kutatás-fejlesztés és innováció magyarországon: tények és trendek
DESCRIPTION
Kutatás-fejlesztés és innováció Magyarországon: tények és trendek. Dr. Balogh Tamás főosztályvezető Nemzeti Kutatási és Technológiai Hivatal Budapest, 2004. február 18. „… Nobel-díj…”. „… gazdasági eredmény…”. „a tudomány szabadsága…”. „a kutatók fegyelmezetlenek…”. „…kiválóság…”. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Kutats-fejleszts s innovci Magyarorszgon: tnyek s trendekDr. Balogh TamsfosztlyvezetNemzeti Kutatsi s Technolgiai HivatalBudapest, 2004. februr 18.
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kutatsgazdasg Nobel-dja tudomny szabadsgakivlsgcl: publikcik, idzettsg gazdasgi eredmny...gyors piacra vitel.cl: bevtel s nyeresgKT KLN VILG?a kutatk fegyelmezetlenek
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Az innovci cljai:Versenykpes gazdasgFenntarthat fejldsJavul letminsgNagy hozzadott rtket ltrehoz (jl fizetett) munkahelyekEgszsges krnyezet, egszsges lakossg
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A lineris innovcis modellalapkutatsAlk. kutatsKsrleti f.Piacra vitelBebizonyosodott, hogy a lineris modell tlhaladott, s erltetett, nem hatkony, egyoldalan knlat-orientlt megoldsokhoz vezet. Valjban sokkal szorosabb az elemek kztti klcsns sszefggs, klnsen a technolgiai ciklus felgyorsulsval.
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A nemlineris innovcis modellalapkutatsAlk. kutatsKsrleti f.Piacra vitelTermkek, szolgltatsok fejlesztsej tuds,Alaptletek tadsaTuds konkrt clra alkalmazsaPrototpus ksztsej piaci ignyekKltsgcskkentsKrnyezetvdelem stb.Ignyek j jellemzkre, paramterekreIgnyek j tletekre, hossz tv szemlletre
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Szegny embert az g is hzza, azaz: minl gazdagabb egy orszg, FAJLAGOSAN IS annl tbbet fordt kutatsra-fejlesztsre
Munka1
GERD OECD and EU and candidate countries
Table 1.
GDP/capitaGERD/GDP
OECD26,477,2021,115,869237282.21
Japan3,360,198126,686265242.98
US9,614,827272,996352202.69
Austria208,8788,092258131.8
Belgium269,88610,222264021.96
Denmark151,4755,321284672.06
Finland126,3685,165244663.37
France1,406,62760,156233832.15
Germany2,048,51982,087249552.48
Greece169,41910,534160830.68
Italy1,408,25757,646244291.04
Ireland109,4263,745292191.21
Netherlands437,29415,807276652.02
Portugal175,6509,978176041.76
Spain763,19039,418193611.94
Sweden215,6418,858243443.78
United Kingdom1,432,36759,501240731.86
EU15n.a.n.a.232001.93
Hungary120,93710,068120120.69
Czech Republic146,49710,282142481.24
Poland354,90638,65491820.75
Slovak Republic61,6065,396114170.66
Cyprusn.a.n.a.184600.25
Slovenian.a.n.a.159701.51
Estonian.a.n.a.98200.75
Latvian.a.n.a.77100.41
Lithuanian.a.n.a.87300.6
Turkey456,16065,81969310.63
Romanian.a.n.a.58600.4
Bulgarian.a.n.a.65100.57
Switzerland214,5297,144300292.64
Iceland7,578277273572.33
Norway131,6374,462295021.46
Korea833,73746,858177932.47
Mexico843,45197,42886570.4
New Zeeland74,2263,811194771.13
Canada828,98730,491271881.94
Australia504,92918,967266211.5
KarpatiA:calculated
KarpatiA:source: Main Science and Technology indicatorsOECD 2001/2
KarpatiA:source: Science,Technology and InnovationKey Figures 2002
KarpatiA:source: Science,Technology and InnovationKey Figures 2002
KarpatiA:source: Science,Technology and InnovationKey Figures 2002
KarpatiA:source: Science,Technology and InnovationKey Figures 2002
KarpatiA:source: Science,Technology and InnovationKey Figures 2002
KarpatiA:source: Science,Technology and InnovationKey Figures 2002
KarpatiA:source: Science,Technology and InnovationKey Figures 2002
KarpatiA:source: Science,Technology and InnovationKey Figures 2002
KarpatiA:source: Science,Technology and InnovationKey Figures 2002
KarpatiA:from Korea source: Main Science and Technology IndicatorsOECD 2001/2
GERD in EU
2.21
2.98
2.69
1.8
1.96
2.06
3.37
2.15
2.48
0.68
1.04
1.21
2.02
1.76
1.94
3.78
1.86
1.93
0.69
1.24
0.75
0.66
0.25
1.51
0.75
0.41
0.6
GDP/ capita
GERD/GDP
SLO
CZ
EST
H
PL
SK
LI
LT
CYP
EL
I
A
UK
EU15
NL
B
IRL
DK
D
JP
US
FIN
S
OECD
F
E
P
Munka2
GERD as a percantage of GDP
19901994199519961997199819992000
Austria1.391.541.561.61.691.791.831.8
Belgium1.611.711.711.81.871.891.962.03
Denmark1.571.7051.841.851.942.062.092.12
Finland1.882.292.292.542.722.893.223.37
France2.372.342.312.32.222.172.192.15
Germany2.752.262.262.262.292.312.442.48
Greece0.360.4250.490.50.510.590.670.75
Ireland0.831.311.341.321.291.261.211.16
Italy1.291.0511.011.051.071.041.05
Netherlands2.071.951.992.012.041.942.022.1
Portugal0.510.540.570.5950.620.6850.750.815
Spain0.810.810.810.830.820.890.880.94
Sweden2.793.1253.463.5653.673.7253.783.835
United Kingdom2.152.071.951.881.811.81.881.86
EU151.951.831.81.81.81.811.8681.88
Hungary1.460.880.730.650.720.680.690.81
Czech Republic2.021.11.011.041.161.241.251.35
Poland00.760.690.710.710.720.750.7
SlovakRepublic1.750.960.980.971.130.820.680.69
US2.652.422.512.552.582.612.662.7
Japan2.782.762.692.772.832.942.942.98
OECD2.292.092.12.132.152.172.212.24
KarpatiA:source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2002
KarpatiA:estimated
KarpatiA:estimated
KarpatiA:estimated
KarpatiA:estimated
KarpatiA:estimated
KarpatiA:estimated
KarpatiA:estimated
KarpatiA:estimated
KarpatiA:estimated
KarpatiA:estimated
KarpatiA:estimated
KarpatiA:estimated
KarpatiA:estimated
KarpatiA:estimated
KarpatiA:estimated
KarpatiA:estimated
KarpatiA:estimated
KarpatiA:estimated
Trends
1.391.611.571.882.372.750.360.831.292.070.510.812.792.151.951.462.0201.7512.652.782.29
1.541.711.7052.292.342.260.4251.311.051.950.540.813.1252.071.830.881.10.760.9619942.422.762.09
1.561.711.842.292.312.260.491.3411.990.570.813.461.951.80.731.010.690.9819952.512.692.1
1.61.81.852.542.32.260.51.321.012.010.5950.833.5651.881.80.651.040.710.9719962.552.772.13
1.691.871.942.722.222.290.511.291.052.040.620.823.671.811.80.721.160.711.1319972.582.832.15
1.791.892.062.892.172.310.591.261.071.940.6850.893.7251.81.810.681.240.720.8219982.612.942.17
1.831.962.093.222.192.440.671.211.042.020.750.883.781.881.8680.691.250.750.6819992.662.942.21
1.82.032.123.372.152.480.751.161.052.10.8150.943.8351.861.880.811.350.70.6920002.72.982.24
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
EU15
Hungary
Czech Republic
Poland
SlovakRepublic
#HIV!
US
Japan
OECD
Trends-all
A
B
B
DK
FIN
D
EL
I
NL
P
E
s
UK
EU15
H
CZ
PL
SK
IRL
US
JP
OECD
Trends 2
1.571.882.750.360.830.512.791.951.462.0201.752.652.782.29
1.7052.292.260.4251.310.543.1251.830.881.10.760.962.422.762.09
1.842.292.260.491.340.573.461.80.731.010.690.982.512.692.1
1.852.542.260.51.320.5953.5651.80.651.040.710.972.552.772.13
1.942.722.290.511.290.623.671.80.721.160.711.132.582.832.15
2.062.892.310.591.260.6853.7251.810.681.240.720.822.612.942.17
2.093.222.440.671.210.753.781.8680.691.250.750.682.662.942.21
2.123.372.480.751.160.8153.8351.880.811.350.70.692.72.982.24
Denmark
Finland
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Portugal
Sweden
EU15
Hungary
Czech Republic
Poland
SlovakRepublic
US
Japan
OECD
Trends
DK
FIN
D
EL
IRL
P
s
EU15
H
CZ
PL
SK
US
JP
OECD
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A mszaki fejlds a globalizldst erst folyamat
A szlltsi, kzlekedsi s tvkzlsi kltsgek alakulsa a XX.szzadban (1990-es USD-re tszmtva)
v
Tengeri ruszllts1
Lgi utasszllts2
Tvkzls3
1920
95
-
-
1930
60
0,68
244,7
1940
63
0,46
180,5
1950
34
0,30
53,2
1960
27
0,24
45,9
1970
27
0,16
31,6
1980
24
0,10
4,8
1990
29
0,11
3,3
1 1 tonna ru USA-Eurpa kztt tlagos szlltsi kltsgei s kapcsold djai
2 1 utasmrfld tlagos dja
3 egy 3 perces London-New York telefonbeszlgets tlagos dja
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A globalizci nveli a trsadalmi klnbsgeket, mert cskken szlltsi s tvkzlsi kltsgek: az ruk, szolgltatsok s a termelsi tnyezk knnyebb ramlsa; Demogrfiai okokbl a vilgon nagy s nvekv a tlknlat alacsony kpzettsg munkaerbl; Az alacsony kpzettsg munkaer piacn a fokozd sszemrhetsg s a verseny mg inkbb leszortja breket; A kpzett s innovatv munkaerbl knlati korlt van, a kereslet szinte korltlan, a brek nvekednek; Szksgszeren n a szocilis szakadk, de mr nem az egyes orszgok kztt, hanem az orszgokon bell.
