkjgks xbZA dkaxzsl ds vanj lakxBfud rkSj ijyksdra=k funsZf'kr gks x;k vkSj Bhd blh dsfoijhr Hkkjrh; jktuSfrd O;oLFkk esa {ks=kh;ekaxksa vkSj laHkkoukvksa us vius iSj ilkjus'kq: fd;sA rfeyukMq] i- caxky] vksfM'kk]vkaèkzizns'k] egkjk"Vª vkfn dbZ jkT;ksa esa usg:;qx ds ckn u;s jktuhfrd ny viuk izHkkoiQSykus yxs ftudk ewy fl¼kar dkaxzsl fojksèkdh vkM+ esa l'kDr dsanzh;dj.k dh izofÙk dkspqukSrh nsuk jgkA Hkk"kk] laLÑfr] fo'ks"k {ks=kh;ekaxksa ls Lok;Ùkrk dh ekaxksa dks c<+kok feykAdbZ jkT;ksa esa ;s Lok;Ùkrk dh ekax dsoy dqN


iz'kklfud vfèkdkjksa dh ekaxksa rd gh lhferjgh tSls iwoksZÙkj jkT;ksa esa ljdkj] tcfd dqNtxg bl ubZ jktuhfrd izofÙk us iFkdrk dhekax dks Hkh etcwr fd;kA

bl dM+h esa gesa nks jkT;ksa dks vyx&vyxfo'ysf"kr djus dh t:jr gSA izFke] iatkc esa[kkfyLrku vkanksyu dh ekax vkSj izofÙk jghAHkk"kk;h vkSj èkkfeZd vkèkkj ij iFkd [kkyhLrkudh ekax dgha u dgha dsnzh; ljdkj dhvliQyrk dks gh n'kkZrh gSA ftlds dkj.kiatkc ,d n'kd rd vkardokn dh pisV esajgkA Lok;Ùkrk dh vkM+ esa i`Fkdrkoknhekufldrkvksa ds voSèk rkSj ij ikyus&iks"kusdh izofÙk us dbZ funksZ"kksa dks vlkef;d eR;qdh dxkj ij yk fn;k FkkA nwljk mnkgj.kLok;Ùkrk ds uke ij iFkdrkoknh rkdrksa dksikyus&iks"kus dk tEew ,oa d'ehj jkT; dk gS]tks fczfV'k Hkkjr ds caVokjs ds ckn gh uklwjcuk gqvk gSA okLro esa tc ge bl jkT; dhHkkjrh; la?k ds vanj dksbZ foospuk djrs gSarc ge rkRdkfyd ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks è;ku esaj[kdj dfFkr cqf¼thfo;ksa ds c;kuksa rd ghlhfer jg tkrs gSa vkSj T;knk ls T;knk dsanzljdkj ds vHkh rd ds iz;klksa dks gh le>ukpkgrs gSa tcfd bl jkT; ds ckjs esa lgh esa,d 'kS{kf.kd foospuk djus dh t:jr gSftlds vHkko esa bl jkT; ds ckjsa esa dbZfeFkdksa us tUe ys fy;kA iQyLo:i tEew ,oad'ehj jkT; dk ftl rd vkfFkZd] jktuhfrd,oa lkaLÑfrd ,dhdj.k gksuk pkfg, Fkk ogugha gqvkA

loZizFke gesa tEew ,oa d'ehj dks nksle; varjky ij le>uk gksxkA izFke] 1947ds igys ds lkezkT;oknh Hkw&jktuhfrd [ksyds ifjizs{; esa bl dqfRlr dwVuhfr us ghHkkjr ds foHkktu dk jkLrk fu"daVd cuk;kAv[k aM Hk kjr dh varjjk"V ª h; lhekviQxkfuLrku ls feyrh FkhA viQxkfuLrkulksfo;r la?k vkSj Hkkjr ds chp ,d iqy dkdk djrk FkkA f}rh; fo'o ;q¼ ds le; gh,d dqfVy dwVuhfr ds rgr Hkkjr foHkktudh :ijs[kk rS;kj dj yh x;h Fkh ftllsHkkjrh; Hkw{ks=k lksfo;r la?k ls nwj vo';aHkkohFkkA tEew ,oa d'ehj jkT; blh dwVuhfr dkf'kdkj gqvkA Hkkjrh; Lora=krk vfèkfu;e esalHkh ns'kh fj;klrksa dks v?kksf"kr rkSj ij ;gfunsZ'k Fkk fd ;k Hkkjr ;k ikfdLrku esa'kkfey gksA 'krZ dsoy HkkSxksfyd tqM+ko FkkA1947 ds caVokjs ds ckn tc ikfdLrku ds

lSfudksa us dck;fy;ksa ds Hks"k esa tEew ,oad'ehj jkT; ij vkØe.k fd;k rks Hkkjrh;lgk;rk ds fy;s egkjkt gfjflag us Hkkjr lsenn dh xqgkj yxkbZA Hkkjrh; la?k esa 'kkfeygksus ds nLrkost ij gLr{kj ds ckn (2vDVwcj 1947) Hkkjrh; lsuk us ikfdLrkuhlSfudksa dks ohjrkiwoZd [knsM+uk 'kq: fd;kA

;gha ls tEew ,oa d'ehj jkT; ds ckjs esafeFkdksa dk fuekZ.k 'kq: gqvkA izeq[k :i lsrhu feFkd x<+s x;s Lok;Ùrk ds uke ijAigyk] vuqPNsn&370 tEew ,oa d'ehj jkT;dks ,d fo'ks"k ntkZ nsrk gSA nwljk] tEew ,oad'ehj dk foy; viw.kZ] l'krZ ,oa fookfnrgSA rhljk] d'ehj iwjs tEew ,oa d'ehj dkizfrfufèkRo djrk gS vkSj ;g Hkkjr ls Lora=kgksuk pkgrk gSA okLro esa vuqPNsn 370 Hkkjrh;lafoèkku esa tEew ,oa d'ehj jkT; ds fy;sfd;k x;k vfrfjDr izkoèkku gSA ftruh Hkhns'kh fj;klrsa Fkha mudk Hkkjr esa foy; j{kk]lapkj vkSj oSnsf'kd lacaèk tSls rhu eqn~nksa ijgqvk FkkA blds i'pkr~ ;g r; fd;k x;k fdHkkjr ,d ifjla?k gksxk vkSj lafoèkku fuekZ.kdh izfØ;k esa lgHkkfxrk jgsxhA fj;klrsa la?kh;lafoèkku dk fuekZ.k la?kh; lafoèkku lHkk }kjkfd;k tk;sxkA bls iwjk gksus ds ckn fj;klrsaviuh lafoèkku lHkkvksa }kjk bldk vuqeksnudj bls ykxw dj ldrh FkhaA

Hkkjrh; lafoèkku lHkk }kjk 1949 esa viukdk;Z iw.kZ fd;s tkus ds le; dsoy rhujkT;ksa eSlwj] =kko.kdksj&dksphu vkSj lkSjk"Vªesa gh lafoèkku lHkk dk xBu gks ldkA rciz'u mBk fd Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dk vuqeksnuizR;sd jkT; }kjk fdl rjg fd;k tk;sA ;gfu.kZ; fy;k x;k fd 'kkld ,d mn~?kks"k.kkdjds la?kh; lafoèkku dks LohÑr dj ldsxkAjkT;ksa ds fy, Hkh ,d lafoèkku rS;kj djvuq- 298 ds :i esa la?kh; lafoèkku esa ghlekfo"V dj fy;k x;kA

mi izèkkuea=kh ljnkj iVsy us vDVwcj esalafoèkku lHkk esa ?kks"k.kk dh fd os lHkh jkT;ftUgksaus vHkh rd lafoèkku lHkkvksa dk xBuugha fd;k gSA mudh izFke fuokZfprfoèkkulHkk;sa gh mudh lafo/ku lHkk ekuhtk,axhA og vxj la'kksèku ds fy, dqNizLrko j[ksaxh rks muij lgkuqHkwfriwoZd fopkjfd;k tk,xkA blds ckn og la?kh; lafo/kudks vius {ks=k esa ykxw dj ldsaxhA

tEew ,oa d'ehj esa bl le; dqN pyjgk FkkA blds dqN fgLlksa ij ikfdLrku dk

voSèk dCtk gks pqdk FkkA blds pyrs jkT;dh foèkkulHkk dk xBu laHko ugha FkkAblds pyrs la;qDr jk"Vª lqj{kk ifj"kn esa Hkhekeyk py jgk Fkk vkSj ogka ij geus dqNokns Hkh dj fn;s FksA Hkkjr us dqN iwoZ 'krks±ds lkFk lqj{kk ifj"kn esa tuer laxzg djkusdh izfrc¼rk O;Dr dj nh Fkh tuer laxzgds fcuk lafo/ku dks ykxw fd;s tkus lsopuHkax dh fLFkfr iSnk gks tkrh rc rdgekjs ikl dsoy ,d varfje iz.kkyh FkhAjkT; ds jhtsaV MkW- d.kZ flag] tks fd jkT; esa'kkldh; eqf[k;k Hkh Fks us 25 uoacj dks ,dmn~?kks"k.kk dj la?kh; lafo/ku dks LohÑfriznku dj nhA fdarq yksxksa dk izfrfufèkRodjus okyh laLFkk iztk lHkk ds e`rizk; gksusvkSj lafo/ku lHkk ds xBu dk dksbZ Hkhvolj u gksus ds dkj.k Hkkjrh; lafo/kudks tEew ,oa d'ehj esa ykxw djus ds fy,,d varfje O;oLFkk ds :i esa la?kh; lafo/ku lHkk ds vuq- 370 ds :i esa ,d vLFkkbZlaØe.kh; izkoèkku dk fuekZ.k fd;kA xksikyLokeh vk;axj us ,d elfonk rS;kj djftls 306 , ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS]Hkkjrh; lafo/ku lHkk ds le{k izLrqr fd;k]ftlds micaèk Fks

(d) egkjktk gfj flag }kjk dh xbZ 5ekpZ 1948 dh mn~?kks"k.kk }kkjk ifjHkkf"krjkT; ljdkj dh lgkuqHkwfr vkSj lykg lsHkkjrh; lafo/ku esa izLrqr fgLlksa dks tEew,oa d'ehj esa rqjar ykxw fd;k tk;sxkA

([k) la?kh; lafo/ku ls lacaèkh eqn~nksa ijfopkj&foe'kZ djus ds fy, ,d lHkk dkxBu fd;k tk;sxkA

(x) lafo/ku lHkk dks iwjh rjg LohÑrvkSj ykxw fd;s tkus ds ckn rFkk lafo/ku lHkkvuqeksfnr fd;s tkus ds ckn jk"Vªifr vuq- 370dks ,d vkns'k tkjh dj fujLr dj nsaxs vFkokviuh bPNk ds vuqlkj ifjorZu djsaxsA

tEew ,oa d'ehj lafo/ku lHkk dkdk;Z 1957 esa iw.kZ gqvk] mlds ckn vuq-370 dks gVuk pkfg, Fkk] ij ;g Hkkjr esavkt rd tkjh le>kSrksa o nqHkkX;iw.kZ jktuhfrdk lcls [kjkc mnkgj.k gS vkSj Hkzkedizpkj ds dkj.k bls fo'ks"k micaèk ds rkSjij izpkfjr fd;k x;kA

2013 rd Hkkjrh; lafo/ku ds ek=k 260vuqPNsnksa dks tEew ,oa d'ehj esa ykxw fd;ktk ldk gSA Hkkjrh; lafo/ku esa 444 vuqPNsngSa] 22 èkkjk,a gSa] 13 vuqlwfp;ka gSa vkSj 118


la'kksèku gq, gSaA vuqPNsn 370 dk nq#i;ksxblls gh lkfcr gksrk gS fd vusd yksddY;k.kdkjh izkoèkku tEew ,oa d'ehj esadsoy blfy, ykxw ugha fd;s x;s D;ksafd osjkT; ljdkj dks tokcnsg Bgjkrs gSa] bldsfoijhr vuq- 370 dh vkM+ esa dqN izkoèkku,sls Hkh tksM+ fn;s x;s tks Hkkjrh; lafo/kudh ewy Hkkouk ls esy ugha [kkrs gSaA

nwljk] Hkkjr esa tEew ,oa d'ehj dkfoy; laiw.kZ vkSj vafre gS] tEew ,oa d'ehjjkT; }kjk Hkh mUgha fu;eksa fofu;eksa vkSjdkxth dk;Zokgh dk ikyu fd;k x;k Fkkftudk vuqlj.k eSlwj] Xokfy;j] ifV;kyk]dksphu vkSj vU; lHkh fj;klrksa }kjk fd;kx;k rduhdh vkSj laoSèkkfud n`f"V ls blij dksbZ fookn ugha gS] foy; dh fuèkkZfjrizfØ;k dks vU; fj;klrksa dh Hkkafr gh tEew,oa d'ehj ds }kjk Hkh iwjk fd;k x;k vkSjmls rRdkyhu xouZj tujy us Lohdkj fd;kArhljk] tc ge tEew ,oa d'ehj ds ckjs esadksbZ ppkZ djrs gSa rks okLro esa oks ppkZdsoy d'ehj ?kkVh rd gh lhfer gks tkrhgSA tEew ,oa d'ehj rhu {ks=kksa dks feykdjcuk gqvk jkT; gSA tEew {ks=k tks fgUnq cgqy

{ks=k gS d'ehj ?kkVh tks eqfLye cgqy {ks=k gSyn~nk[k tks ckS¼ cgqy {ks=k gS ,d yk[k ,dgtkj oxZ fd-eh- ds {ks=k esa 86]000 oxZfd-eh- dk {ks=k Lok;Ùkrk ds uke ij jkT; esacan dk vk;kstu ugha djrk 22 ftyksa esadsoy 5 ftys gM+rky] minzo djrs gSa 17ftys 'kkar gSa] rc mlds ckn bu 5 ftyksa dhvkokt ckdh ds 17 ftyksa dh Hkh vkoktdSls cu tkrh gS] ;gh dsUnz ljdkj dhLok;Ùkrk ds uke ij uktk;t ekax djusokyksa ds i{k esa [krjukd rqf"Vdj.k gSA

lkekU;r;k la?kh; <kaps esa Lok;Ùkrk dhekax mBkuk LokHkkfod gS ij dksbZ Hkh ekaxfdl ifjfLFkfr esa vkSj D;ksa mBk;h x;h gS];s le>uk t:jh gksrk gSA Lora=k Hkkjr esaiz'kkldh; lqèkkjksa dh tks ,d vuojr izfØ;kpyh mlesa gesa ,d vyx n`f"Vdks.k ns[kusdks feyrk gSA {ks=kh; fo"kerkvksa vkSj fo'ks"kdjHkkSxksfyd ,oa vkfFkZd dks lgh en~nsutj lsu ns[kus dh izo`fÙkA dksbZ Hkh vkfFkZd fodkldk Lo:i ,dhÑr Hkkjr ds en~nsutj ykxwgqvk ugh ekuk tk ldrkA D;k otg gS fdif'peh vkSj nf{k.kh Hkkjr esa esa vkfFkZdfodkl dh tks xfr gesa ns[kus dks feyrh gS

og iwohZ Hkkjr esa ugha feyrhA okLro esalalkèkuksa ds ,dhdj.k dh tks izofÙk gesa Hkkjresa dsanzh; ljdkj dh ;kstukvksa esa feyrh gS]og vkSj dgha ughaA jktuhfrd la?kokn ijizfØ;kRed tksj ftruk jgk gS] t:jr gS fdvkfFkZd la?kokn ij Hkh mruk gh tksj jgsALok;Ùkrk dks vkfFkZd la?kokn ds utfj, lsns[kus dh t:jr gS] ugha rks Lok;Ùkrk dks geiFkdrk ds utfj;s ls gh ns[krs jgsaxsaA dsanzljdkj vkfFkZd] lkaLÑfrd la?kokn dh izofÙkdks vxj lgh fn'kk nsus esa liQy jgrh gS tksfuf'pr rkSj ij ge jktuhfrd Lok;Ùkrk dsuke ij Nys tkus ls cps jgsaxsaA �

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Hkkjrh; la?kokn & ,d ifjp;% egsUnz izlkn flagHkkjr esa yksd izlk'ku% in~ek jkepUnzuHkkjr esa jkT; ,oa jktuhfr% ikFkkZ pVthZHkkjrh; lafoèkku% Xrsufoy vkfLVuledkyhu Hkkjr% vfpu fouk;d ,oa jktho HkkxZotEew&d'ehj ,d voyksdu% vk'kqrks"k HkVukxjtEew&d'ehj] leL;kvksa dk feyu% tEew&d'ehjvè;;u dsUnzAhttp://en.wipipidia.org/wihi/meghalayahttp://en.wipipidia.org/wihi autonomous_vefion_of_india

Hkkjrh; lafoèkku% Mh Mh clq

YH - 315/2014


xj fdlh jkT; dh igpkumldk #X.k gksuk gks vkSj mlvkèkkj ij mls fo'ks"k jkT; dk

ntkZ fn, tkus dh ekax mBs rks fu%lansg ;gekax fodkl vkSj mlosQ ekinaMksa dh ifjfèkls gVdj vfLerkoknh vkd"kZd jktuhfr dk:i ys ysrh gSA foxr oqQN o"kksZa ls chek:jkT;ksa esa 'kqekj fcgkj lesr vU; fiNM+s jkT;ksa}kjk fo'ks"k jkT; dk ntkZ fn, tkus dh ekaxosQ ihNs dk lp Hkh ;gh gS] ftlesa fodkldh fpark de vkSj jktuhfrd ykHk dhfiQØ T;knk gSA gkykafd fiNM+s jkT;ksa dkrdZ gS fd osaQæ ls mudks Ik;kZIr vkfFkZdenn ugha fey jgh gS ftldh otg lsfodkl dh nkSM+ esa os fiNM+s gSaA vxj mUgsaHkh fo'ks"k jkT; dk ntkZ feys rks fodkl dhxkFkk jp ldrs gSaA

oLrqr% jkT;ksa dk fiNM+kiu vkSj fo'ks"kjkT; dk ntkZ nks vyx fo"k; gSaA nksuksa dks,d Úse esa j[kdj mldh ehekalk vuqfprgSA jkT; osQ fodkl vkSj fiNM+siu dk dksbZ,d dkj.k ugha gksrkA tgka rd jkT;ksa dksosaQæh; vuqnku dk loky gS rks mlosQ fu;egSaA jkT; ;kstukvksa osQ fy, osaQæh; lgk;rkosQ rhu ?kVd gSaA 1&xkMfxy iQkewZys osQvuqlkj jkT;ksa dks lkekU; osaQæh; lgk;rkA2&fo'ks"k o vU; dk;ZØeksa osQ fy, vfrfjDr(,Vh,) esa ,vkbZchih] tsu,u,u;wvk,e]chvkjth,iQ] vkjosQohokbZ 'kkfey gSa] osQvykok lhek {ks=k fodkl dk;ZØe (,llh,)]igkM+h {ks=k fodkl dk;ZØe (,p,Mhih),oa iwoksZRRkj ifj"kn osQ fy, fo'ks"k osaQæh;lgk;rk nh tkrh gSA blosQ vykok osaQæ }kjkjkT;ksa dks cká lgk;rk (,bZih,l) dk;ZØeksaosQ fy, Hkh osaQæh; lgk;rk nh tkrh gSA

jktLo forj.k osQ ekeys esa osaQæ dk jkT;ksaij Ik;kZIr fu;a=k.k gSA osaQæ dh vk; dk lzksrHkh jkT;ksa dh vis{kk vfèkd gSA fdarqdY;k.kdkjh ;kstukvksa osQ dk;kZUo;u dkmRRkjnkf;Ro jkT;ksa ij vfèkd gS vkSj mlosQfy, mUgsa vfèkd èku dh vko';drk iM+rhgSA blfy, osaQæ }kjk olwys x, djksa ls gqbZvk; dh Ik;kZIr ek=kk fuf'pr vuqikr esajkT;ksa dks nh tkrh gSA

jkT;ksa dks nh tkus okyh jde fOkRRk vk;ksxdh fliQkfj'k ij nh tkrh gSA ,d o"kZ esa jkT;ksadks fn, tkus okys oqQy vuqnku dk 30çfr'kr foRRk vk;ksx osQ vfèkdkj esa gS tcfd70 çfr'kr oSosfdd vuqnku gS tks ;kstukvk;ksx dh fliQkfj'k ij jkT;ksa dks fn;k tkrkgSA blh mn~ns'; ls ;kstuk vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk(ftls vc uhfr vk;ksx cuk fn;k x;k gS) Hkhdh x;h] tks ;g r; djrk gS fd fdl jkT;dks osaQæ ls fdruk èku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A

rhljh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk rd osaQæ osQ ikljkT;ksa dks vuqnku nsus dk dksbZ fuf'pr iQkewZykugha FkkA 1968 esa blosQ fy, jk"Vªh; fodklifj"kn esa ekax mBhA fygktk pkSFkh iapo"khZ;;kstuk esa fofHkUk jkT;ksa osQ eè; {ks=kh; vlarqyunwj djus osQ fy, vkSj ;kstukvksa osQ varxZrosaQæ }kjk jkT;ksa dks foRRkh; lgk;rk nsus gsrqosaQæ ljdkj us ,d lfefr dk xBu fd;kftlosQ vè;{k èkuat; jkepaæk xkMfxy cuk,x,] tks ml le; ;kstuk vk;ksx ds mikè;{kFksA lu~ 1969 esa ikaposa foRRk vk;ksx usosaQæh; ;kstukxr enn osQ fy, xkMfxy iQkewZysdks viuk;kA bl iQkewZys osQ rgr 1969 esaLVsV Iyku osQ fy, osaQæh; lgk;rk jkf'kvkoaVu dh :ijs[kk cuh fd jkT;ksa dks osaQæh;lgk;rk dh jkf'k dSls&dSls feysxhA

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fo'ks"k jkT; dh ekax vkSj fl;klr

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jkT;ksa dks fo'ks"k jkT; dk ntkZ

nsA fiNM+s jkT;ksa dks rjDdh osQ

fy, vius fiNM+siu osQ ewy

dkj.kksa dks ryk'k dj mldk

funku <wa<uk gksxkA os fiNM+s

blfy, gSa fd ogka fodkl ugha

gqvkA fdlh Hkh jkT; osQ

fodkl osQ fy, ikjnf'kZrk]

bZekunkjh vkSj çHkkodkjh

dk;ZlaLÑfr t:jh gSA xkSj djsa

rks lHkh fiNM+s jkT; Ñf"k çèkku

gSaA vxj os Ñf"k esa oSKkfud

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fdlkuksa osQ mRiknksa dks leqfpr

ewY; o Hkkjh fuos'k ij è;ku

nsrs gSa rks jkT;ksa dh rLohj

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ys[kd lkekftd foKku ds vè;kid gSaA n'kZu'kkL=k ,oa bfrgkl fo"k;ksa esa mPp f'k{kk ikus ds ckn f'k{k.k ,oa ys[ku esa lfØ; varjkZ"Vªh; o jk"Vªh; fo"k;ksa ij vxz.khi=k&if=kdkvksa esa fu;fer ys[ku ,oa lkekftd fo"k;ksa ij lsfeukj esa l'kDr mifLFkfrA bZesy% [email protected]


bl iQkewZys ds eqrkfcd 60 çfr'kr jkf'ktula[;k osQ vkèkkj ij] 10 çfr'kr jkf'kçfr O;fDr vk; (jk"Vªh; vkSlr ls de gksusdh 'krZ) ij] 10 çfr'kr jkf'k jkT; dhviuh fo'ks"k leL;k osQ vkèkkj ij] 10çfr'kr jkf'k flapkbZ vkSj fctyh ifj;kstukvksaosQ fy, gS vkSj 10 çfr'kr dj ç;kl osQfy, fuèkkZfjr gSA bl iQkewZys osQ rgr gh rhujkT;ksa vle] uxkySaM] tEEkw vkSj d'ehj dkslcls igys fo'ks"k jkT; dk ntkZ fn;k x;kAekStwnk le; esa fo'ks"k jkT; dk ntkZ çkIrjkT;ksa dh la[;k 11 gSA ;s jkT; gSa& uxkySaM]fLkfDde] f=kiqjk] fetksje] es?kky;] v#.kkpyçns'k] ef.kiqj] vle] fgekpy çns'k]mRRkjk[kaM] tEEkw vkSj d'ehjA ckn esa dbZjkT;ksa }kjk bl iQkewZys esa la'kksèku dh ekax ij1980 esa iQkewZys esa la'kksèku fd;k x;kA blesaçfrO;fDr vk; osQ lkFk pkyw ifj;kstukvksadks feykdj mudk oqQy Hkkj 20 çfr'kr djfn;k x;kA bl la'kksfèkr iQkewZys ls lgk;rkNBha] lkroha vkSj 1990&91 dh okf"kZd;kstukvksa dks nh xbZA

1990 esa nwljh ckj bl iQkewZys esa jk"Vªh;fodkl ifj"kn us oqQN jkT;ksa dh ekax osQvkèkkj ij la'kksèku fd;k ftlosQ eqrkfcd55 çfr'kr jkf'k tula[;k osQ vkèkkj ij] 25çfr'kr jkf'k çfrO;fDr vk; (fopyu jhfr,oa nwjh dh fofèk 'kkfey djosQ)] 5 çfr'krjkf'k foRRkh; çcaèk rFkk fo'ks"k fodklleL;kvksa osQ vkèkkj ij 15 çfr'kr jkf'k r;gqbZA flracj] 1991 esa ;kstuk vk;ksx us vk;ksxosQ rRdkyhu mikè;{k (ekStwnk le; esa ns'kosQ jk"Vªifr) ç.ko eq[kthZ dh vè;{krk esaxkMfxy iQkewZys ij iqu% fopkj djus osQfy, lfefr dk xBu fd;kA eq[kthZ lfefrosQ lq>ko dks jk"Vªh; fodkl ifj"kn us Lohdkjfy;kA elyu bl lfefr us 60 çfr'kr jkf'kjkT; dh tula[;k (1971 dh tux.kuk osQvkèkkj ij) osQ vkèkkj ij] 25 çfr'kr jkf'kçfr O;fDr vk; ( 20 çfr'kr fopyu jhfrvkSj 5 çfr'kr nwjh dh fofèk)] 7-5 çfr'krjkf'k fu"iknu (dj ç;kl] foRRkh; çcaèkvkSj jk"Vªh; mn~ns';ksa osQ :i esa) rFkk 7-5çfr'kr jkf'k jkT; fof'k"V fodkl leL;kvksaosQ fy, fuèkkZfjr gqbZA

eq[kthZ iQkewZys dk ç;ksx 8oha ;kstuk osQvarxZr fo'ks"k Js.kh ls brj jkT;ksa osQ fy,osaQæh; lgk;rk osQ forj.k gsrq fd;k tkukfuf'pr fd;k x;k tcfd fo'ks"k Js.kh osQ

jkT;ksa dh ;kstukvksa osQ fy, la'kksfèkr xkMfxyiQkewZys osQ vuq:i gh ,deq'r jkf'k osQgLrkarj.k dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;kA xkSjryc gSfd fo'ks"k ntkZ çkIr lHkh jkT; igkM+h gSavkSj fiNM+siu dh lHkh 'krksZa dks iwjk djrsgSaA fo'ks"k jkT; dk ntkZ fn, tkus osQ nksvkèkkj cuk, x,A ,d] okf.kT; vkSj m|ksxea=kky; dk ekud vkSj nwljk ;kstuk vk;ksxdkA okf.kT; vkSj m|ksx ea=kky; osQ vuqlkjmUgha jkT;ksa dks fiNM+k ekuk x;k ftudkdetksj lalkèku vkèkkj vkSj detksjvfèklajpuk gS] tks HkkSxksfyd vyxko vkSjvxE; Hkw&{ks=k esa fLFkr gSa tcfd ;kstukvk;ksx dh 'krksZa osQ eqrkfcd mUk jkT;ksa dksfiNM+k ekuk x;k tks igkM+h {ks=k esa fLFkr gSa]ftudk fuEu tula[;k ?kuRo gS] ftudhfLFkfr iM+kslh ns'kksa dh lhekvksa ij gS vkSjftudh jktdh; foRr O;oLFkk detksj gSAosaQæ ljdkj }kjk lalkèkuksa osQ forj.k esafo'ks"k ntkZ okys jkT;ksa dks vfrfjDr vkfFkZdenn nh tkrh gS] rkfd vkfFkZd vlekurkvkSj {ks=kh; vlarqyu nwj fd;k tk losQA bujkT;ksa dks 90 çfr'kr osaQæh; vuqnku vkSj'ks"k 10 çfr'kr C;kteqDRk dtZ çkIr gksrk gSAblosQ vykok mUgsa mRikn 'kqYd esa Hkh fj;k;rfeyrh gS rkfd ogka iwath fuos'k gks losQA;kstuk O;; osQ fy, osaQæ ljdkj dh ldyctV ;kstuk dk 30 çfr'kr fgLlk Hkh mUgsaçkIr gksrk gSA bu jkT;ksa esa m|ksx yxkus osQfy, m|ksxifr;ksa dks Hkkjh çksRlkgu feyrkgSA 12 osa foRRk vk;ksx us fliQkfj'k dh Fkhfd osaQæ ljdkj dks fliQZ vuqnku nsuk pkfg,vkSj ;g jkT;ksa osQ Åij NksM+ nsuk pkfg, fdos cktkj ls fdruk dtZ ysuk pkgrs gSaA rcls fo'ks"k Js.kh osQ jkT;ksa osQ fy, 90 çfr'krvuqnku vkSj 10 çfr'kr C;kteqDRk dtZ dkiQkewZyk ;Fkkor gSA lkekU; Js.kh osQ jkT;ksaosQ fy, ½.kksa vkSj vuqnkuksa osQ chp oghvuqikr gS] ftl vuqikr esa og osaQæ dks çkIrgksrk gSA

gkykafd 13osa foRRk vk;ksx us fo'ks"kJs.kh osQ jkT;ksa dks vfrfjDr lalkèku lgk;rkmiyCèk djkus dh fliQkfj'k osQ lkFk gh ;gHkh lq>ko fn;k fd osaQæ dks 30-5 çfr'kr osQctk, 32 çfr'kr jkf'k jkT;ksa dh >ksyh esaMkyuh pkfg,A mlus osaQæ ls oqQy jktLo lsjkT;ksa dks feyus okyk fgLlk Hkh 38 çfr'krls c<+kdj 39-5 çfr'kr fd, tkus dh Hkhf'kiQkfj'k dhA ij xkSjryc ;g fd ckr pkgs

fo'ks"k ntkZ çkIr jkT;ksa dh gks ;k vU; jkT;ksadh lHkh vkfFkZd cngkyh osQ ladV esa gSaAfo'ks"k ntkZ çkIr jkT;ksa dk vkS|ksfxd jkT;cuus dk liuk iwjk ugha gks ik;k gSA vle]fgekpy çns'k] ef.kiqj rFkk tEEkw vkSj d'ehjlesr vU; fo'ks"k ntkZ çkIr jkT;ksa ij HkkjhdtZ gSA rhu igkM+h jkT;ksa tEEkw vkSj d'ehj]mRRkjk[kaM vkSj fgekpy çns'k esa vkS|ksfxdfodkl osQ fy, dbZ ;kstuk,a cuhaA fuos'kdksadks vkdf"kZr djus rFkk jkstxkj l`ftr djusosQ fy, VSDl esa Hkkjh deh dh x;hA nwljsmik;ksa dh Hkh ?kks"k.kk gqbZ ysfdu ifj.kkeldkjkRed ugha jgsA ;kstuk vk;ksx us 2013esa bu jkT;ksa dks tc fodkl dh dlkSVh ijdlk rks rLohj mRlkgtud ugha fn[khAfuos'kd VSDl NwV dk iQk;nk mBkus esa rksliQy jgs ysfdu ;s jkT;] jkstxkj l`ftrdjus esa foiQy jgsA jkT; ljdkjksa vkSjLFkkuh; ç'kklu dh lqLrh dh otg ls dbZfuos'kdksa us viuk dkjksckj lesV fy;kAurhtk jkT; esa vkèkkjHkwr <kapk fodflrugha gks ldkA ,sls esa ;g èkkj.kk ikyuk fdfo'ks"k jkT; dk ntkZ feyus ek=k ls jkT;dh leL;k,a Nwearj gks tk,axh vkSj jkT;rjDdh dh Nykax yxk ysxk laHko ughaAÅapk fodkl y{; gkfly djus osQ fy,jkT;ksa dks lcls igys Hkz"Vkpkj ij vaoqQ'kyxkuk gksxk vkSj lkFk gh vkfFkZd vuq'kklurFkk dkuwu&O;oLFkk Hkh nq#Lr djuk gksxhA

oSls Hkh laHko ugha gS fd osaQæ ljdkj,d lkFk ns'k osQ lHkh fiNM+s jkT;ksa dksfo'ks"k jkT; dk ntkZ nsA fiNM+s jkT;ksa dksrjDdh osQ fy, vius fiNM+siu osQ ewydkj.kksa dks ryk'k dj mldk funku <wa<ukgksxkA os fiNM+s blfy, gSa fd ogka fodklugha gqvkA fdlh Hkh jkT; osQ fodkl osQfy, ikjnf'kZrk] bZekunkjh vkSj çHkkodkjhdk;ZlaLÑfr t:jh gSA xkSj djsa rks lHkhfiNM+s jkT; Ñf"k çèkku gSaA vxj os Ñf"k esaoSKkfud rduhdh] vfèkd mRiknu] fdlkuksaosQ mRiknksa dks leqfpr ewY; o Hkkjh fuos'kij è;ku nsrs gSa rks jkT;ksa dh rLohj cnyldrh gSA bu jkT;ksa dks O;kikj ,oa gksVy]m|ksx] lsok {ks=k] cSafdax ,oa chek bu lHkh{ks=kksa esa fuos'k dks vkdf"kZr djuk gksxkA

xqtjkr] eè;çns'k vkSj NRRkhlx<+ lesrdbZ ,sls jkT; gSa ftUgsa fo'ks"k jkT; dk ntkZgkfly ugha gS] fiQj Hkh fodkl dk Åapky{; gkfly djus esa liQy jgsA tcfd


blosQ myV fo'ks"k jkT; dk ntkZ çkIr dbZjkT; vkfFkZd cngkyh osQ dxkj ij gSaA vxjfcuk ç;kstu fo'ks"k jkT; osQ ntsZ dh 'krksZa esacnyko gqvk rks mlosQ xaHkhj oqQifj.kke mujkT;ksa dks Hkqxrus gksaxs tks vkfFkZd vuq'kklu]fofèkd lq'kklu vkSj lrr fodkl osQ cwrsÅaph nj o`f¼ gkfly fd, gSaA cnyko dkurhtk ;g Hkh gksxk fd ftu jkT;ksa dks vHkhT;knk vkfFkZd enn fey jgh gS muesa dVkSrhgksxh vkSj fiNM+siu osQ f'kdkj jkT;ksa dksmiÑr fd;k tk,xkA ;g ,d fdLe lsvU;k; tSlk gksxkA fcgkj ,d n'kd lsfo'ks"k jkT; dk ntkZ fn, tkus dh ekax djjgk gSA iQjojh 2013 esa foRRkea=kh ih fpnacjeus yksdlHkk esa vius ctV Hkk"k.k esa fcgkjosQ fiNM+siu dh ppkZ djrs gq, dgk fd^fiNM+siu dks fuèkkZfjr djus okys orZekuekinaM igkM+h {ks=k] vkcknh dk ?kuROk vkSjvarjkZ"Vªh; lhek dh yackbZ gS] ij blosQ fy,çfr O;fDr vk;] lk{kjrk rFkk vU; ekuofodkl lwpdkadksa esa jk"Vªh; vkSlr ls fiNM+kiudks vkèkkj cukuk T;knk çklafxd gksxkA blfy,eSa u, ekinaMksa dks 'kkfey djus dk çLrkodjrk gwa tks Hkfo"; dh ;kstuk vkSj dks"kgLrkarj.k osQ vkèkkj gksaxsA*

26 flracj 2013 dks j?kqjkejktu lfefrdh fjiksVZ is'k gqbZ ftlesa fcgkj ,oa vU;fiNM+s jkT;ksa dks fo'ks"k ntkZ fn, tkus dklq>ko fn;k x;kA gkykafd blesa fo'ks"k jkT;dk ntkZ tSlk 'kCn ugha Fkk ysfdu fcgkjdks ns'k osQ nl lcls de fodflr jkT;ksaesa 'kqekj fd;k x;kA crk nsa fd ebZ 2013esa os aQæ ljdkj us vkfFkZd lykgdkjj?kqjkejktu (vc vkjchvkbZ osQ xouZj)dh vè;{krk esa jkT;ksa dks fiNM+k {ks=k vuqnkufufèk osQ enksa ls vkoaVu gsrq lesfdr fodkllwpdkad osQ fuekZ.k osQ fy, ,d N% lnL;h;lfefr dk xBu fd;kA 'kScky xqIrk] HkjrjkekLokeh] uthc tax] uhjtk th tk;yvkSj rwghu ikaMs bl lfefr osQ lnL; FksAlfefr us flracj ekg esa foRRk ea=kky; dkslkSaih x;h fjiksVZ esa jkT;ksa dks èku miyCèkdjkus osQ fy, cgqvk;keh lwpdkad dhu;h ç.kkyh viukus dk lq>ko fn;kA vHkhoqQN dguk eqf'dy gS fd ubZ ljdkj bllq>ko ij vey djsxh ;k ughaA

fo'ks"k jkT; dk ntkZ osQ loky ijvFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dh jk; fHkUUk&fHkUu gSA vFkZ'kkL=khxksfoan HkV~Vkpk;Z us bdukWfed ,aM ikWfyfVdy

ohdyh (4 ebZ] 2013] 'kh"kZd% Lis'ky dSVsxjhLVsV~l*) esa fy[kk gS fd ^fo'ks"k jkT; dkntkZ fn, tkus osQ tks Hkh ekud gSa] fcgkj muij [kjk ugha mrjrkA fcgkj dk fiNM+kiuHkkSxksfyd dfe;ksa osQ dkj.k ugha gS] cfYdvrhr dh [kjkc xousZal osQ dkj.k gSA [kjkcxousZal osQ dkj.k ntkZ ugha fey ldrkA ,slsrks dbZ jkT; blesa vk tk,axsA* oSls Hkh fo'ks"kjkT; dk ntkZ nsus osQ fy, tks xkMfxyiQkewZyk rS;kj fd;k x;k Fkk] mlesa rhu dhtxg 11 jkT; vk x, gSa] tcfd ;kstukjkf'k esa dksbZ o`f¼ ugha gqbZ gSA

1 vçSy 2012 dks çèkkuea=kh Mk- eueksguflag osQ lykgdkj lSe fi=kksnk us iVuk esa,d laoknnkrk lEEksyu esa fcgkj dks fo'ks"kjkT; dk ntkZ fn, tkus osQ loky ij dgkfd ^fcgkj dks fo'ks"k jkT; dk ntkZ fn,tkus dh t:jr ugha gS] D;ksafd ;gka vkèkkjHkwrlajpuk dh deh ugha gS vkSj og vius neij fodkl djus dh {kerk j[krk gSA* mUgksaus;g Hkh dgk fd ^if'pe caxky] vle]osQjy vkSj fcgkj lfgr vU; jkT; Hkh fo'ks"klgk;rk dh ekax dj jgs gSa] tks fd osaQæ osQfy, laHko ugha gS] D;ksafd mldh Hkh viuhlhek gSA* 4 iQjojh] 2013 dks ;kstuk vk;ksxosQ mikè;{k eksaVsd flag vgywokfy;k jktxhjesa varjkZ"Vªh; ukyank fo'ofo|ky; osQ esaVjxzqi dh gksus okyh cSBd esa Hkkx ysus lsigys iVuk esa dgk fd fcgkj dks fo'ks"kjkT; dk ntkZ ugha fn;k tk ldrkA fcgkjbl ntsZ dh dlkSVh ij ugha mrjrk gSA oSlsljdkj chthvkj,iQ (cSdokMZ fjtUl xzkaViQaM) osQ tfj, fcgkj ,oa vU; jkT;ksa dksfo'ks"k iSosQt ns ldrh gSA*

fcgkj tSls jkT; osQ fiNM+siu dk ,ddkj.k mldk foRRkh; oqQçcaèku Hkh gSA ogosaQæh; enn dks [kpZ ugha dj ik jgk gSAfoRRkh; o"kZ 2012&13 osQ ^jkT; dk foRRk*ij dSx dh fjiksVZ mls dB?kjs esa [kM+k djrhgSA vFkZ'kkL=kh 'kScy xqIrk (lnL; lfpo,f'k;u MsoyiesaV fjlpZ baLVhV~;wV vkæh]iVuk) osQ eqrkfcd jkT; osaQæ ls T;knk iSlkfeys bldh ekax rks djrk gS ysfdu miyCèkèkujkf'k dks [kpZ djuk mlosQ fy, cM+hpqukSrh gSA vxj ljdkj miyCèk èkujkf'k dk75 iQhlnh [kpZ djs rc Hkh cM+h miyfCèkgksxh (jk"Vªh; lgkjk] gLr{ksi 16 ekpZ] 2013)A

,sls esa loky okftc gS fd fiQj fcgkjdks fo'ks"k jkT; dk ntkZ D;ksa feys vkSj

xkMfxy iQkewZys esa cnyko D;ksa gks\ xkSjrycgS fd fcgkj ljdkj vjls ls xkMfxy iQkewZysesa cnyko dh ekax dj jgh gSA tqykbZ] 2013esa fcgkj osQ foRRkea=kh us xkMfxy iQkewZys osQvkèkkj esa cnyko dh t:jr crk;h vkSjdgk fd jkT;ksa dh enn osQ fy, 2011 dhtux.kuk dks vkèkkj cuk;k tk, u fd 1971osQ vkadM+ksa dksA njvly bl ekax osQ ihNsdk edln ;g gS fd 2011 dh tux.kukvkèkkj cuh rks fcgkj dks feyus okyh jkf'kLor% c<+ tk,xhA blfy, fd xkMfxy iQkewZysosQ rgr lokZfèkd 60 çfr'kr èkujkf'k tula[;kosQ vkèkkj ij gh nh tkrh gSA fnlacj 2012esa fcgkj osQ eq[;ea=kh jgs uhrh'k oqQekj usHkh çèkkuea=kh Mk- eueksgu flag dks i=kfy[kdj xkMfxy iQkewZys esa la'kksèku dkvuqjksèk fd;k vkSj la'kksèku dk nkf;Ro pkSngosafoRRk vk;ksx dks lkSaius dk lq>ko fn;kA

;kstuk vk;ksx dk LFkku vc uhfr (us'kuybaLVhV~;w'ku iQWkj VªkaliQkfeZax bafM;k) vk;ksxus ys fy;k gSA blosQ ckn 'kk;n fo"ks"k jkT;osQ ntsZ osQ fy, gks jgh ncko dh jktuhfrij yxke yx losQA dkj.k] mlosQ xofuZaxdkmafly esa lHkh jkT;ksa osQ eq[;eaf=k;ksa osQvykok osaQæ'kkflr çns'kksa osQ mijkT;iky'kkfey gSaA ,sls esa lRRkkèkkjh {k=kiksa dks vcosaQæ ij okftc vkfFkZd gd u nsus dkvkjksi yxkdj fo'ks"k jkT; dk ntkZ vkSjLIks'ky iSosQt dh ekax ij fl;klr djukvklku ugha gksxkA gkykafd ns'k osQ ç[;krlafoèkkufon~ lqHkk"k d';Ik dk dguk gS fddksbZ t:jh ugha fd uhfr vk;ksx osQ xBu lsfo'ks"k jkT; dk ntkZ dh ekax FkesxhA ;gns[kuk t:jh gksxk fd uhfr vk;ksx esa jkT;ksadh Hkkxhnkjh fdruh gksrh gS vkSj og fdlrjg dke djrk gSA �

lanHkZ%http://www.epw.in/ejournal/show/1/_/2950http://www.simplydecoded.com/2013/05/06/3108/http://www.rashtriyasahara.com/epapermain.aspx?queryed=k17&eddate=k03/16/2013http://www.bbc.co.uk/hindi/search/?q=k27 20june202012http://saindia.gov.in/english/home/our_products/audit_report/Government_Wise/union_audit/recent_reports/union_performance/2013/Civil/Report_6/Report_6.htmlhttp://finance.bih.nic.in/Documents/Reports/Economic-Survey-2013-EN.pdfhttp://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/raghuram-rajan-panel-submitted-report-on-cr i te r ia - for-spec ia l -ca tegory-s ta tus- to-government-1380193558-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadgil_formula


