KOD KURSUS: SGDN 2023KURSUS: ETIKA PERNIAGAANJAM KREDIT: 3 JAM

PENSYARAH: AHMAD BIN ISMAILBILIK: 219 – Pusat pengajian pendidikan dan Bahasa Moden, CAS UUM. H/P: 0194121151E.mail: i.ahmad@uum.edu.my

A. SISTEM PEMARKAHAN:Tugasan Individu 20%Tugasan kumpulan 20%Mid-sem 20%Ujian akhir 40%Pembentangan (Bonus) 3% JUMLAH 100%

B. TUGASAN1. TUGASAN INDIVIDU (20%)• Ulasan artikel, teks - dari buku, jurnal, majalah ilmiah, sebarang penerbitan , sumber dari internet dll. Syarat; 1. Berasaskan kes, isu atau penulisan yang ada kaitan dengan sukatan kursus. 2. Panjang ulasan; 5 – 6 muka surat. 3. Pilihan artikel yang melebihi 3 m.s. 4. Kepilkan artikel bersama tugasan. 5. Ulasan ditulis dalam BM. Artikal boleh dari dari pelbagai bahasa.

PANDUAN:

• Format Kulit hadapan: Seperti disyaratkan.• Pendahuluan / Pengenalan: 1/2 m.s• Isi : 4 - 5 “ • Penutup : 1/2 “• Jumlah muka surat: 5 - 6• Sumber rujukan: Minima 3 buku / majalah. • Sistem penulisan: APA• TARIKH SERAHAN: 18-19/3/2012 -Minggu 5.

2. TUGASAN KUMPULAN (20%) – (26/4/2012). (Student’s task learning) TUGASAN:

Laporan, kajian kes , soal selidik keatas; a. Kementerian, ajensi penguatkuasa kerajaan. Contoh; Polis, Kastam, Merin polis, Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia, Emigresen, Kementerian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri Koporasi dan Hal Ehwal Pengguna dll. atau

b. Badan berkanun / Badan Bukan

Kerajaan (NGO). Contoh; Persatuan Pengguna, Persatuan alam sekitar dll. atau

c. Sebarang sektor perniagaan.

Contoh; Sektor insuren, kewangan, makanan, pengangkutan, pelancongan, perhotelan, perkilangan, pembinaan dll. Tumpuan; Urus tadbir, sistem kawalan, pengoditan, tanggung jawab sosial korporat, kod etika pekerja, sumber manusia, perkhidmatan, pelanggan, aspek halal-haram, keselamatan produk dll.

• Syarat; - Keahlian 5 pelajar setiap kumpulan – pengenalan ahli kumpulan beserta gambar. - Jumlah muka surat: 13 - 16. - Tajuk, kandungan, pengenalan, rasional, objektif , isi – (dapatan, gambar, ulasan, statistik) penutup dan senarai rujukan. - Kepilan dokumen lain digalakan.

3. UJIAN MID-SEM (20%) - 50 Soalan objektif. (3/4/2012) - Minggu 7. - Meliputi kuliah 1 – 4.

4. PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR ( 40% ) - Jawab semua soalan. - Soalan struktur : 20 soalan ( 80

markah ) - Soalan esei : 2 soalan ( 20

markah ) JUMLAH - 100

markah.

TAJUK PEMBENTANGAN (Bonus 3%)

1. Persatuan pengguna; peranan dan dan kepentinganya.

2. Kes keracunan susu di negara China 2009.3. Aspek keselamatan dan bahaya produk

kepada pengguna.4. Free enterprise economy (Ekonomi pasaran

terbuka; kebaikan dan keburukan.5. Skim cepat kaya; modus operandi dan

kesanya.

6. Monopoli dalam perniagaan; kebaikan dan keburukan.

7. Iklan; kepentingan, keburukan dan penipuan.8. Rasuah; punca , kesan dan pembasmian.9. Pencemaran alam sekitar; punca, kesan dan

penyelesaian.10. Diskriminasi dalam sektor pekerjaan.11. Konsep teknologi hijau kearah kemajuan

ekonomi Malaysia yang mapan.