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Egy vnyi tanuls becslt hozama Magyarorszgon (vllalati szfra, brutt keresetek). Forrs: Kll, 2000.
Diagram1
298
21316
31929
42031.5
32233
219.530.5
42330
32429.5
2.52232
szakmunks/ltalnos
kzp/szakmunks
fels/kzp
Munka1
szakmunks/ltalnoskzp/szakmunksfels/kzp
1986298
198921316
199231929
199342031.5
199432233
1995219.530.5
199642330
199732429.5
19982.52232
Munka1
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
szakmunks/ltalnos
kzp/szakmunks
fels/kzp
Egy vnyi tovbbtanuls becslt kereseti hozama (%) iskolai fokozatonknt (vllalati szfra, brutt keresetek)
Munka2
Munka3
-
Kutats-fejlesztsi rfordtsok a GDP %-ban
Diagram1
1.08
1
0.93
0.75
0.67
0.74
0.7
0.68
0.82
0.94
1.01
rfordts a GDP %-ban
GERD/GDP (%)
2001
rfordts a GDP %-banberuhzs a nemzetgazdasgi beruhzsok %-ban
19921.080.72
199310.67
19940.930.65
19950.750.56
19960.670.5
19970.740.48
19980.70.53
19990.680.52
20000.820.64
20010.940.76
2001
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
rfordts a GDP %-ban
beruhzs a nemzetgazdasgi beruhzsok %-ban
A K+F rfordtsok s beruhzsok alakulsa
2002
rfordts a GDP %-ban
19921.08
19931
19940.93
19950.75
19960.67
19970.74
19980.7
19990.68
20000.82
20010.94
20021.01
2002
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
rfordts a GDP %-ban
Teljes K+F rfordts a GDP %-ban
Munka3
Munka4
Munka5
-
Magyarorszg nhny innovcis mutatja eurpai sszehasonltsbanForrs: European Innovation Scoreboard, 2003.
-
Diagram2
8.1
8.1
8
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.5
7.2
7.1
6.5
6.5
6.1
6
5.9
5.2
termszettudomnyos mveltsgi felmrs (Eurobarometer, 2003)
Munka1
termszettudomnyos mveltsgi felmrs (Eurobarometer, 2003)
CZ8.1
SLO8.1
HU8
EE7.9
EU-157.9
SK7.8
PL7.5
LT7.2
CC-137.1
BG6.5
LV6.5
CY6.1
MT6
RO5.9
TR5.2
Munka1
termszettudomnyos mveltsgi felmrs (Eurobarometer, 2003)
Munka2
Munka3
-
Diagram1
1882
3466
4654
6139
6436
6535
6733
8515
8812
Budapest
vidk
Budapest rszarnya az orszgban (%)
Munka1
Budapestvidk
lakossg arnya1882
GDP3466
K+F helyek szma4654
sszes ltszm6139
kutat-fejleszt ltszm6436
sszes K+F rfordts6535
K+F beruhzs6733
akadmikusok szma8515
EU IST programsiker8812
Munka1
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Budapest
vidk
Budapest rszarnya az orszgban (%)
Munka2
Munka3
Munka4
Munka5
-
A K+F rfordtsok regionlis megoszlsa (GERD/GDP, %) 2001-es adatok.
_1066498241.doc
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Bp
.: 1,28
1,09
tlag GERD/GDP 1999-
ben
0,68
0,29
0,25
0,29
0,18
0,59
0,63
_1079244430.doc
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Bp
.: 1,28
1,09
0,29
0,25
0,29
0,18
0,59
0,63
_1106554600.doc
,
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Bp
.: 1,5
1,29
0,36
0,2
0,41
0,238
0,654
0,65
_1106555467.doc
,
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Bpp
.: 1,5
1,29
0,36
0,2
0,41
0,23338
0,64
0,6555
_1106556212.doc
,
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Bpp
.: 1,5
1,29
0,36
0,2
0,41
0,23338
0,64
0,6555
_1082539640.doc
,
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Bp
.: 1,5
1,29
0,36
0,2
0,41
0,238
0,64
0,65
_1079244278.doc
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Bp
.: 1,28
1,09
ben
0,68
0,29
0,25
0,29
0,18
0,59
0,63
_1054549367.doc
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Bp
.: 1,46
1,26
tlag GERD/GDP 1999-
ben
0,68
0,3
0,29
0,33
0,2
0,64
0,7
_1054549407.doc
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Bp
.: 1,46
1,26
tlag GERD/GDP 1999-
ben
0,68
0,3
0,29
0,33
0,2
0,64
0,7
_1054549176.doc
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Bp
.: 1,46
1,26
tlag GERD/GDP 1999-
ben
0,68
0,3
0,29
0,33
0,2
0,64
0,7
-
Diagram19
4.24
4.12
2.98
2.7
2.56
2.53
2.04
1.77
1.72
1.5
1.46
1.31
1.07
0.89
0.73
0.69
0.63
0.62
0.01
Labour productivity (GDP per hour worked) - average annual real growth (%), 1995 to latest available year
111
Total researchers (FTE) per 000 workforce. Latest available year
Finland10.62
Japan9.26
Sweden8.44
US8.08
Denmark6.46
France6.14
Belgium6.11
Germany6.07
United Kingdom5.54
EU5.28
Ireland5.12
Netherlands5.05
Austria4.86
Slovenia4.60
Spain3.77
Hungary3.66
Italy3.33
Portugal3.27
Greece2.57
Luxembourg (na)
111
Total researchers (FTE) per 000 workforce, latest available year
112
Total researchers (FTE) average annual growth (%), 1995 to latest available year
Ireland16.51
Finland12.68
Austria7.86
Portugal7.61
Hungary7.11
Spain6.79
Greece6.29
US6.21
Netherlands4.71
Sweden4.66
Belgium4.59
Denmark3.96
EU2.89
United Kingdom2.66
Japan2.57
France1.22
Germany1.00
Italy0.34
Slovenia-0.46
Luxembourg (na)
112
Total researchers (FTE) average annual growth (%), 1995 to latest available year
113
Total researchers (FTE) per 000 workforce and R&D intensity
researchersintensity
FinlandFIN10.623.30
JapanJP9.262.91
SwedenS8.443.70
USUS8.082.62
DenmarkDK6.462.07
FranceF6.142.17
BelgiumB6.111.98
HungaryHU6.100.82
GermanyD6.072.46
United KingdomUK5.541.87
EUEU5.281.92
IrelandIRL5.121.39
NetherlandsNL5.051.94
AustriaA4.861.78
SloveniaSI4.601.51
SpainE3.770.90
ItalyI3.331.04
PortugalP3.270.78
GreeceEL2.570.51
Luxembourg (na)
113
EL
P
E
I
IRL
SI
A
UK
NL
B
DK
F
D
US
JP
S
FIN
EU
HU: 2000
HU
Total researchers (FTE) per 000 workforce
R&D intensity (%)
Total researchers (FTE) per 000 workforce and R&D intensity (%), 1998
121
Total new Science and Technology PhDs per 000 population aged 25 to 34 years, latest available year
Sweden1.17
Finland0.97
Germany0.75
France0.71
United Kingdom0.63
Ireland0.61
Austria0.56
Denmark0.56
EU0.55
US0.47
Spain0.43
Slovenia0.36
Belgium0.36
Netherlands0.35
Japan0.24
Portugal0.23
Hungary0.20
Italy0.17
Greece
Luxembourg (na)
121
Total new Science and Technology PhDs per 000 population aged 25 to 34 years, latest available year
Total new Science and Technology PhDs per 000 population aged 25 to 34 years, latest available year
122
New Science and Technology PhDs - growth (%) 1998-1999
Portugal12.12
Sweden8.27
Denmark3.94
Spain2.86
Japan0.74
US0.63
EU0.37
Germany-0.15
Austria-1.61
Ireland-3.43
Finland-4.51
Netherlands-5.25
Belgium-7.19
France-7.62
Slovenia-13.11
United Kingdom (na)
Italy (na)
Greece (na)
Luxembourg (na)
122
SI: 1998 - 1999 = - 13,11% 1995 - 1999 = + 3,33%HU: 1998 -1999 = + 117,4% 1999 - 2000 = - 37,6%
New Science and Technology PhDs - growth (%) 1998-1999
211
R&D intensity (%), latest available year
Sweden3.70
Finland3.30
Japan2.91
US2.62
Germany2.46
France2.17
Denmark2.07
Belgium1.98
Netherlands1.94
EU1.92
United Kingdom1.87
Austria1.78
Ireland1.39
Italy1.04
Spain0.90
Hungary0.82
Portugal0.78
Greece0.51
Luxembourg (na)
211
SI: 1999 HU: 2000
R&D intensity (%), latest available year
211a
R&D intensity (%), latest available year
Sweden3.70
Finland3.30
Japan2.91
US2.62
Germany2.46
France2.17