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fn;k tkrk gS fd blesa fofHkUu fgrèkkjdksa osQfy, vusd ykHk vkSj volj çnku djus dhcsgrjhu laHkkouk gS (f}osnh] 2013)A blrjg osQ ykHk osQ mnkgj.k gSa% n{krk osQekeys esa lkoZtfud laxBuksa dk :ikarj.k_tokcnsgh_ çHkkoksRikndrk_ ikjnf'kZrk_ykyiQ+hrk'kkgh esa U;wurk_ csgrj lapkj rFkkleUo; rFkk vfèkd egRoiw.kZ fd ;g fdlhle; vkSj dgha Hkh ukxfjd osQfUærvkbZlhVhl{ke ljdkjh lsok dk forj.k djldrk gS vkSj ogka rd mldh igqap cukldrk gS (f}osnh] 2013)A

gkykafd 1990 osQ n'kd osQ mÙkjkèkZ osQnkSjku Hkkjr us bZ&ljdkj osQ :i esa bl rjgosQ lqèkkj dh 'kq#vkr dh] ftlus 2006 esajk"Vªh; bZ&'kklu ;kstuk (,ubZthih) osQ çkjaHkosQ lkFk vkxs pydj viuh jÝrkj idM+yhA vc Hkh fo'o bZ&ljdkj fodkl dhlwph (la;qDr jk"Vª bZ&ljdkj loZs{k.k] 2014)esa Hkkjr dh txg 117oha gS vkSj ;g vc Hkhcgqr ihNs gSA ;kstuk osQ iwoZ osQ vad (2013)esa f}osnh }kjk fy[ks x, vkys[k esa ,d

U;k;laxr lwpuk lekt vkSj Kku vFkZO;oLFkkcuus osQ Hkkjr osQ ç;kl dh jkg esa vkusokyh vusd ckèkkvksa dks fpfÉr fd;k x;kgSA fpfÉr dkj.kksa osQ mnkgj.k gSa% osQUæ]jkT;vkSj ft+yk Lrjh; vkbZlhVh vkèkkfjr ra=k dkfo[kaMu_ ç.kkyh osQ ,dhdj.k dh deh_vafre pj.k osQ vojksèkd_ LFkkuh; Lrj ijvi;kZIr dkWeu lfoZl lsaVj (lh,llh)_bZ&ljdkj lsokvksa dks ysdj tkx:drk] mldhlqxerk rFkk fd;s tkus okys mlosQ mi;ksxdh deh] {ks=kh; Hkk"kkvksa esa bZ&lsok dhmiyCèkrk dk vHkko] fo'okl dh deh osQlkFk&lkFk tkap&iM+rky rFkk futrk dh fpark,a(f}osnh] 2012_ 2013_ jk.kk] 2013)A

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u`isUæ ih- jk.kk Lokulh fo'ofo|ky;] ;wosQ osQ çcaèku fo|kihB esa ysDpjj gSaA og bZ&ljdkj osQ {ks=k esa çeq[k 'kksèkdrkZ gSaA bZesy% [email protected]

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dh la[;k esa c<+ksrjh_ {ks=kh; Hkk"kkvksa esabZ&lsokvksa dk çkoèkku_ rFkk Hkkjrh; lanHkZdh ifjfèk esa vljnkj vkbZlhVhl{ke yksdç'kklu lqèkkj osQ fy, vko';d 'krZ osQ:i esa vkfFkZd okrkoj.k esa lqj{kk rFkkfo'okl dh èkkj.kk LFkkfir djus dhvko';drk (f}osnh] 2013)A

gky gh esa Hkkjr ljdkj us ,d vuqdj.kh;igy dh ?kks"k.kk dh gS ftlesa f}osnh }kjkfpfÉr mi;ZqDr lHkh fcUnq çfrfcafcr gS(2013)A blosQ ckn bl vkys[k dk mís';gS fd ^fMftVy bafM;k dk;ZØe* osQ uke lsKkr bl ;qxkardkjh igy dks bl fygkt+ lsns[kk tk, fd vxj bl dk;ZØe dks vljnkjrjhd+s ls dk;kZfUor fd;k x;k rks dksbZ 'kdugha fd Hkkjr osQ lkekftd& vkfFkZd fodklrFkk yksd ç'kklu lqèkkj ij egRoiw.kZ rFkkldkjkRed çHkko iM+sxkA

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fMftVy bafM;k dk;ZØe (MhvkbZih)ea=kky; dh ,d lesfdr igy gS] ftldkmís'; Hkkjr dks fMftVy :i ls l{kecukus rFkk bls l'kDr lwpuk lekt ,oaKku vkèkkfjr vFkZO;oLFkk esa :ikarfjr djukgS (MhvkbZ çLrqfr] 2014% ihvkbZch] 2014)Afo'kkydk; ,ubZthih dk u;k :i fn[kusokys bl dk;ZØe dh ifjdYiuk bysDVªkWfud,oa lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh foHkkx (MhbZvkbZVhokbZ)}kjk dh xbZ rFkk blosQ liQyrkiwoZddk;kZUo;u osQ fy, ,d [kjc #i;s lsT;knk dk vkoaVu fd;k x;k gS (MhvkbZçLrqrhdj.k] 2014_ ihvkbZch] 2014)AMhvkbZih (LdSu dh Nfo;ksa osQ :i esanLrkostksa dk fMftVy HkaMkj.k vkSj iquçkZfIrç.kkyh) dks 20 vxLr 2014 dks dSfcusVdh eat+wjh feyh rFkk o"kZ 2018 rd blsiw.kZ :i ls çkIr dj ysus dk y{; j[kkx;kA bl fojkV igy dk eq[; m|s';vko';d :i ls ljdkjh çfØ;kvksa dksu;k :i nsuk rFkk mUgsa fMftVkbt djukvkSj bysDVªkWfud :i ls ljdkjh lsokvksa dksmiyCèk djkuk ,oa mudh igqap dks vklkucukus osQ lkFk gh lkFk u;s jkst+xkj dkl`tu djuk Hkh gSA (MhvkbZ çLrqfr] 2014_ihvkbZch] 2014)A

MhvkbZih dk n`f"Vdks.k fuEufyf[kr rhuçeq[k {ks=kksa osQ vklikl osQfUær gS% (1)çR;sd ukxfjd osQ fy, mi;ksfxrk osQ nf"Vdks.k

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^çR;sd ukxfjd osQ fy, mi;ksfxrk osQ:i esa vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk* okys igys çeq[k{ks=k esa 'kkfey gSa% uxkfjdksa dks fMftVy :ils l'kDr cukus osQ n`f"Vdks.k ls lHkh xzkeiapk;rksa esa mPp xfr baVjusV lsok miyCèkdjkuk% ukxfjdksa dh egRoiw.kZ fMftVy igpku(vf}rh;] vkthou] vkWWuykbu vkSj çkekf.kd)dk çkoèkku% ukxfjdksa osQ lkekftd&vkfFkZdl'kfDrdj.k osQ fy, eksckby iQ+ksu rFkk cSad[kkrs osQ t+fj, fMftVy rFkk foÙkh; {ks=kksa esamudh Hkkxhnkjh dks lqfuf'pr djuk_ lh,llhrd vklku igqap cukus dk çkoèkku] tksukxfjdksa dks vafre :i ls lsok çnku djusosQ fy, LFkkuh; :i ls fLFkr vkSj cgqvk;kehgks; lkoZtfud {ks=kksa rd lk>k fd;s tkusokyh futh igy dh igqap dk çkoèkku% rFkkns'k esa ,d lqjf{kr lkbcjLisl dh LFkkiuk]

tks bysDVªkWfud lsokvksa dks O;kid :i lsviuk;s tkus dks rFkk mlosQ mi;ksx dksvklku cukrk gks (MhvkbZ çLrqfr] 2014_ihvkbZch] 2014)A

^ç'kklu ,oa ekax ij lsok,a* okys f}rh;{ks=k esa 'kkfey gSa% fofHkUu fgrèkkjdksa dhfofHkUu ljdkjh lsokvksa dh ,d ljy rFkk,dy f[kM+dh lqxerk osQ fy, foHkkxksa ;kU;k;ky; Hkj esa ,d lgt ,dhdj.k gksukpkfg, rFkk vkWWuykbu ,oa eksckby IysViQ+kWeZosQ mi;ksx }kjk okLrfod le; osQ Hkhrjbl rjg dh ljdkjh lsok,a miyCèk djk;htkuh pkfg,A lwpukvksa osQ t+fj, çR;sdukxfjd osQ fofHkUu vfèkdkj Hkh miyCèkgksus pkfg,A blosQ vykok fMftVy :i ls:ikarfjr ljdkjh lsokvksa osQ l`tu }kjkfd;s fd;s tk jgs dkjksckj dh lgtrk dkslqfuf'pr djuk pkfg, rFkk mls lqfoèkktudcuk;k tkuk pkfg,] tks bysDVªkWfud ,oadS'kysl foÙkh; varj.k dks l{ke rFkk ljycuk;sA varr% fu.kZ; dk leFkZu vkSj fodklosQ fy, ,dhÑr bysDVªkWfud ljdkj flLVedk mi;ksx gksuk pkfg, (MhvkbZ çLrqfr]2014_ ihvkbZch] 2014)A


^ukxfjdksa dk fMftVy l'kDrhdj.k* okysrhljs çeq[k {ks=k dk t+ksj ftUgsa vifjgk;Zcukrk gS] muesa gSa% Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa osQ chpfMftVy lk{kjrk çnku djuk% fMftVylalkèkuksa dks O;kid :i ls lqyHk cukuk%vklku vkSj loZO;kih igqap cukuk] lHkhljdkjh dkx+t+kr@çek.k&i=kksa dks fMftVy Lislesa miyCèk djkuk_ bls viukus rFkk blosQmi;ksx djus dks çksRlkfgr djuk] fMftVylalkèku rFkk@;k lsokvksa dks {ks=kh; Hkk"kkvksaesa miyCèk djkuk_ lk>snkjh okyh ç'kklulaLÑfr osQ fodkl osQ fy, O;kid fMftVyIysViQ+kWeZ dk fodkl fd;k tkuk pkfg, rFkkO;fDr;ksa osQ fy, lHkh vfèkdkjksa dks lkbcjLisl osQ t+fj;s iksVZscy cuk;k tkuk pkfg,(MhvkbZ çLrqfr] 2014_ ihvkbZch] 2014)A

Åij ftu rhu çeq[k {ks=kksa dh O;k[;kdh xbZ gS] mUgsa gkfly djus osQ fy, MhvkbZihosQ ikl Hkh fpfÉr ukS LraHk gSa% (1) czkWMcSaMgkbZos_ (2) eksckbZy dusfDVfoVh rd O;kidigqap_ (3) baVjusV lqxe yksd dk;ZØe_(4) bZ&'kklu% çkS|ksfxdh osQ ekè;e ls 'kkluesa lqèkkj_ (5) bZ Økafr & lsokvksa dhbysDVªkWfud fMyhojh_ (6) lHkh osQ fy,lwpuk_ (7) bysDVªkWfuDl fofuekZ.k_ (8)ukSdjh osQ fy, vkbZVh_ vkSj (9) vyhZgkosZLV dk;ZØe (MhvkbZ çLrqfr] 2014_ihvkbZch] 2014)A

,d LraHk osQ :i esa czkWMcSaM gkbZos jk"Vªh;lwpuk vkèkkjHkwr lajpuk osQ lHkh xzkeh.krFkk 'kgjh {ks=kksa ,oa mlosQ ,dhdj.k osQfy, czkWMcSaM dks vkPNkfnr djsxkA nwljkLraHk loZO;kid eksckby dusfDVfoVh osQ fy,cqfu;knh <kapk cukus ij osaQfær gSA rhljkLraHk ,d i;kZIr la[;k dh LFkkiuk ij tksjnsrk gS (oqQy 2]50]000 xkaoksa osQ fy,)AekpZ 2017 rd LFkkuh; :i ls fLFkr lh,llhdks ;g la[;k gkfly djuh gS] lkFk gh lkFkvxys nks o"kks± osQ Hkhrj 1]50]000 Mkd?kjksadks cgqlsok osQUæ osQ :i esa fodflr fd;ktkuk gSA pkSFks LraHk osQ :i esa ljdkj usçkS|ksfxdh (;kuh bZ&ç'kklu) osQ ekè;e lslqèkkj ykus dh ;kstuk cuk;h gSA bls dkjksckjçfØ;k jh&bathfu;fjax (chihvkj) osQ lkFktksM+k tkuk gS] ftlesa 'kkfey gSa% iQkeZljyhdj.k] vkWWuykbu vkosnu vkSj VªSfdax]vkWWuykbu [ktkus dk mi;ksx] lsokvksa vkSjIysViQkeks± dk ,dhdj.k_ dk;Zçokg dkLopkyu rFkk ukxfjd ekeyksa osQ lekèkku

osQ fy, ,d Lopkfyr yksd f'kdk;r fuokj.kç.kkyh dk mi;ksx (MhvkbZ çLrqfr] 2014_ihvkbZch] 2014)A

ikapoka LraHk ljdkjh lsokvksa rd igqapcukus osQ fy, ukxfjdksa dh [k+kfrj Li'kZvad osQ çkoèkku ij tksj nsrk gSA ;g bZ&Økafrdk bLrseky djrs gq, lsokvksa dh bysDVªkWfudfMfyojh osQ lkFk lac¼ gS]tks nks fofHkUuJsf.k;ks a esa foHkkftr gS% bZ&f'k{kk rFkkbZ&LokLF;] thvkbZ,l vkèkkfjr fu.kZ;u osQekè;e ls çkS|ksfxdh] vknkuksa dk vkWWuykbuvkns'k dk mi;ksx dj fdlkuksa osQ fy,çkS|ksfxdh] lqj{kk osQ fy, çkS|ksfxdh] eksckbycSafdax vkSj ,d ekbØks ,Vh,e dk;ZØe osQekè;e ls foÙkh; lekos'ku] bZ&vnkyr]bZ&iqfyl] bZ&tsy rFkk bZ&vfHk;ksxA NBkLraHk lHkh osQ fy, lwpuk gS] tgka ljdkjfofHkUu egRoiw.kZ lwpukvksa osQ lkFk viusvkidks layXu djosQ yxkrkj ukxfjdksa dksv|ru tkudkjh nsus osQ lkFk lwpukvksa rFkkdkx+t+krksa dks vkWWuykbu djus (bl mís';osQ fy, MyGov.in iksVZy igys gh 'kq:fd;k tk pqdk gS) osQ çfr çfrc¼ gS rFkkfo'ks"k voljksa ij ukxfjdksa dks vkWWuykbulans'k osQ fy, opuc¼ gS (MhvkbZ çLrqfr]2014_ ihvkbZch] 2014)A

lkroka LraHk bysDVªkWfud fuekZ.k dks 'kkfeydjrk gS] tgka ljdkj dk y{; 2020 rd,d 'kq¼ 'kwU; vk;kr y{; dks çkIr djusosQ Øe esa ns'k esa lHkh bysDVªkWfud oLrqvksadk fuekZ.k djus dk gSA gkykafd ekStwnklajpuk,a bl mís'; dks çkIr djus osQ fy,i;kZIr ugha gSa rFkk bl egRoiw.kZ y{; dksikus osQ fy, py jgs dbZ dk;ZØeksa dks vkSjlqlaxr cuk;s tkus dh ;kstuk gSA vkBokaLraHk MhvkbZih osQ egRoiw.kZ LraHkksa esa ls ,dgS vkSj og gS] vkbZlhVh vkèkkfjr jkst+xkj dkl`tu djukA bl mís'; dks ikus osQ fy,ljdkj vkbZVh {ks=k dh ukSdfj;ksa osQ fy,NksVs NksVs d+Lcksa rFkk xkaoksa esa jgus okys yksxksadks çf'kf{kr djus rFkk vkbZVhl{ke lsokvksa(vkbZVhbZ,l) dh LFkkiuk dh ;kstuk ijdke dj jgh gSA iwokZsÙkj jkT;ksa esa LFkk;hO;kikj fMfyojh vkbZVh lsokvksa dks pykusosQ fy, lsok fMfyojh ,tsaV dks çf'k{k.k nsusdh [k+kfrj ,oa ;g lqfuf'pr djus osQ fy,fd oks Lo;a dh enn dj ik,a] blfy,nwjlapkj lsok çnkrk ogka osQ xzkeh.k dk;Zcydks çf'kf{kr djrs gSaA varr% ukSoka LraHk vyhZ

gkosZLV dk;ZØe gSA bl dk;ZØe us lans'k osQfy, ,d vkbZVh IysViQ+kWeZ ikus osQ y{; osQlkFk igys gh dke djuk 'kq: dj fn;k gS]bZ&xzhfVaXl osQ ekè;e ls ljdkjh vfHkuanumiyCèk gS rFkk ljdkjh nÝrjksa esa ck;ksesfVªdmifLFkfr dk çkoèkku Hkh gSA vyhZ gkoZsLVdk;ZØe osQ çkjafHkd pj.kksa dks igys ghgkfly fd;k tk pqdk gS (MhvkbZ çLrqfr]2014_ ihvkbZch] 2014)A

lekiu ewY;kadu rFkk laLrqfr;ka

geus fMftVy bafM;k igy osQ fy,^vuqdj.kh;* vkSj ^ehy dk iRFkj* tSls'kCnksa dk ç;ksx tkucw>dj fd;k gSA gekjsfopkj esa ;g viuh çÑfr esa ^lexz* rFkk^lekos'kh* gS rFkk yacs le; rd fVdkÅjgus okyk n`f"Vdks.k gSA

lexz :i ls ge bl ckr dks m¼`r djrsgSa fd MhvkbZih vkèkkjHkwr lajpukvksa osQfodkl] ,dhÑr rFkk lqO;ofLFkr bysDVªkWfudlsok,a ,oa ukxfjdksa dh fMftVy lk{kjrktSls t+:jh vkSj varl±c¼ igyqvksa ij osQfUærgksrk gSA tSlk fd fp=k 1 esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS]ç'kklu osQ lkFk ;qfXer vkèkkjHkwr lajpukrFkk lqO;ofLFkr bZ&lsok,a nksuksa dkjd ukxfjdksaosQ okLrfod fMftVy l'kDrhdj.k dks lkdkjdjrs gSa D;ksafd bu egRoiw.kZ {ks=kksa esa lsfdlh Hkh ,d dh detksjh Hkkjr dks fMftVyHkkjr esa :ikarfjr djus esa ,d ckèkk osQ :iesa dk;Z djsxkA ;gka rd fd fMftVy lk{kjrk*osQ {ks=k ij vlyh iQ+ksdl T;knk egRoiw.kZ gSD;ksafd vkf[k+jh miHkksDrk esa Hkh bl tkx:drkdk vxj vHkko gS fd mUgsa D;k miyCèkdjk;k tk jgk gS vkSj vxj vkbZlhVh vkèkkfjrç.kkyh dk bLrseky djus dh oqQ'kyrk rFkkmls ysdj vkRefo'okl dh deh gS rksvkèkkjHkwr lajpuk rFkk lqO;ofLFkr bZ&lsok,anksuksa dk vkf[k+jdkj dksbZ eryc ugha jgtkrk gSA MhvkbZih bl ek;us esa lekos'kh* gSfd ;g fliQ+Z 'kgjh {ks=kksa osQ fodkl ijviuk è;ku osQfUær ugha djrk gSA cfYd]cjkcj ;k vfèkd è;ku xzkeh.k vkcknh osQfodkl ij Hkh fn;k tk jgk gSA tSlk fdlkspk x;k] vxj dke;kch osQ lkFk bldkdk;kZUou gks x;k rks lekos'kh ,oa lekulwpuk lekt rFkk Kku vkèkkfjr vFkZO;oLFkkosQ l`tu vkSj 'kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k vkcknh osQchp fMftVy x+Sjcjkcjh* dks ikVus osQ lanHkZesa bVjusV dusfDVfoVh (czkWMcSaM] eksckby


fp=k&2% çHkko'kkyh fMftVy lk{kjrk osQ çksRlkgu osQ fy, ukxfjd layXurk:ijs[kk (lhbZ,iQ+)

lzksr% flfefUVjl] 2014] i`"B 4

ukxfjd

vkbZlhVhlk{kj

vkbZlhVhfuj{kj

vkbZlhVh fuj{kjukxfjd dks

vkbZlhVh lk{kjcukuk

mi;ksDrk

xSj&mi;ksDrk

bZ&'kklu dkmi;ksx ugha

djus okyksa dksmi;ksDrk cukuk

foLr`rmi;ksx

lhfermi;ksx

lhfer mi;ksxukxfjd dks foLr`rmi;ksx ukxfjd esa

cnyuk

vuojr

rnFkZmi;ksx

ukxfjdksa ds rnFkZmi;ksx vknr dksvuojr mi;ksx esa

cnyuk

rFkk yksd baVjusV lqxe fcUnq osQ ekè;e ls)dk çHkko egRoiw.kZ gksxkA

blosQ iSekus (bldh laHkkouk] ctV] ykHkrFkk iw.kZrk egRokdka{kh le;lhek osQ lanHkZesa)] bldh lwpukRed çÑfr osQ lkFk ghlkFk bldk ,d cM+s iSekus ij dkS'ky fodklvkSj jkstxkj l`tu esa ;ksxnku ij fopkj djrsgq, ;g Li"V gS rFkk tSlk fd MhvkbZih usHkh vuqeku yxk;k gS fd blls 1-7 djksM+çR;{k jkst+xkj dk l`tu gksxk rFkk blls 8-5djksM+ yksxksa osQ fy, vçR;{k :i ls feyusokys jkst+xkj dh Hkh laHkkouk curh gS (MhvkbZçLrqfr] 2014_ ihvkbZch] 2014)A brus cM+siSekus ij MhvkbZih dh rjg igys dh dksbZHkh fMftVy igy ugha FkhA lcls cM+h oSf'odvkbZVh daifu;ksa (tSls_ xwxy] ekbØkslkWÝV)rFkk ukldkWe tSls laxBuksa dk Hkh blesaviuh #fp fn[kkuk ,oa bl igy esa viuk;ksxnku nsuk Hkh bldh ,sfrgkfld çÑfr osQcgqr cM+s lqcwr gSa A blosQ vykok dksbZ bls,sfrgkfld igy Hkh dg ldrk gS D;ksafdbysDVªkWfud okf.kT; (T;knk xzká 'kCn fMftVy,oa lkekftd okf.kT; gksxk) ,oa fMftVyfoi.ku osQ O;kid mHkkj osQ dkj.k xzkeh.k{ks=kksa esa miHkksDrk iQqVdj O;kikj dh lajpukrFkk mldh xfr'khyrk ij bldk egRoiw.kZçHkko gksxkA viuh vuqdj.kh; rFkk ,sfrgkfldçÑfr osQ dkj.k gh vkS|ksfxd usr`Ro osQlkFk lkFk Hkkjrh; ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; ehfM;k lsHkh MhvkbZih dks [k+wc ljkguk feyh gSA

dk;ZØe osQ vuqekfur ykHk dk rHkh,glkl gksxk tc MhvkbZih va'kr% ;k iw.kZr%ykxw gks tkrk gSA ekuk tkrk gS fd Hkkjr dhekStwnk ljdkj et+cwr vkSj LFkk;h gS] ,sls esagesa fo'okl gS fd bldk ([k+kldj blosQrduhdh ,oa vkèkkjHkwr lajpukRed igyw)cM+k fgLlk laHkor% ;kstuk osQ eqrkfcd+ ghiwjk gksuk gS] pwafd oqQN rRo igys gh ;k rks'kq: dj fn;s x, gSa ;k iwjs gks pqosQ gSaAmnkgj.k osQ fy, deZpkfj;ksa dh mifLFkfrdh fuxjkuh pj.kc¼ :i ls ckW;ksehfVªdrduhd ls cgqp vPNh rjg py jgh gSAgkykafd fMftVy lk{kjrk rFkk ekuo fodklosQ igyqvksa dks fMftVy rjhd+s esa ykus esavHkh vkSj le; yxsxk] dkS'ky rFkk tkx:drk,oa mudh ço`fÙk esa cnyko ykuk gh fliQ+Z,d cM+k dk;Z ugha gS cfYd ,d tfVydk;Z dks çHkko'kkyh Lrj rd ykus esa dbZlky Hkh yx ldrs gSaA ge [k+kldj xzkeh.k

vkcknh esa fMftVy lk{kjrk dks çksRlkfgrdjus okys ,d Li"V] ç.kkyhc¼ ,oa yf{krn`f"Vdks.k dh vuqla'kk djrs gSa

gkykafd ,d [k+kl rFkk de le;lhekesa lHkh osQ fy, fMftVy lk{kjrk dk ifj.kkegkfly djus okyh dksbZ tknw dh xksyh ughagS] rFkkfi foi.ku mUeq[k [kaMfoU;kl rFkky{; ikus okyh j.kuhfr dks viukdj vljnkjrjhd+s okyh çfØ;k dks laHkor% vkSj lqxecuk;k tk ldrk gSA fp=k 2 ,d foi.kumUeq[k ukxfjd layXurk ÚseodZ (flfefUVjlls viuk;k x;k] 2014) dks n'kkZrk gS] tksfMftVy lk{kjrk osQ çHkko'kkyh çksRlkgu esalgk;d gks ldrk gSA la{ksi esa] mi;ZqDrukxfjd layXurk :ijs[kk (lhbZ,iQ+) vkbZlhVhlk{kjrk vkèkkfjr [k+kl ukxfjdksa rFkk vkbZlhVhl{ke lsokvksa osQ vuqç;ksx O;ogkj osQ fHkUuLrj dks funZsf'kr djrh gS A lhbZ,iQ+ vaxhdj.krFkk layXurk dh lh<+h esa ^:ikarj.k^ osQçxfr'khy ekxZ dh rtoht+ dh tkrh gSD;ksafd ;g mi;ksx osQ O;ogkj osQ rhu Lrjksa(;kuh x+Sj mi;ksxdrkZ] gYosQ mi;ksxdrkZ rFkkcM+s iSekus ij mi;ksx djus okys) rFkk layXurkosQ nks Lrjksa (;kuh rnFkZ layXurk ,oa tkjhlayXurk) dh vuqla'kk djrk gSA çR;{klkefjd vkèkkj ij ;g dbZ fcUnqvksa ijosQfUær gksrk gS% 1) xSj mi;ksxdrkZvksa dkmi;ksxdrkZvks a esa ifjorZu_ 2) ekewyhmi;ksxdrkZvksa dk cM+s mi;ksxdrkZ esa cnyuk_rFkk 3) rnFkZ :i ls layXu ukxfjdksa dkmu ukxfjdksa esa cnyuk tks yacs le; lsblesa layXu gSa (flfefUVjl] 2014] ist&2)AikBdksa dks lhbZ,iQ ds ckjs esa vkSj vf/d

tkuus le>us dh [+kkfrj flfefUVjl (2014)ds vkys[k dks i<+us ds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;ktkrk gSA

MhvkbZih esa fofHkUu n`f"Vdks.k (;kuhczkWMcS.M] eksckby] yksd baVjusV igqap fcUnq)dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS] tks baVjusVdusfDVfoVh rFkk ljdkjh lsok dks lqxecukus osQ fy, lh,llh osQ çkoèkku dkslkeus ykrs gSaA ;s fMftVy foHkktu osQ chp,d iqy cukus dk ,d çHkko'kkyh n`f"Vdks.kgS vkSj varr% fMftVy lekos'ku dks lqxecukrk gSA gkykafd bldh jkg esa cM+h ckèkkHkh gS vkSj bl Lrj ij vkdj bl ckèkk ijè;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A cM+h la[;k esa Hkkjrh;xkao vc Hkh fo|qr vkiwfrZ ls oafpr gSa rFkkHkkjr osQ T;knkrj fgLls dks vc Hkh fctyhdVkSrh dh leL;kvksa ls tw>uk iM+rk gSA blçdkj] baVjusV dusD'ku] lh,llh rFkk yksdbaVjusV lqxe fcUnq rc rd mi;ksxh (blfy,bl ij lHkh rjg osQ fuos'k mi&vuqowQyurjgsaxs) ugha gks ldrk gS] tcrd fd fo|qrvkiwfrZ vckèk ugha gks ikrhA bl leL;k lsfutkr ikus osQ fy, lh,llh rFkk yksdbaVjusV lqxe fcUnqvksa dks l'kDr cuk;k tkukpkfg, vkSj ,slk fo|qr vkiwfrZ ls gh laHkogS] tks lkSj ;k ok;q tfur ÅtkZ tSls oSdfYidlkèkuksa }kjk l`ftr fd;k x;k gksA lhlh,ldh vfèkdre laHkkoukvksa dk mi;ksx djusrFkk ljdkjh lsokvksa rd pkSchlksa ?kaVs igqapcukus dh lqfoèkkvksa dh miyCèkrk osQ fy,lHkh lh,llh dks i;kZIr :i ls l{ke lkSjiSuy ls lqlfTTkr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A gesabl ckr dk fo'okl gS fd ;g MhvkbZih


,tsaMs dks u fliQ+Z fLFkjrk ;k fujarjrk çnkudjsxk cfYd oSdfYid ÅtkZ lzksrksa osQ çfrtkx:drk vkSj ldkjkRed joS;s dk HkhfuekZ.k djsxkA

MhvkbZih esa cM+s iSekus ij eqDr ikB~;Øe(,evksvkslh) dks fodflr rFkk lapkfyrfd;s tkus dk çkoèkku gS] tks ,d vR;kèkqfuduokpkj gS vkSj ftls O;kid :i ls tkapukij[kuk vHkh ckd+h gSA bl rjg osQ uokpkjdks O;kid :i ls viuk;s tkus osQ fy,t+:jh gS fd joS;s esa cnyko yk;k tk,AblosQ fy, egRoiw.kZ gS fd blosQ fodklosQ nkSjku mi;ksxdrkZ dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;ktk,A blosQ vykok] ,d O;kid iSekus ijigy 'kq: djus ls igys oqQN cM+s iSekus osQ'kq#vkrh d+neksa osQ lkFk u`oa'kh; 'kksèk Hkhfd;s tkus pkfg,A

jkT;ksa }kjk pyk;s tk jgs fo|ky;ksa dhfLFkfr] [k+kldj mu jkT;ksa esa tks vHkh cgqrfodflr voLFkk esa ugha gSa] cgqr vk'kktudugha gSA f'k{kd vPNh rjg çf'kf{kr ugha gSarFkk fMftVy çkS|ksfxdh dks bLrseky djusosQ fygkt+ ls oks mrus oqQ'ky Hkh ugha gSaAml i`"BHkwfe esa fliQ+Z LowQyksa dk czkWMcS.M lstksM+k tkuk gh dkiQ+h ugha gksxkA f'k{kdksa dksbl ckr osQ fy, Hkh çf'kf{kr fd;k tkukpkfg, fd oks f'k{kk çnku djus osQ fy,fdl rjg ls fMftVy çkS|ksfxdh dk bLrsekydjsa rFkk bldk mi;ksx djosQ fdl rjgNk=kksa rFkk muosQ vfHkHkkodksa dks blesa layXudjsaA laHkor% bl lacaèk esa nf{k.k dksfj;k us,d ekinaM LFkkfir fd;k gS];g mu ns'kksa esals ,d gS ftlus fo'o esa lcls T;knk czkWMcSaMrd viuh igqap cuk;h gSA blosQ dkj.k ogkaosQ LowQy csgn ykHkean jgs gSa rFkk oks LowQynf{k.k dksfj;k esa czkWMcSaM dusfDVfoVh osQO;kid :i ls viuk;s tkus dks ysdj ,degRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgs gSa vkSj bl ekeysesa la;qDr jk"Vª dh rjiQ+ ls djk;s x, ,dloZs{k.k esa fo'o&bZ&ljdkj fodkl lwph esanf{k.k dksfj;k igys LFkku ij gS (;w,ubZ&ljdkj loZ s{k.k] 2014)A czk WMcS.MdusfDVfoVh] bZ&iqLrd osQ bLrseky rFkk mldhmiyCèkrk] LowQyh Lrj ij nh tk jgh vkbZlhVhdkS'ky csgn vge gksxk D;ksafd blls Hkkjrh;cPpksa dks fMftVy fuoklh gksus dk voljfeysxk] tks blosQ cnys esa vxys chl lkyksaesa fMftVy foHkktu dks ikVus esa ennxkjlkfcr gksxkA

miyCèk lwpuk osQ vkèkkj ij ,d {ks=ktks MhvkbZih esa detksj gS] og gS fofHkUurRoksa osQ ewY;kadu dk çkoèkku] pkgs og tcHkh iw.kZrk dks çkIr dj losQA f}osnh (2013ch]i`"B&33) dk rdZ gS fd% ^vxj okafNrewY; gkfly fd;k tk jgk gS rFkk vxjfdlh lh[k dks Hkkoh bysDVªkWfud lsokvksa osQfodkl osQ fy, lh[ks tkus dh t+:jr gS rksijh{k.k osQ fy, ewY;kadu vfuok;Z gSA fcukçHkko'kkyh ewY;kadu osQ leku x+yrh nksgjk;htk ldrh gSA [k+kldj Hkkjr tSls ns'kksa esatgka Hkz"Vkpkj lHkh Lrjksa ij cM+k vke gS]^rhljh vka[k* osQ fcuk fofHkUu ifj;kstukvksadk ewY;kadu eqf'dy gS rFkk ;g lqfuf'prdj ikuk Hkh dfBu gS fd MhvkbZih viuhlgh fn'kk dh rjiQ+ tk jgk gSA 'kS{kf.kdxfrfofèk;ksa esa yxs yksx rFkk 'kksèkkfFkZ;ksa osQfy, lqO;ofLFkr <ax ls lHkh O;fDrxrifj;kstukvksa osQ dfBu rFkk Lora=k ewY;kadu,d ^rhljh vka[k* }kjk fd;s tkus dh gekjhlykg gSA

MhvkbZih fofHkUu fo"k;ksa (çkS|ksfxdh]dkjksckj rFkk çcaèku] lkekftd foKku) lsMkWDVjsV dj jgs Nk=kksa dks layXu djus dk,d vR;ar egRoiw.kZ volj dk çLrkonsrk gS vkSj var%fo"k;ksa osQ lkFk ijk&fo"k;ksaosQ 'kksèk dk ,d vf}rh; vkSj vuqowQyekgkSy çnku djrk gSA bl rjg osQ çkoèkkuMhvkbZih dks liQyrkiwoZd iwjk djus esaviuk ;k sxn ku n sr s g S a cfYd ,dvar%fo"k;d@ijk&fo"k;d 'kksèk dk;Zcy ,oa'kksèk laLÑfr osQ fodkl esa viuk ;ksxnkuHkh nsrs gSaA ;g f'k{kktxr] vU; lkoZtfudmiØe rFkk futh miØeksa dks Hkh ,d nwljsosQ ut+nhd ykrk gSA bl çdkj ge bl ckresa fo'okl djrs gSa fd 'kS{kf.kd layXurkrFkk ewY;kadu MhvkbZih osQ fy, t+:jhrRo gSa] tks bl le; ,d rjg ls dgha udgha 'kkfey ugha gSaA

vc ge Hkkjr dh dk;kdYi ;k=kk osQckjs esa viuk lekiu fopkj çLrqr djrsgSa]tks 2020 rd vkt osQ Hkkjr dks fMftVyHkkjr esa cnyus dk bjknk j[krk gSA fMftVyHkkjr dk;ZØe dh 'kq#vkr djosQ Hkkjr ljdkjus dk;kdYi ;k=kk osQ fy, ,d ekxZ fodflrfd;k gSA gkykafd fMftVy bafM;k* dh okafNrfLFkfr çkIr djus osQ fy, ;g ekxZ dkiQhgn rd vklku yxrk gS] ;g vklku rksfdlh Hkh fLFkfr esa ugha gS vkSj tSlk fd

Åij bl ckr dk ft+Ø fd;k x;k gS fdoqQN eqf'dysa vkSj ckèkk,a t+:j vk;saxhA jk"Vªh;lwpuk osQUæ (,uvkbZlh) bu ckèkkvksa vkSjeqf'dyksa ls ikj ikus osQ fy, rS;kj ughafn[krk ftlls fMftVy Hkkjr dk lkeukgksxkA vr% lgh ek;us esa ,uvkbZlh dkdk;kiyV vko';d gS] tks cnys esa vPNhlaHkkoukvksa dks lkeus yk;s rkfd ekStwnk le;ls fMftVy Hkkjr rd dh ;k=kk dj losQAgkykafd vxyh fLFkfr ;g gS fd ;g ;k=kkvius xarO; LFkku rd vuojr fcuk gLr{ksidh pyrh jgs] ;g Hkh cgqr egRoiw.kZ gS fdbl ;k=kk osQ nkSjku Hkkjrh; ukxfjd yxkrkjubZ tkudkfj;ksa ls ySl] layXu ,oa dkS'kyiw.kZ@çf'kf{kr jgsa rkfd :ikarfjr fMftVy HkkjrosQ laØe.k osQ fy, rS;kj jgs vkSj mldkewY;kadu dj losQA

fMftVy bafM;k dk;ZØe dk çfrfcacurFkk blosQ fofHkUu dkjdksa ij gks jgs dk;ZØeosQ lHkh pj.kksa ij fopkj djus dh t+:jrgS& bu dkjdksa esa 'kkfey gSa_ fodkl]dk;kZU;o;u rFkk vaxhdj.k&MhvkbZih dks lghek;us esa ,d ifjorZudkjh igy osQ :i esans[kk tkuk pkfg,A laHkkouk osQ fygkt+ lsiwjh vkcknh osQ fMftVy dkS'ky leqPP;f'kf{kr djus rFkk mldk foLrkj djus dkvolj çnku djrs gq, dk;ZØe esa u fliQ+ZfMftVy dk okrkoj.k mRiUu djus dh {kerkgS cfYd lexz lkekftd lekos'ku dh 'kfDrHkh gS& ,d jk"Vª dh vuqowQyu voLFkk dkslHkh ukxfjdksa osQ lkekftd lekos'ku dksgkfly djuk gS] tks va'kr% fMftVy lekos'kuosQ t+fj;s gkfly fd;k tk ldrk gSA blçdkj MhvkbZih iwjs Hkkjr osQ fy, u fliQ+Zvk'kktud cfYd ,d jksekapd voljmiyCèk djkrk gSA bl n`f"Vdks.k dksokLrfodrk cukus osQ ckotwn Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksarFkk mudh vknrksa osQ lkaLÑfrd :ikarj.kdh vko';drk gS & laHkor% ;g MhvkbZihosQ jpukdkjksa osQ fy, lcls ukt+qd rFkkvHkh rd dh vkd"kZd pqukSrh gS!

vxj ;g dk;ZØe visf{kr ifj.kke çkIrdjrk gS rks u;h vFkZO;oLFkk esa Hkkjr liQygksus rFkk ldkjkRed fodkl dks d+k;e j[kusdh ,dne lgh fLFkfr esa gksxk] tks Hkkjr dhoSf'od çfrLièkkZRedrk dks c<+kus esa ,dfu.kkZ;d dkjd gSA Hkkjr osQ fy, Hkfo";]tSlk fd MhvkbZih dk ekuuk gS] iwjh rjglqugyk gSA �


"Vªh; okn uhfr Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk gky gh esa rS;kj dh xbZgSA uhfr bl ekU;rk ij vkèkkfjr gS fd ljdkj vkSj mldh

fofHkUu ,tsafl;ka ns'k dh vnkyrksa vkSj vfèkdj.kksa esa çeq[k oknhgSaA bl uhfr dk mís'; ljdkj dks ,d dq'ky vkSj ftEesnkj oknhds :i esa :ikarfjr djuk gS rFkk vnkyr esa ljdkjh eqdnesckthdks de djuk gS rkfd eqdnes dh yafcr le; lhek dks vkSlr:i ls 15 ls ?kVkdj 3 lky fd;k tk ldsA ;g uhfr bl ekU;rkij Hkh vkèkkfjr gS fd ukxfjdksa ds vfèkdkjksa dh j{kk djuk]ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dk lEeku djuk ljdkj dh ftEesnkjh gS vkSjljdkjh eqdnesckth ds vkpj.k ds mu vkjksi dh jkS'kuh esa blcqfu;knh fl¼kar dks dHkh ugha Hkqyk;k tkuk pkfg,A

y{; vfHkO;fDr

blds fe'ku LVsVesaV esa bl ckr dh ?kks"k.kk dh x;h gS fdljdkj dks ,d etcwj oknh gksus dh fLFkfr dks lekIr djuk gksxkAblds ihNs rdZ ;g gS fd ,sls ekeyksa esa vafre fu.kZ; vnkyr ijgh NksM+us dh izFkk dks [kRe fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ^vnkyr dksiQSlyk djus nhft,* tSls vklku rjhds ls ijgst djuk pkfg,vkSj bldh fuank gksuh pkfg,A ljdkj ds izfrfufèk okfn;ksa dksU;kf;d lqèkkjksa ds fy, jk"Vªh; fe'ku esa 'kkfey fl¼karksa dk è;kuj[kuk pkfg, D;ksafd ckèkkvksa dks ysdj ljdkj rFkk mldh ,tsafla;kaHkh lac¼ gks ldrh gSa vkSj ckèkk iSnk djus okys mu vuko';deqdneksa ls ljdkj NqVdkjk ikuk pkgrh gSA eqdnesckth esa çkFkfedrkdY;k.kdkjh ;kfpdk] lkekftd lqèkkj] detksj oxksaZ rFkk ofj"Bukxfjdksa ij [kkl tksj nsdj gh gkfly dh tk ldrh gS rFkklgk;rk ikus okys vU; Jsf.k;ksa ds yksxksa ij lcls T;knk è;ku fn;ktkuk pkfg,A

fgrèkkjd rFkk ftEesnkjh

bl uhfr dh liQyrk lqfuf'pr djus esa dkuwu ,oa U;k;ea=kky;] fofHkUu foHkkxksa ds çeq[kksa] fofèk vfèkdkjh vkSj ljdkjhodhy rFkk lac¼ eqdneksa ls tqM+s gq, lHkh vfèkdkfj;ksa tSlsfgrèkkjdksa dks viuh viuh Hkwfedk fuHkkuh gksxhA bl uhfr dhliQyrk blds l[r dk;kZUo;u ij fuHkZj djsxhA çeq[k vfèkdkjhfoHkkx çeq[kksa }kjk fu;qDr fd;s tk,axsA tokcnsgh bl uhfr dhdlkSVh gksxhA bls fofHkUu Lrjksa ij lqfuf'pr djuk gksxkA ;s Lrjgksaxs% eqdnes ds çHkkjh vfèkdkjh] cpko i{k ds fy, tokcnsg]lHkh lac¼ odhy rFkk çeq[k vfèkdkjhA bl uhfr rFkk bldhtokcnsgh ds dk;kZUo;u dh fuxjkuh djus ds fy, vfèkdkj çkIrlfefr;ka gksaxhA mu yksxksa ds dkS'ky rFkk {kerkvksa ds ewY;kadudjus ds fy, çR;sd Lrj ij iSuy ds fuekZ.k ds fy, vuqoh{k.klfefr;ksa dk xBu djuk gksxk] tks ljdkjh iSuy ij vkus dsbPNqd gSaA bUgsa 'kkfey djus ls igys mudk ewY;kadu t:jh gksxkAiwjk tksj ewy {kerk] ç{ks=k fo'ks"kKrk rFkk fo'ks"kKrk ds {ks=kksa dhigpku djus okys {ks=kksa ij gksxkA

fe'ku&çk:idrk dk dk;kZUo;u

� ljdkjh vfèkoDrkvksa dks vPNh lqfoèkk,a nh tkurh pkfg, vkSjmUgsa daI;qVj] baVjusV] fyad vkfn tSlh i;kZIr cqfu;knh lqfoèkk,aeqgS;k djk;h tkuh pkfg,A ljdkjh vfèkoDrkvksa dks lkekU; 'kksèklqfoèkk,a miyCèk djk;s tkus ds lkFk&lkFk ekeyksa ds ladyu dksçLrqr djus ds fy, midj.k Hkh miyCèk djk;s tkus pkfg,A