12. Peranan dan kepentingan kesatuan sekerja.13. Penggunaan buruh kanak-kanak dan

penderaan seksual dalam sektor pekerjaan.14. Isu halal dan haram dalam sektor

pemakanan.15. Isu perlindungan hak cipta (Intelectual

property).

16. Kegiatan penyeludupan dan sorok barang, kesan kepada harga barangan kawalan dan ekonomi negara.

17. Tanggung jawab sosial korporat (Corporate social responsibilty - CRS)

18. Etika dan tanggung jawab majikan kepada pekerja.

19. Kad kredit - kebaikan, keburukan dan pengawalan.

20. Pinjaman kewangan dari institusi perbankan dan Ah Long - suatu perbandingan

21. Kemunculan mega store; kebaikan dan keburukan.

22. Laman sosial; kebaikan dan keburukan.23. E. dagang; kepentingan dan kebaikan.24. Jenayah kolar puteh dan siber.25. Jualan langsung; operasi dan kesanya.

26. Makanan segera; kebaikan dan kesan kepada kesihatan.

27. Kes penipuan PKFZ – Port Klang Free Zone.ARAHAN;• Dua pelajar bagi setiap pembentangan

pemilihan rawak oleh pensyarah.• Pembentangan power point –ringkas dan

kreatif.• Masa pembentangan – 15 minit.• Sila serah hard –copy kepada pensyarah.

FALSAFAH ETIKA FALSAFAH ETIKA PERNIAGAANPERNIAGAAN

Pengenalan:Pengenalan: Definisi Falsafah;Definisi Falsafah; Falsafah berasal dari perkataan Greek Falsafah berasal dari perkataan Greek

((philosophiaphilosophia) yang membawa maksud ) yang membawa maksud cintakan kebijaksanaan dan hikmah.cintakan kebijaksanaan dan hikmah.

PHILO=Cinta SOPHIA=KebijaksanaanPHILO=Cinta SOPHIA=Kebijaksanaan Makna kebijaksanaan ialah keluhuran Makna kebijaksanaan ialah keluhuran

akhlak (akhlak (virtue)virtue), kecintaan terhadap , kecintaan terhadap ilmu pengetahuan dan ketepatan ilmu pengetahuan dan ketepatan dalam memberi pendapat.dalam memberi pendapat.

Takrifan lain mengenai falsafah ialah Takrifan lain mengenai falsafah ialah pengajian yang bersifat fundamental pengajian yang bersifat fundamental dan melibatkan konsep, prinsip, idea, dan melibatkan konsep, prinsip, idea, pemikiran (penaakulan), tindakan , pemikiran (penaakulan), tindakan , moral, akhlak, adab, etika.moral, akhlak, adab, etika.

Contoh; Persoalan tentang konsep Contoh; Persoalan tentang konsep ketuhanan, kehidupan, roh, alam ketuhanan, kehidupan, roh, alam semesta, tabii kewujudan,minda dan semesta, tabii kewujudan,minda dan jirim.jirim.

Cabang Falsafah:Cabang Falsafah: The Story of Philosophy The Story of Philosophy --

membahagikan falsafah kepada logik, membahagikan falsafah kepada logik, epistemology, ethics, aesthetic dan epistemology, ethics, aesthetic dan metaphisic. metaphisic.

Setiap cabang falsafah mempunyai Setiap cabang falsafah mempunyai persoalan tersendiri.persoalan tersendiri.

LOGIK-LOGIK- bagaimana membezakan bagaimana membezakan premis hujahan dan kesimpulan premis hujahan dan kesimpulan samada sah ataupun tidak sah.samada sah ataupun tidak sah.