Denmark2.07
Belgium1.98
Netherlands1.94
EU1.92
United Kingdom1.87
Austria1.78
Slovenia1.51
Slovenia1.42
Ireland1.39
Czech Republic1.27
Italy1.04
Spain0.90
Slovak Republic0.86
Hungary0.82
Portugal0.78
Poland0.73
Estonia0.62
Bulgaria0.59
Lithuania0.57
Greece0.51
Romania0.50
Latvia0.45
Cyprus0.23
Luxembourg (na)
211a
SI: 1999 HU: 2000
R&D intensity (%), latest available year
212
R&D expenditure - average annual real growth (%), 1995 to latest vailable year
Luxembourg (na)
France0.62
United Kingdom1.23
Italy2.56
Netherlands2.81
EU3.03
Germany3.54
Japan4.13
Sweden4.56
Greece5.09
Austria5.13
US5.55
Denmark5.72
Belgium6.07
Spain6.32
Slovenia6.50
Portugal10.01
Ireland10.92
Finland13.02
Hungary18.09
212
SI: 1996 - 1999 (data for 1995 overestimated)
R&D expenditure - average annual real growth (%), 1995 to latest vailable year
213
R&D intensity (%) - average annual growth (%), 1995 to latest available year
Average annual growth of R & D intensity, 1995-99 (%)R & D intensity, 1999 (%) (1)
FinlandFIN13.023.30
JapanJP4.132.91
SwedenS4.563.70
USUS5.552.62
DenmarkDK5.722.07
FranceF0.622.17
BelgiumB6.071.98
GermanyD3.542.46
United KingdomUK1.231.87
EUEU3.031.92
IrelandIRL10.921.39
NetherlandsNL2.811.94
AustriaA5.131.78
SloveniaSI6.501.51
SpainE6.320.90
ItalyI2.561.04
PortugalP10.010.78
GreeceEL5.090.51
Luxembourg (na)
HungaryHU-5.570.68
213
R&D intensity (%) - average annual growth (%), 1995 to latest available year R & D intensity, 1999 (%) (1)
R & D intensity, 1999 (%) (1)
Average annual growth (%), 1995-99 (%)
R&D intensity and average annual growth of R & D intensity
221
Industry financed R&D as % of industrial output, latest available year
Sweden3.98
Finland3.18
Japan2.49
Germany2.09
US2.08
Denmark2.04
Belgium1.68
France1.57
EU1.42
United Kingdom1.27
Netherlands1.22
Ireland1.16
Austria0.93
Slovenia0.62
Italy0.60
Spain0.58
Hungary0.32
Portugal0.20
Greece0.19
Luxembourg (na)
HU
I
E
P
EL
IRL
SI
UK
F
A
NL
EU
B
DK
D
US
JP
S
FIN
221
SI: 1999 HU: 2000
Industry financed R&D as % of industrial output, latest available year
231
Share of government budget allocated to R&D, latest available year
France4.95
US4.20
Japan3.86
Netherlands3.25
Slovenia2.27
Finland2.11
EU1.99
Germany1.90
United Kingdom1.87
Spain1.83
Hungary1.77
Portugal1.47
Sweden1.40
Denmark1.37
Belgium1.36
Italy1.36
Austria1.19
Ireland0.77
Greece0.76
Luxembourg (na)
231
SI: 1999 HU: 2000
Share of government budget allocated to R&D, latest available year
311
European patents per million population
20001999
Sweden375289
Finland298265
Germany258244
Netherlands191170
Denmark185155
Austria134132
US144130
Japan134126
EU135125
Belgium126120
France120118
United Kingdom10995
Italy6261
Ireland6554
Slovenia22
Spain2019
Greece76
Portugal33
Hungary1.9
Luxembourg (na)
311
HU: 1998
2000
1999
European patents per million population, 1999 (2000 - estimated)
313
US patents per million population
20001999
US315312
Japan249248
Sweden196171
Germany133122
Luxembourg13264
Finland129135
Denmark94106
Netherlands9393
Belgium8880
Austria7770
EU7369
United Kingdom7269
France6969
Ireland4335
Italy3228
Spain87
Greece23
Portugal11
Slovenia7
Hungary3.9
313
2000
1999
US patents per million population, 1999 (2000 - estimated)
314
Average annual growth in US patents (%), 1995 to latest available year
Slovenia91.29
Portugal37.97
Ireland19.97
Denmark18.23
Greece17.84
Sweden15.48
Luxembourg14.09
Finland12.45
Belgium12.37
Spain12.35
Austria10.62
Netherlands10.55
EU9.93
Italy9.83
Germany9.66
United Kingdom9.23
US8.96
Japan7.56
France7.12
Hungary6.34
314
Average annual growth in US patents (%), 1995 to latest available year
321
Number of scientific publications per million population, latest available year
Sweden1431
Denmark1214
Finland1157
Netherlands963
United Kingdom949
Belgium810
Austria717
US708
Germany657
France652
EU613
Ireland542
Slovenia516
Japan498
Spain471
Italy457
Hungary377
Greece340
Portugal248
Luxembourg133
321
SI: 1999 HU: 1999
Number of scientific publications per million population, latest available year
322
Average annual growth (%) of number of scientific publications, 1995 to latest available year
Portugal15.93
Slovenia13.77
Greece7.33
Ireland7.26
Spain7.01
Austria6.05
Hungary5.65
Finland4.92
Belgium4.37
Germany4.34
Japan4.26
Italy4.17
Denmark3.57
Luxembourg3.27
Sweden3.04
EU2.92
France2.74
United Kingdom1.52
Netherlands1.41
United States-0.08
322
Average annual growth (%) of number of scientific publications, 1995 to latest available year
323
Number of highly cited papers as percentage of total number of scientific publications, 1997 - 99
Denmark1.62
Netherlands1.52
United Kingdom1.50
Belgium1.45
Luxembourg1.36
Ireland1.31
US1.27
Finland1.25
Germany1.24
EU1.20
Sweden1.16
Italy1.12
France1.09
Portugal1.09
Austria1.02
Spain0.80
Japan0.65
Slovenia0.59
Greece0.55
Hungary0.37
323
Number of highly cited papers as percentage of total number of scientific publications, 1997 - 99
412
Labour productivity (GDP per hour worked) - average annual real growth (%), 1995 to latest available year
Ireland4.24
Luxembourg4.12
Hungary2.98
Portugal2.70
Greece2.56
Austria2.53
Finland2.04
Japan1.77
Belgium1.72
France1.50
Germany1.46
Denmark1.31
EU1.07
Sweden0.89
Italy0.73
Spain0.69
US0.63
Netherlands0.62
United Kingdom0.01
412
Labour productivity (GDP per hour worked) - average annual real growth (%), 1995 to latest available year
growth
MrdFtNvekeds %tlagos nvekeds %
40.3US patentsNvekeds %tlagos nvekeds %
199542.34.9648.00
199646.08.75199551.006.25
199763.638.26199643.00-15.69
199871.211.95199725.00-41.86
199978.29.83199852.00108.00
2000105.434.7818.09199939.00-25.006.34
108.5318.089074757220006.34
31.706.3406520748
IntenzitsNvekeds %tlagos nvekeds %publicationsNvekeds %tlagos nvekeds %
0.932873.00
19950.75-19.3519953111.008.28
19960.67-10.6719963100.00-0.35
19970.7410.4519973254.004.97
19980.70-5.4119983507.007.78
19990.68-2.86-5.5719993773.007.585.65
20000.8220.59-1.2120005.65
-7.25-1.208009525128.265.6516115968
-
Diagram1
107.2
105
91.5
84.4
77.4
76.3
68.1
67.2
63.8
62.4
52.8
33
21.8
Number
1 milli USD felsoktatsii s kutatintzeti K+F rfordtsra jut publkcik szma (1999)(forrs: NSIOD, Institute for Scientific Information)
Munka1
Number
Hungary107.2
Switzerland105
UK91.5
Sweden84.4
Spain77.4
Finland76.3
Czech Rep.68.1
Austria67.2
Poland63.8
Australia62.4
USA52.8
Japan33
Korea21.8
Munka1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Number
Number of publications per 1 M USD R&D expenditure in universities and research institutes (1999)
Munka2
Munka3
Munka4
Munka5
-
De hogy llunk Kzp- s Kelet-Eurpban?A kvetkez nhny brn a tagjellt orszgokat hasonltom ssze egymssal s az EU-15 tlagval az Eurpai Bizottsg 2002. decemberben kiadott Innovation Scoreboard c. kiadvnynak adatai alapjn.