� yafcr ekeys ds çcaèku ds fy, uksMy vfèkdkjh ftEesnkjgksxkA ;g ekeyksa] [kkldj mu ekeyksa dh yxkrkj fuxjkuhdjsxk] tks ;k rks can gks x, gSa ;k csdkj ds [khap jgs gSaA

� vkèks vèkwjs ekeyksa dh çFkk ij yxke yxuh pkfg,A vkWu fjdkWMZvfèkoDrk bl rjg ds ekeyksa ds fy, lhèks lhèks ftEesnkj gksaxsA

� ;g uksMy vfèkdkjh dh ftEesnkjh gksxh fd og nksgjk;s tk jgsvkSj vuqfpr LFkxu okys ekeyksa dh fjiksVZ foHkkx çeq[kksa dksns rFkk ;g iwjh rjg ls mlh ij fuHkZj gksxk fd oks LFkxu dsdkj.kksa dh ekax djsA ,tsalh dk çeq[k ;g lqfuf'pr djsxk fdvxj ;g nksgjk;k gqvk LFkxu gks rks ekeys ds fjdkWMZ~l LFkxuds dkj.kksa dks çfrfcafcr djrk gSA ykijokgh ;k pwd dsekeyksa dks xaHkhjrk ls fy;k tk,xk rFkk ,sls ekeys vfèkdkjçkIr lfefr;ksa ds ikl Hkst fn, tk,sxs] tks bl ekeys ls mfpr:i ls fuiVsxhA vxj vfèkoDrk nks"kh ik;s tk;saxs rks mudsf[kykiQ dkjZokbZ djrs gq, mUgsa fuyafcr fd;k tk ldrk gS ;kfiQj ljdkjh iSuy ls mudk uke Hkh gVk;k tk ldrk gSA

tufgr ;kfpdk

tufgr ;kfpdk dks ysdj larqfyr rjhds ls is'k vkus dht:jr gSA ,d rjiQ tufgr ;kfpdk (ihvkbZ,y) dks bl lgtrkds lkFk ugha fy;k tkuk pkfg, fd vnkyr dks djus nhft,] tksljdkj ds fy, vlqfoèkktud gSA ekuk tkrk gS fd tufgr;kfpdkvksa esa o`f¼ bl [kkl èkkj.kk dh otg ls gS fd ljdkjfuf"Ø; gSA ;g èkkj.kk cnyh tkuh pkfg,A

yafcr ekeys

vVkuhZ tujy ds dk;kZy; vkSj lkWfyflVj tujy Hkh lHkhyafcr ekeyksa dh leh{kk djus vkSj egRoghu ekeyksa rFkk egRoiw.kZekeyksa dks NkaVus ds fy, ftEesnkj gksaxsA ekeys dks oxhZ—r rFkkJs.khc¼ fd;k tk,xkA oxhZdj.k dh çfØ;k 'kq: dh tkuh pkfg,]ftlds }kjk ekeyksa rFkk mldh fLFkfr layXurk ds eqrkfcdigpku dk ,d [kkl uacj eqgS;k djk;h tkuh pkfg,A bl çfØ;kdks vkxs c<+kus ds fy, ,d ekud iQkWeZ yk;k tkuk pkfg,] ftlseqdneksa dks nkf[ky djrs le; vfèkoDrk HkjsA ftu ekeyksa dksokil fy;k tk ldrk gS] ,sls ekeyksa dks fpfÉr djrs gq, mUgsaJs.khc¼ djus ds dk;kZUo;u ds fy, iSuy cuk;k tk,xkA ,slsekeyksa esa vnkyrh iQSlyksa }kjk doj fd, tkus okys ekeys rFkkfuokZ| ekeys okil fy;s x, eqdnes 'kkfey gSaA ,slk ,d le;c¼ijaijk ds :i esa fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

(ihvkbZch lkexzh ds vkèkkj ij)

jk"Vªh; okn uhfr


jk


eghus esa [kkrk [kqyok pqds gSaA bls cgqr egRoiw.kZ miyfCèkdgk tk,xk D;ksafd bl ;kstuk ds vkjaHk gksus ls igys dsoy58 izfr'kr ifjokj cSafdax iz.kkyh ls tqM+s FksA vPNh ckr gSfd bl ;kstuk ds varxZr 60 izfr'kr [kkrs xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa[kqys gSa] tgka budh lcls T;knk vko';drk gS vkSj 40izfr'kr [kkrs 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa [kksys x, gSaA yxHkx 51 izfr'kr[kkrs efgykvksa us [kqyok, gSaA ;kstuk ds rgr 10 djksM+ lsvfèkd ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks #is dkMZ tkjh dj fn, x, gSa vkSjmUgsa ;kstuk ds rgr 1&1 yk[k #i;s ds O;fDrxr nq?kZVukchek dk ykHk Hkh feysxkA blds vykok ;ksX; ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks30&30 gtkj #i;s dk thou chek Hkh fn;k tk jgk gSA

gkykafd bl ;kstuk dhvkjaHk esa [kklh vkykspuk dhtk jgh Fkh vkSj bls 'kwU; jkf'kokys [kkrksa dh dok;n dgktk jgk Fkk] ysfdu foRr ea=kky;ds vuqlkj bu [kkrksa esa yxHkx9-188 djksM+ #i;s dh jkf'k

tek dh tk pqdh gSA ljdkjh cSadksa ds izeq[k Hkh dg jgs gSafd tSls&tSls izR;{k ykHk varj.k (MhchVh) vFkkZr~ lfClMhlhèks [kkrksa esa igqapkus dh ;kstuk tksj idM+rh tk,xh]oSls&oSls bu [kkrksa esa jde Hkh c<+rh tk,xh vkSj cSafdax ra=kdks Hkh mldk ykHk gksxkA

MhchVh dh jh<+ ^tu èku*

okLro esa ljdkj ds bl Økafrdkjh dk;ZØe dh lclsvfèkd vko';drk MhchVh ds fy, gh FkhA ljdkj dh vksjls dY;k.kdkjh ;kstukvksa ds varxZr tks jkf'k yf{kr oxksZavFkok ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, tkjh dh tkrh gS] mldk nq#i;ksxgksuk dksbZ ubZ ckr ugha gSA vDlj blesa ls T;knkrj jkf'kHkz"Vkpkj dh HksaV p<+ tkrh gSA blls cpus vkSj jkf'k dks lhèksykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds [kkrs esa igqapkus ds fy, tu èku ;kstuk ds rgr[kqys [kkrksa dks MhchVh ;kstuk ds lkFk tksM+k tk jgk gSAea=kky; ls feys vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj 15 uoacj 2014 ls vHkhrd jlksbZ xSl lfClMh ds en esa yxHkx 1]757 djksM+ #i;sdh jkf'k ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds [kkrksa esa Hksth tk pqdh gSA 300 ftyksa

iz/kuea=kh tu&/u ;kstuk

Hkk


vkfFkZd lesdu dh u;h dgkuhik;y lDlsuk

jr ds izR;sd ifjokj dks foRrh; lsokvksa vFkokcSafdax lsokvksa ds nk;js esa ykus ds mn~ns'; ds lkFk

tc izèkkuea=kh tu èku ;kstuk vkjaHk dh xbZ Fkh rks 'kk;n ghfdlh us ;g lkspk gks fd bls ,slh vHkwriwoZ liQyrk feysxhfd fo'o fjdkWMZ cukdj ;g fxuht cqd esa viuk uke ntZdjk ysxhA ysfdu ek=k 5 eghus esa 11-50 djksM+ cSad [kkrs[kksydj bl ;kstuk us fo'o fjdkWMZ cuk MkykA fnypLi gSfd blds rgr 26 tuojh 2015 rd 7-5 djksM+ cSad [kkrs[kksyus Fks] ysfdu og vkadM+k fnlacj 2014 ds igysi[kokM+s esa gh ikj dj fy;k x;k Fkk vkSj 17 tuojh 2015rd bl ;kstuk ds varxZr [kqyus okys [kkrksa dh la[;k11-50 djksM+ ds vkxs igqapxbZA fxuht cqd us ,d ghlIrkg esa yxHkx 1-80 djksM+cSad [kkrs [kksys tkus dks fo'ofjdkWMZ dh ekU;rk nh gSA

okLro esa ;g dksbZ NksVhmiyfCèk ugha gS D;ksafd gekjsns'k esa xzkeh.k vapyksa ;k fupys rcdksa ds yksx ljdkjh foRrh;nk;js ds uke ij vDlj Mkd?kj rd igqapdj gh #d tkrs FksAfoRrh; lsok ds uke ij muds ikl lkgwdkj tSlh iz.kkyh gh Fkh]tks 'kks"k.k ds vykok mUgsa dqN ugha nsrh FkhA ,sls esa bruh Hkkjhla[;k esa yksxksa dks cSad ds dkmaVj rd igqapkuk vkSj [kkrs[kqyokdj ,Vh,e dh lqfoèkk fnyokuk dksbZ ekewyh ckr ugha gSAblh otg ls foRr ea=kh v#.k tsVyh vxj bls foRrh; lekos'kds ekeys esa nqfu;k dk lcls cM+k dk;ZØe dg jgs gSa rks dqNHkh xyr ugha gSA ;ksa Hkh vxj ,d gh lIrkg esa fdlh ;kstukds varxZr 18]096]130 [kkrs [kksy fn, tk,a (tSlk fxuht cqdls vk, i=k esa dgk x;k gS) rks fdlh dks Hkh gSjr gksxhA

tu dk vlyh èku

tu èku ;kstuk dh liQyrk dk ,d ladsr mldsvkadM+ksa ls Hkh pyrk gS] tks blds izHkko vkSj nk;js dksifjyf{kr djrs gSaA foRr ea=kky; ls izkIr vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj21 djksM+ ls vfèkd ifjokjksa dk losZ{k.k djkus ij irk pykfd 99-74 izfr'kr ifjokj bl ;kstuk ds varxZr dsoy 4

dqy yf{kr [kkrs 7-5 djksM+* (26 tuojh 2015 rd)

dqy [kqys [kkrs 11-5 djksM+** (17 tuojh 2015 rd)

[kkrkèkkjd efgyk iq#"k xzkeh.k 'kgjh

(izfr'kr esa) 51 49 60 40

lzksr% foRr ea=kky; dh osclkbV

ih,etsMhokbZ% ,d utj esa


esa eujsxk lesr dqy 35 ;kstukvksa dks MhchVh ls tksM+k tkukgS] ftuesa 19 dks tksM+k tk pqdk gSA tkudkj eku jg gSa fdoreZku foÙkh; o"kZ esa MhchVh ds tfj;s yxHkx 3]000 djksM+#i;s bu [kkrksa esa Hksts tk,axsA vxys foRr o"kZ esa 15 djksM+#i;s ls Hkh vfèkd cSad [kkrksa esa yxHkx 51]029 djksM+ #i;sdh lfClMh jkf'k Hkstus dh ljdkj dh egRokdka{kh ;kstuk gS]ftlesa tu èku ;kstuk lcls egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk,xhA

;gh otg gS fd fiNyh foRrh; lekos'k ;kstukvksa ds myVbl ckj blesa 'kgjh {ks=kksa dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k x;kA la;qDrizxfr'khy xBcaèku ljdkj us Hkh blh rjg dh ;kstuk 2011 esavkjaHk dh Fkh] ysfdu mlesa 2000 ;k vfèkd tula[;k okysxkaoksa dks gh y{; cuk;k x;k FkkA LokHkkfod gS fd ml ;kstukdh cqfu;kn ij MhchVh dh ladYiuk ugha gks ikrh D;ksafd 'kgjhxjhc ifjokj mlesa misf{kr jg x, FksA ysfdu tu èku ;kstuk dsvarxZr ljdkj us lHkh ifjokjksa dks lfEefyr djus dh iwjh rS;kjhdhA foRr ea=kky;] cSadksa vkSj lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh m|ksx dhlk>snkjh ls bls laiUu fd;k tk jgk gS] ftldh lkIrkfgdfuxjkuh foRr ea=kky;] jkT; ljdkj vkSjcSad dj jgs gSaA [kkrs [kksyus ds fy, cSadksads esxk f'kfoj vkSj foRrh; lk{kjrk f'kfojHkh ;kstuk ds egRoiw.kZ vax gSaA ljdkj usblds fy, 1-23 yk[k cSad fe=k (cSafdaxdkWjLikW.MsaV) Hkh fu;qDr fd, gSa] tks yksxksadks #is dkMZ dk iz;ksx fl[kkrs gSa rkfdudn jfgr ysunsu dks lekt ds izR;sdLrj ij c<+kok fey ldsA

dSls liQy gqbZ ;kstuk

izèkkuea=kh tu èku ;kstuk ds liQy gksus dk lcls igykdkj.k ;g gS fd blds fy, de ls de nLrkosth >a>V dhvko';drk gSA vly esa ekewyh&lk cpr [kkrk [kqyokus dsfy, nLrkost dk tks iqfyank cSadksa esa ekaxk tkrk gS] mlh dhotg ls fupys rcds ds yksx vDlj cSafdax lsok ls oafprjg tkrs FksA ysfdu tu èku ;kstuk ds varxZr fcuk nLrkostds Hkh [kkrs [kqyokus dk izkoèkku gSA blds rgr vkèkkj dkMZ]ernkrk igpku i=k] eujsxk dkMZ dks igpku ds izek.k ds:i esa Lohdkj dj fy;k tkrk gSA ;fn fdlh ds ikl ;srhuksa Hkh ugha gSa rks Hkh dksbZ fnDdr ugha gSA os cSad 'kk[kkij Lo;a igqapdj [kkrk [kqyok ldrs gSaA blh rjg irs dkizek.k ugha gksus ij Hkh fdlh dks [kkrk [kqyokus ls jksdk ughatk ldrkA LokHkkfod gS fd ,sls esa 18 o"kZ ls vfèkd vk;qds fdlh Hkh Hkkjrh; ukxfjd dks [kkrk [kksys cxSj ykSVkukcSadksa ds fy, laHko gh ugha gSA

nwljh cM+h otg gS 'kwU; jkf'k ij [kkrs [kqyukA vke rkSj ij[kkrs esa U;wure 1]000 #i;s j[kuk vko';d gS] ftlds dkj.kfngkM+h etnwj tSls yksx [kkrs [kqyokus ls fgpdrs FksA ysfdufcuk dksbZ jde tek fd, [kkrk [kksyus dh lqfoèkk us bl ;kstukdks csgn yksdfiz;] O;kogkfjd vkSj liQy cuk fn;kA

bruk gh ugha] ;fn ekewyh&lh vfrfjDr jkf'k dk Hkqxrkudj fn;k tk, rks bl ;kstuk ds varxZr [kqys [kkrksa ds lkFkiklcqd vkSj psdcqd Hkh izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA blds vafrfjDrnq?kZVuk chek] O;fDrxr chek] vksojMªkÝV dh lqfoèkk] #is dkMZvkSj eksckby cSafdax dh lqfoèkk Hkh bldh fo'ks"krk,a gSaA

vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy, vko';d

tu èku ;kstuk dks Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds fodkl dsfy, cgqr egRoiw.kZ ekuk tk jgk gSA reke vkfFkZd fo'ys"kdeku jgs gSa fd ;fn bls 100 izfr'kr ykxw fd;k x;k rksfoRrh; vLi`';rk dks [kRe dj nsxh ;kuh izR;sd O;fDrcSafdax iz.kkyh vFkkZr~ laxfBr foRrh; lsokvksa ls tqM+ tk,xkA

okLro esa ;g vfHk;ku 1960 ds n'kd esacSadksa ds jk"Vªh;dj.k ds lkFk gh vkjaHkdj fn;k x;k Fkk] ysfdu fiNyh ljdkjsabls y{; rd igqapkus esa liQy ugha gksldhaA tu èku ;kstuk bls vafre O;fDrrd igqapkus ds fy, ,dne lVhd ekuhtk jgh gSA lkoZtfud {ks=k ds cSad Hkheku jgs gSa fd ns'k ds lokZaxh.k fodkl dsfy, bl izdkj dh ;kstuk csgn egRoiw.kZgSA okLro esa xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa [kjhn dh

tcjnLr {kerk gS vkSj foRrh; lalkèku Hkh gSa] fdarq mUgsalaxfBr rjhds ls bLrseky djus ds fy, dksbZ Hkh lkèku ughagSA mu {ks=kksa dh foRrh; {kerk dks futh {ks=k ds cSad Hkhle> jgs gSa vkSj ogka viuh 'kk[kk,a [kksy jgs gSaA ,sls esa tuèku ;kstuk dh enn ls ogka ds foRrh; lkèku cSafdax iz.kkyhesa vk,axs] ftudk leqfpr iz;ksx gks ldsxkA

blds vfrfjDr] xzkeh.k vapyksa esa lkgwdkjksa vkfn dkf'kdatk Hkh yksxksa dks ijs'kku djrk gSA ;fn tu èku ;kstuk dsvarxZr [kkrs [kqy tkrs gSa rks fdlkuksa dks NksVh vkikrvko';drkvksa ds fy, vksojMªkÝV lqfoèkk ds rgr NksVh jdefey ldrh gS vkSj os ½.k ds ik=k Hkh gks ldrs gSaA �

lzksr%

i=k lwpuk dk;kZy;] Hkkjr ljdkj (pib.nic.in)

foRr ea=kky; dh osclkbV (finmin.nic.in)

fn bdukWfed VkbEl (21 tuojh] 2015)fganw fctusl ykbu (1 flracj] 2014)



YH - 317/2014

èkkuea=kh us gky gh esa] ?kjksa rFkk lM+dksa esa ,ybZMh&vkèkkfjr jkS'kuh ds fy,,d jk"Vªh; dk;ZØe dh 'kq:vkr dhA izèkkuea=kh us ,ybZMh cYc dks izdk'k

iFk* dgrs gq, izrhdkRed rkSj ij u;h fnYyh esa lkmFk CykWd esa ,d cYc dsLFkku ij ,ybZMh cYc yxk;kA lkmFk CykWd esa lHkh cYcksa dks cnydj ,ybZMhcYcksa dks yxkus ls gj eghus yxHkx 7000 ;wfuV ÅtkZ dh cpr gksxhA

bl volj ij cksyrs gq,] izèkkuea=kh us ,ybZMh cYcksa ds izlkj ls ÅtkZlaj{k.k dks cpkus ds fy, ,d tuvkanksyu dk vkg~oku fd;kA mUgksaus dgk fdfctyh cukus ls dgha vfèkd lLrk gS fd fctyh cpk;h tk,A blds vkxsmUgksaus dgk fd fctyh cukus ls T;knk eqf'dy fctyh cpkuk gS D;ksafd] tc,d mRiknd daiuh fo'kky ek=kk esa fctyh iSnk djrh gS] rks fctyh dh mlek=kk dks cpkus ds fy, mls djksM+ksa yksxksa dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh dh vko';drkgksrh gSA blfy, mUgksaus yksxksa esa blds izfr yksxksa esa tkx:drk iQSykus dkvkg~oku fd;kA mUgksaus bu dk;ZØeksa esa mu gfLr;ksa o izfrf"Br ukxfjdksa dks cM+sLrj ij tqM+us ds fy, dgk tks yksxksa esa ,ybZMh cYcksa dks viukus ds fy, mUgsaizksRlkfgr dj ldsaA izèkkuea=kh us ÅtkZ n{krk ds izfr lans'k nsus o yksxksa esatkx:drk iSnk djus ds fy, u, rjhds lq>krs gq, dgk fd u, lky ds rksgiQksads rkSj ij dSysaMjksa vkSj Mk;fj;ksa dh txg ,ybZMh nh tkuh pkfg,A mUgksauslq>ko fn;k fd daifu;ka Hkh ykHkka'k Hkqxrku ds lkFk ,ybZMh ckaV ldrh gSaA

izèkkuea=kh us bl ;kstuk ds ftyk Lrjh; y{;ksa o ,d yk[k dh tula[;kokys lHkh dLcksa esa izkFkfedrk nsrs gq, dgk fd bl dk;ZØe esa m|fe;ksa]izfrf"Br ukxfjdksa o vketu dk gLr{ksi ,d ns'kHkfDr dk dk;Z gksxk D;ksasfd;g vk;kr fcy de djsxk vkSj ;g ,d lekt lsok dk dke Hkh gS D;ksafd

;g okrkoj.k dks Hkh cpk,xkA ljdkj dh vksj ls dh tk jgh ;g igy] ns'kHkjesa ÅtkZ n{krk ds lans'k dks iQSykus dh fn'kk esa ,d iz;kl gSA ,ybZMh cYcksa dkthou yack gksrk gS tks vke cYcksa dh vis{kk yxHkx ipkl xquk vfèkd gS] vkSj;g lh,iQ,y ls Hkh vkB ls nl xquk vfèkd pyrk gSA blfy, ;g eè;evofèk esa ÅtkZ rFkk ykxr cpr nksuksa iznku djrh gSA

,ybZMh cYc ekpZ 2015 ls dbZ pj.kksa esa ckaVs tk,axsA lkS 'kgjksa ds ?kjksa olM+dksa ij ,ybZMh cYc yxk, tkus ds y{; okyh ;g iwjh ifj;kstuk ekpZ 2016rd iwjk dj nh tk,xhA çèkkuea=kh us ?kjsyw fctyh cpr ;kstuk (MhbZ,yih) dsvarxZr fnYyh ds miHkksDrkvksa }kjk ,ybZMh cYc çkIr djus ds vkosnuksa dsiathdj.k ds fy, ,d osc&vkèkkfjr ç.kkyh dh Hkh 'kq:vkr dhA miHkksDrkosclkbV (www.eeslindia.org/Delhi-Launch) ij ;k fuèkkZfjr uEcj ij,l,e,l Hkstdj iathdj.k dj ldrs gSaA izèkkuea=kh us lcls igys iathdj.kdjkus okys fnYyh ds ,d vke ukxfjd dks nks ,ybZMh cYc çnku fd,A

ekpZ] 2015 ls ,ybZMh cYcksa dks pj.kc¼ rjhds ls forfjr fd;k tk,xkAy{; j[kk x;k gS fd ekpZ] 2016 rd 100 'kgjksa esa ?kjksa vkSj lM+dksa ij ,ybZMhcYc yxk, tkus dh ifj;kstuk iwjh dj yh tk,A

fnYyh esa ?kjsyw miHkksDrkvksa dks ,ybZMh cYc 10 #i, ds 'kq:vkrh Hkqxrku ijfn, tk,axs vkSj 12 eghus rd çfr cYc 10 #i, muds fctyh ds fcy esa ls dkVstk,axsA bl çdkj ,ybZMh cYc] cktkj dher 350 ls 600 :i, çfr cYc dhrqyuk esa bl ;kstuk ds rgr ?kjsyw miHkksDrkvksa dks çfr cYc 130 #i, dh dherij fn, tk,axsA fnYyh ds ?kjksa esa ,d ,ybZMh cYc yxkus ls yxHkx 162 #i, dhokf"kZd cpr dk vuqeku gSA ,ybZMh cYcksa dh rhu lky dh okjaVh gksxhA

iz,ybZMh izdk'k iz;ksx dks izksRlkgu ds fy, jk"Vªh; dk;ZØe

fodkl iFk


'o cSad vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; eqækdks"k dh LFkkiuk f}rh; fo'o;q¼ osQ ckn vesfjdk osQ czsVu

oqM~l esa ,d varjkZ"Vªh; lekjksg osQ njE;kule>kSrs osQ rgr gqbZ FkhA blhfy, bu varjkZ"Vªh;foÙkh; laLFkkuksa dks czsVu oqM~l laLFkku dgktkus yxkA

fo'o cSad dk mn~ns'; vesfjdh lalkèkuksadk ;q¼ ls {kfrxzLr ;wjksi osQ iqufuZekZ.k osQfy, mi;ksx fd;k tkuk FkkA tcfdvarjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k dk mn~ns'; oSf'odekSfæd O;oLFkk dks LFkkf;Ro çnku djukFkk tks lu~ rhl osQ n'kd esa Lo.kZ ekudosQ èoLr gksus osQ lkFk vkbZ oSf'od eanhdh otg ls vLr&O;Lr FkhA

;wjksi osQ rsth ls gq, iqufuZekZ.k vkSj lu~1971 esa vesfjdk osQ Lo.kZ ekud ls gVusosQ ckn tc ,d nwljs osQ f[kykiQ çeq[kfjtoZ eqækvksa dks NksM+ fn;k x;k] rks mlosQckn fo'ocSad vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; eqækdks"k eq[;r%fodk'k'khy ns'kksa dh t:jrksa dks iwjk djusesa yx x,A

;s eku fy;k x;k Fkk fd ;s ns'k iwath dhHk;adj deh ls tw> jgs gSa tks muesa nksvyx&vyx lajpukRed ?kkVs dks c<+kok nsjgh FkhA oks nks ?kkVs Fks pkyw [kkrs dk ?kkVk(djsaV vdkmaV fMfiQflV) ftlus mUgsa fons'khcprksa rd igqapus osQ fy, çsfjr fd;k vkSjnwljk Fkk cpr ?kkVk (lsfoax fMfiQflV) D;ksafdmudh ljdkjsa Hk;adj foÙkh; ?kkVs ls xqtj jghFkha pwafd oks fodkl osQ cM+s ,tsaMksa dks foÙkiksf"krdjus esa tqVh Fkha ftlus cqfu;knh <kapksa vkSj

lkekftd fodkl dk;ks± ij fo'kky ljdkjh[kpZs dks vko';d cuk fn;kA vDlj jktdks"kh;?kkVk (fiQldy fMfiQflV) pkyw [kkrs osQ?kkVs (djsaV vdkmaV fMfiQflV) osQ :i esaifjofrZr gks tkrkA ;s nksuksa ?kkVs&;kuh fuos'kosQ eqdkcys ?kjsyw cpr vkSj lexz cpr dhrqyuk esa lkoZtfud cpr& fodkl'khy ns'kksaesa fodkl dh jkg esa ckèkk ekus x,A

pwafd futh iwath dk çokg fodkl'khyns'kksa esa tksf[ke dh vk'kadk dh otg lslhfer Fkk] rks ,sls esa os vklku ysfdu^l'krZ* f}i{kh; lgk;rkvksa vkSj cgqi{kh;dtks± ij fuHkZj Fks tks fo'ocSad vkSj {ks=kh;lkaLFkkfud foÙkh; laLFkkvksa tSls ,Mhch(,f'k;u MsoyiesaV cSad)] vkbZ,Mhch (baVjvesfjdu MsoyiesaV cSad) ;k ,,iQMhch(vçQhdu MsoyiesaV cSad) ij fuHkZj Fksrkfd vius cpr&fuos'k ?kkVs dh iwfrZ djlosaQA fo'ocSad nksuksa rjg osQ cqfu;knh <kapksa&;kuh HkkSfrd vkSj lkekftd&nksuksa osQ fy,foÙkh; enn eqgS;k djkrk FkkA

gkykafd bl rjg dh enn dh T;knkrjt:jrsa ?kjsyw eqækvksa esa gksrh Fkha vkSj vxjfofue; nj ds tksf[ke dks tksM+ fy;k tk, rksBksl eqæk esa fo'ocSad dh enn lLrh ughagksrh FkhA ,sls esa fodkl'khy ns'k bu jkf'k;ksadks ?kjsyw cktkj ls dtZ ysus dh otk; fiQjHkh gkfly dj ysuk pkgrs Fks D;ksafd ;gmuosQ Hkqxrku larqyu (cSysal vkWWiQ isesaV) dhHkjikbZ djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk djrkFkkA varjkZ"Vªh; eqækdks"k bldh HkjikbZvkikrdkyhu Hkqxrku larqyu (cSysal vkWWiQ

fo

fo'ks"k vkys[k

mnh;eku cktkj vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; laLFkk,a

vkyksd 'khy

mHkjrs gq, cktkj vc oSdfYid

laLFkkvksa dh rjiQ c<+ jgs gSa

rkfd os viuh vR;fèkd cprksa

dk lgh txg mi;ksx dj ldsaA

;s laLFkk,a gSa& iwohZ ,f'k;k esa

fp;kax esa bfuf'k,fVo] ,f'k;u

bUÚkLVªDpj iaQM vkSj fczDl

ns'kksa dk U;w MsoyiesaV cSad vkSj

dafVtsalh fjtoZ vjsatesaVA ;s

laLFkk,a varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k

vksj fo'ocSad dh Hkwfedk dk

LFkku ysaxh vc ns[kuk ;s gS fd

;s mnh;eku vkfFkZd 'kfDr;ka

mu HkwjktuSfrd lg;ksx dks

gkfly djus esa dke;kc gks

ikrh gSa ;k ugha tSlk fd

vesfjdk vkSj ;wjksi us vkil esa

lg;ksx djds fd;k Fkk

ys[kd Hkkjrh; iz'kklfud lsok (vkbZ,,l) ds vf/dkjh gSaA mUgsa fodkl rFkk eSØks&vFkZ'kkL=k laca/h uhfrxr eqn~nksa ij dke djus dk yxHkx rhu n'kdksa dk vuqHkogkfly gSA og th&20 esa Hkkjr dk izfrfuf/Ro Hkh dj pqds gSaA og dsjy rFkk Hkkjr ljdkj ds foÙk foHkkxksa esa lsok djus ds lkFk okf'kaxVu Mhlh esa dwVuhfrdftEesnkjh fuHkk pqds gSa vkSj iz/kuea=kh dh vkfFkZd lykgdkj ifj"kn ds lfpo Hkh jgs gSaA bZesy% [email protected]


varjkZ"Vªh; eqækdks"k }kjk fn, tkjgs dtks± esa deh dh eq[; otg ekaxesa deh Fkh] D;ksafd futh iwath osQçokg us fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh mlfons'kh eqæk dh deh dks Hkj fn;kFkkA viokn fliQZ de vkenuh okysns'k ;k la?k"kks± esa my>s gq, ukdke;kcns'k Fks tgka ls futh iwath us viuk eqageksM+ fy;k FkkA

isesaV) osQ }kjk djrk Fkk D;ksafd fodkl'khyns'k vpkud vkbZ foÙkh; #dkoVksa dh otgls uktqd fLFkfr esa gksrs FksA lu~ 1991 esa[kkM+h ;q¼ osQ ckn Hkkjr dk fons'kh eqæk HkaMkjegt 1 vjc MkWyj dk jg x;k Fkk ftlus;gka Hkqxrku larqyu dk ladV (cSysal vkWWiQisesaV) [kM+k dj fn;k ftlls iwjh nqfu;k dkHkjkslk bldh dtZ vnk;xh dh {kerk vkSjlsokvksa osQ çfr Mxexk x;k D;ksafd bldhfons'kh eqæk lk[k dks ?kVk fn;k x;kA urhtruHkkjr us varjkZ"Vªh; eqækdks"k osQ lkFk ,dfoÙkh; le>kSrk fd;k ftlesa blus dBksj 'krks±*dk ikyu djus dh ckr dgh vkSj mls viuhvar%eq[kh vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa dks iwjh rjg lsiquxZfBr vkSj mnkj djuk iM+kA

ml le;] vkfFkZd ekeyksa osQ foHkkx osQfons'kh foÙk laHkkx ([kaM) dk eq[; è;kuf}i{kh; vkSj cgqi{kh; ekè;eksa ls nqyZHk fons'kheqæk vftZr djus] mlosQ çcaèku vkSj lkFk ghckgjh okf.kfT;d mèkkfj;ksa dks fu;af=kr djusesa yxk gqvk Fkk rkfd varjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh; cktkjrd viuh lhfer igqap dks O;ofLFkr j[kktk losQA fofue; nj ij ljdkj fu;a=k.kj[krh Fkh vkSj ,d iFkd fons'kh eqæk ctVdh O;oLFkk Fkh ftlosQ }kjk nqyZHk fons'kh eqækosQ vkcaVu dks çkFkfedrk osQ vkèkkj ijfØ;kfUor fd;k tkrk FkkA gdhdr ;s Fkh fddPps rsy osQ fy, fons'kh eqæk dh t:jrksa osQeísutj MhbZ, (vkfFkZd ekeyksa osQ foHkkx) esa,d vyx ls ihvks,y (;kuh isVªksfy;e vkWW;yY;wfczosaQVl) uke dk foHkkx FkkA fons'k O;kikjfoHkkx dk eq[; è;ku fons'kh eqæk osQ laj{k.kvkSj vk;kr fodYiksa dh vksj yxk jgrk FkkAvkfFkZd ekeyksa osQ foHkkx osQ lcls egRoiweZ[kaM Fks& iQaM cSad] f}i{kh; lgk;rk laHkkx(ckbysVsjy ,M fMohtu) vkSj fons'khokf.kfT;d dtZ laHkkx (,DlVuZy dkWef'kZ;yckWjksbax) A iQaM cSad dk dke Fkk fo'ocSad],f'k;u MsoyiesaV cSad vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; eqækdks"k ls T;knk ls T;knk ek=kk esa fons'kh eqækgkfly djuk] f}i{kh; lgk;rk laHkkx dkdke Fkk fodflr ns'kksa ls futh rkSj ij lgk;rkgkfly djus dk ç;kl djuk vkSj okf.kT;ddtZ laHkkx (,DlVuZy dkWef'kZ;y ckWjksbax)dk dke Fkk ,d dls gq, fu;af=kr ekudksa osQvèkhu ckgjh dtZ cktkjksa ls mèkkjh ysus osQfy, fu;e cukuk vkSj mldh eatwjh nsukA ,d

can iwath cktkj osQ eísutj] fons'kh fuos'k dkçokg vfLrRoghu gh FkkA

lu~ 1991 esa Hkqxrku larqyu ladV (cSysalvkWWiQ isesaV) osQ ifjçs{; esa gq, mnkjhdj.kvkSj Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk osQ [kqyus osQ ckn]vc fons'kh eqæk nqyHkZ lalkèku ugha jg xbZgSA fons'kh eqæk dh ckr ;k ihvks,y ctV(;kuh isVªksfy;e vkWW;y Y;wfczosaQVl) vcbfrgkl dh ckrsa gks xbZ gSaA fons'kh okf.kT;ddtks± dk çcaèku fjtoZ cSad dks ns fn;k x;kgS] ;gka rd fd fons'kh fuos'k foHkkx vcvkfFkZd ekeyksa osQ foHkkx osQ cjkcj egRoiw.kZgks x;k gSA vc fons'k O;kikj foHkkx viukegRo [kks cSBk gS D;ksafd O;kikj uhfr ijokf.kT; foHkkx dk opZLo gks x;k gS tksfo'o O;kikj laxBu osQ lkFk okrkZ djrk gSAf}i{kh; vkSj cgqi{kh; foHkkx vHkh Hkh gSaysfdu mudk iwoZ dk egRo vc [kRe gks

x;k gS] lkFk gh fons'kh lgk;rk laHkkx dhHkh ;gh fLFkfr gqbZ gSA vc mUgsa cnyko dhgok osQ lkFk cnyus dh t:jr gS vkSj viusvkidks iquiZfjHkkf"kr djus dh t:jr gSA

;s ifjorZu gky osQ lkyksa esa oSf'odvFkZO;oLFkk esa cM+s cnykoksa dks n'kkZrs gSaAfiNyh lnh osQ vkf[kjh dky ls vgefodkl'khy ns'kksa esa gq, fodkl us] ftls vc^mHkjrs gq, cktkjksa* osQ :i esa tkuk tkrk gS]rsth ls Nykax yxkbZA ,slk muosQ }kjk viuscktkjksa dks [kksyus vkSj ckgjh ekxksa ij fuHkZjgksus dh otg ls gqvk ftls mUgksaus viusfodkl dk batu cuk fy;kA mudk pkyw [kkrkfo'kky equkiQk n'kkZus yxkA vc os 'kq¼ cprdjus okys cu x, vkSj iwath dk vk;kr djusdh otk; mlosQ fu;kZrd cu x,A bldkurhtk ;s gqvk fd muosQ ikl fo'kky fons'kheqæk HkaMkj tek gks x;kA ;gka rd fd HkkjrtSls mHkjrs gq, cktkj Hkh ftudk vrhr cpr

vkSj fuos'k esa deh dk Fkk] ogka Hkh cM+h ek=kkesa iwath dk çokg gqvkA oks bruk gks x;k fdmudh {kerkvksa ls T;knk Fkk vkSj mlus vpkudvkus okyh #dkoVksa ls eqdkcyk djus osQ fy,mUgsa rS;kj dj fn;kA bldk urhtk ;g gqvkfd varjkZ"Vªh; eqækdks"k osQ çeq[k ysunkj mllsnwj gksus yxsA

varjkZ"Vªh; eqækdks"k }kjk fn, tk jgs dtks±esa deh dh eq[; otg ekax esa deh Fkh]D;ksafd futh iwath osQ çokg us fodkl'khyns'kksa dh ml fons'kheqæk dh deh dks Hkjfn;k FkkA viokn fliQZ de vkenuh okysns'k ;k la?k"kks± esa my>s gq, ukdke;kc ns'k Fkstgka ls futh iwath us viuk eqag eksM+ fy;kFkkA ysfdu tgka rd fo'ocSad dh ckr Fkhrks dtZ esa deh dh otg ogka vkiwfrZ i{kdh leL;k Fkh] D;ksafd dqN otgksa ls bluscqfu;knh <kapksa esa fn, tk jgs dtks± ls èkhjs&èkhjsviuk gkFk [khap fy;k Fkk vkSj rsth lsrjDdh dj jgs fodkl'khy cktkjksa dh c<+rhfodkl&ijd t:jrksa osQ fglkc ls bldklalkèku ugha c<+ ik;k FkkA

;g cgqr Li"V ugha gS fd fo'ocSad usviuk è;ku cqfu;knh <kaps esa lgk;rk nsus lsgVkdj lhèks xjhch mUewyu vkSj vkthfodkdk;ZØeksa dh rjiQ D;ksa dj fy;kA 3 fnlacj1982 dks jkWcVZ v'kj dks fn, vius lk{kkRdkjesa egcwc vy gd (lu~ lÙkj osQ n'kd esafo'ocSad osQ uhfr ;kstuk foHkkx osQ funs'kdvkSj ekuo fodkl fjiksVZ osQ laLFkkid) dhckr ls yxrk gS fd ,slk mu fparkvksa dhotg ls Fkk fd fodkl dk ykHk uhps dhrjiQ ugha tk ik jgk Fkk] D;ksafd fodkl'khyns'kksa esa vkfFkZd fo"kerk c<+rh gh tk jghFkhA lkekftd {ks=kksa vkSj vkthfodk ;kstukvksaosQ }kjk lhèks gLr{ksi djosQ xjhcksa dh vkenuhvkSj mudh mRikndrk c<+kus dks t:jh le>kx;kA os fpark,a gdhdr esa vHkh Hkh dk;egSa tSlk fd igys dh ljdkjksa osQ vèkhu osHkkjrh; vkfFkZd uhfr esa gq, cnyko dksjs[kkafdr djrh gSa ftlesa fodkl ls lkekftdlqj{kk ra=k vkSj vkenuh osQ iqufoZrj.k dhrjiQ è;ku fn;k tk jgk gSA egcwc&my&gddk oks lk{kkRdkj fo'ocSad dh ekSf[kd bfrgklifj;kstuk dk fgLlk FkkA

xjhch mUewyu dh fn'kk esa fVdkÅ mRikdrkij tksj fn;k tkuk mYys[kuh; gS D;ksafd


;g Li"V ugha gS fd mHkjrh gqbZcktkj vFkZO;oLFkkvksa us ftuosQ iklfo'kky fons'kh eqæk HkaMkj Fks] varjkZ"Vªh;foÙkh; laLFkkvksa ls D;ksa dtZ fy;k tksfd T;knkrj mudh ?kjsyw eqækvksa dk[kpZ Fkk vkSj ftlus muosQ fons'kh dtZdk s c<+k gh fn;k vk Sj ckgjhfopyuksa@ifjorZuksa osQ çfr mUgsa T;knkuktqd cuk fn;kA

xjhch] Je dh de mRikndrk dk gh nwljkuke gSA ysfdu tSlk fd vc Hkkjr eglwldj jgk gS fd cqfu;knh <kpksa esa deh] iwthdh mRikndrk dks detksj dj nsrh gS tcfdlkekftd <kps esa fodkl dh deh] Je dhmRikndrk dks vkthfodk osQ dk;ZØe lkekftdlqj{kk ra=k osQ fy, çHkkoh gks ldrs gSa ysfduxjhch mUewyu esa lgk;d ugha gks ldrsD;ksafd y?kq mRiknd bl vkS|ksfxd vkSj oSf'odnqfu;k esa çfrLièkhZ gksus esa fnDdrksa dk lkeukdjrs gSaA og yM+kbZ vkS|ksfxd Økafr osQ lkFkgh cgqr igys gh gkjh tk pqdh gSA gky osQfnuksa esa Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk osQ fodkl esa tksdeh vkbZ gS mldk dkj.k fuos'k esa gqbZ rhczdeh ugha] cfYd ml fuos'k osQ urhtksa (equkiQs)esa gqbZ deh gS] vkSj ftldk dkj.k cqfu;knh<kapksa esa rsth ls c<+rh ckèkk,a vkSj ljdkjhvM+pus gSaA

czsVu oqM~l laLFkkvksa esa lalkèkuksa dh dehmu dkjdksa ls vkSj c<+ xbZ ftldk dkj.kfodflr vFkZO;oLFkkvksa] çeq[k Hkkxhnkjksa vkSjblosQ lalkèku osQ ;ksxnkudrkZ ns'kksa esa vk jghlarIrrk] mudk èkhek fodkl vkSj mudk mPpfoÙkh; ?kkVk FkkA os vc bu laLFkkvksa osQ fy,lalkèku nsus esa vfuPNqd vkSj rsth ls v;ksX;gksrs tk jgs Fks D;ksafd mUgksaus eglwl fd;k fddkykarj esa bldk vfèkdka'k rst jÝrkj rjDdhdj jgs fodkl'khy ns'kksa ;k mHkjrs cktkjksa dhrjiQ mUeq[k gks tk,xkA Hkkjr esa ges'kk lsifj;kstukvksa dh ,d yach drkj jgh Fkh ftlsfo'ocSad dk ½.k iwjk djus esa ukdke jgkFkkA fiQj Hkh bu laLFkkvksa osQ lalkèku ekSfyd:i ls ladV esa iQals de vkneuh okys ns'kksadh foÙkh; t:jrksa dks iwjk djus osQ fy,i;kZIr le>s tkrs FksA

th 20 osQ rRokoèkku esa gkfy;k oSf'odladV dk tks tokc fn;k x;k mlus vpkudvarjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k dh Hkwfedk vkSj lalkèkuksaesa c<+ksrjh dj nhA eqækdks"k osQ lalkèku dksrhuxq.kk dj fn;k x;k rkfd ,d ,slh nqfu;kesa Hkqxrku larqyu ladV (cSysal vkWWiQ isesaV)dks nwj fd;k tk losQ ftldh fo'ks"krk cgqrrsth ls fo'kky vkSj vfLFkj iwath dk çokgcurh tk jgh FkhA pwafd cM+s mHkjrs cktkjksa usfo'kky fons'kh eqæk HkaMkj tek dj fy, Fksrks muosQ csyvkmV (foÙkh; enn nsdjmckjuk) dh t:jr ;k mldh laHkkouk de

