kumar ip over optical
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IP over Intelligent Optical NetworksKumar N. SivarajanCTO, Tejas [email protected]
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Optical NetworksFiberProvides the physical transport mediumOptical networks: Create the pipesWDM: Fast pipes for voice/dataOptical amplification: Long pipesIP Routers, ATM switches, SDH equipment: Fill the pipesOperations Support System (OSS)Manage all aspects of the network
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Evolution of Transmission Technology1st Generation: Copper is transmission medium 2nd Generation: Optical Fiber (late 80s) Higher data rates; longer link lengthsDense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (DWDM, 1994) Fiber exhaust forces DWDMErbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) lower DWDM transmission cost3rd Generation: Intelligent optical networking (1999)Routing and signaling for optical paths
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Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
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DWDM EvolutionFaster (higher speed per wave), 40 Gb/s on the horizonThicker (more waves), 160 waves possible todayLonger (link lengths before regeneration) A few thousand km possible today160 waves at 10 Gb/s = 1.6 Tb/s25 million simultaneous phone calls5 million books per minute
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IP over ATM
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ATM over SONET
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IP over ATM over SONET
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Optical Pass-Through (Routing)IP/ATM/SDH Node ANode BNode CNode ANode BNode CNo optical pass-throughWith optical pass-throughIP/ATM/SDH IP/ATM/SDH IP/ATM/SDH IP/ATM/SDH IP/ATM/SDH
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Intelligent Optical NetworkingOptics is not merely a transmission technologyOptics provides a flexible layer upon which to deliver network serviceDWDM provides enormous link capacitiesDWDM: Physical layer of Intelligent Optical NetworkRouting and signaling of optical pathsProvides significant economies over conventional network architecturesEnables revolutionary new services2.5 Gb/s path from Bangalore to Boston, on demand!
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SONET over Optical Layer
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IP over SONET over Optical Layer
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IP over Optical Layer
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IP over Intelligent Optical NetworksEstablish high-speed optical layer connections (lightpaths)IP routers connected through lightpaths rather than fiberSwitching (WDM crossconnects) add flexibility to the optical layerFlexible, potentially rich, topology at IP layer
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Intelligent Optical Networking DevelopmentsIncorporate SONET/SDH multiplexing capability into interface cards of DWDM equipmentConnect IP routers with STM-1/4 interfaces directly to DWDM equipment transporting STM-16/64 wavelengthsMove protection function from SONET/SDH to optical layerRerouting all wavelengths affected by a fiber cut is more efficiently done by optical switches than SDH equipment at ends of lightpathsAdd intelligence to optical layer Borrow algorithms/protocols from data (IP) networksRouting: OSPF, Signaling: MPLS
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Optical Network ArchitecturesRingSimplest topology with redundant pathsInterconnected RingsMeshMore efficient routesMesh with SwitchingEfficient routingFlexibility in demand management
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IP over Intelligent Optical Networks: SummaryApplication traffic predominantly IP-basedPerhaps including voice in the near futureIntelligent optical networks: physical layer of all high-bandwidth networks IP over intelligent optical networks is the natural evolutionIncorporate QoS functionality of ATM in IPIncorporate reliability functions of SDH within DWDMIP protocols (OSPF, MPLS) basis for intelligent algorithms in optical networksOSPF for autodiscoveryOSPF for routing circuitsMPLS for signalling circuit setup