EPISTEMOLOGIEPISTEMOLOGI- bagaimana kita tahu - bagaimana kita tahu apa yang kita tahu dan perbahasan apa yang kita tahu dan perbahasan mengenai teori-teori pengetahuan:mengenai teori-teori pengetahuan:

- - Rasionalisme Rasionalisme (Fikiran/rasional)(Fikiran/rasional)

- - Empirisme Empirisme (Pengalaman)(Pengalaman)

- - PositivismePositivisme (Positif/pancaindera)(Positif/pancaindera)

- - RealismeRealisme (Persepsi baik/tepat)(Persepsi baik/tepat)

- - IdealismeIdealisme (Rasional/pengalaman)(Rasional/pengalaman)

ETHICETHIC- yang manakah tindakan betul - yang manakah tindakan betul dan yang mana salah ?. Apakah yang dan yang mana salah ?. Apakah yang dikatakan keadilan ?. Apakah yang dikatakan keadilan ?. Apakah yang dikatakan “dikatakan “natural lawnatural law” ? (undang-” ? (undang-undang sedia ada). Bagaimanakah undang sedia ada). Bagaimanakah untuk hidup sejahteara ?. Apakah itu untuk hidup sejahteara ?. Apakah itu kegembiraan/kedukaan dll.kegembiraan/kedukaan dll.

AESTHETIC-AESTHETIC- apakah itu kecantikan, apakah itu kecantikan, nilai seni, keunikan dan keindahan.nilai seni, keunikan dan keindahan.

METAPHISIC -METAPHISIC - Apakah itu alam nyata?. Apakah itu alam nyata?. Apakah itu kewujudan?. Adakah Apakah itu kewujudan?. Adakah sesuatu itu wujud bebas dari sesuatu itu wujud bebas dari persepsi?. Apakah hakikat yg berubah persepsi?. Apakah hakikat yg berubah diluar jangkauan pengalaman diluar jangkauan pengalaman manusia ?. Contoh; Teologi, manusia ?. Contoh; Teologi, spiritualisme.spiritualisme.

Bidang-bidang lain yang termasuk Bidang-bidang lain yang termasuk dalam falsafah ialah dalam falsafah ialah politik,fizik, politik,fizik, agama,matematik,sains dan sejarahagama,matematik,sains dan sejarah..

ETIKAETIKA PengenalanPengenalan Etika adalah salah satu cabang Etika adalah salah satu cabang

falsafah yang cuba untuk mengenal falsafah yang cuba untuk mengenal hakikat moraliti, membezakan yang hakikat moraliti, membezakan yang manakah betul dan salah. Etika juga manakah betul dan salah. Etika juga dikenali sebagai falsafah moral.dikenali sebagai falsafah moral.

““Ethics is sometimes referred as Ethics is sometimes referred as morality – personal integrity”.morality – personal integrity”.

oror ““a set of moral principles or values”a set of moral principles or values”

Definisi EtikaDefinisi Etika Etika bermakna menganalisa dan Etika bermakna menganalisa dan

mengkaji betul atau salah, baik atau mengkaji betul atau salah, baik atau buruk sesuatu perbuatan itu.buruk sesuatu perbuatan itu.

Etika adalah falsafah yang menerokai Etika adalah falsafah yang menerokai hakikat kebaikan moral dan menilai hakikat kebaikan moral dan menilai tindakan manusia. Penerokaan ini tindakan manusia. Penerokaan ini melalui rasional dan berasaskan melalui rasional dan berasaskan kesejahteraan manusia.kesejahteraan manusia.

Ethics can be defined as the critical, Ethics can be defined as the critical, structured examination of how we structured examination of how we should behave – in particular, how we should behave – in particular, how we should constrain the pursuit of self-should constrain the pursuit of self-interest when our action affect interest when our action affect othersothers..

Etika merujuk kepada individu yang Etika merujuk kepada individu yang mempunyai keperibadian berakhlak.mempunyai keperibadian berakhlak.

Etika juga merujuk kepada peraturan Etika juga merujuk kepada peraturan sosial yang menunjuk arah dan sosial yang menunjuk arah dan menghadkan perlakuan individu sama menghadkan perlakuan individu sama ada betul atau salah.ada betul atau salah.

Orang yang beretika selalu bertanya; Orang yang beretika selalu bertanya; What kind of person should I be ? How What kind of person should I be ? How

should I live my life ? How should I live my life ? How should I behave ? How I should I behave ? How I should act ? What should act ? What should I value should I value ??