-
A high-tech ipargakban foglalkoztatottak arnya (%) Forrs: EU Innovation Scoreboard, 2002.
Diagram3
9.16
8.8
8.74
7.57
7.54
7.14
6.75
5.5
4.91
4.79
3.18
1.72
1.19
1.03
Alapadatok
EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR
j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47
diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.503.105.303.003.7016.309.705.201.103.703.20
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.575.501.039.164.798.803.181.727.147.544.918.746.751.19
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.612.711.833.223.383.242.012.193.061.432.713.03
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.410.200.540.530.450.530.290.450.100.680.240.53
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.110.050.810.150.360.070.200.250.300.830.450.27
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.703.206.0012.106.9016.101.102.502.300.9020.605.90
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.120.580.300.542.600.050.040.500.190.02
high-tech kockzati tke a GDP arnyban0.240.020.040.900.620.050.150.13
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.407.5022.1013.6030.1014.806.807.2025.409.804.5030.0016.703.80
informatikai s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60
a high-tech arnya a jvedelemtermelsben10.105.9014.8522.3522.446.35
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.3026.4023.7042.6053.2043.4020.6029.1084.7021.3017.7015.5024.204.70
brk
EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR
diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.503.105.303.003.7016.309.705.201.103.703.20
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.575.501.039.164.798.803.181.727.147.544.918.746.751.19
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.612.711.833.223.383.242.012.193.061.432.713.03
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.410.200.540.530.450.530.290.450.100.680.240.53
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.110.050.810.150.360.070.200.250.300.830.450.27
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.703.206.0012.106.9016.101.102.502.300.9020.605.90
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.120.580.300.542.600.050.040.500.190.02
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.407.5022.1013.6030.1014.806.807.2025.409.804.5030.0016.703.80
IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.3026.4023.7042.6053.2043.4020.6029.1084.7021.3017.7015.5024.204.70
Tagjellt orszgok az EU-15 tlaghoz viszonytva (%)
EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTRCC-13 tlagaCC-13Mo/CC-13EU-15Mo/EU-15
diplomsok arnya21.221.001.260.551.390.662.120.860.330.550.470.670.500.380.83diplomsok arnya10.80diplomsok arnya10.66
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.500.000.360.000.620.350.441.921.140.610.130.440.000.380.49felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya10.72felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya10.35
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.570.730.141.210.631.160.420.230.941.000.651.150.890.160.72foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban11.62foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban11.16
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.610.750.510.890.940.900.560.610.850.000.400.750.840.000.61foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban11.46foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban10.90
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.610.300.810.790.670.790.430.000.670.151.010.360.790.57llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban11.18llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban10.67
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.090.040.630.120.280.050.160.000.200.230.650.350.210.23vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban11.22vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban10.28
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.700.020.040.080.050.110.010.020.000.020.010.130.040.000.04EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.70EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.11
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.010.000.050.000.020.040.000.210.000.000.040.020.000.03USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.79USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.02
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.400.240.700.430.960.470.220.230.810.310.140.960.530.120.47otthoni internet / lakossg11.00otthoni internet / lakossg10.47
IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.000.480.001.191.201.110.740.990.510.740.280.590.940.450.71IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP11.57IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP11.11
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.300.870.781.411.761.430.680.962.800.700.580.510.800.161.03kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP11.39kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP11.43
N-1
Magyarorszg vs. CC-13
N
Magyarorszg vs. EU-15
1. Emberi erforrsok
diplomsok arnya a 25-64 ves korosztlyban
LT45.03
EE29.42
CY26.76
BG21.29
EU-15 tlaga21.22
LV18.15
SL14.12
HU13.96
PL11.73
CZ11.59
SK10.66
RO9.97
TR8.00
MT7.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya a legutols 4 htben (25-64 ves korosztly)
LV16.30
MT9.70
EU-15 tlaga8.50
EE5.30
PL5.20
LT3.70
SL3.70
TR3.20
CY3.10
HU3.00
RO1.10
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban
CZ9.16
HU8.80
SL8.74
EU-15 tlaga7.57
PL7.54
MT7.14
SK6.75
BG5.50
RO4.91
EE4.79
LT3.18
LV1.72
TR1.19
CY1.03
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban
EU-15 tlaga3.61
EE3.38
HU3.24
CZ3.22
MT3.06
SK3.03
BG2.71
SL2.71
LV2.19
LT2.01
CY1.83
RO1.43
2. Tuds-teremts
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban
SL0.68
EU-15 tlaga0.67
CZ0.54
EE0.53
LT0.53
TR0.53
HU0.45
PL0.45
BG0.41
LV0.29
SK0.24
CY0.20
RO0.10
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban
EU-15 tlaga1.28
SL0.83
CZ0.81
SK0.45
HU0.36
RO0.30
TR0.27
PL0.25
LV0.20
EE0.15
BG0.11
LT0.07
CY0.05
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosraEU-15 tlaga = 152,7
Egy lptkben brzolva a CC-13 szinte nem ltszik!
SL20.60
HU16.10
CZ12.10
EE6.90
CY6.00
SK5.90
BG3.20
LV2.50
PL2.30
LT1.10
RO0.90
USPTO high-tech szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra
EU-15 tlaga12.40
MT2.60
CZ0.58
LT0.54
SL0.50
HU0.30
SK0.19
BG0.12
PL0.05
RO0.04
TR0.02
CY0.00
EE0.00
LV0.00
3. Az innovci piaca s finanszrozsa
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban
EU-15 tlaga31.40
EE30.10
SL30.00
MT25.40
CY22.10
SK16.70
HU14.80
CZ13.60
PL9.80
BG7.50
LV7.20
LT6.80
RO4.50
TR3.80
IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP
EE9.60
CZ9.50
HU8.90
EU-15 tlaga8.00
LV7.90
SK7.50
LT5.90
PL5.90
SL4.70
MT4.10
BG3.80
TR3.60
RO2.20
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektetsek llomnya / GDP
MT84.70
EE53.20
HU43.40
CZ42.60
EU-15 tlaga30.30
LV29.10
BG26.40
SK24.20
CY23.70
PL21.30
LT20.60
RO17.70
SL15.50
TR4.70
brk
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
CC-13
Mo/CC-13
Munka3
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
EU-15
Mo/EU-15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.68
0.67
0.54
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.45
0.45
0.41
0.29
0.24
0.2
0.1
1.28
0.83
0.81
0.45
0.36
0.3
0.27
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.11
0.07
0.05
20.6
16.1
12.1
6.9
6
5.9
3.2
2.5
2.3
1.1
0.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
84.7
53.2
43.4
42.6
30.3
29.1
26.4
24.2
23.7
21.3
20.6
17.7
15.5
4.7
indiktorEU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR
j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47
diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.503.105.303.003.7016.309.705.201.103.703.20
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.575.501.039.164.798.803.181.727.147.544.918.746.751.19
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.612.711.833.223.383.242.012.193.061.432.713.03
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.410.200.540.530.450.530.290.450.100.680.240.53
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.110.050.810.150.360.070.200.250.300.830.450.27
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.703.206.0012.106.9016.101.102.502.300.9020.605.90
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.120.580.300.542.600.050.040.500.190.02
high-tech kockzati tke a GDP arnyban0.240.020.040.900.620.050.150.13
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.407.5022.1013.6030.1014.806.807.2025.409.804.5030.0016.703.80
informatikai s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60
a high-tech arnya a jvedelemtermelsben10.105.9014.8522.3522.446.35
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.3026.4023.7042.6053.2043.4020.6029.1084.7021.3017.7015.5024.204.70
-
Felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya a legutbbi ngy ht sorn (%)
Diagram2
16.3
9.7
8.5
5.3
5.2
3.7
3.7
3.2
3.1
3
1.1
Alapadatok
EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR
j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47
diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.503.105.303.003.7016.309.705.201.103.703.20
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.575.501.039.164.798.803.181.727.147.544.918.746.751.19
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.612.711.833.223.383.242.012.193.061.432.713.03
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.410.200.540.530.450.530.290.450.100.680.240.53
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.110.050.810.150.360.070.200.250.300.830.450.27
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.703.206.0012.106.9016.101.102.502.300.9020.605.90
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.120.580.300.542.600.050.040.500.190.02
high-tech kockzati tke a GDP arnyban0.240.020.040.900.620.050.150.13
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.407.5022.1013.6030.1014.806.807.2025.409.804.5030.0016.703.80
informatikai s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60
a high-tech arnya a jvedelemtermelsben10.105.9014.8522.3522.446.35
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.3026.4023.7042.6053.2043.4020.6029.1084.7021.3017.7015.5024.204.70
brk
EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR
diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.503.105.303.003.7016.309.705.201.103.703.20
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.575.501.039.164.798.803.181.727.147.544.918.746.751.19
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.612.711.833.223.383.242.012.193.061.432.713.03
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.410.200.540.530.450.530.290.450.100.680.240.53
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.110.050.810.150.360.070.200.250.300.830.450.27
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.703.206.0012.106.9016.101.102.502.300.9020.605.90
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.120.580.300.542.600.050.040.500.190.02
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.407.5022.1013.6030.1014.806.807.2025.409.804.5030.0016.703.80
IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.3026.4023.7042.6053.2043.4020.6029.1084.7021.3017.7015.5024.204.70
Tagjellt orszgok az EU-15 tlaghoz viszonytva (%)
EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTRCC-13 tlagaCC-13Mo/CC-13EU-15Mo/EU-15
diplomsok arnya21.221.001.260.551.390.662.120.860.330.550.470.670.500.380.83diplomsok arnya10.80diplomsok arnya10.66
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.500.000.360.000.620.350.441.921.140.610.130.440.000.380.49felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya10.72felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya10.35
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.570.730.141.210.631.160.420.230.941.000.651.150.890.160.72foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban11.62foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban11.16