Fkh tks dqN fodflr vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa cM+hek=kkvksa esa vko';d Fkh& [kkldj ifjèkh;;wjksi osQ ns'kksa esaA gdhdr esa vc mHkjrh gqbZcktkj vFkZO;oLFkk,a (bZ,ebZt) varjkZ"Vªh;eqækdks"k osQ lalkèkuksa esa ;ksxnkudrkZ cu xb±Avc csyvkmV osQ fy, fo'kky iwath HkaMkjvarjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k dh otk; ;k rks vesfjdkosQ ikl gSa tks fd nqfu;k ds çeq[k vkj{kheqæk&MkWyj Nkirk gS ;k fiQj mHkjrh gqbZcktkj vFkZO;oLFkk [kkldj phu osQ iklftlosQ ikl fo'kky fons'kh eqæk HkaMkj gSA

gkykfd fo'ocSad }kjk fn;k tkus okyk½.k Hkh Bhd&Bkd c<+k gS] ysfdu ladVosQ nkSjku ,slk vLFkk;h :i ls gqvkA çdV:i esa ,slk vkaf'kd rkSj ij futh iwath(?kjsyw vkSj fons'kh nksuksa) osQ gkFk [khap fy,tkus osQ dkj.k tks fuos'k esa [kkbZ iSnk gks xbZFkh mls ikVus osQ fy, gqvkA th&20 ns'k ,d

j.kuhfr ls ;ksa oafpr gks x, fd os fo'ocSaddh mèkkj nsus dh {kerk dks i;kZIr iquiZwathdj.kdjosQ ugha c<+k ik,A vxj ,slk gksrk rks ogçHkko'kkyh rjhosQ ls oSf'od cprksa dk ekè;ecudj fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa mPp o`f¼ njdks fVdkÅ cukus esa ennxkj lkfcr gks ikrkAblls oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk dks fuEu fodklosQ jkLrs ls mckjus esa enn feyrh tks oSf'odvkfFkZd ladV osQ ckn ls fodflr ns'kksa esaekax dh deh dh otg ls Mwc x;k gSAblfy, tgka ,d rjiQ th&20 osQ çksRlkguls fo'ocSad }kjk cqfu;knh <kapksa dks nh tkjgh foÙkh; enn ,d Lokxr;ksX; ço`fÙk Fkh]ogha bls ml ço`fÙk dks çHkko'kkyh <ax lsiwjk djus osQ fy, lalkèku ugha fn, x,A

,sls esa loky ;s gS fd fczVsu oqM~llaLFkkvksa (chM~yowvkbZt) osQ ifjçs{; esafodkl'khy ns'k vius vkidks dgka [kM+kikrs gSa\

tgka rd fo'o cSad dk loky Fkk rksH k kjr lesr cg qr lkjh fodkl'khyvFkZO;oLFkk,a muosQ lcls cM+s dtZ ysusokys ns'kksa esa ls Fkha D;ksafd mudh fodkldh t:jrsa [kkldj cqfu;knh <kaps dh t:jrsacgqr T;knk FkhaA blfy, ;g Li"V ugha gS fdmHkjrh gqbZ cktkj vFkZO;oLFkkvksa us ftuosQikl fo'kky fons'kh eqæk HkaMkj Fks] varjkZ"Vªh;foÙkh; laLFkkvksa ls D;ksa dtZ fy;k tks fdT;knkrj mudh ?kjsyw eqækvksa dk [kpZ FkkvkSj ftlus muosQ fons'kh dtZ dks c<+k ghfn;k vkSj ckgjh fopyuksa@ifjorZuksa osQ çfrmUgsa T;knk uktqd cuk fn;kA fodkl'khyns'kksa esa tks iwath osQ çokg esa rsth vkbZ gS oksekSfyd :i ls futh iwath dk çokg gS] fiQjHkh cgqr lkjs fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh ljdkjsavius cqfu;knh <kaps vkSj lkekftd lsokvksaosQ fy, lalkèkuksa dh deh ls tw>rh vk jghgSaA gkykafd fdlh ckgjh èkDds dh lwjr esaos vius fodkl y{;ksa dh iwfrZ ?kjsyw dtks±ls dj ldrh gSa ftlls mudh jkg vklkugh gksxhA ysfdu fiQj Hkh varjkZ"Vªh; foÙkh;laLFkkuksa dh Hkwfedk vge gks tkrh gS&[kkldj cgq&ns'kh; (ftlesa dbZ ns'kksa dhlhek osQ vkj&ikj dk ekeyk gks) cqfu;knh<kaps okyh ifj;kstukvksa dks lg&la;ksftrdjus vkSj vkaf'kd :i ls foÙk&iksf"kr djusesa& ftlosQ vHkko esa iM+ksl osQ ns'k ,dnwljs ij Hkjkslk ugha dj ikrs gSa vkSj fpafrrfuos'kd fuos'k djus esa fgpdrs gSaA

[kSj tks Hkh gks] dVq okLrfodrk ;gh gSfd fo'ocSad osQ dtks± dh ek=kk çeq[k mHkjrhgqbZ cktkj vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa muosQ ?kjsywlzksrksa osQ eqdkcys gkf'k;s ij gh jgus okyhgSA ,slk blfy, fd th&20 ns'kksa us fo'ocSad lalkèkuksa dks varjkZ"Vªh; eqækdks"k osQ Lrjrd c<+kus esa cgqr de #fp fn[kkbZ gSAmudh jk; ;s gS fd ;s lalkèku T;knkrj cM+hcktkj vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa pys tk,axs] ftudhof¼ nj Hkh rst gS] foÙkh; fLFkfr Hkh ikjaifjdnkrkvksa ls cgqr vPNh gS vkSj muosQ ikli;kZIr fons'kh eqæk HkaMkj Hkh gSA nwljh rjiQHkkjr lesr vU; mHkjrh gqbZ cktkj vFkZO;oLFkk,acSad osQ lalkèku bdV~Bk djus osQ ç;kal esa'kk;n gh egRoiw.kZ nkrk cu ik,axh D;ksafdmudh viuh fodkl dh fojkV vko';drk,agSaA ljdkjksa osQ fy, vius ns'k osQ yksxksa dks


bldh laHkkouk T;knk gS fd Hkkjrvius fons'kh eqæk HkaMkj dh otg lsvarjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k ls dtZ gkflydjus dh otk; mlesa ldy ;ksxnkudrkZcu ldrk gSA blus oSls Hkh gky osQdqN lkyksa esa dbZ mHkjrh gqbZ cktkjvFkZO;oLFkkvksa osQ lkFk varjkZ"Vªh; eqækdks"k osQ lalkèku esa ;ksxnku djus osQçfr çfrc¼rk tkfgj dh gSA

le>kuk eqf'dy gks ldrk gS fd fo'ocSadosQ çfr D;ksa vPNh&[kklh çfrc¼rk n'kkZbZtk, tc muosQ vius cqfu;knh vkSj lkekftd<kaps dks fodflr ns'kksa osQ Lrj rd ykus osQfy, fo'kky èku dh t:jr gSA

;gh rdZ rc Hkh lkeus vkrk gS tcvarjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k esa muosQ ;ksxnku dh ckrvkrh gS] [kkldj rc tc bu lalkèkuksa dkbLrseky fodflr ;wjks tksu ns'kksa dks csyvkmV djus esa fd;k tk jgk gS ftudh çfrO;fDr vk; rst jÝrkj mHkjrh cktkjvFkZO;oLFkkvksa okys ns'kksa ls T;knk gSA Hkkjr us,d fo'kky fons'kh eqæk HkaMkj tek dj fy;kFkk ftlus oSf'od vkfFkZd ladV osQ nkSj esaiwath osQ iyk;u osQ nkSjku bls cpkus esa enndh tcfd bls yxs ckgjh >VosQ dk tksj lu~uCcs osQ n'kd esa vk, ladV ls Hkh T;knk Fkktc ns'k dks Hkqxrku larqyu ladV dk lkeukdjuk iM+k FkkA ysfdu yacs le; esa ,slhmEehn gS fd Hkkjr esa ldy iwath dk çokgblosQ pkyw [kkrs dk ?kkVk (djsaV vdkmaVfMfiQflV) ls T;knk gks tk,xk (D;ksafd eq[;larqyudkjh lkefxz;ksa esa rsy dh dhersa ?kkVsvkSj larqyu osQ chp dk iyM+k >qdk jgh gSa)A,slh mEehn gS fd Hkkjr esa cM+h ek=kk esa iwathdk çokg gksxk tSlk fd gkfy;k vrhr esagqvk Hkh gSA la{ksi esa ;s dgk tk ldrk gS fdbldh laHkkouk T;knk gS fd Hkkjr vius fons'kheqæk HkaMkj dh otg ls varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k lsdtZ gkfly djus dh otk; mlesa ldy;ksxnkudrkZ cu ldrk gSA blus oSls Hkh gkyosQ dqN lkyksa esa dbZ mHkjrh gqbZ cktkjvFkZO;oLFkkvksa osQ lkFk varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"kosQ lalkèku esa ;ksxnku djus osQ çfr çfrc¼rktkfgj dh gSA

ml fglkc ls ns[kk tk, rks ;s mEehn dhtk ldrh gS fd j.kuhfrd :i ls Hkkjrlesr T;knkrj cM+s fodkl'khy ns'k bu nksczsVu oqM~l laLFkkvksa esa fcYdqy vyx txgij [kqn dks [kM+s ikrs gSaA blesa lansg ugha fdç'kklu osQ fo"k; tSls fd ernku 'kfDr;ksa esalekurk vkSj ofj"B dk;Zdkjh inksa ij fu;qfDrlHkh fodkl'khy ns'kksa osQ fy, egRoiw.kZ gSa]ysfdu mudh ç'kkldh; fpark,a ,d ,slslaxBu esa T;knk cM+h gSa tgka mudk ntkZçeq[k dtZ ysus okys ns'kksa dh otk; çeq[k;ksxnkudrkZ ns'kksa esa gks ldrk gSA varjkZ"Vªh;

eqæk dks"k esa xaHkhj ç'kkldh; lqèkkjksa dht:jr gS rkfd bls U;k;iw.kZ cuk;k tk losQvkSj mHkjrh gqbZ cktkj vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dks HkhT;knk LokfeRo dk ,glkl nsdj mUgsa T;knk;ksxnku djus osQ fy, çsfjr fd;k tk losQA

blhfy, tgka rd fo'ocSad dh ckr gS rksT;knkrj fodkl'khy ns'k] ns'k fo'ks"k ;k f}i{kh;osaQfær ifj;kstukvksa dks gkfly djuk] foÙktkjh djuk ;k ifj;kstuk çcaèku tkjh j[kusdk ç;kl djsaxsA tcfd varjhZ"Vªh; eqækdks"kdh tc ckr vk,xh rks os cgqi{kh; :i lstqM+s jguk ilan djrs gSa D;ksafd mudh fparklalkèku tqVkus osQ rjhdksa dh rjiQ osaQfær gkstkrh gS tgka mu lalkèkuksa dks mudh l{kerk]lqj{kk] oSf'od fuxjkuh vkSj ç'kklu osQ nf"Vdks.kls bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA vc rd bulaLFkkvksa dh fuxjkuh vkSj uhfrxr lykg dk<kapk fodkl'khy ns'kksa osQ çfr gh osaQfær Fkk]

D;ksafd ogha muosQ eq[; dtZ ysus okys ns'kgqvk djrs FksA ysfdu ;g varjkZ"Vªh; eqækdks"kesa cny jgk gS D;ksafd ;wjksih; ns'k vc eq[;dtZ ysus okys ns'k gks x, gSaA vo#¼ fodklnj] Hkqxrku larqyu ladV] foÙkh; ?kkVk vkSjdtZ dk xSj&fVdkÅ mi;ksx&tks fodk'k'khyns'kksa dh ikjaifjd leL;k,a Fkha& bl ij fodflrvFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa Hkh fuxjkuh dh t:jr gSAvc mudks Hkh <kapkxr lqèkkj dh mruh ght:jr gS ftruh fodkl'khy ns'kksa dksA gkykafdbl iqul±;kstu dh laHkkouk de gh fn[k jghgS tc rd fd bu varjkZ"Vªh; laLFkkvksa osQç'kkldh; <kapksa esa çeq[k lk>hnkjksa dh gSfl;resa lqèkkj djosQ le:irk ugha ykbZ tk losQAorZeku esa buesa fodflr vFkZ O;oLFkkvksa dkopZLo gSA th&20 esa Hkkjr lesr vU; fczDl(czkthy] :l] Hkkjr vkSj phu) ns'kksa us bueqíksa dks mBkuk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA vke lgefrij vkus dk ,d rjhdk ;s gS fd bu laLFkkvksa

dk ç'kklu ,slk gks tks th&20 ns'kksa dksikjLifjd :i ls Lohdk;Z gksA gkykafd mHkjrhgqbZ cktkj vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dks Hkh orZeku dhrqyuk esa fuxjkuh] 'kq#vkrh psrkouh vkSjoSf'od vkSj {ks=kh; fodkl vuqekuksa osQ çfrT;knk xfrfofèk;k fn[kkuh gksxhaA d;ksafd bulcdk çHkko iQaM osQ lalkèku dh t:jrksavkSj mldh mi;ksfxrk ij iM+rk gS ftlesa osçeq[k ;ksxnkudrkZ cu jgs gSaA ;g fparkfodkl'khy vkSj fodflr nksuksa rjg osQ ns'kksadks gksuh pkfg,A

la{ksi esa dgsa rks yxrk gS fd czsVu oqMfoÙkh; laLFkk,a bfrgkl esa vVd xbZ gSa D;ksafdmuosQ ç'kklu dk <kapk oSf'od jktuhfrdvFkZO;oLFkk esa vk, cnyko osQ lkFk dnerkyugha dj ik;k gSA tc ,d ckj ;wjksih; iqufuZek.kdk dke iwjk gks x;k] rks mudk lalkèkuvFkZiw.kZ <ax ls ugha c<+ ik;kA fczDl tSlhmHkjrh gqbZ vkfFkZd 'kfDr osQ er dh fgLlsnkjhcktkj ewY; ij muosQ oSf'od ldy ?kjsywmRikn esa ;ksxnku dh rqyuk esa egt vkèkh osQdjhc gS vkSj [kjhn lkeF;Z lerqY;rk (ihihih;kuh ijpsaftax ikWoj iSfjVh) dh rqyuk esaegt ,d frgkbZ gSA mHkjrs gq, cktkjksa osQlkFk çcaèku esa lk>hnkjh osQ çfr vksbZlhMhns'kksa (vkWWjxsukbts'ku iQkWj bdukWfed dkWijs'ku,aM MsiyiesaV ;kuh vkfFkZd lg;ksx vkSj fodkllaxBu) dh vfuPNqdrk fcYdqy oSlh gh gStSls larIr vkSj ?kVrh fodkl nj dh otg lsmuosQ c<+rs foÙkh; ?kkVksa osQ çfr lalkèkuksa dksfoLrr djus esa tSls&tSls bu nksuksa czsVu oqM~llaLFkkvksa dh lhek,a Li"V gks jgh gSa] mHkjrsgq, cktkj vc oSdfYid laLFkkvksa dh rjiQc<+ jgs gSa rkfd os viuh vR;fèkd cprksa dklgh txg mi;ksx dj ldsaA ;s laLFkk,a gSa&iwohZ ,f'k;k esa fp;kax esa bfuf'k,fVo] ,f'k;ubUÚkLVªDpj iaQM vkSj fczDl ns'kksa dk U;wMsoyiesaV cSad vkSj dafVatsalh fjtoZ vjsatesaVA;s laLFkk,a varjkZ"Vªh; eqæk dks"k vksj fo'ocSaddh Hkwfedk dk LFkku ysaxh (fp;kax esa vkSjdaVhtsalh fjloZ ,xzhesaV] vkbZ,e,iQ dk vkSjU;w MsoyiesaV cSad vkSj ,f'k;u baÚkLVªDpjcSad fo'o cSad dkA) vc ns[kuk ;s gS fd ;smnh;eku vkfFkZd 'kfDr;ka mu HkwjktuSfrdlg;ksx dks gkfly djus esa dke;kc gks ikrhgSa ;k ugha tSlk fd vesfjdk vkSj ;wjksi usvkil esa lg;ksx djds fd;k FkkA �


la?kokn esa fofo/rk

u fnuksa la?kokn uotkxj.k ds nkSjls xqtj jgk gSA chrs nks n'kdksa esa,d iqu#¼kj gqvk gS ftls nqfu;k

Hkj esa jktuhfr dk la?kh; lekèkku dh laKknh x;h gSA chrs o"kks± esa tgka Hkkjr lk>kljdkj ds dkj.k iQsMjy xous±l ds dqNvkSj lehi igqapk gS] ogha csfYt;e us iw.kZ:is.kla?kh; jkT; ds fy, vius lafoèkku rd esaifjorZu fd;k gSA jaxHksnh jktuhfrd O;oLFkkds [kkRes ds ckn nf{k.k vÚhdk us viuslafoèkku esa dbZ la?kh; rRo 'kkfey fd, gSaA;g ckr vkSj gS fd ;s rRo dqN detksj Hkhgq, gSaA blds ckotwn la?kokn nf{k.k vÚhdkdh iztkrkaf=kd jktuhfr dk lqanj Hkfo"; gksldrk gSA

T;knk egRoiw.kZ ckr ;g fd vc ,dyjkT; vkSj xSj&la?kh; jkT; Hkh LFkkuh; fudk;hlaLFkkvksa esa lRrk rd dk fodsanzhdj.k djla?kh; vkpj.k dk mnkgj.k izLrqr dj jgs gSa(Lisu vkSj ;wds)A ;eu us jk"Vªh; laoknlEesyu ds tfj;s la?kokn dks viuk;k gSA;|fi [kkM+h ds ns'kksa esa /u ds cy ij pyjgs vkèks&vèkwjs lekèkku us izxfr dks vo#¼dj j[kk gSA bjkd] usiky] lwMku vkSj dqNvU; ns'kksa us Hkh la?kokn ds izfr xgjk vkd"kZ.kfn[kk;k gSA dg ldrs gSa fd la?kokn dkle; vk x;k gSA

vkf[kj la?kokn esa varjjk"Vªh; vkd"kZ.kD;ksa gS\ nqfu;k Hkj esa la?kokn ds izfr c<+ jgsvkd"kZ.k ds dkj.k os ewY; gSa tks la?kh;iz.kkyh us lkeus yk;s gSaA ;g ukxfjdksa dksfofoèkrk esa ,drk ds lkFk thus dk lkèkumiyCèk djkrk gSA ;g lkaLÑfrd] Hkk"kkbZ

vkSj èkkfeZd vYila[;dksa dks viuh igpkufodflr djus dh NwV nsrk gSA la?kokn lRrkds fodsanzhdj.k dk csgrj volj eqgS;k djkrkgS vkSj jktuhfrd izfØ;k dks tehu ls tksM+rkgSA la?kokn ds izfr c<+rh vihy dh ,dotg bldk yphykiu Hkh gSA ;g u;ht:jr vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds eqrkfcd viusvki phtksa dks viukrk gSA de ls de 25la?kh; ns'kksa ds chp dqN fuf'pr lekurk,agSa ysfdu lRrk ds caVokjs] foRrh; la?koknvkSj la?kh; laLFkkvksa dh n`f"V ls os vDljfHkUu fn[krs gSaA njvly] la?kokn dh liQyrkvkSj vliQyrk varr% la?kh; laLFkkvksa vkSjfu.kZ; djus dh izfØ;k ij fuHkZj ugha djrh]cfYd ;g ns'kfo'ks"k dh jktuhfrd laLÑfrij fuHkZj djrh gSA

fuf'pr gh la?kokn dk dksbZ ,d ekWMyugha gS ftldk vuqdj.k fd;k tk;sA ;gfofHkUu feV~Vh ij fHkUu rjhdksa ls iuirk gSAt:jh ugha fd fdlh jkT; ds liQy la?koknds rjhds nwljs jkT; esa gw&c&gw ykxw gks tk,aysfdu ,d&nwljs ds vuqHko ls cgqr dqNlh[kk tk ldrk gSA vki vxj la?kokn LFkkfirdjuk pkgrs gSa rks vkidks bldk fMtk;uvkSj ekWMy cukus dh t:jr gksxh ysfduè;ku jgs vki bldh [kkst djus ugha tk jgsAla?k"kZ ls xqtjs lekt esa la?kokn dh LFkkiukcgqr eqf'dy dke gSA rc ;g vklkuh lsvkdkj ugha ysrkA dqnjr dh rjg ;g clgksrk gSA bls ikyuk iM+rk gSA bl ij dkedjuk iM+rk gSA la?kokn dksbZ gdhdr dslkeus j[kk vkbZuk ugha gS] cfYd ,d gFkkSM+kgS ftlls bls lgh :i fn;k tk ldsA la?kokn

fofoèkrk dk mRlo% Hkkjr dh liQyrk dh dqath

vk'k ukjk;.k jk;

b

ys[kd bafLVV~;wV vkWiQ lks'ky lkbalst] u;h fnYyh esa funs'kd gSaA bjkd] eSfDldks] usiky] bZFkksfi;k rFkk ;eu esa la?kokn fo"k;d varjkZ"Vªh; dk;Z'kkykvksa esa f'kjdrdjus ds lkFk gh og yksdra=k] LFkkuh; 'kklu] la?kokn] oS'ohdj.k] Hkkjrh; fons'k uhfr rFkk vjc txr tSls fo"k;ksa ij izfrf"Br 'kks/ if=kdkvksa esa vusd vkys[kfy[k pds gSaA bZesy% [email protected]

cgqlkaLÑfrd lekt esa la?kokn,d vkd"kZd fodYi gks ldrkgSA vusdrk vkSj ,drk dk ;ksx

la?kokn esa ekStwn gS tkscgqlkaLÑfrd lekt dks dsd dksikus ds lkFk [kkus dh Hkh lqfoèkk

iznku djrk gSA mi&jk"Vªh;bdkb;ksa esa ;g vYila[;d dksHkh cgqla[;d gSfl;r miyCèkdjkrk gSA ;g fofHkUUk Hkk"kkvksa]èkeZ vkSj laLÑfr;ksa dks ekU;rkvkSj Lohdk;Zrk dk volj eqgS;k

djkrk gSA ;g vusdrk dkvkfyaxu djrk gS] ;g

ldkjkRed :i ls vusdrk dhdnz djrk gS] ;g vusdrk dksizksUur dj ldrk gS vkSj varr%

blds iQk;ns mBk ldrk gS


izksRlkfgr djrk gS] dHkh&dHkh turk dksvPNk cuus ds fy, vkSj rnuqlkj vkpj.kdjus ds fy, ckè; djrk gSA tks jktuhfrdO;oLFkk la?kh; <kaps ij [kM+h gksxh og u;slwcs dks fLFkj j[kus esa T;knk dkfcy gksxhA

fofoèkrk dk mRlo

ge ,d ,sls czãkaM esa jgrs gSa ftlsfofoèkrk ds fy, tkuk tkrk gSA fofoèkrkthou dk Lokn gSA tSlk fd veR;Z lsudgrs gSa ,dy igpku euq"; dks Yk?kqdj.k(feuh,pwjkbts'ku vkWiQ g~;weSu chbal) dhvksj ys tkrh gSA ;g fo'o&lekt dks vyxko]fgalk vkSj ;gka rd fd vkardokn dh vksjèkdsyrk gSA fofoèkrk ,d iwath gS u fdcks>A vusdrk vkiQr dh lkexzh ugha] cfYdvxj dYiuk'khyrk ds lkFk O;ofLFkr fd;ktk;s rks rkdr gSA vusdrk ds izfr vxjlEeku gks rks ;g jk"Vª dks ,dtqV j[ksxhAjkT; ,d gS ysfdu jk"Vª cgqfon~ gSA vusdrk,d izfr;ksxh rkdr gS tks uokpkj dks c<+koknsrh gSA

bDdhloha lnh esa cgqlkaLÑfrd lektdk izpyu vkdkj ys jgk gSA oS'ohdj.kvkSj nzqr lapkj ds lkèku] yksxksa ds iyk;u]ekU;rkvksa vkSj fopkjksa dh cgqyrk vkfn dsc<+us ds dkj.k Hkfo"; dh nqfu;k fuf'pr:i ls fefJr vkcknh okyh gksxhA ;g nqfu;kdk cnyrk :i gksxkA izksiQslj fHk[kw ikjs[kds vuqlkj]* ,d lkaLÑfrd ,dy lektftlesa yksx e'khu dh rjg ,d gh ekU;rkdk vuqdj.k vkSj vknku&iznku djrs gksavkt laHko ugha gSA ;g ckr vc ekuo'kkL=kh;dYiuk yxrh gSA* vkckfn;ksa dh vkoktkghvkSj oS'ohdj.k us la?kokn dks ,d u;kthou ns fn;k gSA blds brj ;g Hkh lp gSfd vxj cgqlkaLÑfrd lekt us lgthoudh dyk ugha lh[kh rks blds Hkh"k.k urhtsgksaxsA ysfdu bldk eryc ;g ugha gS fdcgqlkaLÑfrd lekt gekjs ;qx ds fy, dksbZubZ ckr gSA

vkèkqfud ;qx ls igys ds dbZ iqjkuslekt esa lkaLÑfrd fofoèkrk ds rRo FksAbuesa jkse lkezkT;] eè;dkyhu Hkkjr vkSjvkWVkseu lkezkT; izeq[k gSaA dqN lekt esa rksvyx&vyx lkaLÑfrd lewg ds yksx yacsvlsZ rd lkFk thou thrs jgsA dqN vU;lekt esa rks lkaLÑfrd fHkUurk us iyk;u

dh gkfy;k izFkk ds ifj.kkeLOk:i vkdkjfy;kA dqN ns'kksa esa lkaLÑfrd lewg HkkSxksfydrkSj ij fpfg~ur gSa tcfd dqN ns'kksa esa ,slkugha gSA dqN ns'kksa esa cgqlkaLÑfrd lekt'kkafriwoZd lkSgknZiw.kZ gS] tcfd dqN ns'kksa esabuds chp fgald Vdjko gSA

dbZ lekt viuh fofoèkrk dks Lohdkjugha djrs vkSj bls fNikus dh dksf'k'k djrsgSaA dqN lekt viuh cgqyrk dks vkcknh dsLFkkukarj.k ls lqy>kus dh ekax djrs gSa rksdqN bls ^esfYVax ikWV* (lekt'kkL=k dh ,dvoèkkj.kk ftlesa cgqlkaLÑfrd lekt ds varr,dylkaLÑfrd gksus dh voèkkj.kk gS) dhuhfr ds }kjk lqy>kuk pkgrs gSaA ysfdu cgqyrkdks O;ofLFkr djus dk lcls lgh rjhdkLo'kklu vkSj lk>k 'kklu ds ;ksx ls fudyrkgSA ;g vusdrk dk mRlo tSlk gS tks lektvkSj jk"Vª dks rkdr nsrk gSA

cgqlkaLÑfrd lekt esa la?kokn ,dvkd"kZd fodYi gks ldrk gSA vusdrk vkSj,drk dk ;ksx la?kokn esa ekStwn gS tkscgqlkaLÑfrd lekt dks dsd dks ikus dslkFk [kkus dh Hkh lqfoèkk iznku djrk gSAmi&jk"Vªh; bdkb;ksa esa ;g vYila[;d dksHkh cgqla[;d gSfl;r miyCèk djkrk gSA;g fofHkUUk Hkk"kkvksa] èkeZ vkSj laLÑfr;ksa dksekU;rk vkSj Lohdk;Zrk dk volj eqgS;kdjkrk gSA ;g vusdrk dk vkfyaxu djrkgS] ;g ldkjkRed :i ls vusdrk dh dnzdjrk gS] ;g vusdrk dks izksUur dj ldrkgS vkSj varr% blds iQk;ns mBk ldrk gSA

Hkkjr dk vuks[kk cgqyrkokn

,d ns'k vkSj lekt ds Lrj ij ns[ksa rksHkkjr gj Lrj dh ckr dks lekfgr djus dh{kerk j[krk gSA tSlk fd ;wvkj vuarewfrZdgrs gSa] Hkkjr esa yksx ,d gh le; esa12oha vkSj 21oha lnh esa thrs gSa vkSj bldsschp lHkh 'krkfCn;ka ekStwn jgrh gSaA Hkkjrbruk tfVy gS fd fdlh ,d fljs ls blsifjHkkf"kr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA lfn;ksa dkbfrgkl vkSj blds dbZ :iksa okyh vusdrkdk vFkZ ;g gS fd bls dbZ rjg ls ns[kk tkldrk gS fd okLro esa Hkkjr dk eryc gSD;kA izfl¼ vesfjdh ys[kd ekdZ V~okbu us1896 esa Hkkjr dh ;k=kk djrs le; dgk Fkk]^,slk dqN Hkh tks bZ'oj vkSj balku djldrs gSa os lc ;gka fd;s tk pqds gaSA*

vxj yksx] laLÑfr] Hkk"kk vkSj èkeZ dsfygkt ls ns[ksa rks Hkkjr vFkkg cgqyrk dkns'k gSA ;g lkaLÑfrd xq.k gS tks Hkkjrh;vuqHko dks vuks[kk cukrk gSA ;g LFkku vkSjdky ds chp dHkh fuLrst ugha gqvkA fofHkUulewgksa ds yksxksa dh viuh igpku vkSj ekSfydijaijk gSA lkekftd fuokZr esa bldk vfLrRougha gks ldrkA Hkkjrh; cgqyrk dsoyla[;kRed ugha gS] cfYd ;g thoar vkSjxzkg~; gSA

egku fCkzfV'k bfrgkldkj bZih FkkEilu usdgk Fkk]^Hkfo"; ds fy, Hkkjr 'kk;n nqfu;kdk lokZfèkd egRoiw.kZ ns'k gSA nqfu;k dslHkh lekos'kh oSpkfjd izHkko ;gka ds lektesa iyrs gSa& fganw] eqfLye] bZlkbZ] lsdqyj]LVkfyuoknh] mnkjoknh] ekvksoknh] iztkrkaf=kdlektoknh] xkaèkhoknhA ,slk dksbZ Hkh fparuugha gS tks if'pe vkSj iwjc esa gqvk gks vkSjog fdlh Hkkjrh; ds tsgu esa lfØ; u gksA*Hkkjr ,d tfVy ,drk dks vusdrk dsekè;e ls thrk gSA ;g ,d ,slk lekt gStgka vusdrk dk mRlo vkèkqfud jk"Vª dhxkaB dks etcwrh iznku djrk gSA ns'k dhvrqY; cgqyrk us fofHkUu fn'kkvksa dh vusdèkkjkvksa ds yksxksa dks fofHkUu dky[kaMksa esavkdf"kZr fd;k gSA cnyrs vuqikr ds lkFkHkkjrh; vkcknh dk cM+k fgLlk uLyh lekos'kdks gh n'kkZrk gSA dbZ txg ns[kk x;k gS fdizHkkoh laLÑfr;ka vU; LkaLÑfr;ksa dks viusesa lks[k ysus ;k mls [kRe djus dh izo`frj[krh gSa ysfdu blds brj Hkkjr esa cgqyrkdks c<+kok nsus dh izo`fr jgh gSA

laLÑfr] vrhr] fojklr] Le`fr]ijaijkvkSj jhfr;ksa dk okgu Hkj ugha gSA laLÑfr]èkeZ] Hkk"kk dh vusdrk og ewY; gSa ftUgsalekt cukrk gSA Hkkjr ,d cgqyrkoknhlekt vkSj èkeZfujis{k jk"Vª gSA Vh,u enuds vuqlkj] Hkkjrh; èkeZfujis{krk okLro esa;gka dh cgqyrkokn gSA blSvk cfyZu dgrsgSa ^cgqyrkokn ,d ladYiuk gS] ftlesadbZ fljs gksrs gSa vkSj gj fljksa ds pkgusokys Hkh gksrs gSaA blds ckotwn yksx iwjhrjg feyulkj gksrs gSaA os ,d&nwljs dksle>us esa l{ke gksrs gSa vkSj ,d&nwljs lsjks'kuh izkIr djrs gSaA LFkku vkSj dky dh;k=kk esa fofHkUu laLÑfr;ksa ds chp laokndh xqatkb'k dsoy blfy, laHko gS D;ksafdtks ckr vkneh dks balku cukrh gS og nksuksa


txg gSA vkSj ;gh ckr nksuksa ds chp iqydk dke djrh gSA (blSvk cfyZu] n izksijLVMh vkWiQ eSudkbaM 1977)*

Hkkjr us lekfgr djus vkSj esfYVax ikWVds ekWMyksa dks vLohdkjk gSA blds cnysblus lykn ckmy* vkSj Xyksfj;l ekstkbd*tSls eqgkojksa dks ilan fd;k gS] ftuesa lHkh,Fkfud vkSj lkaLÑfrd rRo viuh [kkfl;rksadks cjdjkj j[krs gSaA egkRek xkaèkh dh izfl¼iafDr;ka Hkkjr dh vusdrk esa ,drk dh[kq'kcw dks n'kkZrh gSa& ^eSa ugha pkgrk fd esjs?kj esa gj vksj nhokj gks vkSj esjh f[kM+fd;ka<d tk;saA eSa pkgrk gwa fd ftruk laHko gkslds lHkh Hkwfe;ksa dh laLÑfr;ka esjs ?kj lscsjksdVksd cgsaA ysfdu dksbZ esjs iSj dks mM+kys ;g eSa vLohdkj djrk gwaA (,l dqi~l dsys[k vkWu n dYpjy jSeikVªl esa mYysf[kr]baVjus'kuy gsjkYM VªkbC;wu] 17 uoacj 1998)

vusdrk esa ,drk

,d le; Fkk tc vusdrk dbZ uoLora=kns'kksa ds fy, veks?k ea=k FkkA ;g ea=k fofoèkvoljksa ij ckjackj mPpkjk tkrk jgkA dbZns'kksa us bl eqgkojs dks vius ns'k ds lafoèkkurd esa 'kkfey fd;kA ckn esa ,d vkSjvkd"kZd eqgkojs dk iQS'ku pyk & vusdrkds tfj, ,drkA Hkkjr us ftl ekWMy dksvaxhdkj fd;k og ^vusdrk esa ,drk* ds:i esa fo'ysf"kr gqvkA Hkkjr us u fliQZbldh dnz dh cfYd laLd`fr] èkeZ] Hkk"kkvksadk yqÝr Hkh mBk;kA laLd`fr] èkeZ] fopkjvkSj ijaijk ds fu;fer vknku&iznku ls ,d[kkl izdkj dh lkaLd`frd izxfr gqbZA

vkf[kj Hkkjr dh liQyrk dk jkt D;kgS\ la?kokn Hkkjr dh iztkrkaf=kd egy dhuhao gSA Hkkjr tSls fo'kky vFkkg fofoèkrkokys ns'k esa la?kokn jk"Vªh; igpku vkSjjk"Vªh; mEehn ds :i esa lkeus vk;k gSA ;gHkkjr dh cgqyrk dks v{kq..k j[kus dh dqathgSA Hkkjr dh dke;kch dk jkt ;g ekU;rkgS fd jk"Vª fdlh ,d leqnk; dk ugha gSALora=krk vkanksyu ds nkSjku xkaèkhth us dgkFkk fd ^^fdlh Hkh lewg dks dksbZ Hkhfo'ks"kkfèkdkj ugha Hkys gh ;g cM+s cgqla[;dksads chp gqvk gks vkSj vYila[;d lewg(èkkfeZd] Hkk"kkbZ] lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd) dhcgqla[;doknh ,tsaMk ls j{kk dh tk;sxhA*

vusdrk esa ,drk egt ,d ukjk ugha gS]

cfYd thou dk lp gS vkSj ;g iztkra=k]la?kokn] lfg".kqrk vkSj èkeZfujis{krk ijvkèkkfjr gSA Hkkjrh; lH;rk 'kq: ls cgqyrkoknhpfj=k dh jgh gSA Hkkjrh; LkH;rk cgqyrkoknhvkSj la;ksftr ijaijk dh gS ftlus oSfnddky esa vkdkj ysuk 'kq: fd;kA ckn esa cq¼vkSj tSu èkeZ ds fopkjksa us iwjd dh HkwfedkfuHkk;hA 'kq#vkrh eè;dky esa HkfDr vkanksyuds tfj;s ;g vkSj vkxs c<+hA

esfDldks ds ukscy fotsrk vDVkfo;ksikWt us ,d fnypLi ckr dgh gSA Hkkjr dhvuks[kh vkSj ifjlacfèkZr laLÑfr dk mYys[kdjrs os dgrs gSa ^;g dguk eqf'dy gS fdfganqRo vkSj bLyke ,d txg jgus okyh nkslH;rk,a gSa ;k ;s nks èkeZ gSa tks ,d lH;rk}kjk iksf"kr gSa* ysfdu Hkkjr ,d fojksèkkHkklgSA ;g ,d la?k gSA ;g ,d cgqyrkoknhlekt Hkh gSA cgqyrkoknh gksus vkSj la?k gksusesa varj gSA cgqyrkoknh lekt ,dy jkT; esaHkh gks ldrk gSA lfDr;ksa dk gLrkarj.k]lRrk dk fodsanzhdj.k vkSj lHkh ukxfjdksa dsekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dh xkjaVh Hkkjrh; la?k esaekStwn gSA

Hkk"kk vkSj vYila[;dksa ds vfèkdkj

Hkkjrh; lafoèkku us vius ukxfjdksa dsekSfyd vfèkdkjksa ds lkFk mudh èkkfeZdLora=krk dh j{kk ds fy, laoSèkkfudlqj{kk&izkoèkku dj j[ks gSaA lafoèkku dhizLrkouk esa dgk x;k gS fd Hkkjr ,d èkeZfujis{k ns'k gSA èkkfeZd Lora=krk ds vfèkdkjekSfyd vfèkdkjksa ds rgr lqfuf'pr fd;sx;s gSaA fdlh Hkh èkeZ ds vuq;k;h dks viusèkeZ dh vkjkèkuk] O;ogkj vkSj c<+kos dhLora=krk gksxhA

cgqr igys gh Hkkjr us vYila[;dksa dksysdj viuh ekU;rk cuk yh FkhA bl ijLora=krk vkanksyu ds usrkvksa us tks LVSaMfy;k Fkk og Fkk & ^fdlh Hkh ns'k esa rcrd LFkk;h lkE;kLFkk ugha vk ldrh tcrd vYila[;dksa dks dqpyus dk iz;klfd;k tkrk jgsxk mUgsa cgqla[;dksa ds vuq:ijgus ds fy, etcwj fd;k tk,xkA ge Hkkjresa lHkh dks Li"V rkSj ij dgrs gSa fd gekjhuhfr vYila[;dksa dks Lora=krk nsus dh gksxhAfdlh Hkh ifjfLFkfr esa mUgsa nckus vkSj dqpyusdh ckr dks cnkZ'r ugha fd;k tk;sxkA Hkkjrviuh turk ds dkj.k èkeZ fujis{k gSA bldh

laLÑfr vkSj jk"Vªh; ijaijk èkeZ fujis{k gSAèkeZ fujis{krk Hkkjr dh izdV fu;fr gSA

Hkkjrh; èkeZ fujis{krk dHkh Hkh èkkfeZdrkvkSj èkkfeZd mRlo dks grksRlkfgr ugha djrhAHkkjr dh lkekftd lajpuk dkiQh gn rdèkeZ ls tqM+h gqbZ gSA fiNys dqN o"kksZa esa dqNyksxksa ds fy, èkeZ fujis{krk ,d pqukohvoèkkj.kk cu x;h gS] tgka èkeZ fujis{krk dsleFkZd rdZ nsrs gSa fd Hkkjr iw.kZ :is.k èkeZfujis{k ugha gqvk gSA nwljh vksj èkeZ fujis{krkds vkykspd Nn~e fujis{krk vkSj vYila[;dksads ifjiks"k.k dh fLFkfr dh vkykspuk djrsgSaA èkeZ fujis{krk Hkkjrh; iztkra=k ds fy,vfHkUu gSA èkeZ fujis{krk dh mi;ksfxrk vkSjbldh lhek dks ysdj gks jgh cgl èkeZfujis{krk dks fdlh Hkh rjg de egRoiw.kZugha cukrhA

oS'ohdj.k dh izfØ;k dh dqN ckrksa usHk; c<+k;k gS tksfd okLrfod vkSj vuqHkovkèkkfjr gSA buesa laLÑfr;ksa ds ,dhdj.k]igpku] Hkk"kkbZ] ,sfrgkfld vkSj vkè;kfRedijaijkvksa ds foLej.k ds dkj.k gks jghlaLÑfr;ksa dh VwV dh ckr 'kkfey gSA Hkkjrh;laLÑfr us fn[kk;k gS fd og yphyh gSAHkkjrh; laLÑfr lrr ckg~; izHkko ls mUurgqbZ gSA ;g lrr iqutkZxj.k] uohuhdj.k vkSjuovadqj.k ls xqtjrh jgh gSA

Hkkjr ds ikl nqfu;k dks nsus ds fy,cgqr dqN gSA vusdrk ds thus dk vuqHkobuesa [kkl gSA vkSj gka] vc Hkh Hkkjrh;vusdrk dks pqukSrh ugha nh tk ldrhA ;|fiHkkjr us nqfu;k ds ns'kksa ds chp vusdrk esa,drk dk ekWMy j[kk gS] ysfdu ;g Hkh lpgS fd vkfFkZd vlekurk] èkkfeZd dV~VjrkvkSj uLyh Vdjko ds dkj.k lcls T;knk[krjk ,drk dks gh gSA laLÑfr] èkeZ vkSjuLy ds uke ij lkaiznkf;d fgalk gqbZ gSA

vkèkqfud lekt rsth ls cgq&lkaLÑfrdgks jgk gSA opZLo okys lewgksa ds vkpj.k ijgj lekt xaHkhj utj j[k jgk gSA fdlh Hkhrjg èkeZ fujis{krk dk ;g vFkZ ugha gS fdog vYila[;dksa dh lkaiznkf;drk dks oSèkcukrh gSA tSlk fd izksiQslj f'ko fo'oukFkudgrs gSa]* èkeZ fujis{krk vYila[;dksa dsdkuwu mYya?ku dks cgqla[;dksa ds iwokZxzg lscsgrj ugha ekurhA* Hkkjr dh Hkk"kkbZ fofoèkrkHkh leku :i ls lEeksgd gSA Hkk"kk lewglaLÑfr vkSj igpku dk etcwr izrhd gSA


Hkkjr esa dbZ ys[kd og Hkk"kk ugha cksyrs ftlesa os ys[ku djrs gSaAO;kid Hkkjr dk ,d vuks[kk :id ;g gS fd ,d gh O;fDrfofHkUu voljksa ij fofHkUu mn~ns'; ds fy, vyx&vyx Hkk"kk vkSjcksyh dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, iwoksZRrj dh [kklhtutkfr dh efgyk,a L=kh&cksyh esa ckr djrh gSa ysfdu tc iq#"kls laokn djrh gSa rks mudh cksyh iq#"k&cksyh gks tkrh gSA

ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa ds Hkk"kkbZ vkanksyu us Hkkjr dh ,drk vkSjv[kaMrk ij xaHkhj [krjk iSnk dj fn;k gSA gkykafd jktuhfrd usr`Rous O;kid fl;klh Lora=krk fn[kk;h gSA mUgksaus u fliQZ cM+h Hkk"kk dksjk"Vªh; Hkk"kk ds :i esa ekU;rk nh gS] cfYd Hkk"kkbZ jkT; dk xBuHkh fd;k gSA

vusdrk esa ,drk ds Hkkjrh; fopkj esa lekos'khdj.k vkSj[kqykiu Hkh gS] tks le; vkSj bfrgkl dh ijh{kk esa [kjk mrjk gSAèkeZ fujis{k vkSj iztkrkaf=kd lafoèkku ds rgr dkuwu ds jkt vkSjekSfyd ekuokfèkdkjksa dk lEeku djrs gq, vkfFkZd izxfr] lkekftdvkSj fl;klh l'kfDrdj.k ds fy, Hkkjr us tks iz;ksx fd;s gSa os mlsfo'o esa [kkl LFkku fnykrs gSaA

lHkh us ekuk gS fd cgqlkaLÑfrd lgthou ds fygkt ls 'kk;nHkkjr egkure vuqiz;ksx gSA ;w,uMhih us 2004 dh viuh fjiksVZ esabl oge dks [kkfjt fd;k gS fd lkaLÑfrd fofoèkrk lH;rkvksa esaVdjko iSnk djsxhA blesa dgk x;k gS fd vYila[;dksa ds vfèkdkjksadh j{kk vkSj fofoèkrk fodkl ds fy, vge gSA egRoiw.kZ ckr ;gfd bl fjiksVZ esa fn[kk;k x;k gS fd Hkkjr ,d uthj gS fd ^dSlsxjhc vkSj cgqyrkiw.kZ ns'k cgqlkaLÑfrd uhfr;ksa ds lkFk csgrj dkedj ldrs gaSA* Hkkjrh; vuqHko dgrk gS fd dksbZ Hkh laLÑfr iwjhrjg funksZ"k ugha gS vkSj u gh loZJs"B thou dk izfrfufèkRo djrhgSA fofHkUu laLÑfr;ksa ds chp egRoiw.kZ laokn ls ns'k vkSj lektykHkkfUor gksrs gSaA �

YH - 318/2014

cqfu;knh lqfoèkk,a iwjh djus ls igys jkT;ksa osQ jktdks"kh; ft+Eesnkfj;ksarFkk ctVh; çcaèku dks fuèkkZfjr dj fn;k tk,A

fu"d"kZr% Hkkjr ,d vn~Hkqr lgdkjh la?kokn gSA LFkkuh; ljdkjvc Hkkjr dk ,d vVwV fgLlk gSA blesa uhps ls Åij osQ fu;kstudh t+cjnLr {kerk gSA tkucw>dj uhfr fodYiksa vkSj c<+kok nsusokys lgk;d mik;ksa osQ ekè;e ls gh mUgsa thoar ;k O;kogkfjdcukus osQ y{; dks ik;k tk ldrk gSA vkfFkZd lqèkkj dh [kkst esa];g pwd gksus dh laHkkouk gSA �

lanHkZ%

dsjy ljdkj (1996)% fodsUæhdj.k ij ,l ch lsu lfefr dh varfje fjiksVZdsjy ljdkj (1996)% fodsUæhdj.k ij ,l ch lsu lfefr dh vafre fjiksVZ][kaM-II

dsjy ljdkj (1996)% fodsfUær fu;kstu ij xfBr lfefr dh fjiksVZ;kstuk vk;ksx] Hkkjr ljdkj (2011)% dsUæ izk;ksftr ;kstukvksa ds iquxZBuij xfBr lfefr dh fjiksVZiapk;rh jkt ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj (2013)% laiw.kZ iapk;rh jkt dh vksj*] fjiksVZif'pe caxky ljdkj (2008)% rhljs jkT; foÙk vk;ksx dh fjiksVZvkbZtSd Fkkel Vh,e rFkk fjpMZ izSaQd (2000)% LFkkuh; yksdra=k vkSjfodkl] ysÝV oYMZ] u;h fnYyhdsjy ljdkj (2000)% vkfFkZd losZ{k.k] jkT; ;kstuk vk;ksx

(i`"B 12 dk 'ks"kka'k)


l vkys[k esa eSa Hkkjr esa ,dlg;ksxkRed la?kokn ds <kaps esalaHkkfor fookn vkSj mlds varfuZfgr

fojksèkkHkklksa ds ckjs esa ,d laf{kIr fooj.k is'kdjuk pkgrh gwaA ;g dksbZ ogr fo'ys".kkReddFkkud dgus dh dksf'k'k ugha gS cfYdekStwnk jktuhfrd lanHkZ esa mu ewyHkwrvLi"Vrkvksa ij çdk'k Mkyus dh dksf'k'k gStks lg;ksxkRed la?kokn esa dke dj jgh gSAlkFk gh ;g vkys[k esjs vk'kkoknh fparuksa dksO;Dr djus dh Hkh ,d dksf'k'k gS tks Hkkjrh;ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa lg;ksxkRed la?kokn ds fl¼kardh {kerk ds leFkZu esa gS] ctk; blds fd eSabls ,d csgrjhu laHkkfor fodYi dgdj[kkfjt dj nwaA bl rF; ls dksbZ budkj ughadj ldrk fd lalnh;&la?kh; O;oLFkk ftlsHkkjr us viuk;k] og Hkkjrh; t:jrksa dsfglkc ls fcYdqy mi;qDr gSA xzsufoy vkWWfLVuus dgk Fkk] okLro esa lafoèkku lHkk us Hkkjrdh fo'ks"k t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, ,du, rjg ds la?kokn dks tUe fn;k ysfduHkkjr dh fo'ks"k t:jr rc ls ysdj dbZ xq.kkognkdkj gks pqdh gS vkSj bl rjg ls ljdkjds lHkh rhuksa Lrjksa&dsaæ] jkT; vkSj LFkkuh;&Lrj ij mu bfPNr lg;ksx dks lwphc¼ djusdh pqukSrh Mky jgh gSA blfy, ge Hkkjr esalg;ksxkRe la?kokn dh dk;Zç.kkyh esa dqNfo"k;&oLrq ls lacafèkr eqíksa ij çdk'k Mkyusdh dksf'k'k djsaxsA

i`"BHkwfe

,sfrgkfld rkSj ij ns[ksa rks la?kokn dhvoèkkj.kk viukuk Hkkjr ds fy, pquko lsT;knk ,d vko';drk FkhA ns'k esa fo[kaMuokn

Hkkjr esa lg;ksxkRed la?kokn] fookn vkSj fojksèkkHkkl

oanuk feJk

dh ço`fÙk;ksa dh ekStwnxh èkkfeZd&lkEçnkf;dikxyiu vkSj ns'k ds foHkktu us ,d dsaæhÑrla?kkRed O;oLFkk dh t:jr dks lkeus j[kfn;kA ,d lkaLÑfrd vkSj {ks=kh; :i lsfofoèkrk fy, gq, ns'k ij 'kklu djus dhO;kogkfjd pqukSrh fczfV'k 'kklu ds lkeuscgqr igys vku [kM+h gqbZ Fkh vkSj bl rjgls lkafoèkkfud lqèkkj ij eksaVsX;w&psEliQksMZfjiksVZ ykbZ xbZ (1918) ftlus dgk fdHkkjr Hkfo"; dh gekjh voèkkj.kk esa jkT;ksadk ,d la?k gksxk ftlesa fo'kq¼ fdLe dslHkh LFkkuh; ;k çkarh; fo"k;ksa ij Lo'kkludh O;oLFkk gksxhA jkT;ksa ds blh lewg dsÅij dsaæ ljdkj dke djsxhA bl fjiksVZ dsvkèkkj ij lu~ 1919 esa Hkkjr ljdkj usjkT;ksa dks dqN vfèkdkj vkSj 'kfDr;ka ns nhaAjkT;ksa dks jktLo ds lzksrksa elyu Hkw&jktLo]LokLF;] Ñf"k] flpkbZ vkSj lkoZuftd dk;ks±ij Li"V vfèkdkj fey x,A gkykafd bldkuwu ls çkarh; vfèkdkfj;ksa dks dqN gnrd fuf'pr ek=kk esa Lok;Ùkrk t:j feyhysfdu Hkkjr ljdkj ,dkRed ljdkj ghcuh jghA lkbeu deh'ku dh fjiksVZ (1929)us Hkh dqN foÙkh; 'kfDr;ksa tSls vk;dj lsgqbZ vkenuh dks jkT;ksa vkSj dsaæ ds chp esackaVus dk çLrko fn;kA vkf[kjdkj Hkkjrljdkj vfèkfu;u] 1935 us ,d la?kh; fdLedh O;oLFkk dk çLrko fd;k ftlesa ,ddsaæ gksrk vkSj Lok;Ùk jkT; gksrsA mlesaxouZj&tujy dks ;s vfèkdkj Fkk fd oksçkarh; ljdkjksa ds iQSlyksa dks [kkfjt djldrk Fkk ;k viuk iQSlyk çkarksa ij ykxwdj ldrk FkkA ml dkuwu us dsaæ vkSj çkUrksads fy, vyx&vyx foèkk;h] foÙkh; vkSj

nwljk igyw

b

ysf[kdk fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ds eksrhyky usg: dkWyst esa jktuhfr foKku foHkkx dh vflLVsaV izksisQlj gSaA yksd iz'kklu o yksduhfr muds ilanhnk fo"k; gSaA bufo"k;ksa ij og izfrf"Br i=k&if=kdkvksa esa yxkrkj fy[krh jgh gSaA bZesy% [email protected]

Hkkjr tSls cgq&lkaLÑfrd]

cgq&uLyh; vkSj cgq&Hkk"kh;

Lo:i okys ns'k esa fliQZ

la?kokn dh Hkkouk gh bl

ns'k dh van:uh fofoèkrk esa

lkeatL; yk ldrh FkhA fliQZ

vkilh lg;ksx vkSj lkeatL;

dh Hkkouk gh ijLij fojksèkh

lewgksa ({ks=kh;] èkkfeZd]

Hkk"kkbZ vkSj uLyh;) dh

mxzrk dks Fkkeus dk dke dj

ldrh gSA ysfdu vktknh ds

ckn dh fofoèkrk esa ckgqY;

us gekjs lkeus ,d

ÅcM+&[kkcj tehu dh rLohj

Hkh is'k dh gS


lafoèkku dh èkkjk 282 ds rgrdsaæ jkT;ksa dks ;kstuk vuqnku mrukgh nsrk gS ftruk jkT; us vius lalkèkuksals ;kstuk rS;kj dh gSA bldk erycgS fd èkkjk 282 ds rgr lalkèkuksa]tehu vkSj fodkl ijd 'kq#vkrksa dseísutj igys ls gh ns'k dk vlekuHkkSxksfyd caVokjk vkSj Hkh vlekugksrk tk,xkA

U;kf;d vfèkdkj {ks=k dk çkoèkku fd;kysfdu ml çfØ;k esa çkarh; foèkkf;dkvksadh Lo;aHkw fLFkfr dks Hkh detksj dj fn;kftldh lcls T;knk bPNk nslh jtokM+s djjgs FksA fiQj lu~ 1946 ds dSfcusV fe'ku;kstuk ds rgr ,d <hys&<kys csrjrhc la?kdk çLrko lkeus j[kk x;kA ,d <hys<kysla?k ds fy, j[ks tk jgs ;s lkjs çLrko ,uu;s mHkjrs gq, jk"Vªoknh laHkzkar oxZ ds fy,,d egRoghu dkxtkr ds leku Fks tks ,ddsaæhÑr la?kh; O;oLFkk ds i{k esa FkkA bldkurhtk ,d Hkkjh&Hkjde dsaæhÑr lalnh;la?kh;&O;oLFkk ds :i esa lkeus vk;k ftlij fczfV'k mifuos'kokn vkSj jk"Vªoknh vkUnksyuls mits gLr{ksiksa dk nksgjk vlj FkkA

gekjs lafoèkku fuekZrkvksa us lafoèkku dhèkkjk 246 vkSj vuqPNsn&7 ds vèkhu ,dla?kh; ljdkj dh O;oLFkk dh ysfdu mUgksausLi"V&rkSj ij iQsMjs'ku 'kCn dk bLrsekyugha fd;k D;ksafd mudh fuxkg esa ;g ^jk"Vªdh ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk* dh Hkkouk dks pksVigqapk ldrk FkkA gkykafd blesa lansg ughafd gekjk lafoèkku ljdkj dk tks Lo:iis'k djrk gS oks iQsMjs'ku gh gS&;|fi ogledkyhu rqyukRed jktuhfr esa v'kn gSAHkkjr tSls cgq&lkaLÑfrd] cgq&uLyh; vkSjcgq&Hkk"kh; Lo:i okys ns'k esa fliQZ la?kokndh Hkkouk gh bl ns'k dh van#uh fofoèkrkesa lkeatL; yk ldrh FkhA fliQZ vkilhlg;ksx vkSj lkeatL; dh Hkkouk gh ijLijfojksèkh lewgksa ({ks=kh;] èkkfeZd] Hkk"kkbZ vkSjuLyh;) dh mxzrk dks Fkkeus dk dke djldrh gSA ysfdu vktknh ds ckn dh fofoèkrkesa ckgqY; us gekjs lkeus ,d ÅcM+&[kkcjtehu dh rLohj Hkh is'k dh gSA

fookn vkSj fojksèkkHkkl

ge ,d ,sls ns'k esa lg;ksxkRed la?kokn*ds ckjs esa ppkZ dj jgs gSa tgka dsaæ vkSjjkT; ds chp esa dHkh Hkh ,d dsaæ ds xBudks ysdj dksbZ le>kSrk ugha gqvkA ;gka dsjkT; ml le>kSrs ds fgLlk ugha gSa] cfYd oslafoèkku dh iSnkb'k gSa ftls ,d ,slh lHkkus fufeZr fd;k Fkk tks dsaæhÑr jktuhfr dsi{k esa FkhA tgka rd çkUrksa vkSj dsaæ dsvfèkdkj dk lacaèk gS rks ,slh fdlh Hkhlerk dh dYiuk ;k fuekZ.k ugha fd;k x;kgSA ;gka rd jkT; lHkk esa jkT;ksa dk çfrfufèkRo

leku ugha gSA dsaæ ds bl la?kh;* fgLls dks(;kuh jkT; lHkk) ;gka rd fd muds (çkarksads) uke] {ks=k] lhek ;k bykdk rd r;djus dk vfèkdkj ugha gSA leorhZ lwph dsdkuwuksa dh tgka rd ckr gS rks Vdjko dhfLFkfr esa dsaæ dk dkuwu ekU; ekuk tk,xk&,slhO;oLFkk gSA èkkjk 249 ds eqrkfcd dsaæ ljdkjdks vxj vko';d yxk rks jk"Vªh; fgr esaog jkT; lwph ds dkuwu esa Hkh gLr{ksi djldrh gS vkSj foèkkf;dk dh vof'k"V 'kfDr;kadsaæ ljdkj esa fufgr gSa (èkkjk 248)A blrjg ls ns[kk tk, rks bl rjg ds cgqr lkjsdsanz&oknh çkoèkku Hkkjr ds lg;ksxkRedla?kokn dh vkRek ij dCtk fd, gq, gSaA

lu~ 1980 ds n'kd rd lalnh; dsaæokndkaxzsl ds usr`Ro esa ,d nyh; opZLo okyhO;oLFkk ds rgr dke dj jgk FkkA bldsdqN vickn lu~ 1975&77 esa dsaæ dhturk ljdkj vkSj lu~ lkB ds n'kd esa

jkT;ksa dh ljdkjsa Fkha ftlus la?koknh fo'ks"krkvksadks csgrj fd;kA dSfcusV esa çèkkuea=kh dkopZLo gksrk Fkk vkSj laln] jktuhfrd 'kfDr;ksads mPpLrjh; dsaæhdj.k dk çrhd FkhA ysfdulu~ 1989 dk pquko jktuhfrd ra=k esa O;kidla?kokn ykus dh fn'kk esa ehy dk iRFkjlkfcr gqvkA bl cM+h ?kVuk dk ,d egRoiw.kZdkj.k ;s Fkk fd ,d nyh; opZLookyhO;oLFkk ls ns'k cgqnyh; O;oLFkk vkSj çeq[k{ks=kh; nyksa ds mn; dh rjiQ c<+ jgk FkkAdgk tk ldrk gS fd nyxr O;oLFkk oksegRoiw.kZ gLr{ksi&dkjh dkjd gS ftlls }kjkHkkjrh; lekt dh cgqyrkoknh vkSj la?kh;fofoèkrk us jktuhfrd ra=k ds fØ;kdykiksaesa la?kokn ds ekStwnk pj.k dks lkeus yk;kgSA blds ifj.kkeLo:i nks n'kdksa ls HkhT;knk rd (lu~ 1989&2014) dsaæ esa xBcaèkuvYi& cgqer okyh ljdkjksa dh ijaijk ghcu xbZA

dsaæ vkSj jkT;ksa ds chp jktLo dk caVokjkges'kk ls egRoiw.kZ vkSj fooknkLin jgk gSAdsaæ osQ djhc lkB iQhlnh lalkèkuksa dksjkT;ksa dks LFkkukuarfjr djus esa ;kstuk vk;ksxdh Hkwfedk us foÙkh; eqíksa dk mfpr ghjktuhfrdj.k fd;k gS vkSj ,slk djds mlus;kstuk vk;ksx dh Hkwfedk dks Hkh detksjfd;kA vxj ge dsaæ vkSj jkT;ksa ds chp djksads ldy forj.k dks ns[ksa &tSlk fd lafoèkku}kjk çkoèkku fd;k x;k gS & rks gesa bu ckrksaesa lkiQ vlarqyu fn[krk gS&1 (dsaæ vkSjjkT;ksa ds chp esa djkèkku dh 'kfDr;ksa dkcaVokjk vkSj 2) ;kstukvksa dks ykxw djus esajkT;ksa dks nh xbZ ftEesokfj;kaA felky ds rkSjij lafoèkku dh èkkjk 282 ds rgr dsaæjkT;ksa dks ;kstuk vuqnku mruk gh nsrk gSftruk jkT; us vius lalkèkuksa ls ;kstuk rS;kjdh gSA bldk eryc gS fd èkkjk 282 dsrgr lalkèkuksa] tehu vkSj fodkl ijd'kq#vkrksa ds eísutj igys ls gh ns'k dkvleku HkkSxksfyd caVokjk vkSj Hkh vlekugksrk tk,xkA orZeku ljdkj us ;kstuk vk;ksxdks [kRe dj mldh txg us'kuy bafLV~V;wViQkWj VªkaliQkWfeZax bafM;k (uhfr vk;ksx) dkxBu fd;k gSA uhfr vk;ksx dh ç'kkldh;ifj"kn esa lHkh jkT;ksa ds eq[;ea=kh vkSj dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa ds mi&jkT;iky 'kkfey gSaA

vc loky ;s gS fd {ks=kh; vlkeurk dhfujarjrk] foi{kh nyksa ds dqN jkT;ksa esa lÙkklhugksus dh laHkkouk] oS'ohdj.k ds nokc esaT;knk foÙkh; fodsaæhdj.k dh vk'kadk vkSjuhfr vk;ksx dh uhfr fuèkkZjd Hkwfedk dhlaHkkO;rk ds en~nsutj D;k dsaæ ljdkj dsfy, bl ckr dh btktr nsuk laHko gksxk fdoks u fliQZ jkT;ksa dks bfPNr foÙkh; Lok;Ùkrkns cfYd ljdkj ds rhljs Lrj (;kuh LFkkuh;laLFkkvksa) dks Hkh Lok;Ùkrk ns\

D;k uoxfBr uhfr vk;ksx dks ekStwnkdsaæhÑr ;kstuk <kaps ds foijhr t:jh vkSjyacs le; ls bfPNr çHkkoh fodsafærvarj&ljdkjh e'khujh miyCèk djokbZ tk,xhftldks ;s i;kZIr 'kfDr gks fd oglg;ksxkRed la?kokn ij yacs le; ls pysvk jgs tqckuh vkSj nqgjko okys fooknksa dkfuiVkjk dj lds\

vfuPNqd :i ls cuk;k x;k vfu;ferla?k igys ls gh ç'kklu dks pykus esa ,dckèkk gSA lafoèkku dh èkkjk 370 tEew vkSj


d'ehj dks ,d fo'ks"k ntkZ nsrh gS& ftlesamldk viuk lafoèkku] mlds eq[;ea=kh dksçèkkuea=kh ds in ds lerqY; ,d vksgnk vkSjdkedkt dh fo'ks"k rjg dh ftEesokjh nhxbZA lafoèkku esa èkkjk 370 bl 'kh"kZd ds lkFkof.kZr gS& ^tEew&d'ehj jkT; ds lanHkZ esavLFkk;h micaèk* vkSj egRoiw.kZ ckr ;s gS fd;s vLFkk;h micaèk vktrd pys vk jgs gSaA

lafoèkku dh èkkjk 371 , vkSj 371 th dsrgr uxkySaM vkSj fetksje ds vkfnokfl;ksa dsfy, fo'ks"k çkoèkku fd, x, gSaA ysfdu fiQjHkh bu bykdksa ds vfèkdka'k Hkkxksa esa vU;k;vkSj èkks[ks dh Hkkouk gSA dsaæ ls vyx gksdjviuk vyx vfLrRo gkfly djus ds vfèkdkjdks ,d rjiQk Nhu fy, tkus ls mith vlarqf"Vmuds vyxko dh Hkkouk esa çnf'kZr gksrh gSAnwljh rjiQ lcflMh] cqfu;knh lqfoèkkvksa dsfuekZ.k vkSj nwljh foÙkh; lgk;rkvksa ds çfrdsaæ ljdkj dh laosnughu çfrfØ;k bl [kkbZdks vkSj c<+k nsrh gSA ,d dsaæhÑr vkSj dBksjukSdj'kkgh dh e'khujh ij vDlj ;s vkjksiyxk;k tkrk gS fd og mÙkj&iwoZ ds jkT;ksa dsçfr lkSrsyk O;ogkj dj jgh gSA

lafoèkku dk vuqPNsn Ng tks vle]es?kky;] f=kiqjk vkSj fetksje ds ckjs esa og,d vU; rjg ds vfu;fer la?kokn dkfp=k is'k djrk gS ftlesa Lok;Ùk ftyksa esaLo'kklu ds ifj"knksa dk çkoèkku gSA bujkT;ksa esa tks tutkfr gS vkSj os jkT; [kqn Hkhbu f=kdks.kh; la?k"kZ esa my>s gq, gSa%� tutkrh; bykdksa esa ç'kklu pykus ds

fy, lhfer ç'kklfud 'kfDr] vi;kZIrfoÙkh; O;oLFkk vkSj jkT;iky dk loZO;kihgLr{ksi

� lqj{kk ds uke ij dsaæhÑr jktuhfrdgLr{ksi vkSj

� phuh] caXykns'k] HkwVku vkSj E;kaekj dslkFk yxrh lhek ds ikl bu jkT;ksa dhj.kuhfrd HkkSxksfyd fLFkfrAgkykafd bu jkT;ksa ds fy, bl rjg ds

fo'ks"k çkoèkku fulansg ,d T;knk ftEesokjla?kh; yksdra=k ds fy, ldkjkRed dne gSysfdu bldh fuEufyf[kr pqukSfr;ka Hkh gSa&� mÙkj&iwoZ ds yksxksa dks muds pqus x,

çfrfufèk;ksa dh Hkkxhnkjh c<+kdj eq[;èkkjkdh jktuhfr esa ykuk vkSj ;kstukÑrfodkl xfrfofèk;ksa ds fy, mÙkj&iwoZdks [kksyukA

� ftl rjg ls çkar vkSj ftyksa dk lacaèkcuk;k x;k gS ml ,dkRedrk dks ifjofrZrdjukA

� Hkkjrh; la?kokn dh bl vfu;fer :ijs[kkds vykok ge ,d cgq&Lrjh; la?kokn dkHkh y{k.k Hkkjr esa ns[k jgs gSaA dsaæ vkSjjkT; ds vykok 'kklu dk ,d rhljk Lrj;kuh iapk;r vkSj uxj fudk; Hkh dk;ZjrgSaA bl rhljs Lrj esa 592 ftyk iapk;r]6321 ç[kaM iapk;r vkSj 2]53]189 xzkeiapk;rsa vkrh gSa ftldks vxj ,d lkFkns[ksa rks mlesa gj ikap lky ij 30 yk[k lsT;knk tuçfrfufèk;ksa dk pquko gksrk gSAlafoèkku ds 73osa vkSj 74osa la'kksèku ds }kjkdsaæ us nfyr vkSj efgykvksa ds fy, buLFkkuh; Lo'kklu dh laLFkkvksa esa Hkh voljeqgS;k djok;k gSAç'kklu ds bl rhljs Lrj dks lafoèkkfud

ekU;rk rks fey xbZ gS ysfdu mudh

ekU;rk vkSj mldk mfpr lEeku gh ogljdkj dk vfxze Lrj gS vkSj mls bl la?kh;<kaps esa ,d Lok;Ùkrk feys] u fd mls fliQZjkT; ljdkjksa dks nh xbZ ftEesokfj;ksa dks iwfrZdjus dh ,d bdkbZ le>k tk, vkSj ;s r;djuk fd D;k rhljs Lrj dh dYiuk egtç'kklu dks vklku djus ds fy, dh xbZ Fkh;k LFkkuh; Lrj ij yksxksa dks l'kDr djusvkSj yksdra=k dks fodsafær djus ds fy, HkhA

vxj iapk;r vkSj LFkkuh; Lo'kklu dhbdkb;ksa dks okLro esa Lo'kklu ds fy,dke djus btktr nh tk, rks fiQj mudksdqN [kkl&[kkl l{kerk okys {ks=k] dk;Z vkSjlacafèkr lalkèku fn, tk ldrs gSaA

dsaæ esa lu~ 1989 ls 2014 rd dkxBcaèku ljdkjksa dk nkSj la?kh; bdkb;ksa esalÙkk dh lk>snkjh vkSj Hkkjr dh opZLo'kkyhlalnh; O;oLFkk ds la?khdj.k dh n`f"Vdks.kls vge FkkA xBcaèku dh ljdkjs varj&ljdkjhlacaèkksa dks lqèkkjus dk ,d csgrj jkLrk eqgS;kdjokrh gSa tks çèkkuea=kh vkSj eq[;eaf=k;ksa]çèkkuea=kh vkSj jkT;ikyksa] dSfcusV eaf=k;ksa vkSjjkT;ksa ds eaf=k;ksa vkSj uhfr&fuekZ.k vkSjfØ;kUo;u Lrj ij ukSdj'kkgh ds chpvkSipkfjd vkSj vukSipkfjd okrkZvksa ds :iesa çdV gksrk gSA ysfdu xBcaèku ljdkjksa dsxf.krh; lehdj.kksa us lÙkk dk larqyujkT;&Lrjh; ;k {ks=kh; ikfVZ;ksa ds i{k esa djfn;kA Hkys gh ,slk djds mlus la?kokn dhNfo dks etcwr fd;k] ysfdu lkFk ghçèkkuea=kh dh lÙkk dks Hkh muds xBcaèkulg;ksfx;ksa ds lkeus U;wure Lrj ij yk[kM+k fd;kA ;g dbZ ckj ns[kk x;k gS fdxBcaèku ljdkj ds lg;ksxh mudks vkcafVrea=kky;ksa dks yxHkx tkxhj dh rjg O;ogkjdjrs gSa vkSj vius nyksa ds fgr esa mls ,dlaj{k.k dh rjg bLrseky djrs gSaA dsfcfuVdh ,dRork vkSj bldh lkewfgdrk vkSjlaln ;k Li"V :i ls dgsa fd yksdlHkk dsçfr mlds mÙkjnkf;Ro dh ijh{kk yh tkrhgS vkSj lafoèkkfud :i ls ekU; lhekvksa lsckgj xSj&lalnh; 'kfDr dsaæksa rd mldkbLrseky dj fy;k tkrk gSA ysfdu lu~2014 ds vke pquko us ,d ckj fiQj ls dsaæesa ,d nyh; ljdkj dh jkg dks ç'kLr djdsaæ esa xBcaèku ljdkjksa dh vuojr ;k=kkdks ifjofrZr dj fn;k gSA

xBcaèku ljdkjksa ds xf.krh;lehdj.kk s a u s lÙkk dk lar qyujkT;&Lrjh; ;k {ks=kh; ikfVZ;ksa ds i{kesa dj fn;kA Hkys gh ,slk djds mlusla?kokn dh Nfo dks etcwr fd;k]ysfdu lkFk gh çèkkuea=kh dh lÙkk dksHkh muds xBcaèku lg;ksfx;ksa ds lkeusU;wure Lrj ij yk [kM+k fd;kA

ftEesokfj;ksa vkSj muds lalkèkuksa ds ckjs esavHkh Hkh cgl py gh jgh gSA la?kh; O;oLFkkesa mudh fLFkfr vHkh Hkh vLi"V gSA mUgsavHkh Hkh dsaæ ;k jkT; ds ,d fØ;kUo;u,tsalh ds rkSj ij gh ns[kk tk jgk gSA viusfy, foÙk vkSj deZpkfj;ksa dh O;oLFkk djukmuds fy, vHkh Hkh dfBu dke cuk gqvkgSA ;kuh foÙkh; vLi"Vrk fdlh Hkh rjgdh O;kogkfjd fodsaæhdj.k dh jkg esackèkk cu tkrh gS] jktuhfrd&pqukoh gLr{ksivDlj gksrk gS] ns'k dh laHkzkar ukSdj'kkghvHkh Hkh bl rhljs Lrj ds ç'kklu dks mlhiqjkuh Ñik&n'kkZrh ekufldrk ls ns[krh gSvkSj LFkkuh; :i ls çHkkoh lekftd laHkzkaroxZ dk iwokZxzg Hkh bldh jkg esa ,d çeq[kckèkk gSA

Hkkjrh; la?k esa jkT;ksa dh c<+rh la[;k dslkFk 'kklu dk rhljk Lrj Hkh viuh mifLFkfrt:j etcwr djsxkA ysfdu mlds lkeuspqukSfr;ka gSa fd 'kklu ds rhljs Lrj dks ('ks"kka'k i`"B 58 ij)


'k esa jktuhfrd lÙkk cnyus dslkFk gh iz'kklfud Lrj ij tkscM+s ifjorZu gks jgs gSa muesa ^osaQnz

jkT;* lacaèk izeq[k gSaA iz/kuea=kh osaQnz ojkT;ksa dks ijLij izfrLièkhZ osQ LFkku ij fe=kosQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr o LFkkfir djus osQi{kèkj gSaA blh dkj.k og ;kstuk vk;ksx dhjkT;ksa ij pkcqd pykus dh i¼fr dks lekIrdj mls ,d lykgdkjh o fo'ks"kK laLFkk^uhfr vk;ksx* osQ :i esa iquxZfBr djukpkg jgs gSaA og izèkkuea=kh o eq[;eaf=k;ksa dh,d ,slh ifj"kn dk xBu djuk pkgrs gSa tksosaQnzh; eaf=keaMy dh rjg jkT;ksa osQ eqíksa ovfèkdkjksa dks lgdkfjrk] leUo; o laoknosQ ekè;e ls lqy>k losQA

izèkkuea=kh osQ 'kCnksa esa

¶eSa HkyhHkkafr tkurk gwa fd ns'k dhrkdr jkT;ksa esa fufgr gSA tks jkT;ksa dhrkdr le>rk gS] oks gh ns'k dks rkdrojle> ldrk gSA Hkkjr dks vc vkxs c<+uk gSrks jkT;ksa dks vkxs c<+kuk vko';d gSA Hkkjr,d fiyj ls ÅapkbZ izkIr ugha dj ldrkAgj etcwr jkT; osQ etcwr fiyj gh ns'k dksÅapkbZ ij ys tk ldrs gSaA osaQnz ljdkj dknkf;Ro curk gS fd lHkh jkT;ksa dks izksRlkfgrdjsA tgka t:jr iM+s ogka iwjh 'kfDr lsmuosQ lkFk tqM+s jgs vkSj rc tkdj gefodkl dh ubZ ÅapkbZ dks izkIr dj losaQxsAeSa ns'k osQ fodkl osQ fy, Vhe bafM;k dhckr djrk gwaA izèkkuea=kh vkSj lHkh eq[;ea=kh,d ,slh Vhe gSa tks daèks ls daèkk feykdjpysa rks ubZ Åapkb;ksa dks izkIr fd;k tk

ldrk gSA osaQnz] jkT; lg;ksx esa fdruhrkdr gS] bldk eSa vanktk yxk ldrk gawAjkT;ksa dks osaQnz dk lg;ksx u feys rks D;krdyhiQ gksrh gS og Hkh eSa vPNs ls tkurkgwaA¸

lkekU;r% fiNys 67 o"kks± esa vDlj jkT;osaQnz ij lkSrsyk O;ogkj djus dk vkjksiyxkrs jgs gSaA fo'ks"kdj vxj jkT; fo'ks"k esaosaQnz ls fHkUu jktuhfrd ny dh ljdkj gksAosaQnz esa lÙkk:<+ ny }kjk foi{k 'kkflr jkT;ksaosQ fy, ;kstuk,a] iQaM] vuqnku o vU; eqíksaij ysVyrhiQh o ykijokgh osQ vkjksi yxrsjgs gSaA jkT;ksa osQ eè; Hkh lalkèkuksa osQ caVokjso vkiwfrZ osQ lacaèk esa >xM+s vke ckr gSAfo'ks"kdj vxj nksuksa jkT;ksa esa vyx&vyxnyksa dh ljdkj gksaA cdkSy izèkkuea=kh vktdh rkjh[k esa ns'k dh izkFkfedrk,a cnypqdh gSaA izR;sd jkT; esa Ñf"k osQ {ks=k dkfodkl] flapkbZ lqfoèkkvksa dk foLrkj (fctyhdh vuojr miyCèkrk) lM+dksa dk tky]nwjlapkj lkèkuksa] jsfM;ks@Vhoh@baVjusV dhmiyCèkrk] f'k{kk] LokLF; o U;k;{ks=k dksfoosaQfnzr usVodZ osQ lkFk jkstxkj miycèkdjkus okys mik;ksa dks ykxw djuk gSA ;s lHkhdk;Z osaQnz vkSj jkT;ksa osQ vkilh leUo; osQfcuk laHko ugha gSa] ;g leUo; m|ksx] lsoko Ñf"k lHkh {ks=kksa esa ;qokvksa osQ fy, jkstxkjksads u;s volj iznku djsxkA

Hkkjr osQ la?kokn dh lhek,a

ns'k esa la?kokn dh ifjdYiuk Hkk"kkbZ]èkkfeZd] tkrh; o {ks=kh; fofoèkrkvksa dkslaKku esa j[krs gq, dh x;h FkhA ,d lk>h

la?k o jkT;ksa osQ vkfFkZd lacaèkksa dh iquO;kZ[;k

ys[kd oSQfj;j Iyl ds funs'kd vkSj jktuhfrd if=kdk MkW;ykWx bafM;k ds laiknd gSaA lkekftd] lelkef;d fo"k;ksa ij ,Moksdslh dk dk;Z ekSfyd Hkkjr VªLVds tfj, dj jgs gSaA bZesy% [email protected]

vuqt oqQekj vxzoky

utfj;k

ns

fuf'pr :i ls Hkkjr vusd

jkT;ksa dks feykdj cuus okyk

la?k ugha gS oju~ iz'kklfud

lqfoèkk o lkekftd&

lkaLÑfrd fofoèkrk osQ

larqyu dks cSBkrs gq,

foosaQnzhÑr 'kklu o fodkl

osQ fy, fd;s tkus okyk

miØe gSA osaQnz&jkT;ksa osQ

lacaèkksa dks Hkkjr osQ lafoèkku

dh blh Hkkouk osQ

varxZr&ns[kk tkuk pkfg, u

fd lS¼kfUrd@vkn'kZ la?kokn

osQ ekin.Mksa ij


Hkkjrh; laLÑfr osQ chp izkphudky ls ghHkkjrh; viuh LFkkuh; o futh vko';drkvksadh iwfrZ gsrq thou lapkyu esa Lok;Ùk gh jgsgSaA fdarq tc&tc oqQ'ky 'kkldksa us iz;klfd;s rc&rc iwjk nf{k.k ,f'k;k miegk}hijktuhfrd o iz'kklfud :i ls ,d lw=k esaHkh caèkk gSA vktknh osQ ckn tc fj;klrksa dkfoy; gks x;k vkSj u;k lafoèkku dk;Z:i esavk;k rc Hkkjrh; lekt dh bl ewy izo`fÙkdks è;ku esa j[kdj v¼Zla?kokn* o lgdkjhla?kokn* dh vkèkkjf'kyk j[krs gq, Hkkjr esaosaQnz&jkT;ksa osQ <kaps o jktuhfrd&iz'kklfuddk;Ziz.kkyh fodflr dh x;h ftlesa fuf'pr:i ls osaQnz dks cM+h izHkkoh ,oa fu.kZ;dkjhHkwfedk nh x;hA Hkkjr vusd jkT;ksa dks feykdjcuus okyk la?k ugha gS oju~ iz'kklfud lqfoèkko lkekftd&lkaLÑfrd fofoèkrk osQ larqyudks cSBkrs gq, foosaQnzhÑr 'kklu o fodklosQ fy, fd;s tkus okyk miØe gSA blhdkj.k bls vèkZla?k (Quasi-Fedral) Hkh dgktkrk gSA osaQnz&jkT;ksa osQ lacaèkksa dks Hkkjr osQlafoèkku dh blh Hkkouk osQ varxZr&ns[kktkuk pkfg, u fd lS¼kfUrd@vkn'kZ la?koknosQ ekin.Mksa ijA

Hkkjr dk la?kh; <kapk osaQnz ljdkj dksbruk 'kfDr'kkyh cukrk gS fd osaQnzh; lalnu osQoy bu jkT;ksa osQ {ks=kiQy dks cnyldrh gS oju~ buosQ vfLrRo rd dks feVkldrh gSA osaQnz jkT;ksa esa mudh bPNk osQfo#¼ Hkh lSU; o v¼Z&lSU; ckykssa dh rSukrhdj ldrk gS (vuqPNsn 258)A jkT;ksa dhfoèkku lHkk,a@foèkkueaMy o dk;Zikfydk viuh'kfDr dk iz;ksx bl izdkj dj ldrs gSa fdog osaQnzh; laln dh fofèk osQ vuq:i gksrFkk osaQnz dh dk;Zikfydk 'kfDr dk mYya?kudjus okyksa ;k mlls iwokZxzgiw.kZ u gksA

;fn jkT;] osaQnz osQ funsZ'kksa dk ikyu ughdjrk] rks osaQnz lafoèkku osQ vuqPNsn 356 dkiz;ksx djrs gq, jk"Vªifr 'kklu yxk ldrkgS rFkk jkT; dk iz'kklu vius gkFk esa ysldrk gSA vuqPNsn 352 osQ rgr jk"Vªh;vkikrdky ykxw gksus ij osaQnz jkT;ksa dksfdlh Hkh fo"k; ij funsZ'k ns ldrk gSA jkT;ksaosQ iz'kklfud o iqfyl lsok osQ izeq[kksa oQkp;u Hkh osaQnz dh vf[ky Hkkjr lsok osQekè;e ls gksrk gS vkSj jkT; ljdkj bulsokvksa osQ yksxksa dks fuyafcr rks dj ldrh

gS fdUrq dksbZ vuq'kklukRed&dk;Zokgh ughadj ldrh (vuqPNsn 312)A varjkZT;h; ufn;ksaosQ ty ;k unh&?kkfV;ksa ls lac¼ fooknksa esaosaQnz] fu.kZ;dkjh izkfèkdkj j[krk gSA blh'kfDr osQ rgr laln }kjk xfBr f=kLrjh;unh] ty vfèkdj.kksa osQ fu.kZ; tks osaQnzljdkj osQ jkti=k esa izdkf'kr gksrs gSa osjkT;ksa ij ckè;dkjh gksrs gSa (vuqPNsn 269)A

osaQnz] osaQnzh; lwph o leorhZ lwph ijfoèkk;u osQ ekè;e ls jkT;ksa ij foèkk;hfu;a=k.k j[krk gSA vuqPNsn 31d] [k o x osQrgr jkT; foèks;dksa dks jk"Vªifr dh vuqefrvfuok;Z gSA vuqPNsn 200 ?k osQ rgr jkT;foèkkueaMy }kjk ikfjr foèks;d dks jkT;iky]jk"Vªifr osQ fopkj osQ fy, vkjf{kr djldrk gSA (mPp U;k;ky; dh 'kfDr;ksa lacaèkhfo"k; esa ;g vfuok;Z gSA)

vuqPNsn 288 ?k] 304 ?k] 256] 257 HkhjkT; ljdkjksa dh 'kfDr;ksa ij osaQnz osQ fu;a=k.kdks Li"V djrs gSaA jkT;ksa dh djkjksi.k dhn`f"V ls cgqr lhfer 'kfDr;ka gSa vkSj osfoÙkh; {ks=kksa osQ fy, osaQnz ij vR;kfèkdfuHkZj gSA ;gh dkj.k gSa fd jkT;ksa dksêfgekeafMr uxjikfydk,a* Hkh dgk tkrkgSaA jkT;ksa osQ foÙk dk izeq[k {ks=k osaQnz ls izkIrlgk;rk vuqnku gSA bl izdkj osaQnz dk jkT;ksaosQ foÙk ij O;kid fu;a=k.k gksrk gSA

uhfr vk;ksx dk n'kZu

ûhfr vk;ksx* ,oa ôLrq ,oa lsok dj*nks ,sls dne gSa tks vkus okys le; esa ns'kdh jktuhfr] iz'kklu o osaQnz&jkT;ksa osQ lacaèkksaij ,d u;k vè;k; fy[kus okys gSaA izèkkuea=khus ;kstuk&vk;ksx dks lekIr dj tgkausg:;qxhu vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa dks vyfonk dgkogha tuojh 2015 ls ûhfr vk;ksx* us'kuybaLVhV~;w'ku vkWiQ Vªk WUliQk Wfe±x bafM;k(National Institute of Transfroming

India) cukdj ,d u;h nslh oSpkfjd Økafrdh uhao j[kh gS tks fodkl dks iwathokn]lkE;okn o mnkjokn osQ oSf'od izrhdksa lsfudky dj iw.kZr% jk"Vªoknh o Hkkjrh; n'kZuosQ vuq:i fo'ysf"kr o fØ;kfUor djus dhvksj vxzlj gksxkA

blds rgr Hkkjr dk fodkl ekWMy ftuN% Hkkjrh; foHkwfr;ksa osQ n'kZu ij vkèkkfjrgksxk os gSa & egkRek xkaèkh] Lokeh foosdkuUn]

Hkhejko vacMsdj] if.Mr nhun;ky mikè;k;]rfey dfo fr:oYywj] vlfe;k lar 'kadjnsoA

uhfr vk;ksx dk egRoiw.kZ n'kZu xkaèkhthdk ;g lw=k gS & ¶lrr fodkl thou dkfu;e gS vkSj tks O;fDr ges'kk gBèkkfeZrk dkscuk;s j[kus dh dksf'k'k djrk gS] Lo;a dksHkVdko dh vksj ys tkrk gSA blh izdkj MkW-Hkhejko vacsMdj osQ lw=k vfèkdkjksa dks osaQnzhÑrdjuk vfoosdiw.kZ gS* ls ljdkj dh fu;rLi"V gks x;h gSA ogha rfey lar fr:oYywojosQ dFku ¶xjhch ls vfèkd Hk;kud vkSjnq[knk;h oqQN Hkh ugha gS vkSj xjhch dk na'kO;fDr dh Js"Brk esa ls mldh mRÑ"V oqQyhurkNhu ysrk gS ls vk;ksx dh izkFkfedrk dksLi"V fd;k x;k gSA

dfo 'kadjnso osQ xzaFk dhrZu?kks"k dkdFku ¶izR;sd izk.kh dks viuh vkRek osQcjkcj ns[kuk eks+{k izkfIr dk lcls cM+klkèku gS ls izFke ckj ljdkj dh ;kstukvksadh vafre y{;izkfIr dks Li"Vrk ls mosQjk gSvkSj bl y{; dh izkfIr esa nhun;ky mikè;k;osQ ^vaR;ksn; n'kZu* tks vfr xjhcksa dks Hkhfodkl dk iQy eqgS;k djkus osQ fy, muosQmRFkku ij tksj nsrk gS dks uhfr vk;ksx dhlS¼kfUrd i`"BHkwfe esa 'kkfey fd;k gSA

uhfr vk;ksx osQ izeq[k vk/kj fcUnq

� iw.kZr% Hkkjrh; n'kZu ij vkèkkfjr� xkao&xjhc osQ lkFk gh ;qokvksa] uoeè;e

oxZ] vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa vkSj 'kgjhdj.kij vkèkkfjr] 'kgjhdj.k volj ekuk x;kA