EtikaEtika ((ethosethos – perkataan Greek) – perkataan Greek) yang yang membawa maksud kehidupan yang membawa maksud kehidupan yang mengikut kepercayaan, sikap dan mengikut kepercayaan, sikap dan nilai yang menjadi tradisi budaya nilai yang menjadi tradisi budaya masyarakat Greek. Ini bermakna etika masyarakat Greek. Ini bermakna etika ialah mematuhi kebiasaan adat ialah mematuhi kebiasaan adat budaya sesuatu masyarakat dan budaya sesuatu masyarakat dan agama.agama.

Mengikut Socrates seorang ahli Mengikut Socrates seorang ahli falsafah Greek ; falsafah Greek ; ““the unexamined the unexamined life is not worth livinglife is not worth living”.”.

““Ethics refers not only to an academic Ethics refers not only to an academic discipline, but to that arena of human discipline, but to that arena of human life, namely how human beings should life, namely how human beings should properly live their lives”. properly live their lives”.

“ “ Ethical decision making involves the Ethical decision making involves the basic categories, concepts, and basic categories, concepts, and language of ethics : should, ought, language of ethics : should, ought, rights and responsibilities, goodness, rights and responsibilities, goodness, fairness, justice, virtue, kindness, fairness, justice, virtue, kindness, loyalty, trustworthiness and honesty”.loyalty, trustworthiness and honesty”.

Etika ialah justifikasi, standard dan Etika ialah justifikasi, standard dan peraturan untuk bertingkahlaku peraturan untuk bertingkahlaku secara bermoral.secara bermoral.

Etika juga merupakan prinsip, norma Etika juga merupakan prinsip, norma dan standard yang mengawal dan standard yang mengawal perlakuan individu atau kumpulan – perlakuan individu atau kumpulan – tumpuan kepada perlakuan.tumpuan kepada perlakuan.

Secara umumnya etika membawa Secara umumnya etika membawa maksud satu penilaian terhadap maksud satu penilaian terhadap tingkah laku manusia untuk tingkah laku manusia untuk menentukan sama ada tingkah laku menentukan sama ada tingkah laku itu betul atau salah, baik atau buruk itu betul atau salah, baik atau buruk dan bermoral atau tidak.dan bermoral atau tidak.

PEMBAHAGIAN ETIKAPEMBAHAGIAN ETIKA

A. ETIKA DISKRIPTIF:A. ETIKA DISKRIPTIF: Disiplin pengajian antropologi, Disiplin pengajian antropologi,

sosiologi dan psikologi.sosiologi dan psikologi. Kajian dan huraian tentang moral Kajian dan huraian tentang moral

manusia dan budaya masyarakat manusia dan budaya masyarakat secara umum.secara umum.

Kajian tentang perbezaan sistem Kajian tentang perbezaan sistem moral, kod, amalan, kepercayaan dan moral, kod, amalan, kepercayaan dan nilai antara masyarakat.nilai antara masyarakat.

B. ETIKA NORMATIF:B. ETIKA NORMATIF: Kritikan dan penilaian pada sistem moral Kritikan dan penilaian pada sistem moral

yang meliputi aspek norma, peraturan yang meliputi aspek norma, peraturan dan nilai sesuatu masyarakat.dan nilai sesuatu masyarakat.

Mencari ukuran yang unggul dalam Mencari ukuran yang unggul dalam menentukan perlakuan manusia samada menentukan perlakuan manusia samada baik atau buruk.baik atau buruk.

Penentuan betul atau salah berasaskan Penentuan betul atau salah berasaskan tindak tanduk individu didalam sistem tindak tanduk individu didalam sistem dan prinsip moral.dan prinsip moral.

APAKAH PERNIAGAANAPAKAH PERNIAGAAN

Perniagaan adalah sebarang aktiviti Perniagaan adalah sebarang aktiviti pengeluaran barangan atau pengeluaran barangan atau perkhidmatan yang menghasilkan perkhidmatan yang menghasilkan keuntungan (profit).keuntungan (profit).

““..A business or corporation does two ..A business or corporation does two things in the free enterprise system. things in the free enterprise system. It produces a goods or service and It produces a goods or service and makes a profit. The making of a profit makes a profit. The making of a profit is the primary function of a business is the primary function of a business as a business”.as a business”.

