labour market situation of the youth in poland and the educational system reform: a success or...

Labour Market Situation of the Youth in Poland and the Educational System Reform: A Success or Failure

Przemyslaw WlodarczykM.A., Ph.D. CandidateUniversity of Lodz

Agenda

Disadvanteged groups of unemployed

The youth as disadvantaged group Polish system of education Unemployment among the youth Changes in the structure of

unemployment Conclusion

Disadvanteged groups of unemployed

People characterized by such an order of social and demographic features that seriously diminish their chances of finding a job or place of long-term employment (Maksim M., 2001, p.5).

The youth as disadvantaged group

Reasons: discrepancies between possessed qualifications

and the requirements of employers; lack of will of employers to widen qualifications of their employees;

high aspirations of graduates; complacency about their professional

perspectives; choice of traditional professions; low level of work discipline and high mobility; marginal difference between unemployment

benefits and wages for young workers

The youth as disadvantaged group

Consequences: economic and social:

financial situation, standard of life; dissatisfaction, frustration, aggression;

health: depression and psychological

disturbances; motivational.

Polish system of education – prior to the reform of 1999

TERTIARY EDUCATION:- 5-year master studies

BASIC VOCATIONAL EDUCATION:

- 3-year basic vocational schools

TECHNICAL SECONDARY EDUCATION:

- 5-year technical secondary schools

GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION:- 4-year general secondary schools- 4-year technical and vocational

lyceums

COMPLEMENTARY SECONDARY EDUCATION:- 3-year complementary

general secondary school- 2,5-3 -year

complementary technical secondary school

PRIMARY EDUCATION:- 8-year primary schools

POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION

The aims of the reform

adjustment of the structure of school-leavers to the needs of the market

generalization of vocational training increase in the chances of finding

employment by the youth

Polish system of education – after the reform

TERTIARY EDUCATION:- 2-year supplementary master studies

- 3-year bachelor/engineer studies

BASIC VOCATIONAL EDUCATION:

- 2-3-year basic vocational schools

TECHNICAL SECONDARY EDUCATION:

- 4-year technical secondary schools

GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION:

- 3-year general secondary

schools

PRIMARY EDUCATION:- 6-year primary schools

POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION

LOWER SECONDARY EDUCATION:- 3-year gymnasium

SPECIALISED SECONDARY EDUCATION:

- 3-year specialised secondary schools

COMPLEMENTARY SECONDARY EDUCATION:- 2-year complementary

general secondary school- 3-year complementary

technical secondary school

Unemployment among the youth

Figure 1: Labour market activity of people in the age of 15-24 years in Poland in 1992-2009

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Population (inthousands ofpersons)

Labour Force(in thousandsof persons)

Labour forceactivity ratio(in %)

Source: Stats.OECD database.


Figure 2: Unemployment of people between 15 and 24 years in Poland in 1992-2009

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Unemployment- Labour ForceSurvey (inthousands ofpersons)

Registeredunemployment(in thousandsof persons)

Source: Stats.OECD database and statistics of the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy.


Figure 3: Rates of unemployment in Poland in 1992-2009

05

101520253035404550

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Unemploymentrate, 15-24years - LFS (in%)

Registeredunemploymentrate, 15-24years (in %)

Source: Stats.OECD database and author's calculations based on statistics of the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy.


Figure 4: Unemployment among the youth and economic growth in Poland in 1992-2009

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

GDP inconstantprices(percentagechange onpreviousyear)

Registeredunemployment rate (in%)

Source: Stats.OECD database and author's calculations based on statistics of the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy.


Figure 5: Unemployment among the youth in Poland in 1992-2009 in relation to total unemployment and total emigrations

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1992199319941995 199619971998199920002001200220032004 20052006200720082009

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000Totalemigrations (inpersons)

Registeredunemploymentrate, 15-24years (in %)

Registeredunemploymentrate, totalpopulation (in%)

Source: Stats.OECD, Eurostat and ILO databases and author's own calculations.

Changes in the structure of unemployment


Figure 6: Unemployment rate by highest educational attainment in the age group of 15-24 years in Poland in 1997-2009:

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Pre-primary,primary andlowersecondaryeducationUppersecondary andpost-secondarynon-tertiaryeducationTertiaryeducation

Source: Eurostat Internet Database


Figure 7: Duration of unemployment in the age group of 15-24 years in Poland in 1997-2009

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

>48 months

24-47 months

18-23 months

12-17 months

6-11 months

3-5 months

1-2 months

<1month


Figure 8: Duration of unemployment of total population in Poland in 1997-2009

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

>48 months

24-47 months

18-23 months

12-17 months

6-11 months

3-5 months

1-2 months

<1month


Conclusion

The youth are still overrepresented among the unemployed;

Unemployment rates and levels are explained by the business cycle and the process of migration;

Changes of structure of the educational system were weakly reflected in the structure of unemployment;

The attempts to shorten the duration of unemployment through the introduction of new subjects did not have any effect.

labour market situation of the youth in poland and the educational system reform: a success or...

Documents