� osaQnz vkSj jkT;ksa nksuksa osQ uhfr fuekZ.k esaleku :i ls bl n'kZu dk izlkjA

� nqfu;kHkj ls lHkh ldkjkRed phtsa xzg.kdjsxk D;ksafd ckgj ls Lohdkj fd;kx;k dksbZ ,d ekWMy Hkkjrh; ifjn`'; esafiQV ugha cSB ldrkA

� ljdkj dh Hkwfedk turk osQ lg;ksxh(,uscyj) osQ :i esa gksxhA

� vFkZO;oLFkk esa lsok {ks=k dks egRoA� oSf'od xkao dh ladYiuk dks lkdkj

djus o blosQ fy, lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh vkSjfofHkUu rjg dh dusfDVfoVh ij tksjA

� uoeè;e vkSj eè;e oxZ ij vfèkd iQksdlA� is'ksoj izcaèku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh n`f"V ls

vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa dh Hkwfedk c<+kus ijtksjA


� dkjiksjsV laLÑfr osQ vuq:i dkedktosQ fy, lfpo osQ LFkku ij eq[;dk;Zdkjh vfèkdkjh dh fu;qfDrA

osaQnz&jkT; lacaèk foÙkh; vkbZus esa

Hkkjr esa osaQnz vkSj jkT;ksa osQ lacaèk esa foÙkvk;ksx ,oa ;kstuk vk;ksx (vc uhfr vk;ksx)dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgh gS tc&tc jkT;ksaesa osaQnz ls vyx ny dh ljdkjsa gksrh gSarc&rc osaQnz vkSj ml jkT;ksa osQ eè; rukruhgksus yxrh gSA vDlj jkT; ,sls esa osaQnz ijlkSrsyk O;ogkj djus dk vkjksi yxkrs gSaA,sls esa tcfd foÙkh; ekeyksa ij jkT;ksa dhosaQnz ij fuHkZjrk cgqr vfèkd gSA bu vkjksiksaesa oqQN gn rd lPpkbZ Hkh gksrh gSA osaQnzljdkjsa foi{k 'kkflr jkT;ksa ij vius jkT;ikyksadks Fkksi nsrh gSa tks vDlj osaQnz osQ b'kkjksa ijjkT; ljdkjksa dks ijs'kku djrs gSaA

lkekU;r% ns'k esa iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa osQvuq:i fodkl dk;Z o ;kstukvks a dkfØ;kUo;u fd;k tkrk jgk gSA fdarq O;ogkjesa ikap o"kks± dk dk;Zdky bruk yack gksrk gSfd ;kstuk,a vius mís';] y{;ksa o ifj.kkeksals HkVd tkrh gSaA ;kstuk vk;ksx dh lekfIrosQ ckn iwjh mEehn gS fd vc nh?kZdkyhuuhfr;ksa dk fuèkkZj.k dj okf"kZd y{;ksa ijtksj nsrs gq, mldk lkeatL; nh?kZdkyhuuhfr;ksa ls cSBk;k tk;sxkA ,sls mik;ksa ls uosQoy ;kstukvksa osQ fØ;kUo;u osQ O;ogkfjdy{; izkIr gksaxs ogha viO;;ksa o fn'kkghurkdh fLFkfr ls Hkh fuiVk tk losQxkA vHkhrd ;kstuk vk;ksx fodkl dk;ZØeksa osQ fy,lkèkuksa osQ osaQnz vkoaVu dh fliQkfj'k djrkjgk gS vkSj foÙk vk;ksx osaQnz o jkT;ksa osQchp foÙkh; lkèkuksa osQ caVokjs dh fliQkfj'kdjrk jgk gSA jkT; ljdkjsa fjtoZ cSad lsvksoj MªkÝV Hkh ysrh jgrh gSaA djksa osQcaVokjs] vuqnku] Åaph njksa ij C;kt osQ lkFk½.k] ?kkVs dh vFkZO;oLFkk vkfn eqíksa ijorZeku ljdkj u;s fljs ls dke dj jgh gSA^oLrq ,oa lsok dj* vizSy 2016 ls ykxwfd;s tkus osQ foèks;d ij osaQnz o jkT;ksa esalgefr osQ lkFk gh vc ;g fuf'pr gksrktk jgk gS fd ns'k dj lqèkkjksa dh fn'kk esa,d Økafr osQ eksM+ ij gSA

lafoèkku esa fuEufyf[kr ikap izdkj osQdjksa dk izkoèkku gSA (vuqPNsn 269] 270)

� la?k }kjk ykxw fd;s tkus okys fdarq jkT;ksa}kjk laxzghr vkSj fofu;ksftr fd;s tkusokys dj (;Fkk LVkWi 'kqYd] vkS"kèkh;vkSj izlkèku fufeZfr;ksa ij mRikn 'kqYd)

� la?k }kjk ykxw ,oa laxzg.k dj jkT;ksa dkslkSisa tkus okys dj (;Fkk laifÙk osQmÙkjkfèkdkj ij dj)

� jsy fdjk;s vkSj ekyHkkM+s ij dj] jsy]leqnz vkSj ok;q ekxZ }kjk ys tkus okyseky ;k ;kf=k;ksa ij lhek djA

� la?k }kjk yxk;s vkSj laxzfgr fdarq la?k,oa jkT;ksa osQ chp forfjr fd;s tkusokys dj (;Fkk vk;dj] osaQnzh; fcØhdj)

� la?k }kjk yxk;s tkus okyk laxzg fd;stkus rFkk osaQnz vkSj jkT;ksa osQ eè; forfjrfd;s tkus okys dj (;Fkk lhek'kqYd]vk;dj ij vfèkHkkj)lafoèkku esa djkjksi.k dh foèkk;h 'kfDr;ka

o djksa osQ vkxeksa dh izkfIr Hkh foÙkh;'kfDr esa varj fn[kk;k x;k gS fdarq ;g Hksniw.kZr% i`Fkd ugha gS rFkk djksa osQ lacaèk esavof'k"V 'kfDr;ka Hkh osaQnz osQ gh ikl gSaA

th,lVh% dj lq/kjksa dh mEehn

la?k o jkT;ksa osQ eè; foÙkh; lacaèkksa osQckjs esa vfèkdka'k izkoèkku ^Hkkjr ljdkjvfèkfu;e] 1935* ls fy, x;s gSaA th,lVh,oa th,lh ifj"kn vktknh osQ ckn oLrq ,oalsokdj* (th,lVh) VSDl lqèkkj dk lclsØkafrdkjh dne gS tks osaQnz ,oa jkT;ksa osQchp ,d ubZ lgdkjh Hkkxhnkjh dk vkèkkjcu ldrk gSA exj bls liQyrkiwoZd ykxwfd;k x;k rks u osQoy jkT;ksa }kjk yxkbZ xbZfofoèkrkiw.kZ vizR;{k dj iz.kkyh dks iwjhrjg ls [kafMr dj vkèkqfud ,oa ljy cuk;sxkcfYd osaQnz ,oa jkT;ksa osQ chp jktuhfrd@foÙkh;lg;ksx osQ ,d u;s ;qx dk laosQr Hkh gksldrk gSA th,lVh ij lgefr cuus esa yackle; yxus dk eq[; dkj.k jkT;ksa dk ogMj Fkk fd lkafoèkkfud :i ls LFkkuh; djolwyus dh tks foÙkh; Lok;Ùkrk mUgsa feyhgSa og dgha [kRe u gks tk;sA ;g nwj djusosQ fy, orZeku foÙk ea=kh us jkT;ksa dhvk'kadkvksa dks lekIr djrs gq, ,slk Li"Vfd;k fd ^osaQnz us ,d ,slk oSèkkfud <kapkrS;kj fd;k gS fd osaQnz ,oa jkT;ksa osQ chp,d th,lVh ykxw djus ls jkT;ksa dks gksus

okyh laHkkfor jktLo gkfu osQ fy, mUgsai;kZIr eqvkotk fey losQA u;s dkuwu esajkT;ksa osQ fy, ;g lqfoèkk gksxh fd os ,dlhek osQ Hkhrj&th,lVh esa cnyko dj ldrsgSa rFkk lHkh egRoiw.kZ iQSlys osaQnz ,oa jkT;ksaosQ izfrfufèk;ksa dks feykdj rS;kj uofu;qDrth,lVh ifj"kn }kjk fy;s tk;saxsA* ,sls esath,lVh ifj"kn ,sls eap osQ :i esa dk;Zdjsxh tgka lHkh jkT; leku Hkkxhnkj osQ :iesa u; dj <kaps esa t:jh Hkkoh cnyko ijfopkj foe'kZ djsaxsA

th,lVh ykxw gksus ij lcls cM+k iQk;nk;g gksxk fd ,d gh >VosQ esa ;g ^dkyhvFkZO;oLFkk* osQ ,d cM+ s fgLls dksvkfèkdkfèkd VSDl osQ nk;js esa ys vk;sxkvkSj cgqr gh de le; esa ns'k dk ldy?kjsyw mRikn (thMhih) 20 [kjc MkWyj lsc<+dj 30 [kjc MkWyj gks tk;sxkA

;|fi vHkh Hkh izLrkfor dj elkSns esaizeq[k vizR;{k djksa dks gh 'kkfey fd;kx;k gS ysfdu jkT; Lrjh; pkj izeq[k djksadks blls vyx j[kk x;k gS os gSa izsVªksfy;emRiknksa ij dj] fo|qr 'kqYd] vkcdkjh 'kqYd,oa vpy laifÙk ij LVkai 'kqYdA ;s djoqQy feykdj jkT;ksa dh oqQy dj vk; dkipkl izfr'kr ls Hkh vfèkd gS ftldkth,lVh osQ nk;js esa u vkuk fpark dh ckrgSA blls ogka nksgjs djkèkku dh laHkkouk,acuh jgsaxhA ogha dkysèku osQ fuekZ.k ijvaoqQ'k ugha yx ik;sxkA ;|fi Øfed :ils isVªksfy;e inkFkZ dks blosQ nk;js esa ykusdk izkoèkku th,lVh ifj"kn osQ nks frgkbZlnL;ksa dh lgefr ls fd;s tkus dh ckrdgh x;h gSA fdarq ,slk vU; djksa osQ fy,Hkh fd;k tk ldrk FkkA

th,lVh ifj"kn esa osaQnz ljdkj dh oksVfgLlsnkjh ,d frgkbZ ,oa jkT;ksa dh nks frgkbZgksxhA ;g ifj"kn reke eqíksa ;Fkk nj (nj dhlhek Hkh)] NwV] ekWMy th,lVh dkuwu] ysohdk fl¼kar] vkbZth,lVh dk foHkktu) vkiwfrZdh txg dks 'kkfey djus okys fl¼kar vkfnij Hkh lq>ko nsxhA ;|fi iwoZ esa izLrkfor^jk"Vªh; th,lVh fookn fuiVku izkfèkdj.k*dk izkoèkku u gksuk ekWMy th,lVh dh jkg esackèkk osQ :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA fdarq ,dcM+s dne osQ mB tkus osQ ckn NksVh&eksVhckèkk,a Hkh le; osQ lkFk nwj gks tk;saxhA �


foèkku osQ Hkkx rhu vkSj pkjdks bldh vkRek osQ rkSj ijO;kid ekU;rk gkfly gSA

lafoèkku cukrs oDr vkSj ml ij cgl osQnkSjku lafoèkkulHkk osQ tkudkjksa us ckj&ckjbl rF; dks Lohdkj fd;kA Hkkx rhu esatgka ewy vfèkdkjksa dk ftØ gS ogha Hkkxpkj osQ vuqPNsn 36 ls ysdj 51 rd jkT;osQ uhfr funZs'kd rRo dk ftØ fd;k gSAlafoèkku dh vkRek osQ bu nksuksa igyqvksa esa,d fojksèkkHkkl gSA Hkkx rhu ;kuh ewyvfèkdkjksa dks U;kf;d laj{k.k feyk gqvk gSAnwljs 'kCnksa esa dgsa rks vxj fdlh ukxfjdosQ ewy vfèkdkj esa jkT; ?kqliSB djs ;k fiQjmlesa dVkSrh djs rks lokZsPp U;k;ky; mlslaj{k.k ns ldrk gSA jkT; dh ?kqliSB ;kdVkSrh dks voSèk crkrs gq, fujLr dj ldrkgS ysfdu uhfr funZs'kd rRoksa osQ ckjs esa ,slhdksbZ O;oLFkk ugha gSA vuqPNsn 36 ls ysdj51 rd esa jkT; osQ ftu uhfr funZs'kd rRoksadk ftØ gS] ewyr% jkT; osQ fy, fuèkkZfjrdrZO; gSaA ftlesa f'k{kk] LokLF;] nSfud thoudh t:jrksa vkfn dk ftØ gSA

uhfr funZs'kd rRoksa osQ ckjs esa dgk tkrkgS fd os jkT; ij uSfrd caèku dh rjg dkerks djrs gh gSaA rc ;g Hkh ekuk x;k fdyksdrkaf=kd lekt osQ vge rRo ernkrkvksaosQ gkFk ;s vfèkdkj vge gfFk;kj lkfcrgksaxsA lafoèkku }kjk çnÙk uhfr funZs'kd rRoksadks ysdj vius jguqekvksa ls loky Hkh iwNlosaQxsA cs'kd bu rRoksa dks vk;jySaM osQlafoèkku ls mBk;k x;k ysfdu rc Hkh ;gloky fpark Fkh fd bu rRoksa dh tokcnsgh

ugha r; dh xbZ rks Hkkoh jktuhfr vkSjdk;Zikfydk dks pykus okys rRo blsxaHkhjrkiwoZd ykxw ugha djsaxsA Hkkjrh; lafoèkkufuekZ.k dh i`"BHkwfe esa pwafd lektoknh]cqf¼oknh vkSj xkaèkhoknh nf"V jgh gS& ftldkftØ vuqPNsn 38 esa fd;k Hkh x;k gS&fygktk ;g ekuk x;k fd vkus okyh ljdkjsaturk osQ çfr bu uSfrd drZO;ksa dk fuokZgiwjh bZekunkjh ls djsaxhaA uhfr funZs'kd rRoksadks tokcnsg cukus dks ysdj vc Hkh lhèksloky Hkys u mB jgs gksa] ysfdu vktknh osQ68 lky ckn ;s t:j iwNk tkus yxk gS fdftu jktuhfrd nyksa vkSj 'kf[l;rksa osQ gkFkesa dk;Zikfydk dk dkedkt jgk] mUgksauslafoèkkuçnÙk bl uSfrd vfèkdkj dk fdrukbLrseky fd;kA

;g loky igyh ckj 2003 osQ foèkkulHkkpqukoksa esa Hkh çdkjkarj ls mBk Fkk] tc eè;çns'k] fnYyh] jktLFkku vkSj NÙkhlx<+ esapquko gq, FksA mu pqukoksa esa fnYyh NksM+djbUgha lokyksa ij lÙkk ifjorZu gqvk FkkA fiQjHkh iwjs nkos ls ugha dgk tk ldrk fd bupqukoksa osQ ckn Hkh dk;Zikfydk ij yksdrkaf=kdçfØ;k osQ rgr gh dkfct gksus okys jktuhfrdnyksa us bu uSfrd vfèkdkjksa dk lgh rjhosQls bLrseky fd;k gSA vxj lafoèkku esa fyf[krlektoknh] xkaèkhoknh vkSj cqf¼oknh voèkkj.kkij gh dke fd;k x;k gksrk rks bl ns'k esavc Hkh 83 djksM+ yksx chl #i;s ;k mllsHkh de ij jkstkuk ftanxh xqtkjus osQ fy,etcwj ugha gksrsA ;wjksi vkSj phu dh rjgHkkjr osQ xkao vkSj 'kgj LoPN gksrs] ;gka dhlnk uhjk ufn;ka ey vkSj vof'k"V ls ynus

loky

la

la?kh; O;oLFkk esa uhfr funZs'kd rRoksa dh tokcnsgh

xhrk prqoZsnh

ysf[kdk lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrd eqíksa ij yxkrkj ys[ku djrh gSaA jktuhfr 'kkL=k osQ vè;;u o foe'kZ osQ lkFk Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa budh xgjh fnypLih gSAbZesy% [email protected]

Hkkjr esa uhfr funZs'kd rRoksa

osQ iwjh rjg ykxw uk gks ikus

dh cM+h otg ns'k osQ ikl

lalkèkuksa dh deh gS ysfdu

gesa ;g ugha Hkwyuk pkfg,

fd 125 djksM+ dh viuh

tula[;k dk cM+k fgLlk

vc Hkh vkfFkZd vkSj

lkekftd vktknh dh ckV

tksg jgk gSA vxj uhfr

funZs'kd rRoksa dks lgh rjhosQ

ls ykxw ugha fd;k x;k rks

Hkkoh leL;kvksa ij dkcw

ikuk vklku ugha gksxk


1935 esa xouZj tujy us jkT;ksa osQxouZjksa dks turk osQ fgrksa osQ fy, tksvkStkj fn, Fks] njvly mudh tokcnsghturk dh lgwfy;rsa c<+kus vkSj mudk thouLrj mBkus osQ fy, dke djus dks ysdjFkhaA vktkn Hkkjr osQ lafoèkku esa bu vkStkjksadks uhfr funZs'kd rRoksa osQ rkSj ij 'kkfeydjrs oDr Hkh mlh Hkkouk dk foLrkjfd;k x;kA ;g ftEesnkjh ljdkjksa vkSj mUgsapykus okys jktuhfrd ra=k dks nh xbZAizFke vke pquko ls ysdj 1962 rd osQvke pquko rks usg:oknh lius dks jktuhfrdoSèkrk nsus osQ turkaf=kd mik; gh lkfcrgq,A rc Lora=krk vkanksyu osQ nkSjku lfUufgrfopkjksa dk cksyckyk FkkA blfy, usg: ijloky ugha mBs] flok; MkWDVj yksfg;k vkSjmuosQ oqQN lektoknh lg;ksfx;ksa osQ fdlhus usg:oknh fodkl ekWMy ij loky ughamBk;kA gkykafd usg: Hkh viuh ubZ fodkldh tks dgkuh Hkkjr osQ fy, jp jgs Fks]mlosQ ihNs Hkh uhfr funZs'kd rRoksa ls gkflyuSfrd lÙkk gh FkhA

lgh ek;us esa ns[kk tk; rks dkaxzslfoHkktu osQ ckn 1971 esa gq, pqukoksa esa

igyh ckj uhfr funZs'kd rRoksa dks rc çeq[krkfeyh] tc bafnjk xkaèkh us xjhch gVkvks dkukjk fn;kA blh ukjs osQ lgkjs mUgksaus Hkkjhthr gkfly dhA ;g ckr vkSj gS fd vcrd ns'k esa xjhc cus gq, gSaA

1977 osQ vke pqukoksa esa cs'kd dkaxzslosQ vkikrdky dh dkjxqtkfj;ksa dk çfrdkjO;Dr gqvk ysfdu rc Hkh turk dk LrjÅapk mBkuk] egaxkbZ ij dkcw ikuk vkSj vkeyksxksa osQ jgu&lgu dks csgrj cukus dkoknk turk ikVhZ us fd;k FkkA pquko cknvkbZ eksjkjth nslkbZ ljdkj us rRdky nkeckaèkus dh dksf'k'k dhA rc fdjklu rsy1-50 #i;s çfr yhVj vkSj phuh 2-40 #i;sçfr fdyksxzke fcdus yxh FkhA

1980 vkSj 1984 osQ vke pqukoksa esauhfr funZs'kd rRoksa us [kkl Hkwfedk ughafuHkkbZ ysfdu 1989 osQ ckn ls yxkrkj gjpquko esa jkT; uhfr funZs'kd rRoksa us cM+hHkwfedk fuHkkbZA bldk lcls cM+k vlj fn[kk2003 osQ foèkkulHkk pqukoksa esaA rc eè;çns'k] NÙkhlx<+] jktLFkku vkSj fnYyh esafctyh] lM+d vkSj ikuh us cM+h HkwfedkfuHkkbZA fodkl osQ ukjs ij yM+s x, bu

pqukoksa esa fnYyh NksM+dj Hkkjrh; turkikVhZ dks Hkkjh dke;kch feyhA rc fctyh]lM+d vkSj ikuh dks la{ksi esa Hkkjrh; turkikVhZ osQ cM+s usrk vkSj rRdkyhu osaQæh;ea=kh çeksn egktu us ch,lih dgk FkkAmudk dguk Fkk fd ch,lih us cM+h HkwfedkfuHkkbZA vkidh tkudkjh osQ fy, crk nsafd fctyh] ikuh vkSj lM+d eqgSÕ;k djkukjkT; vkSj osaQæ nksuksa dh ftEesnkjh gSA ,slkblfy, gS] D;ksafd ;s rhuksa gh fo"k; leorhZlwph osQ vax gSaA

2003 osQ ckn 2005 osQ fcgkj foèkkulHkkpqukoksa esa Hkh uhfr funZs'kd rRoksa us cM+hHkwfedk fuHkkbZA uhrh'k oqQekj dh vxqvkbZesa jk"Vªh; turkaf=kd xBcaèku us ykywljdkj osQ f[kykiQ dkuwu O;oLFkk osQlkFk fodkl dks cM+k eqík cuk;k vkSjfcgkj osQ yksxksa us bls gkFkksagkFk fy;kAgky esa gq, yksdlHkk pquko vkSj >kj[kaMfoèkkulHkk pquko esa vge eqík fodkl ghjgk vkSj bUgha eqíksa ij gh ernku osaQfærjgkA dguk u gksxk fd nksuksa pqukoksa esaturk us Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ osQ fodklosQ ok;ns ij Hkjkslk fd;kA

jktuhfr pedkus esa [kwc gqvk mi;ksx

fctyh] lM+d vkSj ikuh dks la{ksiesa Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ osQ cM+s usrkvkSj rRdkyhu osaQæh; ea=kh çeksn egktuus ch,lih dgk FkkA mudk dguk Fkkfd ch,lih us cM+h Hkwfedk fuHkkbZAvkidh tkudkjh osQ fy, crk nsa fdfctyh] ikuh vkSj lM+d eqgSÕ;k djkukjkT; vkSj osaQæ nksuksa dh ftEesnkjh gSA,slk blfy, gS] D;ksafd ;s rhuksa dhfo"k; leorhZ lwph osQ vax gSaA

dh ctk; vius ikjaifjd :i esa LoPN vkSjthounkf;uh jgh gksrhaA ;gka ;g crk nsukt:jh gS fd 2005 esa ;kstuk vk;ksx }kjkxfBr vtZqu lsu xqIrk desVh us fjiksVZ nh Fkhfd Hkkjr esa vc Hkh 20 #i;s ;k blls Hkhde ij xqtkjk djus osQ fy, bruh cM+hvkcknh etcwj gSA

vk;jySaM osQ lafoèkku osQ vè;k; 45 esauhfr funZs'kd rRoksa dk ftØ gSA ogha lsHkkjrh; lafoèkku fuekZrkvksa us vius ;gka HkhLohdkj fd;k gSA bu rRoksa dks vktknh lsigys bUgsa funZs'kksa dk vkStkj Hkh dgk x;kFkkA 1935 esa tc Hkkjr 'kklu vfèkfu;efczfV'k laln us ikfjr fd;k rks mlesa Hkh burRoksa dk ftØ Fkk vkSj jkT; dks ;g funZs'kfn;k x;k Fkk fd dkuwu cukus oDr turk osQfgr esa bu vkStkjksa dk t:j è;ku j[ksaxsAHkkjr 'kklu vfèkfu;e esa xouZj tujy }kjktu lkekU; osQ fgr esa bu rRoksa dks è;ku esaj[krs gq, 'kklu pykus osQ funZs'k nwljs

vkSifuosf'kd xouZjksa dks fn, x, FksA blfy,bUgsa xouZjksa dk vkStkj Hkh dgrs gSaA uhfrfunZs'kd rRoksa dk ftØ djrs oDr Hkkjrh;Lora=krk vkanksyu dh ijaijk dk Hkh è;kuj[kk x;k FkkA ;ksa rks Lora=k Hkkjr osQ ukxfjdksa

dks cjkcjh] 'kks"k.k ls eqfDr vkSj leku :ils vkxs c<+us dks ysdj vfèkdkj nsus dhpsruk dk fodkl vktknh osQ vkanksyu osQnkSjku gh gqvk FkkA blosQ ihNs 1919 esa

ekaVsX;w&psEliQksMZ lqèkkjksa esa O;kIr vlekurkHkh vkèkkj cuh FkhA bls è;ku esa j[krs gq,1925 esa ,uh cslsaV us lkr lw=kh jk"VªeaMyfoèks;d dk çk:i is'k fd;k FkkA blosQ ckn1928 esa dkaxzsl us eksrhyky usg: dh vè;{krkesa 11 lnL;h; desVh cukbZ Fkh ftlus Hkkjrh;ksadks ewy vfèkdkj dh xkjaVh nsus okyh fliQkfj'ksadh FkhaA ;s fliQkfj'ksa vesfjdk osQ vfèkdkjdkuwu vkSj çFke fo'o;q¼ osQ ckn ;wjksih;ns'kksa us vius ukxfjdksa dks tks vfèkdkj fn,Fks] ij vkèkkfjr FkhaA

dkaxzsl osQ 1931 djkph vfèkos'ku esatokgjyky usg: us ,d elfonk is'k fd;kFkkA bl nkSj esa lektoknh ewY;ksa dks vf[kyHkkjrh; ekU;rk fey jgh FkhA tokgjykyusg: ij bu ewY;ksa dk vlj dgha T;knk FkkAdjkph vfèkos'ku esa is'k muosQ elfons esabudk ftØ FkkA oqQN lafoèkku osQ tkudkjekurs gSa fd lafoèkku esa bu ewY;ksa dks T;ksadk R;ksa Lohdkj dj fy;k x;kA ;kuh Hkkjrh;


fuf'pr rkSj ij lqçhe dksVZ usHkh ;g O;oLFkk nh gS fd uhfr funZs'kdrRoksa dks tokcnsg ugha cuk;k tkldrkA o"kZ 1967 esa vk, xksyd ukFkcuke iatkc jkT; osQ osQl esa 11 ttksadh ihB us uhfr funZs'kd rRoksa dks Hkhewy vfèkdkj dh rjg ykxw djus dkiQSlyk fn;k FkkA ;g ckr vkSj gS fdblosQ ckn lafoèkku osQ vuqPNsn 13vkSj 368 esa la'kksèku djosQ bl iQSlysdks iyV fn;k x;kA

vxj uhfr funZs'kd rRoksa osQvkèkkj ij foèkkf;dk dksbZ dkuwucukrh gS rks fuf'pr rkSj ij mldhtokcnsgh cu tkrh gS vkSj mldhU;kf;d leh{kk gks ldrh gSA f'k{kkdk vfèkdkj dks uhfr funZs'kd rRodh ctk; vc ewy vfèkdkj esa 'kkfeydj fn;k x;k gSA

lafoèkku esa of.kZr uhfr funZs'kd rRo Hkys ghvk;jySaM osQ lafoèkku osQ Hkkx 45 ls fy,x, gksa] ysfdu mu ij vesfjdh vfèkdkjdkuwu] ;wjksih; ns'kksa }kjk vius ukxfjdksa dksfn, x, vfèkdkj vkSj lektoknh ewY;ksa ijvkèkkfjr gSaA fiQj mlosQ ikl Hkkjrh; Lokèkhurkvkanksyu dh ifo=k iwath vkSj ijaijk Hkh jghAfiQj Hkh Hkkjr esa vc Hkh xjhch vkSj vlekurkD;ksa ugha [kRe gks ikbZA

lafoèkku lHkk esa tc uhfr funZs'kd rRoksadks ysdj cgl gqbZ Fkh] rc eqacbZ osQ lnL;çksisQlj osQ Vh 'kkg us bUgsa tokcnsg cukusvkSj muosQ f[kykiQ U;kf;d leh{kk dkvfèkdkj fn, tkus dh odkyr dh FkhA blcgl osQ nkSjku çfl¼ okeiaFkh fopkjd ghjsueq[kthZ lafoèkkulHkk dh cSBd dh vè;{krkdj jgs FksA çksisQlj osQ Vh 'kkg us bls

tokcnsg cukus dks ysdj ,d çLrko Hkhj[kk FkkA ftldk ,e vuar'k;ue v;axkj usbldk fojksèk fd;k FkkA bl cgl esa fgLlkysrs gq, lafoèkku dh çk:i lfefr osQ vè;{kMkWDVj ch vkj vacsMdj us dgk Fkk & ^gefliQZ ,d ,slh çfØ;k ugha cukuk pkgrs]ftlosQ tfj, ;ksX; yksx vkxs vk,a vkSjvius vfèkdkjksa ij dCtk dj ysaA lafoèkkumu yksxksa osQ le{k ,d vkn'kZ O;oLFkk is'kdjuk pkgrk gS] tks ljdkj cukus dh bPNkj[krs gSaA og vkfFkZd vktknh dk vkn'kZgksxkA* ;g ckr vkSj gS fd çksisQlj osQ Vh'kkg vacsMdj osQ bl rdZ ls lger ugha gq,ysfdu vacsMdj uhfr funZs'kd rRoksa dksvkStkj ekurs jgsA

fuf'pr rkSj ij lqçhe dksVZ us Hkh ;gO;oLFkk nh gS fd uhfr funZs'kd rRoksa dkstokcnsg ugha cuk;k tk ldrkA o"kZ 1967

esa vk, xksyd ukFk cuke iatkc jkT; osQosQl esa 11 ttksa dh ihB us uhfr funZs'kdrRoksa dks Hkh ewy vfèkdkj dh rjg ykxwdjus dk iQSlyk fn;k FkkA ;g ckr vkSj gSfd blosQ ckn lafoèkku osQ vuqPNsn 13 vkSj368 esa la'kksèku djosQ bl iQSlys dks iyVfn;k x;kA bl ij Hkh fookn gqvk rks ckn esavk, osQ'kokuan Hkkjrh osQl esa lqçhe dksVZ usgh laln dh lokZsPprk dks ekU;rk ns nhysfdu lkFk esa ;g Hkh tksM+ fn;k fd oglafoèkku osQ ewy <kaps ls NsM+NkM+ ugha djldrh ysfdu loky cM+k ;g gS fd vkf[kjog ewy <kapk gS D;k--- bl ij cgl vc Hkhtkjh gSA

oqQN o"kZ igys lqçhe dksVZ us ,d iQSlykfn;k FkkA og iQSlyk Fkk fd lafoèkku dhukSaoh vuqlwph dh U;kf;d leh{kk dh tkldrh gSA njvly jkT;ksa vkSj la?k esa tcfookn gksrk Fkk vkSj dbZ ckj jkT; ;kuhosaQæh; 'kklu dks fdlh eqís dks Vkyukgksrk Fkk rks mls lafoèkku dh ukSaoh vuqlwphesa Mky nsrk FkkA pwafd ;g laoSèkkfud O;oLFkkFkh fd lafoèkku dh ukSaoh vuqlwph esa 'kkfeyfd, x, fo"k; dh U;kf;d leh{kk ugha gksldrh gS] fygktk bl fu;e osQ tfj, eqíksadks gy djus dh ctk; Vkyus dh çfØ;krst gks xbZ Fkh ysfdu lokZsPp U;k;ky; dhlafoèkkuihB us iQSlyk nsdj bl ifjikVhij fojke gh yxk fn;kA rks loky ;g gSfd D;k uhfr funZs'kd rRoksa dks ysdj HkhdHkh ,slk iQSlyk vk,xkA gky gh esa nokvksadh vkleku Nwrh dherksa ij yxke yxkusdks ysdj lokZsPp vnkyr esa ,d tufgr;kfpdk nk;j dh xbZ FkhA ftl ij fnlacj2014 esa cM+h vnkyr us ;g iQSlyk fn;kfd bl ij yxke yxkus dk vfèkdkjU;k;ikfydk dks ugha gSA njvly ukxfjddks lgwfy;rsa nsuk uhfr funZs'kd rRo dkgh vax gSA blfy, U;k;ikfydk blesa n[kyugha ns ldrhA

rF; ;g Hkh gS fd vxj uhfr funZs'kdrRoksa osQ vkèkkj ij foèkkf;dk dksbZ dkuwucukrh gS rks fuf'pr rkSj ij mldh tokcnsghcu tkrh gS vkSj mldh U;kf;d leh{kk gksldrh gSA f'k{kk dk vfèkdkj dks uhfrfunZs'kd rRo dh ctk; vc ewy vfèkdkjesa 'kkfey dj fn;k x;k gSA o"kZ 2011 esa

gq, bl cnyko osQ ckn vc bls ysdjU;kf;d leh{kk dh tk ldrh gSA bl rjgHkkstu dh xkjaVh dk vfèkdkj nsus dh ckrpy jgh gSA vxj bls ykxw dj fn;k tkrkgS rks ;g Hkh U;kf;d leh{kk vkSj tokcnsghosQ nk;js esa vk tk,xkA egkRek xkaèkh jk"Vªh;jkstxkj dk;ZØe dk dkuwu cuus osQ cknHkh ,slk gh gSA

oSls tkudkjksa osQ lkeus ,d loky ;gHkh gS fd vxj uhfr funZs'kd rRoksa dkstokcnsg cuk;k tk; rks mls dkSu ykxwdjk,xkA blosQ fy, 2002 esa us'kuy deh'kuvkWWu n ofdZax vkWWiQ dkaLVhV~;w'ku us lq>kofn;k Fkk fd uhfr funZs'kd rRoksa dks ykxwfd;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj bls dkuwuh tkek dhctk; ;g dke ,d ,tsalh osQ tfj, gksukpkfg,A vkf[kj vkt uDlyokn dh leL;k;k fiQj ns'k Hkj esa tks <sj lkjs vkanksyu gks

jgs gSa] muosQ ihNs dgha u dgha uhfr funZs'kdrRoksa dks iwjs eu ls uk ykxw fd;k tkuk Hkh,d cM+k dkj.k gSA ,ulhMCY;wlh us Hkhekuk Fkk fd vxj uhfr funZs'kd rRoksa dksdkuwuh rkSj ij ykxw djus dh ckè;rk gks rksfuf'pr rkSj ij ;g foèkkf;dk osQ dkuwucukus vkSj dk;Zikfydk osQ dke djus osQvfèkdkjksa esa n[kyankth gksxh ysfdu mlusHkh ekuk fd bUgsa ykxw djus osQ fy, ,dcsgrj dk;Zç.kkyh t:j gksuh pkfg,A cs'kdoqQN tkudkjksa dk rdZ gS fd Hkkjr esa uhfrfunZs'kd rRoksa osQ iwjh rjg ykxw uk gks ikusdh cM+h otg ns'k osQ ikl lalkèkuksa dhdeh gS ysfdu gesa ;g ugha Hkwyuk pkfg,fd 125 djksM+ dh viuh tula[;k dk cM+kfgLlk vc Hkh vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd vktknhdh ckV tksg jgk gSA vxj uhfr funZs'kdrRoksa dks lgh rjhosQ ls ykxw ugha fd;k x;krks Hkkoh leL;kvksa ij dkcw ikuk vklkuugha gksxkA �


YH - 323/2014


yqxq ns'ke ikVhZ osQ laLFkkid vkSjvkaèkzçns'k osQ HkwriwoZ eq[;ea=kh,uVh jkekjko dk ,d e'kgwj c;ku

ckj&ckj m¼r fd;k tkrk gSA jkekjko us osaQædks ,d daLispqvy feFk* ;kuh voèkkj.kkRedfeFkd dgk FkkA(1) mudk ;g c;ku njvly]mu cgqr lkjh ckrksa dks vius vki esa lesVrkgS tks la?kh; O;oLFkk esa {ks=kh; jktuhfr osQçHkko ls lacafèkr gSaA ;g la;ksx gh gS fdjkekjko ftl çkar ls vkrs Fks ogha osQ ,dvu'kudkjh ih- Jhjkeqyw osQ vkUnksyu usrRdkyhu usg: ljdkj dks lu~ 1953 esaU;k;ewfrZ iQty vyh osQ usrRo esa jkT; iquxZBuvk;ksx dk xBu djus dks etcwj fd;k FkkvkSj Hkk"kkbZ vkèkkj ij jkT;ksa dk xBu fd;kx;k FkkA vktknh osQ ckn Hkkjrh; la?k dkxBu mu HkkSxksfyd] lkekftd vkSj jktuhfrdfofoèkrkvksa dks vius esa lgstus dk ç;kl Fkktks bl ns'k dks fons'kh fo}kuksa dh utj esa,d vLoHkkfod jk"Vª cukrh FkhaA mu fo}kuksadks yxrk Fkk fd Hkkjr ,d vkèkqfud jk"Vª osQrkSj ij bruk vLoHkkfod gS fd bldk T;knkfnuksa rd otwn cuk ugha jg ik,xk*A(2)vktknh dh yM+kbZ osQ njE;ku vkSj mlosQ cknHkh gekjs jk"Vªusrk bl ckr ls HkyhHkkafr okfdiQFks fd Hkkjrh; jk"Vª dk Lo:i la?kkRed Hkysgh gks] ysfdu bldh {ks=kh; vkdka{kkvksa dksHkyhHkkafr iYyfor gksus dk volj feyukpkfg,A ;gh oks otg Fkh ftlus ;gka ij'kklu dh ,dkRed jk"Vªifr ç.kkyh dks uviukdj lalnh; ç.kkyh viukus dks çsfjrfd;k ysfdu lkFk gh os ml ,sfrgkfld Hk;ls Hkh funZsf'kr gks jgs Fks ftlus osaQæ osQdetksj gksus dh lwjr esa jk"Vª osQ fc[kjus dh

ckr muosQ eu esa LFkkfir dj j[kh FkhA lafoèkkulHkk esa vius Hkk"k.k esa MkW- vEcsMdj us dgkFkk fd bfrgkl xokg gS fd tc&tc osaQæ dhlÙkk detksj gqbZ gS rc&rc ns'k fc[kj x;kgSA ,sls esa ,d etcwr osaQæ dk gksuk t:jh gSAvEcsMdj vkSj ns'k dk rRdkyhu usrRo blckr ls [kklrkSj ij fpafrr Fkk fd oqQN ghlky igys ,d jDrjaftr la?k"kZ vkSj naxksa osQckn èkeZ osQ uke ij ns'k dk caVokjk gks x;kFkkA vEcsMdj us vrhr dh nklrk dk ftØdjrs gq, ;s Hkh dgk fd gekjs ns'k dks fons'khvkØkarkvksa ls gkj dk lkeuk blfy, djukiM+k D;ksafd gekjs vanj vkil esa iQwV Fkh vkSj,d {ks=k nwljs {ks=k dh enn osQ fy, lkeusugha vk;kA(3) etcwr osaQæ osQ le{k i;kZIr:i ls Lok;Ùk vkSj l{ke jkT;ksa dh ckr Hkhcjkcj dh tkrh jghA jkT; ges'kk ;s ekaxdjrs jgs fd mudh Lok;Ùkrk esa n[kyvankthu dh tk,] vkfFkZd fgLlsnkjh esa c<+ksrjhdh tk, vkSj osaQæh; ;kstukvksa dh la[;k?kVkbZ tk,A lafoèkku fuekZ.k osQ le; HkhjkT;ksa osQ çfrfufèk;ksa us osaQæ dh vR;fèkd'kfDr;ksa dk fojksèk fd;k vkSj dgk fd ns'kdks ,d la?kh; ugha cfYd ,dkRed lafoèkkufeyk gS vkSj yksdra=k dh voèkkj.kk fnYyhdh lhekvksa rd fleV xbZ gS*A(4)

igys Hkh vkSj vc Hkh jkT;ksa us fo'ks"kjkT; dk ntkZ ekaxk] tSlk fd fcgkj] vksfM'kk;k if'pe caxky eq[kj :i ls ekax gh jgsgSaA gkykafd vktknh osQ Ng n'kd ckn vc;s ekeyk {ks=kh; vfLerk dk de vkfFkZdfgLlsnkjh dk T;knk gks x;k gS vkSj ;g{ks=kh;rk dh gh ,d vyx rjhosQ dhvfHkO;fDr gSA Hkkjrh; jk"Vª&jkT; dk Lo:i

fo'ys"k.k

rs

lq'kkar >k

la?kh; O;oLFkk ij {ks=kh; jktuhfr dk çHkko

ys[kd Lora=k i=kdkj o jktuhfrd fo'ys"kd gSaA laizfr ,d ehfM;k dalYVsalh esa ofj"B laikndh; ijke'khZ gSaA lks'ky ehfM;k ij lfØ; pfpZr fVIi.khdkjksa esa 'kkfeygSaA Hkkjrh; tulapkj laLFkku u;h fnYyh ds Nk=k jgs gSaA jkepaæ xqgk dh iqLrdksa bafM;k vkÝVj xka/h* rFkk xka/h fciQksj bafM;k* ds lkFk gh vusd iqLrdksa dk vuqokndj pqds gSaA bZesy% [email protected]

Hkkjr tSls cgqHkk"kh] cgquLyh;

vkSj cgqèkkfeZd laLÑfr osQ lkFk

HkkSxksfyd fofoèkrk okys ns'k esa

{ks=kh;rk dk gksuk LokHkkfod gS

vkSj bldk bl ns'k ls fcYoqQy

[kRe gks tkuk laHko ugha gSA gka]

ftl rjg ls ns'k esa vkfFkZd

,dhdj.k vkSj lapkj ekè;eksa

osQ foLrkj dh otg ls

HkkSxksfyd nwfj;ka fleV jgh gSa]

mlls ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS

fd ge ,d çfrLièkhZ {ks=kh;rk

dh fn'kk esa c<+ jgs gSa] tgka

jkT; vkSj {ks=k ,d nwljs ls

LoLFk vkfFkZd çfrLièkkZ esa yxs

jgsaxs vkSj dHkh dHkkj

uksad&>ksad Hkh djrs jgsaxs


vlj FkkA(6) ,sls esa ç'u Fkk bu {ks=kh;vkdka{kkvksa dks dSls larq"V fd;k tk, vkSjjk"Vª dh etcwrh esa dSls budk bLrsekyfd;k tk,\ nwljk loky ;s Fkk fd la?kh;O;oLFkk dks etcwr cuk, j[krs gq, {ks=kh;vkdka{kkvksa dks dSls iw.kZ :i ls f[kyus dkvolj fn;k tk,\ ;s oqQN ,sls ç'u Fks tkstcnZLr larqyu dh ekax djrs Fks vkSj ,dmnkj vkSj nwjn'khZ usr`Ro dh vis{kk djrs FksAlkSHkkX; ls vius iM+kslh ns'kksa osQ foijhrHkkjr esa ,sls usr`Ro dh deh ugha jghA

