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Сергей Доронин квантовата магия София, 2011

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КВантова магия

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, 2011 . -. , , 2011 , , 2011 -, 2011ISBN 978-954-321-960-5 : . . - , 2007 .................................... 7 ......................................................................................................... 91. 1.1. ..................... 171.2. ....................................................................... 271.3. ..................................................................................... 371.4. ................................. 471.5. . ...................................................... 591.6. ? ........................... 681.7. . .. 731.8. ..................... 772. 2.1. ......................... 872.2. .................. 932.3. ? .............1002.4. ................................................1082.5. ................................................................1172.6. ...........................................................................1242.7. ..........................1282.8. .......................1312.9. , , ................................................1442.10. .........................................................1543. . 3.1. ...................1616. . 3.2. ....1753.3. ....................................................1873.4. ..........................................................1913.5. .......................................................2023.6. - .................................................................................2083.7. . ................................2143.8. . .........2253.9. ................................2374 . 4.1. ...........................................................................2474.2. ................................................................................2714.3. .................................................................................2754.4. .....................2804.5. .......................2835 5.1. ...................................................3105.2. ........................................3135.3. ................................3245.4. ................................................................3355.5. ..............................................3415.6. ...............................................................................3455.7. () .....................3525.8. ...356 ................................................................................................359 ...............................................................................................363 ............................................................................366 ...........................................370 , , . ... ., , . , . , . ? , - : ! ! . . , - . - - , . , - -. -, - , , .? , , , .8. . -? - , - - , . , , , , . :, , - , , , . , , - .? ? . . , - . - : - -, . , , , ? -... , -, -. ,- , - , - , ., . ? - : ,.-, , - . . , - -, ., , , 10. . -. ,-. ,, . - - . - , , , ,,- , -..-, -, . , , ., - , - . , - , , -, ., -, -.,- () - - . . ,, 11 , . , -.- -, . , . , , . , -. ,- , -- . , - , -,. . , , . , . - -. , -- .,-- -12. . , . ., ,-.,, . , .- . , , , - .- ,,-.- , , . - -- .,, : - , - ., , - . , --13 , - .,-, , .,, . , - .1 1.1 - - . , ( 1080 ), , - ? , -,,? ! - . . - -1 .00, - 10 (2300 = 1090)2. 1 . 2 0 1 ( ), N 2N. - (, 0 1) . .18. . . - , - .-- , , .- : , , ,-. , , . . . , , .: . - .- 300 2300 , - . -, ( 1). ,- . ( ), ,-.- , 1. - . 2, 2.4.19 1.1 . - . -,, , . CD -,- 0 1 . CD ,- CD, - . - CD.CD CD , -,, , 0 1. - - - CD CD. ()- .- - . , . , , .11982 . ,-., - 1Feynman R. Simulating physics with computers // International Journal of Theoretical Physics. Vol. 21. No. 6/7. P. 467488 (1982); Feynman R. Quantummechanicalcomputers//FoundationsofPhysics.Vol.16.P. 507531 (1986). (Originally appeared in Optics News, February 1985.)20. . , . - , , - , - , - ( ). , . , . , --, , . - -.- () . - , - . ,- . - , ., .- 1994 ., 1 ,-( ),- .,1010 , 1Shop P. W. In Proceedings of the 35th Annual Simposium on the Foundations ofComputerScience,editedbyS.Goldwasser(IEEEComputerSociety Press, Los Alamos, CA). P. 124 (1994).21 1.1 ,34- , , 60- , (1017). , .,., , , . , - - , . , , - - -. , . , ,- . - , -, ,.- , . , . -., ,- - .--. - --22. . , . : , - , , . , , . -, , -, -. : ,,-, , . , - , , - .. , .- . - -,,, . , - - , . , - . , , . ?. , -,-. - () 23 1.1 .- () , - , - . -, . ., ,- , - . -. --.- ,, , - , . , , : -,.--(,)(, ). , . -, , - . , , 24. . (.), . . 1 --( :--), , , , . , , , , -, - , . , - - , - - . , , -. , - , - , . , , ,,. ,, . , . , , . , , , - ,- , .. , . , - 1. . : http://www.computerra.ru/ofine/2002/440/17528/.25 1.1 , , - .- ( ), 1 . - - -, - . , - -. . - . -,- ,- . , - . , - . , () - : . - . - , -(). , - ( 1- . . 3, 3.3.26. . ).. , ,, .-. , , .- - , : , . - , , -., ( ). , .-, , , ., ,- .- . - - . , , .-, - , - .