““..Business is concerned primarily ..Business is concerned primarily with profit. To earn a profit, a with profit. To earn a profit, a business produces goods or provides business produces goods or provides services and engages in buying and services and engages in buying and selling”.selling”.

PERSOALAN ?PERSOALAN ?

Apakah keuntungan sahaja yangApakah keuntungan sahaja yang

menjadi matlamat perniagaan menjadi matlamat perniagaan

tanpa mempersoalkan aspektanpa mempersoalkan aspek

lain…. ?lain…. ?

DISINILAH PERLUNYA ETIKA….DISINILAH PERLUNYA ETIKA….

Etika perniagaanEtika perniagaan PengenalanPengenalan Etika Perniagaan adalah satu bentuk Etika Perniagaan adalah satu bentuk

aplikasi etika (applied ethic) yang aplikasi etika (applied ethic) yang meneliti peraturan etika dan prinsip-meneliti peraturan etika dan prinsip-prinsip etika dalam kontek prinsip etika dalam kontek perniagaan.perniagaan.

Dalam perniagaan terdapat persoalan Dalam perniagaan terdapat persoalan dan permasalahan moral, dan permasalahan moral, tanggungjawab dan kewajipan yang tanggungjawab dan kewajipan yang perlu dipikul oleh individu.perlu dipikul oleh individu.

Ini memerlukan individu untuk Ini memerlukan individu untuk membuat justifikasi mengenai apakah membuat justifikasi mengenai apakah yang betul dan salah, yang mana yang betul dan salah, yang mana harus dipilih, apakah yang harus harus dipilih, apakah yang harus dilakukan dan apakah yang tidak dilakukan dan apakah yang tidak harus dilakukan.harus dilakukan.

Etika perniagaan lebih menjurus Etika perniagaan lebih menjurus kepada aplikasi etika, tindakan serta kepada aplikasi etika, tindakan serta tanggungjawab yang perlu tanggungjawab yang perlu dilaksanakan dalam perniagaan.dilaksanakan dalam perniagaan.

……how peoples and institutions should how peoples and institutions should behave in the world of commerce”.behave in the world of commerce”.

““Business ethic as a process of Business ethic as a process of responsible decision making”.responsible decision making”.

“ “ Responsible decision making must Responsible decision making must rely on the personal values and rely on the personal values and principles of the individuals involved. principles of the individuals involved. Individuals will have to decide for Individuals will have to decide for themselves what type of person they themselves what type of person they want to be”.want to be”.

““..Ethics and morality can be a part ..Ethics and morality can be a part of business”.of business”.

““..Business activities are also based ..Business activities are also based on two values - integrity and trust.on two values - integrity and trust.

““..Business ethics should have as a ..Business ethics should have as a goal not only goal not only the teaching of moral the teaching of moral reasoning, the presenting of moral reasoning, the presenting of moral arguments in defense of moral arguments in defense of moral practices, and the motivating of practices, and the motivating of people to act in accord with their people to act in accord with their consciences and their highest consciences and their highest values;values; it should also encourage it should also encourage thought among those in business, thought among those in business, as well as among legislators and the as well as among legislators and the general public, about the changes general public, about the changes that are needed to promote that are needed to promote morality”.morality”.

Tambahan…Tambahan…

Definisi Etika Perniagaan:Definisi Etika Perniagaan:

Etika Perniagaan ialah prinsip-prinsip Etika Perniagaan ialah prinsip-prinsip dan standard moral yang dan standard moral yang membimbing perlakuan didalam membimbing perlakuan didalam dunia perniagaan.dunia perniagaan.

Etika perniagaan dapat membentuk Etika perniagaan dapat membentuk peniaga yang bermoral.peniaga yang bermoral.

Etika perniagaan ialah satu penelitian Etika perniagaan ialah satu penelitian terhadap perlakuan individu dalam terhadap perlakuan individu dalam perniagaan untuk menentukan betul perniagaan untuk menentukan betul atau salah, baik atau buruk.atau salah, baik atau buruk.

