kulsoom structure & classification of proteins dr. bibi kulsoom 1
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Kulso
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Structure & Classification of Proteins
Dr. Bibi Kulsoom
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http://www.picturesof.net/pages/100103-180324-843042.html
Other dry
elements
14%
http://www.indiabix.com/_files/images/data-interpretation/pie-charts/15-2-11-1.png
Proteins
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Proteins: Amino Acids
Hydrocarbon chainhttp://www.whitetigernaturalmedicine.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/amino-acid-structure.jpg
Hydrolysis by
digestive enzymes
Protein molecule
Amino acids
One Amino acid structure
http://www.hardbodysuccessblog.com/.a/6a00e00995147488330115704e4379970c-pi
Peptide bond
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Essential amino acids1. Arginine (partially essential)
2. Histidine
3. Isoleucine
4. Leucine
5. Lysine
6. Methinine
7. Phenylalanine
8. Threonine
9. Tryptophan
10.Valine
Non-Essential amino acids1. Alanine
2. Aspartic acid
3. Asparagine
4. Cysteine
5. Glutamic acid
6. Glutamine
7. Glycine
8. Proline
9. Serine
10.Tyrosine
Proteins are Composed :of 20 Amino Acids
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Classification is based on
• Composition
• Shape
• Function
Proteins & their Classification
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http://njscuba.net/zzz_artifacts/protein_2.gif
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1. Simple proteins:
A protein that contains amino acids only.
Examples: albumin, globulins & histones.
2. Conjugated Proteins:
A protein that have some non-protein moiety in its structure along
with protein part.
3. Derived proteins:
Proteins derived from simple and conjugated proteins by physical
or chemical treatment. Examples: peptones peptides and
denatured proteins.
Classification Based on Composition
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Conjugated Proteins
Nucleoproteins
Glycoproteins
Mucoproteins
Lipoproteins
Phosphoproteins
Chromoproteins
Metalloproteins7
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Nucleoproteins
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_Ik_ovkt6ICg/TNoWaLBLKXI/AAAAAAAAAIk/
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Proteins examples:
Histones, telomerase.
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Glycoproteins
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Proteins examples:
Glycoproteins of cell membrane, Follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH).
http://designanduniverse.com/articles/images/cell/cell_membrane.jpg
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Lipoproteins
http://www.scientificpsychic.com/health/lipoproteins-LDL-HDL.html
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Proteins examples:
Low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL).
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Phosphoproteins
Enzyme A
Inactive
Inactive
Active
Active
Enzyme A P
Enzyme B PEnzyme B
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Proteins examples:
Enzymes (protein in nature) are phosphorylated temporarily for their
regulation.
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Chromoproteins
Cytochromes P450
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Proteins examples:
Hemoglobin, cytochromes (enzymes).
http://chemistry.wiki.elanco.net/file/view/hemoglobin.jpg/120238735/hemoglobin.jpg
http://www.presentermedia.com/files/clipart/00001000/1744/blood_cells_pc_md_wm.jpg
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Metalloproteins
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Proteins examples:
Hemoglobin, Ceruloplasmin (protein that stores and
transports copper)
Ceruloplasmin
Ceruloplasmin
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Proteins
Globular Proteins
Albumin
Globulins
Glutelins
Prolamines
Histones
Globins
Protamines
Fibrous Proteins or Scleroproteins
Collagens
Elastins
Keratins
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Based on Shape
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Globular ProteinsHemoglobin and myoglobin are examples of globular proteins.
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Fibrous Proteins or Scleroproteins
-keratin
-keratin
Collagen fiber
Collagen, keratin and elastin are examples of fibrous proteins.
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Classification based on Function
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Proteins gives our cells shape,
strength as well as enable movements.
Proteins examples:
keratin, collagen, elastin.
Structure Examples:
Hair, wool, nails, horns,
hoofs, tendons, cartilage.
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Structural Proteins
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Contractile Proteins
Proteins examples:
Actin & myosin
Location in body:
Contracting fibers in muscle.
http://www.performance-edu.com/Insider%20News/Volume%202/Images/small%20animated%20sliding%20filament.gif
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http://www.123rf.com/photo_7661491_young-man-running-in-forest.html
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Storage Proteins
Proteins examples:
• Different for different sustances.
• Ferritin (Stores iron in spleen)
• legumes and beans in plants
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Protein examples:
• hemoglobin (Carries oxygen
in blood)
• serum albumin (Carries fatty
acids in blood)
Transport Proteins
http://blu.stb.s-msn.com/i/44/78A5F212E699FFFB5345C2214AE50.jpg
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Proteins as Enzymes
• Many proteins act as biological
catalysts or enzymes.
• Thousands of different enzymes
exist in the body.
• Examples: catalase, amylase,
trypsin, lipase.
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http://www.biology.arizona.edu/immunology/tutorials/antibody/graphics/antibody.gif
Bacte
rium
Antibody
Antibody
Proteins examples:
Gamma globulins
• when a pathogen enters the
body, the immune system
produces antibodies against it
that fight against the invader.http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/microbes-and-the-human-body
Immunological Proteins
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Proteins as Buffers
Example:
Plasma proteins and intracellular
preoteins.
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http://human-physiology---ashley-vg.wikispaces.com/Chemical+Aspects+of+Physiology
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Maintaining Osmotic Pressure
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Protein examples:
Albumin, globin, globulin.
Protein as Hormone
http://www.hcc.bcu.ac.uk
Hormone
Examples: Insulin, glucagon,
growth hormone etc.
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Channels: Protein pores that run like tunnels across the lipid bilayer will allow
specific materials that we need, like glucose, to slip through the membrane.
Receptors: proteins that mediate the effects of hormones in side the cell.
Protein Channels & Receptors
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Cell cytoskeletonExamples: Microfilaments, intermediate filaments & microtubules.
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Clotting Factors
Clotting proteins
activate and make
meshwork of fibrin to
stop bleeding.
Examples:
Factors I, II, III, IV, V
etc.
http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media//28/98328-050-4F03CFD9.jpg
http://www.buzzle.com/img/articleImages/323361-36236-16.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/
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Type of proteinExample Function
Structural proteins keratin, collagen Hair, wool, nails, horns, hoofs, tendons, cartilage
Contractile proteins actin, myosin Contracting fibers in muscle
Transport proteinshemoglobinserum albumin
Carries oxygen in bloodCarries fatty acids in blood
Storage proteins ferritin Stores iron in spleen
Hormones insulin, glucagon Regulates use of blood sugar
Immunological proteins
antibodies Rid the body of foreign proteins
Enzymesamylase Promotes the break down of starch to
the simple sugar glucose.
Toxinsneurotoxin Cobra venom blocker of nerve
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