l4 design document
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Developing Standards-based Learning Objects by Using
Design DocumentMID 7133
: [email protected] : Azmawati Mohd Lazim
: 21A4FE60 : wawacrv : wawacrv
Lecturer : Azmawati Binti Mohd Lazim
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Contents
1. Learning Object Development2. Exploring Learning Objects3. Storyboarding for RLOs and RIOs4. Storyboarding Guidelines & Tips5. Mini-Project6. Authoring Tools for Creating Learning
Objects7. Practical Implementations & Deployment of
Learning Objects8. Roundup
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What is a learning object?
"The Course" vs. "The Learning Object"◦"The course" --The unit of learning best
understood by traditional educators ◦Internet has emerged as a powerful change
agent for both business and education ◦Internet has encouraged educators and trainers
to reexamine ways in which they create and deliver educational materials
◦Outcome is a shift towards deconstructing the "course" into small pieces of instruction the "Learning Object"
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Learning Object Organizational Structure
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Design by Azmawati Mohd Lazim for masters of E-Learning Students Class of 2012, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
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Learning Object Model
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Clearly defined, specific and measurable learning outcome (performance objective)
Learning content that prepare learners to master /gain competence of the learning objective stated.
Interactive exercise (s) that provide learnersa chance to practice the skill / knowledge learned.
Assessment or test item to evaluate if learning outcome is achieved.
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What are learning objects?Smaller units of learning Typically from 2 and 15 minutes of learning
(7+ 2 RIO/ frames)
Self contained Can be used independently of other learning objects
Reusable Same learning object can be used in multiple contexts for multiple purposes
Can be aggregated LOs can be grouped into larger collections of content to create more substantial learning units (lesson, module, course)
Tagged with metadata All LOs are tagged with metadata that describes the LO and allows it to be easily retrieved in a search.
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Example of Learning Object
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Example of Learning Object
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Lo deployed in the LMS
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Design by Azmawati Mohd Lazim for masters of E-Learning Students Class of 2012, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
Learning Object DevelopmentDr David Merrill’s Component Display Theory
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Learning Object Hierarchy
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Structure of learning object
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RIO Structure
Each RIO has:◦Pretest item(s)◦Content items◦Practice items◦Quiz items
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Guidelines on Number of Content Items
RIO Type No. of Content Items Required areas
Concept 4 - 10IntroductionDefinitionExample (at least 1)Practice Question(s)
Fact 4 - 9IntroductionAny combination of:Facts - GraphicFacts - ListFacts - TablePractice Question(s)
Procedure 3 - 6IntroductionAny one table:Procedure TableDecision TableCombined TablePractice Question(s)
Process 3 - 5IntroductionAny one table: Staged Table Block Table Cycle ChartPractice Question(s)
Principle 5 - 11IntroductionPrinciple StatementGuidelinesExample(s)Practice Question(s)
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RIO Packet Cover Sheet
RLO Title:RIO Title:RIO Objective: After completing this
topic, you will be able to …RIO Type: (Concept, Fact, Procedure,
Principle, Process)
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Design by Azmawati Mohd Lazim for masters of E-Learning Students Class of 2012, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
Process RIO Example - 2Facts – only list the facts that are needed to
explain the process. Example:
Those involved in QA
The QA process involves the following staff:• Development team member• QA Manager• QA Reviewer• Performance Solutions Group member
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Pros & Cons of LOs
Pros Cons
Production costs
LOs can be maintained & updated separately
Retooling & retraining required
Flexibility More LOs – more flexible for designers
Restricts learner’s scope
Pedagogy Fits in with ISD theories. More discipline for IDs
Can restrict pedagogical approaches. Can’t apply to lengthy materials
End-user costs
Lower costs & increased choice
Significant conversion costs
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Issues with Learning Objects
2 important issues in learning objects:◦Interoperability◦Reusability
Single most difficult characteristic is granularity – no accepted definition – best one is between 2 and 15 minutes for learning (topic level)
Single most important characteristic is the learning objective in the learning object itself
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Anatomy of a Learning Object
Centred around a learning objective Content / information supports the
objective and promotes the achievement of the learning outcome
Practice / Feedback ensures mastery
Objective
InstructionalContent
Practiceand Feedback
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More examples
http://www.kineo.com/demos/mcd_artic_demo/mcd_demo/player.html
http://www.kineo.com/case_studies/fit-for-the-future/main.html
http://www.kineo.com/demos/nikon_d5000/main.html