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.610.750.510.890.940.900.560.610.850.000.400.750.840.000.61foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban11.46foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban10.90
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.610.300.810.790.670.790.430.000.670.151.010.360.790.57llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban11.18llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban10.67
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.090.040.630.120.280.050.160.000.200.230.650.350.210.23vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban11.22vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban10.28
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.700.020.040.080.050.110.010.020.000.020.010.130.040.000.04EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.70EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.11
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.010.000.050.000.020.040.000.210.000.000.040.020.000.03USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.79USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.02
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.400.240.700.430.960.470.220.230.810.310.140.960.530.120.47otthoni internet / lakossg11.00otthoni internet / lakossg10.47
IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.000.480.001.191.201.110.740.990.510.740.280.590.940.450.71IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP11.57IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP11.11
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.300.870.781.411.761.430.680.962.800.700.580.510.800.161.03kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP11.39kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP11.43
N-1
Magyarorszg vs. CC-13
N
Magyarorszg vs. EU-15
1. Emberi erforrsok
diplomsok arnya a 25-64 ves korosztlyban
LT45.03
EE29.42
CY26.76
BG21.29
EU-15 tlaga21.22
LV18.15
SL14.12
HU13.96
PL11.73
CZ11.59
SK10.66
RO9.97
TR8.00
MT7.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya a legutols 4 htben (25-64 ves korosztly)
LV16.30
MT9.70
EU-15 tlaga8.50
EE5.30
PL5.20
LT3.70
SL3.70
TR3.20
CY3.10
HU3.00
RO1.10
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban
CZ9.16
HU8.80
SL8.74
EU-15 tlaga7.57
PL7.54
MT7.14
SK6.75
BG5.50
RO4.91
EE4.79
LT3.18
LV1.72
TR1.19
CY1.03
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban
EU-15 tlaga3.61
EE3.38
HU3.24
CZ3.22
MT3.06
SK3.03
BG2.71
SL2.71
LV2.19
LT2.01
CY1.83
RO1.43
2. Tuds-teremts
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban
SL0.68
EU-15 tlaga0.67
CZ0.54
EE0.53
LT0.53
TR0.53
HU0.45
PL0.45
BG0.41
LV0.29
SK0.24
CY0.20
RO0.10
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban
EU-15 tlaga1.28
SL0.83
CZ0.81
SK0.45
HU0.36
RO0.30
TR0.27
PL0.25
LV0.20
EE0.15
BG0.11
LT0.07
CY0.05
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosraEU-15 tlaga = 152,7
Egy lptkben brzolva a CC-13 szinte nem ltszik!
SL20.60
HU16.10
CZ12.10
EE6.90
CY6.00
SK5.90
BG3.20
LV2.50
PL2.30
LT1.10
RO0.90
USPTO high-tech szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra
EU-15 tlaga12.40
MT2.60
CZ0.58
LT0.54
SL0.50
HU0.30
SK0.19
BG0.12
PL0.05
RO0.04
TR0.02
CY0.00
EE0.00
LV0.00
3. Az innovci piaca s finanszrozsa
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban
EU-15 tlaga31.40
EE30.10
SL30.00
MT25.40
CY22.10
SK16.70
HU14.80
CZ13.60
PL9.80
BG7.50
LV7.20
LT6.80
RO4.50
TR3.80
IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP
EE9.60
CZ9.50
HU8.90
EU-15 tlaga8.00
LV7.90
SK7.50
LT5.90
PL5.90
SL4.70
MT4.10
BG3.80
TR3.60
RO2.20
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektetsek llomnya / GDP
MT84.70
EE53.20
HU43.40
CZ42.60
EU-15 tlaga30.30
LV29.10
BG26.40
SK24.20
CY23.70
PL21.30
LT20.60
RO17.70
SL15.50
TR4.70
brk
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
CC-13
Mo/CC-13
Munka3
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
EU-15
Mo/EU-15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.61
3.38
3.24
3.22
3.06
3.03
2.71
2.71
2.19
2.01
1.83
1.43
0.68
0.67
0.54
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.45
0.45
0.41
0.29
0.24
0.2
0.1
1.28
0.83
0.81
0.45
0.36
0.3
0.27
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.11
0.07
0.05
20.6
16.1
12.1
6.9
6
5.9
3.2
2.5
2.3
1.1
0.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
84.7
53.2
43.4
42.6
30.3
29.1
26.4
24.2
23.7
21.3
20.6
17.7
15.5
4.7
indiktorEU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR
j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47
diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.503.105.303.003.7016.309.705.201.103.703.20
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.575.501.039.164.798.803.181.727.147.544.918.746.751.19
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.612.711.833.223.383.242.012.193.061.432.713.03
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.410.200.540.530.450.530.290.450.100.680.240.53
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.110.050.810.150.360.070.200.250.300.830.450.27
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.703.206.0012.106.9016.101.102.502.300.9020.605.90
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.120.580.300.542.600.050.040.500.190.02
high-tech kockzati tke a GDP arnyban0.240.020.040.900.620.050.150.13
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.407.5022.1013.6030.1014.806.807.2025.409.804.5030.0016.703.80
informatikai s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60
a high-tech arnya a jvedelemtermelsben10.105.9014.8522.3522.446.35
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.3026.4023.7042.6053.2043.4020.6029.1084.7021.3017.7015.5024.204.70
-
Felsfok vgzettsgek arnya a 25-64 ves korosztlyban (%)
Diagram1
45.03
29.42
26.76
21.29
21.22
18.15
14.12
13.96
11.73
11.59
10.66
9.97
8
7
Alapadatok
EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR
j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47
diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.503.105.303.003.7016.309.705.201.103.703.20
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.575.501.039.164.798.803.181.727.147.544.918.746.751.19
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.612.711.833.223.383.242.012.193.061.432.713.03
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.410.200.540.530.450.530.290.450.100.680.240.53
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.110.050.810.150.360.070.200.250.300.830.450.27
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.703.206.0012.106.9016.101.102.502.300.9020.605.90
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.120.580.300.542.600.050.040.500.190.02
high-tech kockzati tke a GDP arnyban0.240.020.040.900.620.050.150.13
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.407.5022.1013.6030.1014.806.807.2025.409.804.5030.0016.703.80
informatikai s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60
a high-tech arnya a jvedelemtermelsben10.105.9014.8522.3522.446.35
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.3026.4023.7042.6053.2043.4020.6029.1084.7021.3017.7015.5024.204.70
brk
EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR
diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.503.105.303.003.7016.309.705.201.103.703.20
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.575.501.039.164.798.803.181.727.147.544.918.746.751.19
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.612.711.833.223.383.242.012.193.061.432.713.03
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.410.200.540.530.450.530.290.450.100.680.240.53
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.110.050.810.150.360.070.200.250.300.830.450.27
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.703.206.0012.106.9016.101.102.502.300.9020.605.90
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.120.580.300.542.600.050.040.500.190.02
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.407.5022.1013.6030.1014.806.807.2025.409.804.5030.0016.703.80
IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.3026.4023.7042.6053.2043.4020.6029.1084.7021.3017.7015.5024.204.70
Tagjellt orszgok az EU-15 tlaghoz viszonytva (%)
EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTRCC-13 tlagaCC-13Mo/CC-13EU-15Mo/EU-15
diplomsok arnya21.221.001.260.551.390.662.120.860.330.550.470.670.500.380.83diplomsok arnya10.80diplomsok arnya10.66
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.500.000.360.000.620.350.441.921.140.610.130.440.000.380.49felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya10.72felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya10.35
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.570.730.141.210.631.160.420.230.941.000.651.150.890.160.72foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban11.62foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban11.16
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.610.750.510.890.940.900.560.610.850.000.400.750.840.000.61foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban11.46foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban10.90
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.610.300.810.790.670.790.430.000.670.151.010.360.790.57llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban11.18llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban10.67
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.090.040.630.120.280.050.160.000.200.230.650.350.210.23vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban11.22vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban10.28
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.700.020.040.080.050.110.010.020.000.020.010.130.040.000.04EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.70EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.11
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.010.000.050.000.020.040.000.210.000.000.040.020.000.03USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.79USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.02
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.400.240.700.430.960.470.220.230.810.310.140.960.530.120.47otthoni internet / lakossg11.00otthoni internet / lakossg10.47
IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.000.480.001.191.201.110.740.990.510.740.280.590.940.450.71IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP11.57IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP11.11
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.300.870.781.411.761.430.680.962.800.700.580.510.800.161.03kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP11.39kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP11.43
N-1
Magyarorszg vs. CC-13
N
Magyarorszg vs. EU-15
1. Emberi erforrsok
diplomsok arnya a 25-64 ves korosztlyban
LT45.03
EE29.42
CY26.76
BG21.29
EU-15 tlaga21.22
LV18.15
SL14.12
HU13.96
PL11.73
CZ11.59
SK10.66
RO9.97
TR8.00
MT7.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya a legutols 4 htben (25-64 ves korosztly)
LV16.30
MT9.70
EU-15 tlaga8.50
EE5.30
PL5.20
LT3.70
SL3.70
TR3.20
CY3.10
HU3.00
RO1.10
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban
CZ9.16
HU8.80
SL8.74
EU-15 tlaga7.57
PL7.54
MT7.14
SK6.75
BG5.50
RO4.91
EE4.79
LT3.18
LV1.72
TR1.19
CY1.03
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban
EU-15 tlaga3.61
EE3.38
HU3.24
CZ3.22
MT3.06
SK3.03
BG2.71
SL2.71
LV2.19
LT2.01
CY1.83
RO1.43
2. Tuds-teremts
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban
SL0.68
EU-15 tlaga0.67
CZ0.54
EE0.53
LT0.53
TR0.53
HU0.45
PL0.45
BG0.41
LV0.29
SK0.24
CY0.20
RO0.10
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban
EU-15 tlaga1.28
SL0.83
CZ0.81
SK0.45
HU0.36
RO0.30
TR0.27
PL0.25
LV0.20
EE0.15
BG0.11
LT0.07
CY0.05
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosraEU-15 tlaga = 152,7
Egy lptkben brzolva a CC-13 szinte nem ltszik!