“…“…Business ethic covers all levels of Business ethic covers all levels of business activity, including the business activity, including the obligation and responsibilities of obligation and responsibilities of businesses to customers, employees, businesses to customers, employees, other businesses, national and other businesses, national and multinational, government and multinational, government and environment. It also include environment. It also include warranties, product safety, contracts warranties, product safety, contracts and pricing”.and pricing”.

Kesimpulanya:Kesimpulanya: Etika perniagaan ialah satu justifikasi Etika perniagaan ialah satu justifikasi

terhadap perlakuan individu dalam terhadap perlakuan individu dalam dunia perniagaan untuk menentukan dunia perniagaan untuk menentukan betul atau salah berdasarkan prinsip-betul atau salah berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip etika dan moral.prinsip etika dan moral.

Kenapa Mempelajari EtikaKenapa Mempelajari Etika

Perniagaan?:Perniagaan?: Terdapat tingkahlaku yang tidak Terdapat tingkahlaku yang tidak

beretika dan menjadi wabak beretika dan menjadi wabak ((epidemicepidemic) dalam perniagaan kini.) dalam perniagaan kini.

Perbuatan tidak beretika melibatkan Perbuatan tidak beretika melibatkan organisasi kerajaan, politik, organisasi kerajaan, politik, perniagaan, bidang sukan, kosmetik, perniagaan, bidang sukan, kosmetik, keagamaan dan perubatan. Berlaku keagamaan dan perubatan. Berlaku setiap hari dan makin parah..! – setiap hari dan makin parah..! – dimana salahnya..?dimana salahnya..?

““..in almost every country, ..in almost every country, government are businessmen-driven, government are businessmen-driven, and therefore issues concerning and therefore issues concerning business ethic, ecological and social business ethic, ecological and social justice are of justice are of little concernlittle concern. They are . They are focused on economic growth and focused on economic growth and profits even when they go against the profits even when they go against the larger interests of society..”larger interests of society..”

Penurunan standard etika didalam Penurunan standard etika didalam dunia perniagaan dapat dilihat dari dunia perniagaan dapat dilihat dari kes-kes jenayah kolar puteh seperti kes-kes jenayah kolar puteh seperti “insider stocks trading & bond”, “insider stocks trading & bond”, skim fonzi,rasuah, pecah amanah, skim fonzi,rasuah, pecah amanah, skandal, pemalsuan dokumen ,cek, skandal, pemalsuan dokumen ,cek, penipuan saham, iklan, barangan penipuan saham, iklan, barangan tercemar, tiruan dan tidak berkualiti, tercemar, tiruan dan tidak berkualiti, gaji rendah, pelanggaran hak pekerja, gaji rendah, pelanggaran hak pekerja, tiada SOCSO/EPF, pencemaran alam tiada SOCSO/EPF, pencemaran alam sekitar, penjualan barangan tidak sekitar, penjualan barangan tidak halal dan pelbagai skandal lain.halal dan pelbagai skandal lain.

STATUS PENDIDIKAN ETIKA STATUS PENDIDIKAN ETIKA PERNIAGAAN DI IPT.PERNIAGAAN DI IPT.

““..Business ethics is now included as an ..Business ethics is now included as an essential part of the teaching of most essential part of the teaching of most MBA and other business courses at MBA and other business courses at University. Either as a stand-alone University. Either as a stand-alone module or incorporated as an element module or incorporated as an element in the teaching of other modules. In in the teaching of other modules. In particular HR management, marketing , particular HR management, marketing , advertising and accounting. Its aims advertising and accounting. Its aims can be variously stated, but often the can be variously stated, but often the emphasis is on providing an emphasis is on providing an understanding and analysis of theunderstanding and analysis of the

potential conflict between business potential conflict between business and ethical behavior “. and ethical behavior “.

IKRAR PELAJAR SARJANA PERNIAGAAN IKRAR PELAJAR SARJANA PERNIAGAAN (MBA) HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL – (MBA) HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL –

KEARAH SIFAT BERETIKAKEARAH SIFAT BERETIKA

The MBA oath:The MBA oath:

As a business leader I recognize my role in As a business leader I recognize my role in society;society;

My purpose is to lead people and manage My purpose is to lead people and manage resources to create value that no single resources to create value that no single individual can create alone.individual can create alone.

