ladder safety 2435

7/31/2019 Ladder Safety 2435

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DGS Bill Taylor

Ladder Safety

Presented ByBill Taylor


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DGS Bill Taylor

Ladder Safety - Introduction

Ladders are indispensable tools

There are many different sizes, shapes

780 workers injured annually in California

Most injuries: fall of less than 10 feet


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Most falls involve portable ladders Why do accidents happen?

Ladder -Moves, tilts, or shifts duringclimbing-Unstable / slippery basesurfaces

-Misstep / slip of foot-Loss of balance (overreach)-Struck by vehicle or other


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To reduce ladder fall risks:

Frequently inspect and maintain ladders

Match tasks to appropriate ladders Set up ladders correctly

Climb and descend ladders properly.

Employers - responsibility to train workers


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Ladder Ratings

4 ratings

Based onmaximumworking load

Rating WorkingLoad

Extra heavyduty (I-A)

300 pounds

Heavy duty (I) 250 pounds

Medium duty (II) 225 pounds

Light duty (III) 200 pounds


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Types of Portable Ladders

Non-self-supporting ladders

Two different types

Self-supporting ladders

Five different types


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Non-self-supporting ladders

Single portable or straight ladder Slip-resistant feet

30 foot maximum length

One worker

Wood, metal, fiberglass


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Non-self-supporting ladders Extension or section

ladder

Two or more sections

Upper section on top

Minimum sectionoverlap

One person

Wood, metal,fiberglass


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Non-self-supporting ladders Extension or section ladder

Maximum length of ladder 72 feet

Wood ladder not more then 60 feet

Individual sections not more then 30 feet

Non-slip base tie off top

Ladder Length Overlap

Up to and including 36 feet 3 feet

Over 36 through 48 feet 4 feetOver 48 through 60 feet 5 feet

Install positive stops on individual ladder sections to ensure required overlap.


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Standard stepladder Flat steps, hinged back

Use on firm level footing

Metal, wood, fiberglass

One worker Metal spreader or locking

arms

No work from top step

20 feet maximum length




Two-way stepladder

Similar to standard

Steps on both sides

Two people not more then 20 feet



How Many Safetyviolations Can You Count




Platform ladder

Special purpose

Max 20 feet to platform Stable platform is

highest working height




Orchard ladder Special purpose for

pruning/harvest use

One person 16 feet maximum

Wood, metal, fiberglass

DO NOT stand on top step




Trestle ladder Two sections, hinged

Used in pairs to support

planks or staging Angle of spread = 5.5

inches per foot of length

Max Height 20 feet

Spreaders required


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How Many Safetyviolations Can You Count


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Selecting Ladders

Other ladders for special needs platform

trolley

side-rolling shaft

Manhole

Choose the right ladder for the job!


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Selecting Ladders

Example 1

A medium-duty, four-legged stepladder is designed

for use on firm, level footing. If you use it frequently

on soft, uneven ground typical in orchard work

it will eventually twist and fail to support a load. You

risk becoming a victim of the most common ladder

accident a ladder that tips over.


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Selecting Ladders

Example 1

A medium-duty, four-leggedstepladder is designed for use

on firm, level footing. If you useit frequently on soft, unevenground typical in orchardwork it will eventually twistand fail to support a load. You

risk becoming a victim of themost common ladder accident

a ladder that tips over.

Example 2

An orchard ladder lacks lockingarms or spreaders. When used

on a firm, smooth footing, thetripod leg or pole tends tocreep forward. The result isanother common accidentscenario the ladder is likely

to collapse.


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Using Ladders

Accidents happen:

fail to inspect

place inappropriately

ignore safe practices when climbing


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Using Ladders

Beginning a job

select appropriate ladder for task

inspect ladder

clean

undamaged


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Using Ladders

Placing a ladder near work

proper angle

extend the ladder length

minimum slope 50degrees

solid rest across openings

protect base from bumps

orchard ladder pole onground

Avoid...

placing ladder in front of

unlocked/unguarded door

placing ladder on boxes,

table, trucks or othermovable objects


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Whats Wrong?


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Using Ladders

Securing a ladder

nail/lash in place

extend at least 36

inches above accessarea

Avoid

exposed areas during

storm or wind

ladders covered withice or snow

using ladder if stairway

can be used instead


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Using Ladders

Ascending anddescending

face the ladder

grasp rails with bothhands

raise/lower heavyloads with hand line

or hoist attach light tools to

ladder or person

Avoid

sliding down ladder

climbing with slippery

hands/shoes using hands to carry

items

carrying awkward

loads


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Using Ladders

Securing equipment

use strong bail hookon picker bucket

when not using limbhook, secure it toladder or nearby limb

Avoid

placing tools/materials

on ladder if they could

fall off


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Using Ladders

Metal ladders

skid resistant surfaceon steps, rungs

corrugated

knurled

dimpled

coated

WARNING Do Not

Use Around EnergizedElectrical Equipment.

Avoid

using ladders with

conductive rails near

exposed, energized

equipment


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Using Ladders

Precautions

both feet firmly onrungs and steps

one person only onstandard ladders

inspect ladder that hascollapsed, tipped, orexposed to harshchemicals

extend extensionladder > 36 inchesabove access

keep area aroundladder free of debris

keep load on ladder(including worker)

below maximum loadcapacity


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Using Ladders

Do NOT paint ladders; use

transparent preservative

use ladders with broken,patched, oily parts

use ladder as guy,brace, or skid

stand or sit on top 2

steps of stepladder

reach out over side rails,lean, turn

use self-supporting ladders

without spreader or lockingdevice

load ladder beyondmaximum load capacity


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Transporting Ladders

Hand carry

elevate front end

Vehicle transport

parallel to bed

dont toss or throw into bed

support ladder so it wont bend or sag

secure ladder to vehicle

drive slowly over rough terrain


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Storing Ladders

Well ventilated area

Limit exposure tomoisture/excessive

heat Store straight/extension

ladder on flat racks orwall brackets no

sagging

Store stepladder andorchard ladder verticallyin closed position

Store promptly afteruse

Limit exposure of woodand fiberglass to

moisture and sunlight


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Maintaining Ladders

Neglected ladders quickly become unsafeladders

Maintenance regular inspection, tightenstep bolts and fastenings

Do not paint wooden ladder hides defects


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Repairing Ladders

Wooden ladder: replace lower steps when of step is worn away

Non-skid surface reduces wear

Dont use cleats to repair rung ladder

Do not paint wooden ladder

Stock repair partsladder bolts, lower steps,related hardware


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Improve Slip Resistance

Cloth-backed mineral abrasive

Anti-slip abrasive surfacer

Coarse-ground walnut shells Sand

Re-dimpling (for metal ladders)


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Checklists

Available from EH&S

Ladder hazards

Ladder training


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Definitions

Check

Cleat

Competent person

Decay Extension ladder

Extension trestle ladder

Fastening

Ladder Platform ladder

Rungs

Sectional ladder

Single (or straight) ladder

Special-purpose ladder Stepladder

Steps

Tread

Tread width Trestle ladder


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Ladder Safety - Introduction CAL-OSHA regulations

Division Subdivision

2 (General) D - Walking/ working Surfaces

3 (Construction) X - Stairways and Ladders

4 (Agriculture) D - Ladders and Scaffolds

ladder safety 2435

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