SL20.60
HU16.10
CZ12.10
EE6.90
CY6.00
SK5.90
BG3.20
LV2.50
PL2.30
LT1.10
RO0.90
USPTO high-tech szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra
EU-15 tlaga12.40
MT2.60
CZ0.58
LT0.54
SL0.50
HU0.30
SK0.19
BG0.12
PL0.05
RO0.04
TR0.02
CY0.00
EE0.00
LV0.00
3. Az innovci piaca s finanszrozsa
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban
EU-15 tlaga31.40
EE30.10
SL30.00
MT25.40
CY22.10
SK16.70
HU14.80
CZ13.60
PL9.80
BG7.50
LV7.20
LT6.80
RO4.50
TR3.80
IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP
EE9.60
CZ9.50
HU8.90
EU-15 tlaga8.00
LV7.90
SK7.50
LT5.90
PL5.90
SL4.70
MT4.10
BG3.80
TR3.60
RO2.20
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektetsek llomnya / GDP
MT84.70
EE53.20
HU43.40
CZ42.60
EU-15 tlaga30.30
LV29.10
BG26.40
SK24.20
CY23.70
PL21.30
LT20.60
RO17.70
SL15.50
TR4.70
brk
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
CC-13
Mo/CC-13
Munka3
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
EU-15
Mo/EU-15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.61
3.38
3.24
3.22
3.06
3.03
2.71
2.71
2.19
2.01
1.83
1.43
0.68
0.67
0.54
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.45
0.45
0.41
0.29
0.24
0.2
0.1
1.28
0.83
0.81
0.45
0.36
0.3
0.27
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.11
0.07
0.05
20.6
16.1
12.1
6.9
6
5.9
3.2
2.5
2.3
1.1
0.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
84.7
53.2
43.4
42.6
30.3
29.1
26.4
24.2
23.7
21.3
20.6
17.7
15.5
4.7
indiktorEU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR
j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47
diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.503.105.303.003.7016.309.705.201.103.703.20
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.575.501.039.164.798.803.181.727.147.544.918.746.751.19
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.612.711.833.223.383.242.012.193.061.432.713.03
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.410.200.540.530.450.530.290.450.100.680.240.53
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.110.050.810.150.360.070.200.250.300.830.450.27
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.703.206.0012.106.9016.101.102.502.300.9020.605.90
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.120.580.300.542.600.050.040.500.190.02
high-tech kockzati tke a GDP arnyban0.240.020.040.900.620.050.150.13
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.407.5022.1013.6030.1014.806.807.2025.409.804.5030.0016.703.80
informatikai s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60
a high-tech arnya a jvedelemtermelsben10.105.9014.8522.3522.446.35
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.3026.4023.7042.6053.2043.4020.6029.1084.7021.3017.7015.5024.204.70
-
A high-tech szolgltatsokban foglalkoztatottak arnya (%)
Diagram4
3.61
3.38
3.24
3.22
3.06
3.03
2.71
2.71
2.19
2.01
1.83
1.43
Alapadatok
EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR
j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47
diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.503.105.303.003.7016.309.705.201.103.703.20
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.575.501.039.164.798.803.181.727.147.544.918.746.751.19
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.612.711.833.223.383.242.012.193.061.432.713.03
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.410.200.540.530.450.530.290.450.100.680.240.53
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.110.050.810.150.360.070.200.250.300.830.450.27
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.703.206.0012.106.9016.101.102.502.300.9020.605.90
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.120.580.300.542.600.050.040.500.190.02
high-tech kockzati tke a GDP arnyban0.240.020.040.900.620.050.150.13
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.407.5022.1013.6030.1014.806.807.2025.409.804.5030.0016.703.80
informatikai s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60
a high-tech arnya a jvedelemtermelsben10.105.9014.8522.3522.446.35
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.3026.4023.7042.6053.2043.4020.6029.1084.7021.3017.7015.5024.204.70
brk
EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR
diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.503.105.303.003.7016.309.705.201.103.703.20
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.575.501.039.164.798.803.181.727.147.544.918.746.751.19
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.612.711.833.223.383.242.012.193.061.432.713.03
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.410.200.540.530.450.530.290.450.100.680.240.53
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.110.050.810.150.360.070.200.250.300.830.450.27
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.703.206.0012.106.9016.101.102.502.300.9020.605.90
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.120.580.300.542.600.050.040.500.190.02
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.407.5022.1013.6030.1014.806.807.2025.409.804.5030.0016.703.80
IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.3026.4023.7042.6053.2043.4020.6029.1084.7021.3017.7015.5024.204.70
Tagjellt orszgok az EU-15 tlaghoz viszonytva (%)
EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTRCC-13 tlagaCC-13Mo/CC-13EU-15Mo/EU-15
diplomsok arnya21.221.001.260.551.390.662.120.860.330.550.470.670.500.380.83diplomsok arnya10.80diplomsok arnya10.66
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.500.000.360.000.620.350.441.921.140.610.130.440.000.380.49felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya10.72felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya10.35
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.570.730.141.210.631.160.420.230.941.000.651.150.890.160.72foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban11.62foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban11.16
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.610.750.510.890.940.900.560.610.850.000.400.750.840.000.61foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban11.46foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban10.90
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.610.300.810.790.670.790.430.000.670.151.010.360.790.57llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban11.18llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban10.67
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.090.040.630.120.280.050.160.000.200.230.650.350.210.23vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban11.22vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban10.28
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.700.020.040.080.050.110.010.020.000.020.010.130.040.000.04EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.70EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.11
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.010.000.050.000.020.040.000.210.000.000.040.020.000.03USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.79USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.02
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.400.240.700.430.960.470.220.230.810.310.140.960.530.120.47otthoni internet / lakossg11.00otthoni internet / lakossg10.47
IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.000.480.001.191.201.110.740.990.510.740.280.590.940.450.71IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP11.57IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP11.11
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.300.870.781.411.761.430.680.962.800.700.580.510.800.161.03kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP11.39kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP11.43
N-1
Magyarorszg vs. CC-13
N
Magyarorszg vs. EU-15
1. Emberi erforrsok
diplomsok arnya a 25-64 ves korosztlyban
LT45.03
EE29.42
CY26.76
BG21.29
EU-15 tlaga21.22
LV18.15
SL14.12
HU13.96
PL11.73
CZ11.59
SK10.66
RO9.97
TR8.00
MT7.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya a legutols 4 htben (25-64 ves korosztly)
LV16.30
MT9.70
EU-15 tlaga8.50
EE5.30
PL5.20
LT3.70
SL3.70
TR3.20
CY3.10
HU3.00
RO1.10
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban
CZ9.16
HU8.80
SL8.74
EU-15 tlaga7.57
PL7.54
MT7.14
SK6.75
BG5.50
RO4.91
EE4.79
LT3.18
LV1.72
TR1.19
CY1.03
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban
EU-15 tlaga3.61
EE3.38
HU3.24
CZ3.22
MT3.06
SK3.03
BG2.71
SL2.71
LV2.19
LT2.01
CY1.83
RO1.43
2. Tuds-teremts
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban
SL0.68
EU-15 tlaga0.67
CZ0.54
EE0.53
LT0.53
TR0.53
HU0.45
PL0.45
BG0.41
LV0.29
SK0.24
CY0.20
RO0.10
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban
EU-15 tlaga1.28
SL0.83
CZ0.81
SK0.45
HU0.36
RO0.30
TR0.27
PL0.25
LV0.20
EE0.15
BG0.11
LT0.07
CY0.05
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosraEU-15 tlaga = 152,7
Egy lptkben brzolva a CC-13 szinte nem ltszik!