Hkkjr esa {ks=kh; jktuhfr dk la?kh; O;oLFkkij D;k çHkko iM+rk jgk gS ;k Hkfo"; esabldh D;k :ijs[kk gksxh & bldks tkuus osQfy, FkksM+k {ks=kh; jktuhfr osQ pfj=k dks le>ukt:jh gSA Hkkjr esa {ks=kh; jktuhfr osQ fofoèkLo:i gSa vkSj muesa le:irk ugha gSA igykLo:i Hkk"kkbZ mi&jk"Vªh;rkoknh vfLerk dk gSftlosQ vkèkkj ij njvly igys&igys ns'k

dk vkarfjd (jkT;ksa dk) iquxZBu fd;k x;kAblosQ ihNs ewy fpark ;s Fkh fd [kkl&[kklbykdksa esa opZLo'kkyh Hkk"kkvksa okys bykosQ esavU;&Hkk"kkHkkf"k;ksa us vkUnksyu fd;kA bldh'kq#vkr vkaèkzçns'k ls gqbZ tgka Jhjkeqyq us ,dvyx rsyqxq jkT; osQ fy, vu'ku djrs gq,viuh tku ns nhA mlosQ ckn ns'k esa çFkejkT; iquxBZu vk;ksx dk tUe gqvk vkSj ns'kesa lksyg çkar cuk, x,A

nwljk Lo:i èkkfeZd&uLyh; vfLerk dkgS ftlus oqQN èkeZ vkSj uLy osQ yksxksa dksbl ckr osQ çfr vlqj{kk ls Hkj fn;k fd,d fojkV vkSj ,dhÑr ns'k esa mudk èkeZvkSj uLy eq[;èkkjk esa foyhu gks ldrk gSAdbZ ckj bldh lhek vyxkookn osQ Lrjrd Hkh xbZ ysfdu vfèkdka'kr% ;g lafoèkkudks ekuus okyk gh jgkA bl rjg dh {ks=kh;rkiatkc dh vdkyh ny] fetks us'kuy çQaV]vle x.k ifj"kn ;k tEew vkSj d'ehj esa

uCcs vkSj ckn osQ n'kd esa rks{ks=kh; jktuhfr bruh etcwr gks xbZfd mlus dbZ ckj ns'k dh fons'k uhfrrd ij çHkko Mkyus dh dksf'k'k djnhA cgqr fnu ugha gq, tc ;wih,&2osQ njE;ku if'pe caxky dh eq[;ea=khrRdkyhu çèkkuea=kh eueksgu flag osQlkFk caXykns'k tkus dks rS;kj ughagqbZ D;ksafd rhLrk&ty caVokjs ij oglger ugha FkhaA

Hkys gh la?kkRed gks ysfdu fo}kuksa us O;aX;esa bls ,dkRed dgk gh gSA tkfgj gS] ,slkvkfFkZd lalkèkuks a ij osaQæ dk yxHkx,dkfèkdkj vkSj ç'kklu esa mlosQ fo'ks"kkfèkdkjksadh otg ls gSA bldh lcls rY[k vfHkO;fDrml le; gqbZ tc oqQN lky igys rfeyukMqdh eq[;ea=kh us jkT;ksa dh rqyuk ^xkSjo'kkyhuxjikfydkvksa* ls dj nh vkSj osaQæ ijxSj&t:jh gLr{ksi osQ vkjksi yxk,A(5)

orZeku esa ns[ksa rks] Hkys gh ns'k esa dbZn'kdksa osQ ckn dksbZ ,d&nyh; cgqer okyhljdkj cuh gS] ysfdu mlls ihNs dk djhcnks n'kd xBcaèku ljdkjksa dk nkSj jgk gSAmu n'kdksa esa dksbZ Hkh ljdkj {ks=kh; nyksa osQleFkZu osQ fcuk ugha cu ik jgh FkhA reke{ks=kh; ny vius&vius jkT;ksa osQ fy, T;knklalkèku;qDr ea=kky; ;k fiQj T;knk ls T;knkfoÙkh; enn dk nokc Mky jgs FksA cgqr lsjktuSfrd iafMrksa us bls ,d vifjgk;Z vkSjyacs le; rd pyus okyk Øe eku fy;kFkk] gkykafd {ks=kh; ikfVZ;ksa dk mn; vkSjmudk fodkl dksbZ ubZ ?kVuk ugha FkhA vktknhosQ ckn ls gh {ks=kh; ikfVZ;ka otwn esa vk xbZFkha vkSj vyx&vyx jkT;ksa esa mUgksaus etcwrjktuhfrd Hkwfedk vkSj dgha&dgha ljdkjcukuk Hkh 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA ,slk LokHkkfodHkh Fkk] D;ksafd ,d oDr Fkk tc dkaxzslikVhZ dh e'khujh gh bruk fo'kky Fkh fdmlesa ns'k dh fofoèk jktuhfrd] lkekftdvkdka{kk,a txg ik ysrh Fkha ysfdu vktknhosQ ckn osQ n'kdksa esa ,slk gksuk can gks x;kA

tc {ks=kh; vkdka{kk,a [kycykus yxharc dbZ vkdka{kk,a ,slh Hkh Fkha ftudk Lo:ivyxkooknh Fkk vkSj tks ,d v[kaM vkSj,dhÑr Hkkjr dh ifjdYiuk dks pqukSrh nsjgh FkhaA ,slh lcls 'kq#vkrh pqukSfr;ksa esauxk vkUnksyu vkSj d'ehj dk eqík vgeFkk] lkFk gh iatkc esa fl[kksa dk ,d lewg(ftlosQ usrk ekLVj rkjk flag Fks) vkSjrfeyukMq dh Mh,eosQ Hkh oqQN mUgha Hkkoukvksals vksrçksr Fkha tks vR;fèkd Lok;Ùkrk vkSjLora=krk osQ chp osQ iQdZ dks yka?k tkukpkgrh FkhaA bu {ks=kh; vkSj dbZ ckj èkkfeZdvkdka{kkvksa us ,slk ladV iSnk fd;k fd lu~1951 dh tux.kuk esa iatkc osQ fganqvksa usviuh ekr`Hkk"kk osQ LFkku ij iatkch osQ cnysfganh fy[kok fn;k! ,slk dkYifud fl[kopZLo osQ Hk; ls fd;kA ;g la?kokn ij{ks=kh; vkSj vfLerk dh jktuhfr dk vthc

us'kuy dkaçQsal osQ :i esa O;Dr gksrh jghArhljk Lo:i tks vis{kkÑr de LFkk;h

Hkko okyk jgk gS] oks nfer vkfFkZd&lkekftdvkdka{kk ls ifjpkfyr gS ftlesa fiNM+ksa&oafprksaosQ fy, ifjdfYir dksbZ ikVhZ LFkk;h ugha jgikbZ vkSj dbZ [kaMksa esa fc[kj dj oa'kkuqxrjktuhfr osQ vèkhu vk xbZA ,sls nyksa us Hkhvyx&rjg ls vius {ks=kksa dks O;Dr fd;kvkSj la?kh; O;oLFkk dks çHkkfor djrs jgsAbu nyksa esa fcgkj esa jktn] mÙkj çns'k esalektoknh ikVhZ] vksfM'kk esa chtw turk ny]rfeyukMq esa ih,eosQ vkSj if'pe caxky esar`.kewy dkaxzsl çeq[k gSaA

lu~ 1952 ls ysdj lu~ 1989 rd tcrd osaQæ esa ,dnyh; ljdkj jgh] {ks=kh;jktuhfr ml fglkc ls la?kh; O;oLFkk dksçHkkfor ugha dj ikbZ ftl fglkc ls ckn osQn'kdksa esa ns[kus dks feykA gkykafd vktknhosQ ckn osQ n'kd ,d uotkr eqYd osQfglkc ls [krjukd n'kd ekus tkrs Fks tcns'k esa [kk|kUuksa dh deh] Hkh"k.k xjhch]'kj.kkfFkZ;ksa dh leL;k] iM+ksfl;ksa ls ;q¼ vkSj,d fgald mxz oke&vkUnksyu iSj ilkjusdh fiQjkd esa FkkA ,slk dkaxzsl osQ usr`Ro esa,dnyh; ç.kkyh osQ etcwr gksus dh otgls Fkk ysfdu uCcs vkSj ckn osQ n'kd esa rks{ks=kh; jktuhfr bruh etcwr gks xbZ fd mlusdbZ ckj ns'k dh fons'k uhfr rd ij çHkkoMkyus dh dksf'k'k dj nhA cgqr fnu ughagq, tc ;wih,&2 osQ njE;ku rRdkyhuçèkkuea=kh eueksgu flag osQ lkFk if'pecaxky dh eq[;ea=kh caXykns'k tkus dks rS;kjugha gqb± D;ksafd rhLrk&ty caVokjs ij oglger ugha FkhaA(7) oqQN ,slk gh rc gqvktc Jhyadk esa rfey foæksfg;ksa osQ f[kykiQtc ogka dh ljdkj dkjZokbZ dj jgh Fkh rksrfeyukMq dh jktuhfrd ikfVZ;ksa us osaQæ ijtcnZLr nokc cuk;kA bl otg ls HkkjrvkSj Jhyadk osQ lacaèkksa esa tks xekZgV vkuhpkfg, Fkh] mlesa deh ns[kh xbZA xBcaèkuljdkjksa osQ nkSj esa {ks=kh; ikfVZ;ksa osQ usrkviuh ethZ ls ea=kh euksuhr djus yxs vkSjosaQæ ljdkj osQ eqf[k;k osQ vfèkdkj dkspqukSrh nh xbZ vkSj oSQfcusV flLVe dhvkelgefr çHkkfor gqbZA

gkykafd ,slk ugha Fkk fd uCcs osQ n'kdls igys {ks=kh; jktuhfr dk la?kh; O;oLFkkij fcYdqy vlj ugha FkkA ns[kk tk, rksjkT;ksa dk iquxZBu gh {ks=kh; jktuhfr osQ


dkosjh ;k jkoh&O;kl ty fookn dh [kcjksals vVh iM+h jgrh FkhaA dbZ ckj ,slk gksrk Fkkfd nks jkT;ksa esa ,d gh ny dh ljdkj gksrhFkh ysfdu os nksuksa ljdkjsa lalkèkuksa osQ fy,vkil esa yM+rh jgrh FkhaA iatkc vkSj gfj;k.kk;k dukZVd vkSj rfeyukMq esa dkaxzsl&uhr ;kxBcaèku okyh ljdkjsa Hkys jgh gksa ysfdutc lalkèkuksa osQ caVokjs dh ckr vkrh Fkh rksos vkØked gks tkrh FkhaA lu~ 2004 esa rksiatkc foèkkulHkk us ,d çLrko gh ikfjrdj fn;k fd oks vU; jkT;ksa osQ lkFkty&caVokjs dh lafèk dks [kkfjt dj jghgSA(9) fu'p; gh ;g la?kh; Hkkoukvksa dkmYya?ku FkkA tcfd osaQæ vkSj jkT;ksa esa dkaxzsldh ljdkj gh FkhA

{ks=kh; jktuhfr osQ rgr dbZ ckj nwljsçns'k osQ yksxksa dk ;s dgdj fojksèk fd;kfd os vU; çns'kksa osQ yksxksa dk jkstxkj oqQrjjgs gSaA ,slk lu~ lkB osQ n'kd esa caxkfy;ksa

([kkldj iwohZ ikfdLrku ls vk, yksxksa) dksysdj vle esa Hkh gqvk vkSj lglzkCnh dh'kq#vkr esa egkjk"Vª esa Hkh fNViqV :i lsoSlk gh gqvk tgka mÙkj Hkkjrh;ksa osQ fojksèkdh [kcjsa vkbZaA ,slk gh lkB vkSj lÙkj osQn'kd esa nf{k.k Hkkjrh;ksa dk fojksèk fd;kx;k Fkk tc f'kolsuk us ejkBh vfLerk dhyM+kbZ 'kq: dh FkhA

,slk ugha gS fd Hkkjr esa {ks=kh; jktuhfrosQ mHkkj us ges'kk ns'k ;k mu bykdksa dkvfgr gh fd;k gksA mlosQ oqQN ldkjkRedifj.kke Hkh lkeus vk, gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy,rfeyukMq ;k fetksje dks fy;k tk ldrk gStks ,d tekus esa fganh&fojksèk] mÙkj fojksèkvkSj czkã.k fojksèk dh jktuhfr dh èkqjh FkkA;gka ,d gh lkFk Hkk"kk] uLy] tkfr vkSjosaQæ fojksèkh ('kq#vkrh nkSj esa rks ns'kfojksèkhHkh) jktuhfr miQku ij Fkh ysfdu rfeymi&jk"Vªh;rkokn us ogka dh jktuhfr dkstuksUeq[kh vkSj yksddY;k.kdkjh cukus dh

;g {ks=kh; jktuhfr dk gh nokcFkk ftl otg ls fganh ,dek=kjktHkk"kk ugha cu ikbZ vkSj vaxzsthosQ cjD'k bldk ntkZ detksj ghcuk jg x;kA ,slk dbZ ckj gqvk] lu~1950 esa tc usg: ljdkj osQ lkeusfodV fojksèk fd;k x;k rks 15 o"kks±osQ fy, fganh dks ykxw djuk jksdfn;k x;kA

ncko esa gqvk Fkk vkSj rRdkyhu osaQæ ljdkjml ij Hkjld VkyeVksy dj jgh FkhA mlle; ljdkj bl Hk; osQ lk;s esa th jgh Fkhfd oqQN gh fnu igys èkeZ osQ uke ij ns'kdk caVokjk gks x;k Fkk vkSj og Hkk"kk osQekeys ij jkT;ksa dk iquxBZu dj cjZs osQ NÙksesa gkFk ugha Mkyuk pkgrh FkhA rsyqxqvkUnksyudkjh Jhjkeqyw] ftudk ftØ igysfd;k tk pqdk gS] egkRek xkaèkh osQ vuq;k;hjgs Fks vkSj egkRek [kqn Hkk"kkbZ vkèkkj ijdkaxzsl desfV;ksa osQ iquxZBu ds leFkZd jgsFksA(8) ,slk lu~ 1917 osQ ckn ls fd;k Hkhx;k Fkk tc dkaxzsl desfV;ksa dk xBu Hkk"kkbZvkèkkj ij fd;k FkkA ikVhZ us Hkk"kkbZ vkèkkjij çkarksa osQ iquxZBu osQ çfr [kqn dks çfrc¼crk;k Fkk ysfdu vktknh osQ ckn Hkkjrljdkj ,d vKkr Hk; dh otg ls ml ijVkyeVksy dj jgh Fkh] D;ksafd ns'k dk caVokjkHkh gks x;k Fkk vkSj mldk vkèkkj èkeZ FkkAljdkj] ml le; Hkk"kk osQ vkèkkj ij dksbZHkh tksf[ke ysus ls cp jgh FkhA

;g {ks=kh; jktuhfr dk gh nokc Fkkftl otg ls fganh ,dek=k jktHkk"kk ughacu ikbZ vkSj vaxzsth osQ cjD'k bldk ntkZdetksj gh cuk jg x;kA ,slk dbZ ckj gqvk]lu~ 1950 esa tc usg: ljdkj osQ lkeusfodV fojksèk fd;k x;k rks 15 o"kks± rd osQfy, fganh dks ykxw djuk jksd fn;k x;kysfdu lu~ 1965 esa tc ogh leL;k ykycgknqj 'kkL=kh ljdkj osQ lkeus is'k vkbZ rks,d dV~Vj fganhoknh gksus osQ ckotwn 'kkL=khus ns'k dh ifjfLFkfr osQ fglkc ls t:jhyphykiu fn[kk;k vkSj fganh dks ykxw djukjkT;ksa dh bPNk ij NksM+ fn;kA mu usrkvksa usHkk"kkb Z lokZ sPprk osQ lkeus ns'k dh,drk&v[kaMrk dks T;knk egRo fn;k&tksfcYoqQy mi;qDr FkkA fliQZ Hkkjr ljdkj dhHkk"kkbZ uhfr dk Hkh xgu vè;;u dj fy;ktk, rks la?kh; O;oLFkk ij {ks=kh; jktuhfrosQ çHkko osQ dbZ isap [kqy ldrs gSaA

nwljh ckr] la?kh; O;oLFkk ij {ks=kh;jktuhfr dk çHkko lalkèkuksa osQ caVokjksa dksysdj Hkh FkkA unh ty dk caVokjk] oqQN'kgjksa ij vfèkdkj (elyu rRdkyhu cacbZ]paMhx<+ ;k orZeku esa gSnjkckn ij)] m|ksxèkaèkksa dh LFkkiuk esa ojh;rk dh ekax vkSj{ks=kh;rk osQ vèkhu {ks=kh;rk dh ekax (elyucksMksySaM] rsyaxkuk vkfn) vge ekax FkhAlu~ uCcs osQ n'kd rd v[kckjksa dh lqf[kZ;ka

fn'kk esa Hkh vxzlj fd;kA urhtk ;g gqvkfd rfeyukMq lu~ uCcs osQ n'kd esa rfeyukMq,sls jkT;ksa esa 'kqekj gks x;k tks lkekftdekudksa&elyu f'k{kk] LokLF;] iks"k.k&vkfnij dkiQh Åapk FkkA mlh rjg fgekpy çns'k;k fetksje ftls Øe'k% iatkc vkSj vle lsdkVdj vyx cuk;k x;k Fkk] ogka dhljdkjksa us f'k{kk ij&[kkldj ckfydk f'k{kkij&bruk tksj fn;k fd oks çkar lu~ uCcs osQn'kd esa nwljksa osQ fy, mnkgj.k cu x,Afgekpy esa lu~ 1961 esa yM+fd;ksa dh lk{kjrknj egt 11 iQhlnh Fkh] oks lu~ 1998 rd98 iQhlnh igqap xbZA(10) tc egkjk"Vª esaoqQN jktuhfrd nyksa us fcgkj vkSj ;wih osQyksxksa dk fojksèk fd;k rks blus mu çns'kksa dhjktuhfr ij oqQN vkarfjd çHkko t:j MkykAfganh iV~Vh ls vyx tks çkar vkt fodkldh ubZ Åapkb;ka Nw jgs gSa] mldk ,d vkaf'kddkj.k muesa {ks=kh;rk ls ifjiw.kZ mijk"Vªh;rkokndh Hkkouk dk mn; gksuk Hkh Fkk] ftlus ogkaosQ usrkvksa dks T;knk tuksUeq[kh] çfrc¼ vkSjdY;k.kdkjh cuus dks çsfjr fd;kA bldkseksVs rkSj ij mu jkT;ksa esa lk{kjrk nj] çfrO;fDrvk;] ySafxd vuqikr] lkekftd ln~Hkko vkSje`R;qnj vkSj tUenj osQ :i esa ns[kk tkldrk gSA fNViqV mnkgj.k osQ :i esa ns[ksa rksmu jkT;ksa esa nksigj dk Hkkstu] yM+fd;ksa osQfy, lkbfdy] xjhcksa osQ fy, vkokl vkSjlLrs nj ij vukt dh ;kstuk,a igys pykbZxbZa] mls ckn esa nwljs jkT;ksa us ykxw fd;kA

njvly] vktknh osQ rqjar ckn {ks=kh;rk,d okLrfod [krjk tSlk Fkk tks vktknh osQNg n'kd ckn vc okLrfod ugha cfYd ,dDykfldy (voèkkj.kkRed) ^eqík* Hkj jgx;k gS tks fu;a=k.k ;ksX; vkSj ,d gn rdLokxr ;ksX; Hkh gSA vaxzstksa osQ tekus esa tks'kklu Fkk mlesa ns'k osQ oqQNsd 'kgjksa dksNksM+dj ckdh ns'k ,d rjg ls mifuos'k osQvèkhu mifuos'k Fkk ftlesa oqQN Hkh fodklugha gqvk FkkA ns'kh jtokM+ksa dh fLFkfr fcYoqQyvyx Fkh] ftlesa dgha&dgha lkSHkkX; ls oqQNjktkvksa us oqQN LowQy&dkWyst [kksy fn, FksAvaxzst tc ns'k NksM+dj tk jgs Fks rks ml le;ns'k dh egt 8 iQhlnh vkcknh f'kf{kr Fkh]mruh gh djhc 'kgjh Fkh vkSj ns'k esa Hk;kudvkfFkZd&lkekftd vkSj {ks=kh; fo"kerk FkhA,sls esa Hkkjr uke osQ ns'k esa {ks=kh;rk osQ mHkkjvkSj ,drk dks cuk, j[kus dh pqukSrh^okLrfod* Fkh] tks chrs n'kdksa esa èkhjs&èkhjs


dkcw esa vkrh xbZ gSA osaQæh; ljdkj us fofoèkvkfFkZd] 'kS{kf.kd vkSj cqfu;knh <kaps dk forj.kdj ns'k esa ,d rjg dh lerk LFkkfir djusdh dksf'k'k dh gSA ,slk gh flusek] m|ksx]lapkj osQ ekè;eksa] fØosQV vkSj vU; dkjdksa usHkh fd;k gSA vc {ks=kh;rk dk eqík egtDykfldy blfy, gS D;ksafd vc mldh ekaxegt jktuSfrd&vkfFkZd fgLlsnkjh ls T;knkdh ugha gS vkSj blesa ns'k osQ fo[kaMu dk[krjk fcYoqQy ugha gSA oqQy feykdj ;s fcYoqQydgk tk ldrk gS fd bl ns'k esa ,d gh lkFkdksbZ O;fDr& rfey ;k dUuM+ osQ :i esa Hkhmlh 'kku vkSj vkjke osQ lkFk jg ldrk gSftruk fd ,d Hkkjrh; osQ :i esaA(11)

tgka rd blosQ Hkfo"; dh ckr gS rksHkkjr tSls cgqHkk"kh] cgquLyh; vkSj cgqèkkfeZdlaLÑfr osQ lkFk HkkSxksfyd fofoèkrk okysns'k esa {ks=kh;rk dk gksuk LokHkkfod gS vkSjbldk bl ns'k ls fcYoqQy [kRe gks tkuklaHko ugha gSA gka] ftl rjg ls ns'k esa

vkfFkZd ,dhdj.k vkSj lapkj ekè;eksa osQfoLrkj dh otg ls HkkSxksfyd nwfj;ka fleVjgh gSa] mlls ;gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd ge,d çfrLièkhZ {ks=kh;rk dh fn'kk esa c<+ jgsgSa] tgka jkT; vkSj {ks=k ,d nwljs ls LoLFkvkfFkZd çfrLièkkZ esa yxs jgsaxs vkSj dHkhdHkkj uksad&>ksad Hkh djrs jgsaxsA tSlk fdfoÙkea=kh v#.k tsVyh us mfpr gh dgk fdvxj jkT; etcwr gSa rks LoHkkfod :i lsosaQæ Hkh etcwr gksxkA ge ,d ,sls Hkkjr dhfn'kk esa c<+ jgs gSa tgka lg;ksxkRed la?koknosQ lkFk&lkFk çfrLièkkZRed la?kokn viuhtxg cuk pqdk gS*A(12) �

lanHkZ%

1- lat; ck:] n ,fDlMsaVy çkbe fefuLVj]vè;k;&9] igyk iSjkxzkiQ

2- foaLVu pfpZy] bafM;k Lihpst ,aM baVªksMD'ku (yanu]FkkWuZVu cVjoFkZ] 1931) i&31] 120] 125 vkfn

3- vEcsMdj osQ Hkk"k.k dk la{ksiu] http://www.out lookindia .com/ar t ic le /The-Grammar-Of-Anarchy/289235

4- yksdukFk feJ vkSj osQ guqearS;k dk gLrs{ksi]lh,Mh (dafLVpq,aV ,lsacyh fMcsVlV)] [kaM&11]i`&799] 617

5- http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/centre- reducing-s ta tes- to-glor i f ied-municipal-corporations-jayalali thaa/article2562391.ece, 23 vDVwcj 2011

6- jkepaæ xqgk] bafM;k vkÝVj xkaèkh] vè;k;&9]i`&185

7- http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/teesta-water-sharing-talks-put-off-mamata-banerjee-manmohan/1/150681.html

8- dEikbYM odZ vkWWiQ egkRek xkaèkh] [kaM&89]i`&312&13

9- jkekLokeh vkj vÕ;j] iatkc okVj bEczksfXy;ks]bdukWfed ,aM ikWfyfVdy ohdyh] 31 tqykbZ 2004

10- n çksc Vhe] ifCyd fjiksVZ vkWWu csfld ,tqosQ'kubu bafM;k (ubZ fnYyh] vkWWDliQksMZ ;wfuoflZVhçsl] 1999)] vè;k;&9

11- jkepaæ xqgk] bafM;k vkÝVj xkaèkh] vè;k;&9]i`&200

12- v#.k tsVyh] 8 tuojh 2015] http://www.financialexpress.com/article/economy/economics-breaks-political-ice-mamata-banerjee-arun-jaitley-talk-of-cooperation/27360/

vrhr ds Hkkjrh; vuqHko us crk;k gSfd dsaæ ds }kjk ,d dsaæhÑr ço`fÙk usges'kk la?kh; <kaps dks vkHkkghu djus dkdke fd;k gSA ,d rjg orZeku ljdkj dk;s oknk vkSj çfro¼rk n'kkZuk fd okslg;ksxkRed la?kokn dks c<+kok nsxh vkSjnwljh rjiQ ,d cgqer okyh ljdkj dkusr`Ro dj jgs orZeku çèkkuea=kh dk l'kDrO;fDrRo&jktuhfrd i;Zos{kdksa dks blds çfrfpafrr vkSj 'kadkyq dj nsrk gSA

nwljh rjiQ dsaæ vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa dksçHkkfor djus dh dksf'k'k dj jgh oS'ohdj.kdh 'kfDr;ksa dks larqfyr djus dh pqukSrh Hkh[kklh cM+h gSA blfy, dsaæ vkSj jkT; nksuksa ghLrjksa ij lqèkkj dh vko';drk gS rkfd oSf'odvFkZO;oLFkk ds lkFk cgq&Lrjh; laokn laHkogks ldsA lqèkkj&iwoZ ds ;qx (lu~ 1991 lsiwoZ) dk dsaæ vkSj jkT;ksa dk yacor çfrLièkkZvc jkT;ksa dh {kSfrt çfrLièkkZ esa cny xbZ gSftlesa jkT;ksa esa fuos'k vkSj lalkèku gkflydjus dh gksM+ yxh gSA ;s lalkèku vkSj fuos'kos dgha ls Hkh&Hkys gh oks varjZk"Vªh; iwath gks;k dsaæh; enn ds :i esa & gkfly djukpkgrs gSa vkSj ;g igys ls gh ekStwn {ks=kh;fo"kerk dks vkSj Hkh c<+kus dh {kerk j[krhgSA pwafd oS'ohdj.k ;k fodsaæhdj.k dh çfd;kesa ls fdlh dks Hkh iyVk ugha tk ldrk ;k

fopfyr ugha fd;k tk ldrk] rks ,sls esaljdkj dks bl rjg larqyu cukuk gS rkfdjkT; Lrjh; laLFkkvksa dks Hkh fons'kh&vkfFkZdlacaèk ds fuekZ.k vkSj mls fodflr djus dhbtktr feysA

,d O;kogkfjd la?kokn dk fl¼kar dsaævkSj jkT;ksa ds chp lÙkk ds forj.k dk gksldrk gS ysfdu la?kokn dh Hkkouk vkSjmldk lkj] orZeku esa dk;Zjr jktuhfrdO;oLFkk ds fodsaæhdj.k dh ço`fr ls lacafèkrgSA dsaæ ls jkT;ksa dks 'kfDr;ksa dk egt ,dvkHkklh LFkkukarj.k vkSj dsaæ vkSj jkT;ksa esa,d vuq'kklukRed inkuqØe okyh jktuhfrdikVhZ dh ljdkj dh ekStwnxh] la?kokn dsfl¼kar&lkj dh jkg esa ,d ckèkk gh gSAla?kokn dh <kapkxr Lohdk;Zrk dks rks ,drjg ls Lohdkj dj fy;k x;k gS ysfdu ,dla?kh; <kaps ds vèkhu vkarfjd fofoèkrk&{ks=kh;] foÙkh; vkSj ç'kklfud& ds çfrlekatL;rk dh rjiQ vxzljrk vHkh rdvèkwjh gSA t:jr bl ckr dh gS fd <kapkxrvkSj jktuhfrd nksuksa rjg ls {ks=kh; 'kfDr;ksads vufxur nokcksa vkSj jk"Vªh; jktuhfrdnyksa ds dsaæ&oknh bjknksa ds chp ,dlekatL;rkiw.kZ yphykiu n'kkZ;k tk,A Hkkjrh;la?k ds lg;ksxkRed ekWMy dks viukus dsfy, gesa vius la?kokn ds O;kogkfjd fopkjdks iqul±;ksftr djuk gksxk rkfd ekStwnk

le; dh igys ls gh opZLo'kkyh la?kh;jktuhfr yphyh gks ldsA �

lanHkZ%

v[rj ethn] DykWmM vkWWoj iQsMjfyTe&n jh;yofd±x vkWWiQ n bafM;u ikWfyVh (ubZ fnYyh] ekudifCyds'kUl] 2010)v[rj ethn (laikfnr)] iQsMjfyTe fonhu n;wfu;u&fMLVªhC;w'ku vkWiQ fjLikalfcfyVht bu n bafM;uflLVe (ubZ fnYyh] ekud ifCyds'kUl çk- fy-] 2004)vt; ds esgjk vkSj xVZ MCY;w Dosd (laikfnr)]n bafM;u ikfyZ;kesaV&, deisjsfVo ilZisfDVo (fnYyh]dksukdZ ifCy'klZ çk- fya-] 2003)vlhek egktu] n psaftax ikWfyfVdy bdukWeh vkWWiQiQsMjfytEe bu bafM;k , fgLVksfjdy bafLVV~;w'kufyLVvçksp] bafM;k fjO;w] o"kZ&3] vad&1] tuojh 2004]i`- 25&63ch Mh nqvk vkSj ,e ih flag (la- 2003)] bafM;uiQsMjfyTe bu n U;w feysfu;e (ubZ fnYyh] euksgj)cychj vjksM+k vkSj Mxyl oh- oses (laikfnr)]eYVhiqy vkMsafVVht bu , flaxy LVsV bafM;uiQsMjsfyTe bu dEisjsfVo ilZisfDVo (ubZ fnYyh]dksukdZ ifCyllZ] 1995)tkWu fduflM (laikfnr)] iQsMjfyTe (yanu] lstifCyds'kUl fy-] 2011)] [kaM&2,e xksfoan jko vkSj fufoZdkj flag] n ikWfyfVdybdukWeh vkWWiQ iQsMjfyTe bu bafM;k (ubZ fnYyh]vkWWDliQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh çsl] 2005),e ih flag] js[kk lDlsuk (2013)] iQsMjykbftaxbafM;k bu n ,t vkWWiQ Xykscykbts'ku (fnYyh] çkbel),l ih v;~;j vkSj m"kk esgrk (laikfnr)] ,lstvkWWu bafM;u iQsMjfyTe (cacbZ] vykbM ifCy'klZ çk-fy- 1965)

(i`"B 47 dk 'ks"kka'k)


cgl

jk T; dh mRifÙk ,oa mlosQlapkyu dh çfØ;kvksa dksysdj bfrgkl esa dbZ ç;ksx

,oa ?kVukØe fey ldrs gSaA mu reke ç;ksxksa,oa fodkl dh xfr'khyrk us vkt jkT; dksyksdra=k dh 'kkldh; O;oLFkk osQ eqgkus ijigqapk fn;k gSA jkT; dks yksdrkaf=kd gksus dhço`fÙk vFkok yksdra=k dh voèkkj.kk] mlosQfodkl osQ Øe esa vftZr gqbZ gS] u fd mlsfojklr esa feyh gSA vkt tc ge yksdrkaf=kdjkT; osQ ukxfjd gSa ,oa yksdra=k dks fo'oosQ jkT;&O;oLFkk dh vfuok;Z t:jr osQ:i esa ns[kus dh fLFkfr esa vk pqosQ gSa] rkscgl bl fo"k; ij Hkh gksuh gS fd jkT; dkvkn'kZ Lo:i D;k gks ,oa O;oLFkk&ra=k dkcqfu;knh <kapk oSQlk gks\

jkT; osQ yksdrkaf=kd çk:i esa 'kkluO;oLFkk dks ewyr;k nks çdkj ls ns[kk x;kgS] ,dkRed 'kklu O;oLFkk ,oa la?kkRed'kklu O;oLFkkA bu nksuksa dks ifjHkkf"kr djrsgq, Mk;lh fy[krs gSa ^,d osQUæh; 'kfDr}kjk lokZsPp 'kfDr dk ç;ksx fd;k tkuk gh,dkRed 'kklu gS tcfd la?kkRed jkT;],d ,sls jktuhfrd mik; osQ vfrfjDr oqQNHkh ugha gS ftldk mís'; jk"Vªh; ,drk rFkkjkT; osQ vfèkdkjksa esa esy LFkkfir djuk gSA*Mk;lh osQ vfrfjDr MkW- xkuZj vkfn rekejktuhfr foKku osQ tkudkjksa us Hkh la?kkRed,oa ,dkRed 'kklu O;oLFkk dks dekscs'kblh etewu esa Li"V fd;k gSA vc vxjMk;lh osQ dFku dks gh ekud ekudj Hkkjrh;yksdra=k esa la?kh; <kaps osQ vfLrRo ,oaHkkjr dh O;ogkfjd jktuhfr osQ lekukarj

'kklu O;oLFkk osQ fodkl dk fo'ys"k.k djsarks dbZ ,sls i{k lkeus vk,axs] tks la?kh; <kapsosQ ewy ekunaMksa ls vyx la?kh; O;oLFkk dk,d u;k ekud LFkkfir djsaxsA Hkkjr osQlanHkZ esa de ls de bl rF; ij rks fo}kuksaosQ chp lkekU; ,dk dh fLFkfr gS fd Hkkjru rks iw.kZ ,dkRed jkT; gS vkSj u gh iw.kZla?kkRed jkT; gSA bl lanHkZ esa jktuhfrfonMh-Mh- clq dk dFku gS ^Hkkjr dk lafoèkkuu rks iw.kZ :i ls ,dkRed gS vkSj u gh iw.kZ:i ls la?kkRed gS] oju ;s nksuksa dk feJ.kgSA* Hkkjr osQ lafoèkku osQ vuqPNsn&1 esala?k&jkT; dh ctk; bls jkT;ksa dk la?k dgkx;k gSA pwafd tc Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dk fuekZ.kfd;k tk jgk Fkk] ml le; lafoèkku fuekZrkvksaosQ le{k ,d Hkkjr 'kklu vfèkfu;e 1935dk ekWMy ekStwn FkkA lafoèkku fuekZrk ,d,sls 'kkldh; <kaps dks Hkkjr esa ykxw djukpkgrs Fks tks Hkkjr dh HkkSxksfyd] jktuhfrd,oa lkaLÑfrd ekaxksa dh iwfrZ losQA

Hkkjr dk lafoèkku fy[kk la?kh; <kaps osQvuq:i x;k gS] exj blosQ ewy esa ,dkRedrkHkh Li"Vr;k ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA O;oLFkk osQbu nks çdkjksa esa ls fdlh ,d çdkj osQ çfrtM+ u gksdj Hkkjr dk lafoèkku ;gka dhjktuhfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksa ,oa 'kkldh; t:jrksaosQ vuq:i ifjorZu'khy ,oa xfreku jgk gSAHkkjr osQ 'kklu ç.kkyh esa la?kh; çk:i ,oa,dkRedrk osQ chp jktuhfr ,d ,slh dM+hosQ rkSj ij jgh] ftlus le;≤ ij blifjorZu'khyrk dks xfr nsus dk dke fd;kgSA Hkkjrh; lafoèkku osQ vuqlkj O;oLFkkfidk,oa dk;Zikfydk dh O;oLFkk dk tks <kapk

la?kh; <kapk o ,dkRedrk dk }a}

f'kokuUn f}osnh

ys[kd Lora=k i=kdkj gSaA jktuhfrd] lkekftd ,oa fodkl ls tqM+s eqn~nksa ij lr~r ys[kuA ns'k ds ntZuksa jk"Vªh; lekpkj&i=kksa ds fy, ys[kuA jktuhfrd 'kkL=k fo"k;esa LUukrdksÙkj dh i<+kbZA bZesy% [email protected]

gesa bl ckr dks ugha Hkwyukpkfg, fd Hkkjr osQ Hkw{ks=k esa

fLFkr ;s jkT; la?k osQ jkT; ughgSa cfYd Hkkjr gh jkT;ksa dk la?kgSA fygktk ;gka gj gky jkT;ksadk foHkktu ,d jktuhfrd ekaxdh iwfrZ osQ iQyLo:i gh gqvk gSvkSj gksrk jgk gSA jktuhfr osQ

cnyrs nkSj us Hkkjr osQ 'kkldh;O;oLFkk ls tqM+s <kaps dks viusfglkc ls gh cnyus dk dkefd;k gSA fygktk jktuhfr osQ

ifjçs{; esa bl ckr dk ewY;kadudjuk Hkh vfuok;Z gksxk fd

vkf[kj osaQæ ,oa jkT; osQ lEcUèkksadh orZeku ifjfLFkfr osQ fy,

çFke vke pqukoksa ls vcrd dhdkSu&dkSu lh jktuhfrdifjfLFkfr;ka mÙkjnk;h gSa


[kM+k fd;k x;k gS] oks iw.kZr;k la?kh; ekunaMksadks iq"V djrk gSA osaQæ ,oa jkT; osQ chposQoy foèkk;h ,oa dk;Zikfydk dh 'kfDr;ksadk caVokjk gS] U;kf;d 'kfDr;ka bl nk;js lsijs gSaA osaQæ dh lalnh; ç.kkyh oQh rtZ ijgh jkT;ks a dh viuh O;oLFkkfidk gS]dk;Zikfydk gSA pwafd O;oLFkk dk tks Lo:iHkkjrh; ra=k esa fodflr gqvk mles jkT; ,oaosaQæ osQ chp Vdjko dh fLFkfr u gks blfy,nkf;Roksa ,oa vfèkdkjksa dks rhu lwfp;ksa esafpfÉr djus dk ç;kl fd;k x;k gSA osaQælwph] jkT; lwph ,oa leorhZ lwphA bu rhulwfp;ksa dh O;k[;k esa bl ckr dk Hkjldç;kl fd;k x;k gS fd foèkk;h O;oLFkklEcUèkh fdlh Hkh elys ij osaQæ ,oa jkT; esaVdjko dh fLFkfr u mRiUu gksus ik,A pwafdHkkjrh; jktuhfr dk Lo:i tSlk gS mlesabl ckr dh laHkkouk vfèkd gS fd jktuhfrdfgrksa dk Vdjko O;oLFkk ,oa osaQæ&jkT;lacaèkksa dks çHkkfor dj ldrk gSA elyu;gka ftØ djuk equkflc gksxk fd lafoèkkujkT; lwph esa osQoy mUgha elyksa dks rjthgnh x;h gS] tks LFkkuh; egÙo osQ gksaA tcfdla?k lwph osaQæ dks vfèkdre 'kfDr çkIr gSAO;ogkfjd rkSj ij vxj ns[kk tk; rks leorhZlwph ij vafre vfèkdkj osaQæ dk gh gSAblosQ vfrfjDr lafoèkku osQ vuqPNsn 256]257 ,oa 257(2) osQ rgr osaQæ dks bruh'kfDr çkIr gS fd oks jkT;ksa ij viuk fu;U=k.kdk;e dj ldrk gSA jkT;ksa osQ la?k Hkkjr esaosaQæ ,oa jkT; osQ lEcUèkksa osQ njE;ku eq[;r;koqQN ,sls fcanq gSa ftu ij osaQæ ,oa jkT;ksa osQVdjko ,oa varr% osaQæ dh eqgj dh ijEijkfodflr gqbZ gSA

la?k] jkT; ,oa jktuhfr

jktuhfrd ekunaMksa ij vxj Hkkjr dh'kkldh; O;oLFkk dk ewY;kadu djsa rks gesappkZ çFke pqukoh jktuhfr ls ysdj gkfy;kosQ 2014 esa gq, vke pqukoksa rd dh djuhgksxhA çFke vke pquko ;kuh 1952 ls ysdj2014 rd Hkkjrh; la?kh; O;oLFkk ,oa ,dkRedO;kogkfjdrk osQ chp dHkh lkeatL; rks dHkhVdjko ns[kus dks feyk gSA bUgha ?kVukØeksa osQlekukarj bdkbZ;ksa ,oa muosQ la?k ;kuh Hkkjrdh 'kkldh; O;oLFkk cnyrh jgh gSA njvlyjkT; dh jktuhfr osQ cqfu;knh pfj=k ij ogkadh O;oLFkk dk lapkyu dkiQh gn rd fuHkZj

djrk gSA mnkgj.k lUnHkZ osQ rkSj ij vxj ns[ksarks tc 1952 esa Hkkjr vius çFke vke pqukols :c: gqvk ml le; bl ns'k dh {ks=kh;rkdh jktuhfr 'kq: gqbZ ,oa u pkgrs gq, HkhrRdkyhu çèkkuea=kh tokgj yky usg: dksjkT; iquxZBu vk;ksx cukuk iM+kA çFke iquxZBuvk;ksx dh fjiksVZ ij lu 1956 esa Lora=k ,oayksdrkfU=kd Hkkjr esa igyh ckj jkT;ksa osQvfLrRo ,oa vfLerk osQ uke ij xBu dhijEijk iM+hA bl vk;ksx dh fjiksVZ osQ vkèkkjij 14 jkT; ,oa 6 osaQæ'kkflr çns'kksa dk xBugqvkA osaQæ jkT; osQ Vdjko ,oa O;oLFkk esajkT;ksa osQ vfLrRo dh etcwrh dk ;g igykiM+ko Fkk tc jkT; osaQæ ls vius otwn ,oavfLrRo dh ckr dj jgs FksA ;g cnykocs'kd jktuhfrd Fkk ysfdu blosQ lekukarjO;oLFkkxr ifjorZu gksuk LokHkkfod FkkA ,dxSj&t:jh gh lgh exj ,dkRedrk dh dYiukesa ;g ckr dgh tk ldrh gS fd vxj jkT;ksa

dh cnyrh jktuhfr ,oa cgqnyh; yksdra=kosQ fodkl us la?kh; laln osQ jkT;ksa dhLora=krk dks etcwrh nh rks bl ckr dhxqatkb'k Hkh curh gS fd cgqnyh; O;oLFkk esajktuhfrd fgrksa osQ Vdjko ls O;oLFkk ,oara=k dk Vdjko mRiUu gks tkrk fygktkfoèkk;h 'kfDr;ksa dk caVokjk lwphc¼ djosQdjus dk ç;kl fd;k x;kA jktuhfrd fgrksaosQ Vdjko dks la?kh; <kaps esa larqfyr djus,oa jkT;ksa osQ la?k dks cgqnyh; ç.kkyh osQckotwn leqfpr <ax ls lapkfyr djus osQfygkt ls jkT;ksa dk vfèkdkj {ks=k lwphc¼fu;kedksa ls r; dj nsuk ,d csgrjhu midj.klkfcr gqvk gSA gkykafd laoSèkkfud rkSj ijla?kjkT; u gksus dh otg ls Hkkjr esa osQUæh;lÙkk ;kuh la?k lwph dks jkT; osQ lEcUèk esafo'ks"k vfèkdkj çkIr gSaA jktuhfrd dkj.kksaus Hkys gh dkykarj esa Hkkjr dh 'kkldh;O;oLFkk dks la?kh; <kaps osQ vuq:i O;ofLFkrfd;k gks ysfdu laoSèkkfud rkSj ij bl jkT;dh vkRek ,dkRedrk esa gh clrh gSA pwafdijEijkxr :i ls cgqnyh; yksdra=k esa NksVsjktuhfrd nyksa dh {ks=kh; egRokdk{kk,a Hkhgksrh gSa] fygktk oks {ks=kksa ls tqM+s eqíksa ijviuh ckr j[krs gSaA ifj.kker% dbZ ckj ,slkgksrk gS fd jk"Vªh; eqíksa ij jktuhfr djusokys nyksa ls Vdjko dh fLFkfr mRiUu gkstkrh gSA

gky gh osaQæ ,oa jkT; osQ chp Vdjkodk ,d cM+k eqík rsyaxkuk&lhekUèkz caVokjsdk vk;k gSA njvly jkT;ksa osQ caVokjs dksysdj vafre fu.kZ; osaQæ dk gh gksrk gSA bllanHkZ esa 28 vxLr 1957 esa ekuuh; lokZsPpU;k;ky; us ,d fu.kZ; esa Li"V fd;k Fkkfd jkT;ksa osQ i`FkDdj.k dh fLFkfr esa jkT;ksadh fLFkfr egt ijke'kZ nsus rd gh lhfergS] vafre fu.kZ; osaQæ dh laln dks gSA gka]bl lanHkZ esa ,d ckr t:j gS fd vxj jkT;dh foèkkulHkk esa i`FkDdj.k osQ f[kykiQ,der gks rks lalan fu.kZ; ugha ys ldrhysfdu vxj jkT; osQ foHkktu ij foèkkulHkknks iQkM+ gks] rks ,sls esa osQUæh; laln lsfoHkktu dks eatwjh nh tk ldrh gSA rsyaxkukelys esa Hkh ;gh gqvkA gkykafd cgqnyh;yksdra=k osQ cnyrs ifjos'k esa vxj jkT;ksa osQgkFkksa jkT;&foHkktu dh vafre 'kfDr ns nhx;h rks jktuhfrd egRokdka{kkvksa dh iwfrZosQ fy, reke xSj&t:jh jkT;ksa dk caVokjk

