lab 8 fungi
DESCRIPTION
LAB 8 Fungi. Presentations. Three Fungi Groups Zygomycota , Ascomycota, Basidiomycota Three plant groups Coniferophyta , Anthophyta , Bryophyta Presentation needs to emphasize complete life cycle. Interesting fact 75% of the pictures must be ones you took/drew in lab 10 points - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
LAB 8Fungi
Presentations• Three Fungi Groups
• Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota
• Three plant groups• Coniferophyta, Anthophyta, Bryophyta
• Presentation needs to emphasize complete life cycle. • Interesting fact• 75% of the pictures must be ones you took/drew in
lab• 10 points
- 7 for group grade- 3 for individual gradePresentation skills.
Cordyceps: attach of the killer fungi• http
://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuKjBIBBAL8
• http://blog.ted.com/2008/05/06/paul_stamets/
What Domain?
SUPERGROUP UNIKONTAKINGDOM FUNGI
Monophyletic
• Biosynthetic pathway of Lysine• Chitin in Cell walls• 18s ribosomal DNA sequence
Fungi• Primary Land
Decomposers• Across almost all
Terrestrial Habitats• About 1 million
species and only about 10% described
Fungus Amongus!(Good)
• Reasons to Love Fungi:1. Citric Acid/ Lemon -produced using Aspergillus niger2. Bread
– Rises via Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
3. Cheese– Blue Cheese & Camembert– With Penicillium
4. Wine & Beer– Fermentation from Yeast
5. Soy Sauce– Fermentation from Aspergillus
European white truffles sell for as much as $3,600 a pound!
Fungus Amongus!
(Not So Good?)• Reason to Not Love
Fungi:1. Human Parasites
– Ringworm– Athlete’s Foot
• Reasons to Love or Hate Fungi?:1. Corn Smut
Ustilago maydis Eaten in Latin America
→ Called Huitlacoche Not Eaten in U.S.
→ Ruins Crops2. Toxic Fungi
Many Fungi are Poisonous to Humans
Can Cause Slight Reaction to Death!
Some Species Cause Hallucinations→ “Psychedelic/Magic
Mushrooms”
Penicillin Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 from mold: Penicillium notatum
Nobel PrizeNamed 100 most important people of the 20th century. Changed the course of history
Bd (Chytrid Fungs) in Frogs
White nose in Bats Geomyces destructans
• 90% mortality• Grave threat to bats
Fungal Characteristics
• Hyphae Contain Cell Walls– Chitin– Pores between cells
• Heterotrophic• (Mostly)
Multicellular
• Basic Structure called Mycelium – Composed of Fine
Branching Tubes called Hyphae
Nutrition• Absorb Food– Osmotrophic– Fine Hyphae Increase
Absorption Capacity– External Secretion of
Hydrolytic Enzymes & Acids to Decompose Complex Molecules
– Food is Broken Down Externally then Absorbed. • Nutritional Modes:
1. Saprobes→ Live on Dead
Materials (Decomposers)
2. Parasites→ Live on Living
Organisms (Pathogens)
3. Mutualists→ Live on Living
Organisms but Benefit that Organism
General Fungal Growth & Reproduction
• General Fungal Growth Pattern:
1. Spores Germinate.
2. Hyphae Emerge.
3. Hyphae Grow & Branch.
4. Hyphae Form a Mycelium.
5. Mycelium Forms a Colony.
6. Colony Produces Spores through Fruitbodies or Fragmentation.
• Spores → Units of Fungal Propagation
General Lifecycle
Reproduction1. Haploid spores: produced
asexually- conditions habitable, dispersed by wind and water.
2. Sexual spores: involves conjugation in which hyphae of two different strains join.a. plasmogamy: union of cytoplasmb. karyogamy: union of nucleic. meiosis ---> spores ---> dispersald. mitosis ----> haploid hyphae
General Fungal Growth & Reproduction
Different Forms of Asexual Reproduction• Asexual Reproduction
– Produces Haploid (n) Spores• Via Fruitbodies or Various
Methods of Fragmentation– Produced When
Environmental Conditions are Good
• Sexual Reproduction– Produces Haploid (n)
Spores • Compatible hyphae fuse
– Creates (n + n) hyphae• Nuclei fuse (2n)• Meiosis Occurs to produce
spores in Fruitbodies. – Produced When Fungi are
under Environmental Stress
Fungal Sexual Reproduction
• Separate Mitotic Divisions Greater Genetic Diversity, when Nuclei finally do Fuse & go through Recombination during Meiosis, each Meiotic Event will produce a Different Arrangement of the Genome!
Why Fungi are Amazing!!
3 Major Phyla of Fungi
• Today’s Lab focuses on 3 Phyla of Fungi:1. Zygomycota 2. Ascomycota3. Basidiomycota
• 3 Phyla are members of “True” Kingdom Fungi.
• Phyla are separated based on asexual & sexual reproductive structures.Zygomycota
Basidiomycota
Ascomycota
Don’t forget about the Plants!
FUNGUS QUIZ NEXT WEEK• Fungi life cycles
– Compare to plant and animal• Main characteristics of the 3 phyla in lab• Be able to identify images• Be familiar with slides and specimens
• Things that may apply from previous labs– Analogous vs. homologous structures– Taxonomic hierarchy– Etc…