SL20.60
HU16.10
CZ12.10
EE6.90
CY6.00
SK5.90
BG3.20
LV2.50
PL2.30
LT1.10
RO0.90
USPTO high-tech szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra
EU-15 tlaga12.40
MT2.60
CZ0.58
LT0.54
SL0.50
HU0.30
SK0.19
BG0.12
PL0.05
RO0.04
TR0.02
CY0.00
EE0.00
LV0.00
3. Az innovci piaca s finanszrozsa
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban
EU-15 tlaga31.40
EE30.10
SL30.00
MT25.40
CY22.10
SK16.70
HU14.80
CZ13.60
PL9.80
BG7.50
LV7.20
LT6.80
RO4.50
TR3.80
IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP
EE9.60
CZ9.50
HU8.90
EU-15 tlaga8.00
LV7.90
SK7.50
LT5.90
PL5.90
SL4.70
MT4.10
BG3.80
TR3.60
RO2.20
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektetsek llomnya / GDP
MT84.70
EE53.20
HU43.40
CZ42.60
EU-15 tlaga30.30
LV29.10
BG26.40
SK24.20
CY23.70
PL21.30
LT20.60
RO17.70
SL15.50
TR4.70
brk
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
CC-13
Mo/CC-13
Munka3
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
EU-15
Mo/EU-15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.68
0.67
0.54
0.53
0.53
0.53
0.45
0.45
0.41
0.29
0.24
0.2
0.1
1.28
0.83
0.81
0.45
0.36
0.3
0.27
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.11
0.07
0.05
20.6
16.1
12.1
6.9
6
5.9
3.2
2.5
2.3
1.1
0.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
84.7
53.2
43.4
42.6
30.3
29.1
26.4
24.2
23.7
21.3
20.6
17.7
15.5
4.7
indiktorEU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR
j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47
diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.503.105.303.003.7016.309.705.201.103.703.20
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.575.501.039.164.798.803.181.727.147.544.918.746.751.19
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.612.711.833.223.383.242.012.193.061.432.713.03
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.410.200.540.530.450.530.290.450.100.680.240.53
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.110.050.810.150.360.070.200.250.300.830.450.27
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.703.206.0012.106.9016.101.102.502.300.9020.605.90
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.120.580.300.542.600.050.040.500.190.02
high-tech kockzati tke a GDP arnyban0.240.020.040.900.620.050.150.13
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.407.5022.1013.6030.1014.806.807.2025.409.804.5030.0016.703.80
informatikai s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60
a high-tech arnya a jvedelemtermelsben10.105.9014.8522.3522.446.35
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.3026.4023.7042.6053.2043.4020.6029.1084.7021.3017.7015.5024.204.70
-
Az Eurpai Szabadalmi Hivatalnl bejelentett szabadalmak szma 1 milli lakosra
Diagram7
20.6
16.1
12.1
6.9
6
5.9
3.2
2.5
2.3
1.1
0.9
Alapadatok
EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR
j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47
diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.503.105.303.003.7016.309.705.201.103.703.20
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.575.501.039.164.798.803.181.727.147.544.918.746.751.19
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.612.711.833.223.383.242.012.193.061.432.713.03
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.410.200.540.530.450.530.290.450.100.680.240.53
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.110.050.810.150.360.070.200.250.300.830.450.27
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.703.206.0012.106.9016.101.102.502.300.9020.605.90
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.120.580.300.542.600.050.040.500.190.02
high-tech kockzati tke a GDP arnyban0.240.020.040.900.620.050.150.13
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.407.5022.1013.6030.1014.806.807.2025.409.804.5030.0016.703.80
informatikai s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60
a high-tech arnya a jvedelemtermelsben10.105.9014.8522.3522.446.35
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.3026.4023.7042.6053.2043.4020.6029.1084.7021.3017.7015.5024.204.70
brk
EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR
diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.503.105.303.003.7016.309.705.201.103.703.20
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.575.501.039.164.798.803.181.727.147.544.918.746.751.19
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.612.711.833.223.383.242.012.193.061.432.713.03
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.410.200.540.530.450.530.290.450.100.680.240.53
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.110.050.810.150.360.070.200.250.300.830.450.27
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.703.206.0012.106.9016.101.102.502.300.9020.605.90
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.120.580.300.542.600.050.040.500.190.02
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.407.5022.1013.6030.1014.806.807.2025.409.804.5030.0016.703.80
IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.3026.4023.7042.6053.2043.4020.6029.1084.7021.3017.7015.5024.204.70
Tagjellt orszgok az EU-15 tlaghoz viszonytva (%)
EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTRCC-13 tlagaCC-13Mo/CC-13EU-15Mo/EU-15
diplomsok arnya21.221.001.260.551.390.662.120.860.330.550.470.670.500.380.83diplomsok arnya10.80diplomsok arnya10.66
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.500.000.360.000.620.350.441.921.140.610.130.440.000.380.49felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya10.72felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya10.35
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.570.730.141.210.631.160.420.230.941.000.651.150.890.160.72foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban11.62foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban11.16
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.610.750.510.890.940.900.560.610.850.000.400.750.840.000.61foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban11.46foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban10.90
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.610.300.810.790.670.790.430.000.670.151.010.360.790.57llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban11.18llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban10.67
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.090.040.630.120.280.050.160.000.200.230.650.350.210.23vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban11.22vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban10.28
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.700.020.040.080.050.110.010.020.000.020.010.130.040.000.04EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.70EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.11
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.010.000.050.000.020.040.000.210.000.000.040.020.000.03USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.79USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.02
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.400.240.700.430.960.470.220.230.810.310.140.960.530.120.47otthoni internet / lakossg11.00otthoni internet / lakossg10.47
IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.000.480.001.191.201.110.740.990.510.740.280.590.940.450.71IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP11.57IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP11.11
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.300.870.781.411.761.430.680.962.800.700.580.510.800.161.03kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP11.39kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP11.43
N-1
Magyarorszg vs. CC-13
N
Magyarorszg vs. EU-15
1. Emberi erforrsok
diplomsok arnya a 25-64 ves korosztlyban
LT45.03
EE29.42
CY26.76
BG21.29
EU-15 tlaga21.22
LV18.15
SL14.12
HU13.96
PL11.73
CZ11.59
SK10.66
RO9.97
TR8.00
MT7.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya a legutols 4 htben (25-64 ves korosztly)
LV16.30
MT9.70
EU-15 tlaga8.50
EE5.30
PL5.20
LT3.70
SL3.70
TR3.20
CY3.10
HU3.00
RO1.10
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban
CZ9.16
HU8.80
SL8.74
EU-15 tlaga7.57
PL7.54
MT7.14
SK6.75
BG5.50
RO4.91
EE4.79
LT3.18
LV1.72
TR1.19
CY1.03
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban
EU-15 tlaga3.61
EE3.38
HU3.24
CZ3.22
MT3.06
SK3.03
BG2.71
SL2.71
LV2.19
LT2.01
CY1.83
RO1.43
2. Tuds-teremts
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban
SL0.68
EU-15 tlaga0.67
CZ0.54
EE0.53
LT0.53
TR0.53
HU0.45
PL0.45
BG0.41
LV0.29
SK0.24
CY0.20
RO0.10
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban
EU-15 tlaga1.28
SL0.83
CZ0.81
SK0.45
HU0.36
RO0.30
TR0.27
PL0.25
LV0.20
EE0.15
BG0.11
LT0.07
CY0.05
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosraEU-15 tlaga = 152,7
Egy lptkben brzolva a CC-13 szinte nem ltszik!