çFke vke pquko ;kuh 1952 lsysdj 2014 rd Hkkjrh; la?kh; O;oLFkk,oa ,dkRed O;kogkfjdrk osQ chpdHkh lkeatL; rks dHkh Vdjko ns[kusdks feyk gSA bUgha ?kVukØeksa osQlekukarj bdkbZ;ksa ,oa muosQ la?k ;kuhHkkjr dh 'kkldh; O;oLFkk cnyrhjgh gSA

osQ fodkl ,oa xBu dh jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfrrc iSnk ugh gqbZ gksrh rks 'kk;n Hkkjr esa,dkRedrk dh 'kfDr dk çHkko T;knk gqvkgksrkA vr% Hkkjr esa la?kh; <kapk bl fygkt lsHkh nqfu;k osQ reke la?kh; <kapksa ls vyx gSD;ksafd Hkkjr esa la?k dk fuekZ.k u rks jkT;ksa osQlefiZr foy; ls gqvk gS vkSj u gh ;gka jkT;ksals dksbZ lafèk le>kSrk gh gSA

,d ,dkdh jkT; osQ rkSj ij Hkkjr esale; vkSj jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ ifj.kke&Lo:i jkT; vfLrRo esa vkrs x, gSaA osaQæ dh'kfDr ,oa O;oLFkk osQ lekukarj Hkkjr dhfodkl'khy jktuhfr us [kqn jkT;ksa osQ fuekZ.kdk volj miyCèk djk;k gS vkSj jkT; cursx, gSaA çFke jkT; fuekZ.k osQ nkSj vFkkZr1956 osQ ckn 1960] 1966] 1972 ls 2013rd jkT;ksa osQ xBu dk ,d cM+k bfrgkl gSAvkt 2014 esa jkT;ksa osQ la?k Hkkjr osQ ikloqQy 29 jkT; ,oa 8 osaQæ 'kkflr çns'k gSaAcgjgky tc ;s Li"V gks pqdk gS fd ns'k


gksus yxsxkA gesa bl ckr dks ugha Hkwyukpkfg, fd Hkkjr osQ Hkw{ks=k esa fLFkr ;s jkT;la?k osQ jkT; ugh gSa cfYd Hkkjr gh jkT;ksadk la?k gSA fygktk ;gka gj gky esa jkT;ksadk foHkktu ,d jktuhfrd ekax dh iwfrZ osQiQyLo:i gh gqvk gS vkSj gksrk jgk gSAjktuhfr osQ cnyrs nkSj us Hkkjr osQ 'kkldh;O;oLFkk ls tqM+s <kaps dks vius fglkc ls ghcnyus dk dke fd;k gSA fygktk jktuhfrosQ ifjçs{; esa bl ckr dk ewY;kadu djukHkh vfuok;Z gksxk fd vkf[kj osaQæ ,oa jkT;osQ lEcUèkksa dh orZeku ifjfLFkfr osQ fy,çFke vke pqukoksa ls vcrd dh dkSu&dkSulh jktuhfrd ifjfLFkfr;ka mÙkjnk;h gSaA

la?kh; <kaps esa cgqnyh; iz.kkyh

ns'k esa tc igyk vke pquko gks jgk Fkkrc ns'k esa jktuhfr osQ cgqvk;keh fodYiugha Fks ,oa laln dk ,d cM+k fgLlk osQUæh;lÙkk osQ jktuhfrd [kses dk çfrufèkRo djjgk Fkk ysfdu èkhjs&èkhjs LFkkuh;rk dh jktuhfrus osaQæ dh jktuhfr dks çHkkfor djuk 'kq:fd;k ,oa vkikrdky osQ ckn {ks=kh; nyksa osQmHkkj osQ lkFk&lkFk osQUæh; jktuhfr esa fodYidh laHkkouk,a tkxr gksus yxhaA vkikrdky osQckn {ks=kh; nyksa osQ mHkkj ,oa osaQæ esa lekukarjfodYi dh laHkkouk dk nkSj vk;k ,oa nf{k.kHkkjr dh rtZ ij ;wih] fcgkj tSls jkT;ksa esa Hkh{ks=kh; nyksa dh Hkwfedk l'kDr gksrh xbZA{ks=kh; nyksa dh l'kDr gksrh Hkwfedk ,oa osQUæh;lÙkk dks jkT;ksa ls feyus okys jktuhfrdlg;ksx dh 'krks± us dgha u dgha osaQæ ij jkT;ksaosQ O;ogkfjd ncko dh xqatkb'k fn[khA gkykafdjkT;ksa dk jktuhfrd l'kDrhdj.k 90 osQ n'kdesa oqQN bl rjg mHkjdj vk;k fd vc osaQædh ln~Hkkouk ij vkfJr jkT;ksa dk ijEijkxrpfj=k gh cny x;kA mnkgj.k osQ rkSj ij1998 esa xfBr jk"Vªh; turkaf=kd xBcaèkuljdkj osQ lkFk&lkFk 2014 rd osQUæh; lÙkkesa jgh la;qDr çxfr'khy xBcaèku ljdkj dksns[kk tk ldrk gSA jktuhfr osQ bl dky[kaMesa osaQæ ,oa jkT;ksa osQ chp dh ;s jktuhfrdle>kSrs dh ifjf.kfr gh Fkh fd fdlh ufdlh :i esa lS¼kafrd i{kksa ls brj jkT;ksa dhljdkjksa us osaQæ dh ljdkjksa osQ dk;ks± esaO;kid gLr{ksi fd;kA ;s vygnk ckr gS fd2014 esa gq, vke pqukoksa osQ ckn jktuhfrdnckoksa ,oa ijLij vko';drkvksa dh otg ls

LFkkfir gksrs jgs osaQæ ,oa jkT; lEcUèkksa esaO;kid ifjorZu gqvk gSA orZeku esa osaQæ esaiw.kZcgqer dh ljdkj gS fygktk jkT;ksa dkosQUæh; jktuhfr esa gLr{ksi foxr 15 o"kks± dhvis{kk csgn de gh gks ik;sxk ,oa ,dkRedrkdh voèkkj.kk dks iqu% cy feysxkA ns'k dhorZeku laln dk vkdkj vkxkeh ikap lkyrd de ls de oqQN bl <ax dk jgus okykgS] laln dh rkdr l'kDr jgsxhA bl fygktls Hkh vxj ns[kk tk; rks gky gh esa gq, bljktuhfrd ifjorZu us foxr yxHkx Ms<+ n'kdls pyrh vk jgh jktuhfrd ijEijk dks fojkefn;k gSA

pwafd la?kjkT; u gksus dh otg ls ;glEHko gh ugha Fkk fd Hkkjr osQ Hkw{ks=k ,oajkT;&{ks=k esa vkus okys jkT;ksa dks la?kh; O;oLFkkosQ vuq:i O;kid 'kfDr;ka nh tk losaQA dbZ,sls ekeys vk;s gSa tc osaQæ&jkT; osQ chp'kfDr;ksa dk Vdjko gqvk gSA elyu laçx&2

vkt t:jr gS fd lafoèkku osQ foLrkj,oa jkT; dh vko';drkvksa dks ns•rs gq,iqu% lafoèkku ij utj cukus osQ fy, dksbZlaLFkk cukbZ tk;A pwafd 1983&88 esa cukljdkfj;k vk;ksx bl dke osQ fy, cukbZx;h vafre laLFkk FkhA

la?kjkT; cuke jkT;ksa dk la?k

Hkkjr osQ lafoèkku osQ vuqPNsn&1 esa Hkkjrdks jkT;ksa dk la?k dgk x;k gSA ;s ,d vkeHkzefLFkfr gS fd Hkkjr la?kjkT; gS ;k ,dkRedjkT; gS ysfdu jkT;ksa dk la?k dgs tkus osQihNs ewy dkj.k ;s gS fd ;gka osQ jkT; la?kosQ :i Hkkjr osQ lafoèkku dks viuk leiZ.kugha fd, gq, gSa cfYd lafoèkku gh Hkkjr dksbu 29 jkT;ksa dk la?k cukrk gSA gkykafdvktknh osQ yxHkx 14 lky ckn xksok dkHkkjr esa foy; gqvkA xksok osQ foy; osQ ckn;g jkT; Hkh jkT;ksa osQ la?k dh lwph esa ,djkT; osQ rkSj ij LFkkfir gqvkA la?kjkT; osQrkSj ij ,d vkn'kZ mnkgj.k vxj fn;k tk;rks la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ls csgrj dksbZ ukeugha gksxkA vesfjdk iw.kZ :i ls la?kjkT; gSAfo'kky HkwHkkx ij nwj&lqnwj iSQys vyx&vyxjkT;ksa us ,d le>kSrs osQ rgr viuk leiZ.kla;qDr jkT; vesfjdk osQ la?kh; <kaps okyslafoèkku dks fn;k tgka lafoèkku }kjk mujkT;ksa osQ ukxfjdksa dks nksgjh ukxfjdrk ,oa•qn dks la?kjkT; ls vyx gksus dk O;kidvfèkdkj çnku fd;k x;kA

ftu 49 jkT;ksa ,oa ,d ftys osQ laoSèkkfudle>kSrs dh ifjf.kfr ls la;qDr jkT; vesfjdkuked ns'k curk gS] mu lHkh jkT;ksa dks la?kh;<kaps osQ vuqlkj tqM+us ,oa iFkd gksus dkvfèkdkj çkIr gSA tcfd jkT;ksa osQ la?k Hkkjr esajkT;ksa osQ lkFk la?k dk dksbZ ,slk le>kSrk ughgSA la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa tks O;oLFkk gSla?kokn dh voèkkj.kk dk vkn'kZ Lo:i gSAla?kokn ij fVIi.kh djrs gq, çks- Jhçdk'k ef.kf=kikBh dgrs gSa ^yksdfgr osQ fy, laoSèkkfudO;oLFkk osQ varxZr 'kklu }kjk dY;k.kdkjhdk;Z fd;k tkuk fujarj vHkh"V gSA bl dM+h esalkef;d leL;kvksa osQ lekèkku ,oa tufgrlEcUèkh O;kid vis{kkvksa dh iwfrZ gsrq la?kh;<kaps dh vfr'k; mikns;rk gSA la?kh; O;oLFkk,d ldkjkRed ,oa fodklkRed voèkkj.kk gStks fdlh fuf'pr le; dh mit ugh gSvfirq Øfed fodkl dk çfriQy gSA �

osQ nkSjku ,ulhVhlh osQ elys ij dbZ jkT;ksa usla?kh; <kaps dk gokyk nsrs gq, bldk fojksèkfd;k Fkk tcfd osaQæ dh ljdkj us vkradokndks jk"Vªh; lqj{kk dk elyk crkrs gq, bls osaQælwph dk fo"k; ekuk FkkA bl çdkj osQ dbZelys vkrs jgs gSa ftlls osaQæ ,oa jkT; dhljdkjksa osQ chp la?kh; <kaps osQ uke ijVdjko dh fLFkfr mRiUu gksrh jgh gSA gkykafdosaQæ jkT; lEcUèkksa ij fVIi.kh djrs gq, çks-Jhçdk'k ef.k f=kikBh dgrs gSa ^la?k ,oabdkb;ksa osQ chp 'kfDr;ksa dk iw.kZ foHkktu,oa LorU=k ,oa fujis{k vfLrRo u rks lEHkogS vkSj u gh okaNuh; gSA osaQæ dh lÙkk dklqn<+ gksuk jkT; dh lÙkk osQ {kj.k dk n~;ksrdugh gS] vfirq jk"Vªªfgr esa la?k ,oa jkT; nksuksadks lkFk feydj pyus osQ fy, ,d vkèkkjgSA osaQæ ,oa jkT;ksa osQ chp 'kfDr lEcUèkksa osQvkèkkj ij la?kh; <kaps dh xfr'khyrk fuèkZkfjrgksrh gSA*

jkT;ksa dk jktuhfrd l'kDrhdj.k90 osQ n'kd esa oqQN bl rjg mHkjdjvk;k fd vc osaQæ dh ln~Hkkouk ijvkfJr jkT;ksa dk ijEijkxr pfj=k ghcny x;kA mnkgj.k osQ rkSj ij 1998esa xfBr jk"Vªh; turkaf=kd xBcaèkuljdkj osQ lkFk&lkFk 2014 rd osQUæh;lÙkk esa jgh la;qDr çxfr'khy xBcaèkuljdkj dks ns[kk tk ldrk gSA


YH - 307/2014


"kZ 1946 osQ vDVwcj eghus rdr; gks pqdk Fkk fd Hkkjr dksvktknh ns nh tk,xhA tc 24

ekpZ 1947 dks ykMZ ekmaVcsVu dks lÙkkgLrkarj.k osQ fy, u;k ok;ljk; cukdjHkkjr Hkstk x;k rks mUgksaus vktknh dh rkjh[k15 vxLr 1947 r; dhA bl eqYd dkcaVokjk Hkh fuf'pr gks x;k FkkA cuus okysnks u, jk"Vª Fks Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrkuA ekmaVcsVuosQ Hkkjr vkrs gh lÙkk gLrkarj.k] lhek fuèkkZj.kvkSj laifÙk;ksa osQ caVokjs osQ dke esa vpkudrsth vk xbZA ns'k osQ foHkktu ij eqfLyeyhx vkSj Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl us 14 ebZdks vafre rkSj ij LohÑfr ns nhA

laoSèkkfud fLFkfr

17 twu 1947 dks Hkkjrh; Lokèkhurkvfèkfu;e] 1947 fczfV'k laln }kjk ikfjrfd;k x;kA bls 18 tqykbZ dks 'kkgh LohÑfrfeyh ftlosQ vuqlkj 15 vxLr 1947 dksHkkjr dks Lora=krk çkIr gqbZ rFkk mlosQ ,dHkkx dks dkV dj uoxfBr jk"Vª ikfdLrkudk mn; gqvkA

ikfdLrku osQ vèkhu iwohZ caxky] if'pehiatkc] mÙkj&if'pe lhek çkar ,oa flaèk dkHkkx vk;kA fczfV'k lkezkT; osQ vèkhu jgk'ks"k Hkw&Hkkx Hkkjr osQ lkFk jgkA bl vfèkfu;els fczfV'k Hkkjr dh fj;klrsa vaxzsth jkt dhijeksPprk ls rks eqDr gks xbZa] ijUrq mUgsa jk"Vªdk ntkZ ugha feykA mUgsa ;g lq>ko fn;kx;k fd Hkkjr ;k ikfdLrku esa tqM+us esa ghmudk fgr gSA bl vfèkfu;e osQ ykxw gksrsgh fj;klrksa dh lqj{kk dh vaxzstksa dh ftEesnkjhHkh Lo;eso lekIr gks xbZA ftl le; fczfV'kHkkjr NksM+ jgs Fks] ml le; ;gka osQ 562

o

bfrgkl

jtokM+ksa esa fliQZ rhu dks NksMdj lHkh usHkkjr esa foy; dk iQSlyk fd;kA ;s rhujtokM+s Fks d'ehj] twukx<+ vkSj gSnjkcknA

Hkkjr esa fj;klrksa dk foy;

ekmaVcsVu us ns'kh jkT;ksa dks lykg nhFkh fd HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr osQ vuqowQy oksHkkjr ;k ikfdLrku mifuos'kksa osQ lkFk feytk,aA lkFk gh mUgsa pssrkouh nh xbZ fd 15vxLr osQ ckn mUgsa fczVsu ls dksbZ çJ; ughafeysxkA jktkvksa us ;s lykg eku yh Fkhysfdu oqQN jktk blosQ f[kykiQ FksA bldhvxqokbZ Hkksiky osQ uokc dj jgs FksA twukx<+vkSj gSnjkckn osQ 'kkldksa osQ lkFk feydjog fj;klrksa dks mdlkus dh vxqokbZ dj jgsFksA eksgEen vyh ftUuk Hkh bu jktkvksa dksHkM+dk jgs FksA mUgksaus jktkvksa ls oknk fd;kFkk fd oks djkph dks eqDr canjxkg osQ rkSjij bLrseky dj ldrs gSaA Hkksiky ls djkphrd dh jkT; ekyk esa ,d gh vM+pu Fkh]mn;iqjA mn;iqj osQ egkjktk us bl vfHk;kuesa fgLlk ysus ls badkj dj fn;kA mUgksausdgk fd vxj gekjs iqj[ks eqxyksa dk lkFknsrs rks vkt gekjk jkT; t;iqj vkSj tksèkiqjls dgha T;knk cM+k gksrkA

gkykafd ns'k esa ,slh fj;klrksa dh dksbZdeh ugha Fkh] tks viuk Lora=k vfLrRocuk;s j[kuk pkgrh FkhaA mudh ;g bPNk mlle; vkSj cyorh gks x;h tc vaxzstksa usHkkjrh; fj;klrksa dks foy; osQ fy, Lofoosddk vfèkdkj ns fn;kA muosQ lkeus ;s fodYiHkh Fkk fd og vxj pkgsa rks vius Lora=kvfLrRo dks cpk;s Hkh j[k ldrh gSaA cgqrls jktkvksa us Lora=krk feyrs gh vius dksLora=k ?kksf"kr djus osQ lius ikyus vkjaHk

fj;klrksa ls Hkkjr la?k cuus dh dgkuh

lat; JhokLro

ns'k esa ,slh fj;klrksa dh dksbZ deh

ugha Fkh] tks viuk Lora=k vfLrRo

cuk;s j[kuk pkgrh FkhaA mudh ;g

bPNk ml le; vkSj cyorh gks

x;h tc vaxzstksa us Hkkjrh; fj;klrksa

dks foy; osQ fy, Lofoosd dk

vfèkdkj ns fn;kA muosQ lkeus ;s

fodYi Hkh Fkk fd og vxj pkgsa

rks vius Lora=k vfLrRo dks cpk;s

Hkh j[k ldrh gSaA cgqr ls jktkvksa

us Lora=krk feyrs gh vius dks

Lora=k ?kksf"kr djus osQ lius ikyus

vkjaHk dj fn;sA jkeiqj vkSj

ikyuiqj osQ uokc ,sls 'kkld Fks

ftUgksaus fcuk nsjh fd;s vkSj fcuk

fdlh ladksp osQ Hkkjrh; la?k esa

feyus dh ?kks"k.kk dj nh

foy;tEe

w&d'eh

j

twukx<+

gSnjkckn

Hkksiky

enzkl

eSlwj

bankSj

=kko.kd

ksj

ys[kd ofj"B i=kdkj gSaA yxHkx <kbZ n'kd ls cgqfoèk fo"k;ksa ij ys[ku dj jgs gSaA izdkf'kr iqLrdsa% 1857 ls ysdj 1947 os 90 lky] efyZu eqyjks&LoIu ijh]fØdsV ds pfpZr fookn vkfnA laizfr ,d jk"Vªh; nSfud ls tqM+s gSaA bZesy% [email protected]


dj fn;sA jkeiqj vkSj ikyuiqj osQ uokc ,sls'kkld Fks ftUgksaus fcuk nsjh fd;s vkSj fcukfdlh ladksp osQ Hkkjrh; la?k esa feyus dh?kks"k.kk dj nh tcfd eaxjksy osQ 'kkld usoqQN fgpfdpkgV osQ lkFk viuk vfLrRoHkkjrh; la?k osQ lkFk foyhu dj fn;kA

bl chp Hkksiky] twukx<+] bankSj vkSjgSnjkckn dh fj;klrksa ls ekax mB jgh Fkh fd15 vxLr dks mUgsa Hkkjr esa foy; ls vyxj[kk tk,A mUgsa viuk iQSlyk [kqn djus fn;ktk,A Hkksiky osQ uokc us vius lykgdkjdks yanu HkstkA lkFk esa bl ckjs esa ekmaVcsVuvkSj ftUuk dks Hkh [kr fy[kkA ogha =kko.kdksjus Hkh Hkkjr esa foy; ugha gksdj Lora=kvfLrRo j[kus dh ?kks"k.kk dhA gSnjkckn usHkkjr esa foy; ls badkj dj fn;kA mlusÚkal osQ jktuf;d lacaèkksa osQ fy, pksjhpqiosQ igy dh dksf'k'k dhA uxkySaM us Hkh[kqn dks Lora=k jkT; ?kksf"kr djus dh bPNktkfgj dhA vc lkjs ekeys esa ljnkj iVsy uslfØ;rk fn[kkuh 'kq: dhA mUgksaus cM+h liQyrkçkIr dhA iVsy us Hkkjrh; ujs'kksa ls lkoèkkuhls okrkZyki fd;kA iwjk è;ku j[kk fd fdlhHkh jktk osQ lEeku dks pksV u yxs vkSj ogHkkjr esa foy; dh ckr eku ysA

Hkksiky dk foy;

15 vxLr 1947 dks Lora=krk feyus osQmijkar Hkksiky osQ uokc us vius pSEcj vkWiQfçalsl dks vfèkÑr dj dk;Zjr ?kksf"kr djfn;kA Hkksiky osQ uokc 25 tqykbZ 1947 dhml cSBd esa Hkh ugh x, Fks] ftls ekmaV csVuus fnYyh esa vkgwr fd;k Fkk ysfdu blosQ cknekmaV csVu us Hkksiky osQ uokc dks le>k;kvkSj fLFkfr;ka ,slh cuha fd mUgsa Hkkjr esafoy; çLrko ij gLrk{kj osQ fy, lgergksuk iM+kA oqQN fgpfdpkgV osQ lkFk mUgksauseku fy;kA ogha =kko.kdksj esa turk Hkkjr osQlkFk foy; osQ i{k esa Fkh] blosQ pyrs ogkagkykr brus csdkcw gksus yxs fd ogka osQ jktkdks Hkh foy; ij gLrk{kj djus iM+sA

twukx<+ dh dgkuh

twukx<+ esa uokc eqgEen egkcr [kkuvkSj nhoku 'kkg uokt HkqV~Vks dh ea'kk fgUnwcgqla[;d vkcknh osQ ckotwn ikfdLrku esafoy; dh FkhA eksgEen vyh ftUuk us mUgsaikfdLrku esa foy; osQ fy, cM+s cM+s liusfn[kk, FksA ftUuk isilZ osQ vuqlkj twukx<+

osQ nhoku vkSj tqfYiQdkj vyh HkqV~Vks osQfirk 'kkg uokt us ikfdLrku osQ çèkkuea=khfy;kdr vyh [kku dks 19 vxLr dks i=kfy[kk] ge twukx<+ osQ ikfdLrku esa feyk,tkus osQ fy, vkSipkfjd LohÑfr dk bartkjdj jgs gSa vkSj eq>s [kq'kh gksxh fd vxjvki bls tYnh ls tYnh veyhtkek iguklosaQ (i`"B 548) A bl ekeys esa nsjh gksrsns[k mUgksaus pkj flracj dks ftUuk dks fiQjfnYyh esa muosQ }kjk fd, x, okns dks ;knfnykrs gq, i=k fy[kk] ikfdLrku ugha pkgsxkfd twukx<+ mlls fNVosQ vkSj osjkoy djkphls cgqr T;knk nwj ugha gSA ftUuk us tokcfn;k] dy ge dSfcusV ehfVax esa bl ckjs esafopkj foe'kZ djsaxs vkSj uhfr cuk,axsA

i k fdLrku u s vkB fl arcj dk sikfdLrku&twukx<+ le>kSrs dh ?kks"k.kk dh]ftlesa ;s dgk x;k Fkk fd twukx<+ osQ 'kkldikfdLrku esa foy; dks rS;kj gSaA usg: us

esa lSU; dkjZokbZ osQ fy, rS;kj FkkA fnYyh esaosQoy ;s eqík Fkk fd dkjZokbZ dSls dh tk,A

,poh gMlu dh fdrkc n xzsV fMokbMosQ vuqlkj xoZuj tujy ekmaVcsVu us lezkV~dks fjiksVZ nh] twukx<+ osQ ekeys ij fopkjosQ fy, 'kke dks ,d dSfcusV ehfVax bl ijfopkj djsxhA dSfcusV osQ lnL;ksa us ehfVaxls igys lwfpr fd;k fd oks bl iQSlys ijigqap pqosQ gSa fd lSU; dkjZokbZ gh ,dek=ktokc gSA ftUuk us Hkkjrh; iQkStksa dh gypydh f'kdk;r ekmaVcsVu ls dhA ekmaVcsVu usmUgsa tks tokc fn;k] mldk lkj ;gh Fkk fdikfdLrku tks Hkh dj jgk gS tks Hkkjr ljdkjosQ lkFk mlosQ le>kSrs dk mYya?ku gSAmUgksaus twukx<+ dh vkcknh osQ bl foy; ijjk;'kqekjh dh ckr dgh] ftlesa ogka dh 80iQhlnh turk Hkkjr osQ lkFk tkus dks rS;kjFkhA ikfdLrku fu#Ùkj gks x;kA 25 flracjdks twukx<+ eqDr djk fy;k x;kA

iqLrd ljnkj ysVlZ osQ vuqlkj] cacbZ esaml fnu Lora=k twukx<+ dh vLFkkbZ ljdkjxfBr dh xbZA lkeynkl xkaèkh dks çslhMsaVcuk;k x;kA bl ljdkj esa ea=kh cus osQ ,eeqa'kh us ?kks"k.kk dh fd twukx<+ dh vLFkkbZljdkj lkSjk"Vª ls dkedkt djsxh vkSj jktdksVosQ twukx<+ gkml dks blosQ fy, dCts esa ysfy;k x;kA lkSjk"Vª osQ dksus dksus ;qok yksxksLora=krk dk cSuj fy, ogka tqVus yxsA vLFkkbZljdkj us dkedkt 'kq: dj fn;kA yksxtwukx<+ dbZ bykosQ esa uokc osQ 'kklu osQf[kykiQ [kqysvke rkSj ij lkeus vk x,Agkykafd ikfdLrku ljdkj vHkh twukx<+ ijxksyeksy FkhA ohih esuu dh iqLrd baVhxzs'kuvkiQ bafM;k buLVsM osQ vuqlkj gkykr vkSjncko osQ vkxs HkqV~Vks VwVrs tk jgs FksA ikfdLrkudh vksj ls dksbZ [kkl igy gksrh ugha fn[kjgh FkhA bUgha lc ifjfLFkfr;ksa osQ chp 09uoacj dks Hkkjrh; iQkStsa twukx<+ esa ços'k djxbZaA usg: us vkSipkfjd rkSj ij bldh lwpukfy;kdr vyh [kku dks nhA 20 iQjojh 1948dks twukx<+ esa Hkkjr ljdkj us tuer laxzgdjk;kA bls vkbZlh,l viQlj lhch ukxjdjdh ns[kjs[k esa djk;k x;kA dqy 2]01] 457oksVjksa esa 1]90]870 us vius oksV MkysA ikfdLrkuosQ i{k esa osQoy 91 oksV iM+sA

gSnjkckn esa lSfud dkjZokbZ

vc vkrs gSa gSnjkckn dh fj;klr ijAvaxzstksa osQ fnuksa esa Hkh gSnjkckn dh viuh

Hkksiky] twukx<+] bankSj vkSjgSnjkckn dh fj;klrksa ls ekax mB jghFkh fd 15 vxLr dks mUgsa Hkkjr esafoy; ls vyx j[kk tk,A Hkksiky osQuokc us vius lykgdkj dks yanu HkstkAlkFk esa bl ckjs esa ekmaVcsVu vkSj ftUukdks Hkh [kr fy[kkA ogha =kko.kdksj us HkhHkkjr esa foy; ugha gksdj Lora=k vfLrRoj[kus dh ?kks"k.kk dhA

bldk fojksèk djrs gq, 12 flracj dks fy;kdrvyh [kku dks i=k fy[kk vkSj dgk fd pwafdtwukx<+ dh 80 iQhlnh vkcknh fgUnw gS vkSjbl ckjs esa jk;'kqekjh djosQ mudh jk; ughayh xbZ gS] fygktk ;s ekeyk twukx<+ osQ yksxksadh lgefr osQ cxSj dne mBk, tkus dk gSAHkkjr ljdkj bl rjg ls twukx<+ osQ ikfdLrkuesa foy; dks lgefr ugha nsxhA bl foy; dkHkh dksbZ laoSèkkfud vkèkkj ugha curkA ;sekeyk twukx<+ vkSj Hkkjr osQ chp curk gSAblosQ ckotwn 15 flracj 1947 dks twukx<+ usikfdLrku osQ lkFk foy; dks vkSipkfjd rkSjij Lohdkj dj fy;kA cl blosQ ckn Hkkjrh;iQkStksa dh jokuxh 'kq: gks xbZA HkqV~Vks dksle> esa vk x;k fd [krjk gS vkSj mUgksaus 16flracj dks fy;kdr ls enn ekaxrs gq, dgk]de ls de gesa ;s rks crkb, fd vki gesafdl rjg dh enn ns jgs gSa vkSj gesa fdlrjg ls dkjZokbZ djuh pkfg,A Hkkjr twukx<+


lsuk, jsy lsok vkSj Mkd rkj foHkkx gqvkdjrk FkkA ml le; vkcknh vkSj oqQy jk"Vªh;mRikn dh n`f"V ls gSnjkckn Hkkjr dk lclscM+k jkt?kjkuk FkkA mldk {ks=kiQy 82697oxZ ehy Fkk tks fd baXySaM vkSj LdkWVySaM osQoqQy {ks=kiQy ls Hkh vfèkd FkkA gSnjkckn dhvkcknh dk vLlh iQhlnh fganw yksx Fks tcfdvYila[;d gksrs gq, Hkh eqfLye ç'kkluvkSj lsuk esa egRoiw.kZ inksa ij cus gq, FksA

gSnjkckn osQ futke Hkh iwjh rjg ls Hkkjresa foy; osQ f[kykiQ FksA bfrgkldkj osQ,eeqa'kh dh fdrkc ¶,aM vkWiQ ,u ,jk¸ esafy[kk gS fd futke us ftUuk dks lans'k Hkstdjtkuus dh dksf'k'k dh D;k Hkkjr osQ f[kykiQyM+kbZ esa og gSnjkckn dk leFkZu djsaxsA çèkkuea=khusg: vkSj ekmaVcsVu bl i{k esa Fks fd iwjselys dk gy 'kkafriw.kZ <ax ls fd;k tkukpkfg,A ljnkj iVsy blls lger ugha FksAmudk ekuuk Fkk fd ml le; dk gSnjkckn]Hkkjr osQ isV esa dSalj osQ leku Fkk] ftlscnkZ'r ugha fd;k tk ldrk FkkA

iVsy dks vanktk Fkk fd gSnjkckn iwjhrjg ls ikfdLrku osQ dgus esa FkkA ;gka rdfd ikfdLrku iqrZxky osQ lkFk gSnjkckn dkle>kSrk djkus dh fiQjkd esa Fkk ftlosQrgr gSnjkckn xksok esa canjxkg cuok,xkvkSj t:jr iM+us ij mldk bLrseky djlosQxkA vkSj rks vkSj] gSnjkckn osQ futke usjk"VªeaMy dk lnL; cuus dh Hkh bPNktkfgj dh Fkh] ftls bVyh ljdkj us Bqdjkfn;k FkkA futke osQ lsukè;{k estj tujy,y ,n:l us viuh fdrkc gSnjkckn vkWiQn lsosu yksOl esa fy[kk gS fd futke us mUgsa[kqn gfFk;kj [kjhnus ;wjksi Hkstk FkkA ogvius fe'ku esa liQy ugha gks ik, FksA

,d le; tc futke dks yxk fd HkkjrgSnjkckn osQ foy; osQ fy, n`<+ladYi gS rksmUgksaus ;s is'kd'k Hkh dh fd gSnjkckn dks,d Lok;Ùk jkT; j[krs gq, fons'kh ekeyksa]j{kk vkSj lapkj dh ftEesnkjh Hkkjr dks lkSainh tk,A iVsy gSnjkckn ij lSU; dkjZokbZ osQi{k esa FksA mlh nkSjku iVsy us tujy osQ,edfj;Iik dks cqykdj iwNk fd vxj gSnjkcknosQ elys ij ikfdLrku dh rjiQ ls dksbZlSfud çfrfØ;k vkrh gS rks D;k og fcukfdlh vfrfjDr enn osQ mu gkykr ls fuiVik,axs\ dfj;Iik us bldk ,d 'kCn dktokc fn;k] gka* vkSj blosQ ckn cSBd [kRegks xbZA

blosQ ckn ljnkj iVsy us gSnjkckn esalSfud dkjZokbZ dks vafre :i fn;kA HkkjrosQ rRdkyhu lsukè;{k tujy jkWcVZ cwpj bliQSlys osQ f[kykiQ FksA mudk dguk Fkk fdikfdLrku dh lsuk blosQ tokc esa vgenkckn;k cacbZ ij ce fxjk ldrh gSA nks ckjHkkjrh; lsuk dh gSnjkckn esa ?kqlus dh rkjh[kr; dh xbZ ysfdu jktuhfrd ncko osQpyrs bls jí djuk iM+kA futke us xouZjtujy jktxksikykpkjh ls O;fDrxr vuqjksèkfd;k fd os ,slk u djsaA blh chp iVsy usxqIr rjhosQ ls ;kstuk dks vatke nsrs gq,Hkkjrh; lsuk dks gSnjkckn Hkst fn;kA tcusg: vkSj jktxksikykpkjh dks Hkkjrh; lsukosQ gSnjkckn esa ços'k dj tkus dh lwpuk nhxbZ rks oks fpafrr gks x,A iVsy us ?kks"k.kk dhfd Hkkjrh; lsuk gSnjkckn esa ?kql pqdh gSvkSj bls jksdus osQ fy, vc oqQN ugha fd;ktk ldrkA njvly usg: dh fpark ;s Fkhfd dgha ikfdLrku dksbZ tokch dkjZokbZ u

Hkkjrh; lsuk dh dkjZokbZ gSnjkckn esa ikapfnuksa rd pyh] blesa 1373 jtkdkj ekjs x,AgSnjkckn LVsV osQ 807 toku Hkh [ksr jgsAHkkjrh; lsuk us vius 66 toku [kks, tcfd96 toku ?kk;y gq,A Hkkjrh; lsuk dh dkjZokbZ'kq: gksus ls nks fnu igys gh 11 flracj 1948dks ikfdLrku osQ laLFkkid eksgEen vyhftUuk dk fuèku gks x;k FkkA

ikfdLrku us fiQj bl ekeys dks la;qDrjk"Vª esa mBkus dh dksf'k'k dh] oks blesadke;kc Hkh gqvkA ml le; vkB lnL;ksa usoksV fn;k fd bl ij fopkj fd;k tk;sAlksfo;r la?k] phu vkSj ;wozsQu us rVLFkjgdj ,d rjg ls Hkkjr dk lkFk fn;kAvxj ;s ekeyk la;qDr jk"Vª la?k esa mBrk rksikfdLrku dks varjkZ"Vªh; rkSj ij dkiQh iQk;nkfey ldrk FkkA la;qDr jk"Vª esa ekeys ijfopkj osQ fy, 17 flracj 1948 dh rkjh[kr; dh xbZA blls ,d fnu igys gh gSnjkcknosQ futke mLeku vyh [kku us vkReleiZ.kdj fn;kA ikfdLrku vkSj mlosQ leFkZdksa dkpsgjk iQd iM+ x;kA jgh&lgh dlj Hkkjrh;çfrfufèk;ksa osQ cSBd esa ugha vkus ls iwjh gksxbZA ;kuh iwjk ekeyk gh [kRe gks x;kA yacspkSM+s gSnjkckn dk oqQN fgLlk ckn esa jkT;ksaosQ iquxZBu osQ nkSjku egkjk"Vª vkSj dukZVdesa pyk x;k vkSj blh osQ cM+s fgLls dksfeykdj vkaèkz çns'k cukA

d'ehj dk ekeyk

tEew vkSj d'ehj osQ egkjktk gfj flagus Lokèkhurk dh ?kks"k.kk dj nhA gfj flag1925 esa d'ehj dh xíh ij cSBs FksA ogviuk vfèkdka'k le; cacbZ osQ jsldkslZ vkSjviuh fj;klr osQ cM+s taxyksa esa f'kdkj ijfcrk;k djrs FksA d'ehj esa muosQ lcls cM+sfojksèkh 'ks[k vCnqYyk FksA mUgksaus vyhx<+eqfLye fo'ofo|ky; ls ,e-,llh dh FkhAmUgsa viuh ckrsa rdksaZ] rF;ksa osQ lkFk j[kuhvkrh FkhA pwafd d'ehj fj;klr esa ç'kkluesa fganqvksa dk cksyckyk FkkA blfy, mUgksausbl ij loky mBkuk 'kq: fd;k D;ksafdmuosQ vuqlkj eqfLye cgqla[;d Fks vkSjjktLo esa lcls T;knk ;ksxnku djrs FksA

1932 esa mUgksaus egkjktk osQ f[kykiQ c<+jgs vlarks"k dks vkokt nsus osQ fy, vkWytEew&d'ehj eqfLye dkaÚsal dk xBu fd;kANg lky osQ ckn mUgksaus bldk uke cnydjus'kuy dkWUÚsal j[k fy;k] ftlesa fganw vkSj

tc futke dks yxk fd HkkjrgSnjkckn osQ foy; osQ fy, n`<+ladYigS rks mUgksaus ;s is'kd'k Hkh dh fdgSnjkckn dks ,d Lok;Ùk jkT; j[krsgq, fons'kh ekeyksa] j{kk vkSj lapkjdh ftEesnkjh Hkkjr dks lkSai nh tk,AiVsy gSnjkckn ij lSU; dkjZokbZ osQi{k esa FksA

dj cSBsA Hkkjrh; lsuk dh bl dkjZokbZ dksvkWijs'ku iksyks dk uke fn;k x;k D;ksafdml le; gSnjkckn esa fo'o esa lcls T;knk17 iksyks osQ eSnku FksA

ikfdLrku Hkh pqipki ugha cSBk FkkA tSlsgh Hkkjrh; lsuk gSnjkckn esa ?kqlh] ikfdLrkuosQ rRdkyhu çèkkuea=kh fy;kdr vyh [kka usviuh fMisaQl dkmafly dh cSBd cqykbZvkSj muls iwNk fd D;k gSnjkckn esa ikfdLrkudksbZ ,D'ku ys ldrk gS\ cSBd esa ekStwnxzqi dSIVsu ,yonhZ] tks ckn esa ,;j phiQek'kZy vkSj fczVsu osQ igys phiQ vkWiQ fMisaQlLVkiQ cus] us dgk ugha*A fy;kdr us tksj nsdj iwNk ¶D;k ge fnYyh ij ce ugha fxjkldrs gSa ,yonhZ dk tokc Fkk fd gka ;slaHko rks gS ysfdu ikfdLrku osQ ikl oqQypkj ceo"kZd gSa ftuesa ls fliQZ nks dke djjgs gSaA buesa ls ,d 'kk;n fnYyh rd igqapdj ce fxjk Hkh ns ysfdu buesa dksbZ okilugha vk ik,xkA


fl[k leqnk; osQ yksx Hkh 'kkfey gksus yxsAblh le; vCnqYyk us tokgjyky usg: lsHkh utnhdh c<+kbZA nksuksa fganw&eqfLye ,drkvkSj lektokn ij ,der FksA us'kuy dkWUÚsalvkSj dkaxzsl esa utnhfd;ka gksus yxhaA vCnqYyk1940 osQ n'kd esa d'ehj osQ lcls yksdfç;usrk cu pqosQ FksA dbZ ckj og tsy x;sAvktknh ls igys vCnqYyk us d'ehj esajktra=k dh txg çtkra=k ykus osQ fy, vkanksyu'kq: fd;kA mUgsa tsy esa Mky fn;k x;kA

egkjktk osQ eu esa Lora=k gksus dk fopkjtM+ tek pqdk FkkA og dkaxzsl ls uiQjrdjrs Fks] blfy, Hkkjr esa 'kkfey gksus osQckjs esa lksp Hkh ugha ldrs Fks ysfdu vxjoks ikfdLrku esa 'kkfey gks tkrs rks muosQfganw jktoa'k dk lwjt vLr gks tkrkA usg:us 27 flrEcj 1947 dks iVsy dks d'ehjdh [krjukd vkSj fcxM+rh gqbZ fLFkfr osQckjs esa yack i=k fy[kkA mUgsa [kcj feyh Fkhfd ikfdLrku cM+h la[;k esa d'ehj esa?kqliSfB;ksa dks Hkstuk pkgrk gSA bl chp 25flrEcj 1947 dks 'ks[k vCnqYyk dks tsy lsfjgk fd;k tk pqdk FkkA

tgka rd egkjktk gfj flag dk loky gSrks oks vc Hkh vktkn d'ehj osQ [okc esath jgs FksA tEew d'ehj osQ mi çèkkuea=kh us12 vDVwcj dks fnYyh esa dgk fd ge HkkjrvkSj ikfdLrku nksuksa osQ lkFk nksLrkuk lacaèkdk;e j[kuk pkgrs gSaA egkjktk dh egRokdka{kkd'ehj dks iwjc dk fLoV~tjySaM cukus dhgSA ,d ,slk eqqYd tks fcYoqQy fujis{k gksxkAmUgksaus vkxs dgk fd osQoy ,d gh phtgekjh jk; cny ldrh gS vkSj oks ;s gS fdvxj nksuksa ns'kksa esa dksbZ Hkh gekjs f[kykiQ'kfDr dk bLrseky djrk gS rks ge viuhjk; ij iqufoZpkj djsaxsA bl oDrO; osQosQoy nks gÝrs ckn gh gtkjksa gfFk;kjcandck;fy;ksa us jkT; ij mÙkj fn'kk ls geyk

dj fn;kA oks 22 vDVwcj dks mÙkj if'pehlhek çkar vkSj d'ehj osQ chp dh ljgndks ikj dj x, vkSj rsth ls jktèkkuh Jhuxjdh vksj c<+sA bu geykojksa esa T;knkrj iBkuFks] tks ml bykosQ ls vk, Fks tks vcikfdLrku osQ dCts esa gSA bu dck;yhfoæksfg;ksa us ckjkewyk esa cM+k mRikr epk;kAegkjktk us 24 vDVwcj dks Hkkjr ljdkj dkslSfud lgk;rk dk lans'k HkstkA vxys fnufnYyh esa Hkkjr dh lqj{kk lfefr dh cSBdgqbZ vkSj ohih esuu dks tgkt ls rqjar Jhuxjjokuk fd;k x;kA mUgksaus Jhuxj esa egkjktkls eqykdkr djus osQ ckn mUgsa geykojksa lslqjf{kr tEew tkus dh lykg nhA

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;kSu vijkèkksa esa cky lqj{kk dkuwu (ikWLdks ,DV)] 2012 ykxw dj lk

lzksr% efgyk ,oa cky fodkl foHkkx] Hkkjr ljdkj

jft-la-Mh,y (,l)&05@[email protected]. D.L.-05/3231/2015-17 at RMS, Delhi

23 tuojh 2015 dks izdkf'kr • 29&30 2015 dks Mkd }kjk tkjh

2015-17

tuojh

Licenced under U (DN)-55/2012-14

vkj-,u-vkbZ- 951@57 R.N.I. 951/57

YH-314/2014