SL20.60
HU16.10
CZ12.10
EE6.90
CY6.00
SK5.90
BG3.20
LV2.50
PL2.30
LT1.10
RO0.90
USPTO high-tech szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra
EU-15 tlaga12.40
MT2.60
CZ0.58
LT0.54
SL0.50
HU0.30
SK0.19
BG0.12
PL0.05
RO0.04
TR0.02
CY0.00
EE0.00
LV0.00
3. Az innovci piaca s finanszrozsa
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban
EU-15 tlaga31.40
EE30.10
SL30.00
MT25.40
CY22.10
SK16.70
HU14.80
CZ13.60
PL9.80
BG7.50
LV7.20
LT6.80
RO4.50
TR3.80
IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP
EE9.60
CZ9.50
HU8.90
EU-15 tlaga8.00
LV7.90
SK7.50
LT5.90
PL5.90
SL4.70
MT4.10
BG3.80
TR3.60
RO2.20
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektetsek llomnya / GDP
MT84.70
EE53.20
HU43.40
CZ42.60
EU-15 tlaga30.30
LV29.10
BG26.40
SK24.20
CY23.70
PL21.30
LT20.60
RO17.70
SL15.50
TR4.70
brk
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
CC-13
Mo/CC-13
Munka3
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
EU-15
Mo/EU-15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
84.7
53.2
43.4
42.6
30.3
29.1
26.4
24.2
23.7
21.3
20.6
17.7
15.5
4.7
indiktorEU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR
j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47
diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.503.105.303.003.7016.309.705.201.103.703.20
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.575.501.039.164.798.803.181.727.147.544.918.746.751.19
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.612.711.833.223.383.242.012.193.061.432.713.03
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.410.200.540.530.450.530.290.450.100.680.240.53
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.110.050.810.150.360.070.200.250.300.830.450.27
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.703.206.0012.106.9016.101.102.502.300.9020.605.90
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.120.580.300.542.600.050.040.500.190.02
high-tech kockzati tke a GDP arnyban0.240.020.040.900.620.050.150.13
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.407.5022.1013.6030.1014.806.807.2025.409.804.5030.0016.703.80
informatikai s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60
a high-tech arnya a jvedelemtermelsben10.105.9014.8522.3522.446.35
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.3026.4023.7042.6053.2043.4020.6029.1084.7021.3017.7015.5024.204.70
-
Az USA-ban bejelentett szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra
Diagram8
2.6
0.58
0.54
0.5
0.3
0.19
0.12
0.05
0.04
0.02
0
0
0
Alapadatok
EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR
j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47
diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.503.105.303.003.7016.309.705.201.103.703.20
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.575.501.039.164.798.803.181.727.147.544.918.746.751.19
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.612.711.833.223.383.242.012.193.061.432.713.03
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.410.200.540.530.450.530.290.450.100.680.240.53
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.110.050.810.150.360.070.200.250.300.830.450.27
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.703.206.0012.106.9016.101.102.502.300.9020.605.90
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.120.580.300.542.600.050.040.500.190.02
high-tech kockzati tke a GDP arnyban0.240.020.040.900.620.050.150.13
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.407.5022.1013.6030.1014.806.807.2025.409.804.5030.0016.703.80
informatikai s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60
a high-tech arnya a jvedelemtermelsben10.105.9014.8522.3522.446.35
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.3026.4023.7042.6053.2043.4020.6029.1084.7021.3017.7015.5024.204.70
brk
EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR
diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.503.105.303.003.7016.309.705.201.103.703.20
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.575.501.039.164.798.803.181.727.147.544.918.746.751.19
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.612.711.833.223.383.242.012.193.061.432.713.03
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.410.200.540.530.450.530.290.450.100.680.240.53
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.110.050.810.150.360.070.200.250.300.830.450.27
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.703.206.0012.106.9016.101.102.502.300.9020.605.90
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.120.580.300.542.600.050.040.500.190.02
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.407.5022.1013.6030.1014.806.807.2025.409.804.5030.0016.703.80
IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.3026.4023.7042.6053.2043.4020.6029.1084.7021.3017.7015.5024.204.70
Tagjellt orszgok az EU-15 tlaghoz viszonytva (%)
EU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTRCC-13 tlagaCC-13Mo/CC-13EU-15Mo/EU-15
diplomsok arnya21.221.001.260.551.390.662.120.860.330.550.470.670.500.380.83diplomsok arnya10.80diplomsok arnya10.66
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.500.000.360.000.620.350.441.921.140.610.130.440.000.380.49felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya10.72felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya10.35
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.570.730.141.210.631.160.420.230.941.000.651.150.890.160.72foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban11.62foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban11.16
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.610.750.510.890.940.900.560.610.850.000.400.750.840.000.61foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban11.46foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban10.90
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.610.300.810.790.670.790.430.000.670.151.010.360.790.57llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban11.18llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban10.67
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.090.040.630.120.280.050.160.000.200.230.650.350.210.23vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban11.22vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban10.28
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.700.020.040.080.050.110.010.020.000.020.010.130.040.000.04EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.70EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.11
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.010.000.050.000.020.040.000.210.000.000.040.020.000.03USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.79USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra10.02
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.400.240.700.430.960.470.220.230.810.310.140.960.530.120.47otthoni internet / lakossg11.00otthoni internet / lakossg10.47
IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.000.480.001.191.201.110.740.990.510.740.280.590.940.450.71IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP11.57IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP11.11
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.300.870.781.411.761.430.680.962.800.700.580.510.800.161.03kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP11.39kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP11.43
N-1
Magyarorszg vs. CC-13
N
Magyarorszg vs. EU-15
1. Emberi erforrsok
diplomsok arnya a 25-64 ves korosztlyban
LT45.03
EE29.42
CY26.76
BG21.29
EU-15 tlaga21.22
LV18.15
SL14.12
HU13.96
PL11.73
CZ11.59
SK10.66
RO9.97
TR8.00
MT7.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya a legutols 4 htben (25-64 ves korosztly)
LV16.30
MT9.70
EU-15 tlaga8.50
EE5.30
PL5.20
LT3.70
SL3.70
TR3.20
CY3.10
HU3.00
RO1.10
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban
CZ9.16
HU8.80
SL8.74
EU-15 tlaga7.57
PL7.54
MT7.14
SK6.75
BG5.50
RO4.91
EE4.79
LT3.18
LV1.72
TR1.19
CY1.03
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban
EU-15 tlaga3.61
EE3.38
HU3.24
CZ3.22
MT3.06
SK3.03
BG2.71
SL2.71
LV2.19
LT2.01
CY1.83
RO1.43
2. Tuds-teremts
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban
SL0.68
EU-15 tlaga0.67
CZ0.54
EE0.53
LT0.53
TR0.53
HU0.45
PL0.45
BG0.41
LV0.29
SK0.24
CY0.20
RO0.10
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban
EU-15 tlaga1.28
SL0.83
CZ0.81
SK0.45
HU0.36
RO0.30
TR0.27
PL0.25
LV0.20
EE0.15
BG0.11
LT0.07
CY0.05
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosraEU-15 tlaga = 152,7
Egy lptkben brzolva a CC-13 szinte nem ltszik!
SL20.60
HU16.10
CZ12.10
EE6.90
CY6.00
SK5.90
BG3.20
LV2.50
PL2.30
LT1.10
RO0.90
USPTO high-tech szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra
EU-15 tlaga12.40
MT2.60
CZ0.58
LT0.54
SL0.50
HU0.30
SK0.19
BG0.12
PL0.05
RO0.04
TR0.02
CY0.00
EE0.00
LV0.00
3. Az innovci piaca s finanszrozsa
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban
EU-15 tlaga31.40
EE30.10
SL30.00
MT25.40
CY22.10
SK16.70
HU14.80
CZ13.60
PL9.80
BG7.50
LV7.20
LT6.80
RO4.50
TR3.80
IT s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP
EE9.60
CZ9.50
HU8.90
EU-15 tlaga8.00
LV7.90
SK7.50
LT5.90
PL5.90
SL4.70
MT4.10
BG3.80
TR3.60
RO2.20
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektetsek llomnya / GDP
MT84.70
EE53.20
HU43.40
CZ42.60
EU-15 tlaga30.30
LV29.10
BG26.40
SK24.20
CY23.70
PL21.30
LT20.60
RO17.70
SL15.50
TR4.70
brk
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
CC-13
Mo/CC-13
Munka3
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
EU-15
Mo/EU-15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
84.7
53.2
43.4
42.6
30.3
29.1
26.4
24.2
23.7
21.3
20.6
17.7
15.5
4.7
indiktorEU-15 tlagaBGCYCZEEHULTLVMTPLROSLSKTR
j TT diplomsok10.264.734.006.834.499.155.526.125.9013.105.47
diplomsok arnya21.2221.2926.7611.5929.4213.9645.0318.157.0011.739.9714.1210.668.00
felnttkpzsben rsztvevk arnya8.503.105.303.003.7016.309.705.201.103.703.20
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech ipargakban7.575.501.039.164.798.803.181.727.147.544.918.746.751.19
foglalkoztatottak a high-tech szolgltatsokban3.612.711.833.223.383.242.012.193.061.432.713.03
llami K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban0.670.410.200.540.530.450.530.290.450.100.680.240.53
vllalati K+F rfordts a GDP arnyban1.280.110.050.810.150.360.070.200.250.300.830.450.27
EPO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra152.703.206.0012.106.9016.101.102.502.300.9020.605.90
USPTO szabadalmak 1 milli lakosra12.400.120.580.300.542.600.050.040.500.190.02
high-tech kockzati tke a GDP arnyban0.240.020.040.900.620.050.150.13
otthoni internet-elrs a lakossg arnyban31.407.5022.1013.6030.1014.806.807.2025.409.804.5030.0016.703.80
informatikai s tvkzlsi kiads / GDP8.003.809.509.608.905.907.904.105.902.204.707.503.60
a high-tech arnya a jvedelemtermelsben10.105.9014.8522.3522.446.35
kzvetlen klfldi tkebefektets / GDP30.3026.4023.7042.6053.2043.4020.6029.1084.7021.3017.7015.5024.204.70
-
Magyarorszg nhny innovcis mutatja a csatlakoz s a tagjellt orszgokkal sszehasonltva (Innovation Scoreboard, 2003)
-
Legfontosabb megoldand problmk:Alacsony K+F rfordtsok, fleg a vllalati rfordtsok terletn.Alacsony kutati ltszm, fleg a vllalati kutathelyek terletn.Regionlis egyenltlensg, Budapest 60-65%-os slya az orszgban.A kltsgvetsi kutathelyek K+F infrastruktrjnak helyzete.Alacsony szabadalmi aktivits belfldn s klfldn.A kltsgvetsi kutathelyeken ltrehozott tuds s technolgia nehezen hasznosul a g