My decisions affect the will-being of My decisions affect the will-being of individual inside and outside my enterprise, individual inside and outside my enterprise, today and tomorrow.today and tomorrow.

Therefore I promise;Therefore I promise; I will manage my enterprise with loyalty an I will manage my enterprise with loyalty an

care, and will not advance my personal care, and will not advance my personal interests at the expense of my enterprise or interests at the expense of my enterprise or society.society.

I will understand and uphold, in letter and I will understand and uphold, in letter and spirit, the laws and contracts governing my spirit, the laws and contracts governing my conduct and that of my enterprise.conduct and that of my enterprise.

I will refrain from corruption, unfair I will refrain from corruption, unfair competition, or business practices harmful competition, or business practices harmful to society.to society.

I will protect the human rights and dignity I will protect the human rights and dignity of all people affected by my enterprise, and of all people affected by my enterprise, and I will oppose discrimination and I will oppose discrimination and exploitation.exploitation.

I will protect the right of future generations I will protect the right of future generations to advance their standard of living and to advance their standard of living and enjoy a healthy planet.enjoy a healthy planet.

I will report the performance and risks of I will report the performance and risks of my enterprise accurately and honestly.my enterprise accurately and honestly.

I will invest in developing myself and I will invest in developing myself and others, helping the management profession others, helping the management profession continue to advance and create sustainable continue to advance and create sustainable and inclusive prosperity.and inclusive prosperity.

In exercising my professional duties In exercising my professional duties according to these principles, I recognize according to these principles, I recognize that my behavior must set an example of that my behavior must set an example of integrity , eliciting trust and esteem from integrity , eliciting trust and esteem from those I serve. I will remain accountable to those I serve. I will remain accountable to my peers and to society for my actions and my peers and to society for my actions and for upholding these standards.for upholding these standards.

““This oath I make freely, and upon This oath I make freely, and upon my honor”.my honor”.

PERANAN KERAJAAN MALAYSIA PERANAN KERAJAAN MALAYSIA MENGGALAKKAN PERNIAGAAN BERETIKAMENGGALAKKAN PERNIAGAAN BERETIKA

ANUGERAH KECEMERLANGAN PERNIAGAAN ANUGERAH KECEMERLANGAN PERNIAGAAN BERETIKA MALAYSIA 2010. BERETIKA MALAYSIA 2010.

Kementerian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri, Kementerian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri, Koperasi dan Kepenggunaan dengan Koperasi dan Kepenggunaan dengan sukacitanya mengumumkan bahawa sukacitanya mengumumkan bahawa Anugerah Kecemerlangan Perniagaan Anugerah Kecemerlangan Perniagaan Beretika Malaysia akan diadakan sekali lagi Beretika Malaysia akan diadakan sekali lagi pada tahun ini. Anugera ini adalah bertujuan pada tahun ini. Anugera ini adalah bertujuan untuk menghargai dan mengiktiraf syarikat-untuk menghargai dan mengiktiraf syarikat-syarikat yang mengamalkan perniagaan syarikat yang mengamalkan perniagaan beretika seperti yang termaktub didalam beretika seperti yang termaktub didalam “Kod Etika Perniagaan” masing-masing.“Kod Etika Perniagaan” masing-masing.

Sambungan…

Kod ini adalah berpandukan kepada prinsip Kod ini adalah berpandukan kepada prinsip keikhlasan, integriti, tanggungjawab dan keikhlasan, integriti, tanggungjawab dan tanggungjawab koporat.tanggungjawab koporat.

Setiap penyertaan perlu disertakan:Setiap penyertaan perlu disertakan: Kod etika syarikat.Kod etika syarikat. Bila dan bagaimana kod itu diwujud dan Bila dan bagaimana kod itu diwujud dan

dilaksanakan.dilaksanakan. Bagaimana kod dipatuhi.Bagaimana kod dipatuhi. Bagaimana kod tersebut memberi faedah Bagaimana kod tersebut memberi faedah

kepada “kepada “stakeholderstakeholder” didalam organisasi.” didalam organisasi. Bukti program latihan bagi pegawai dan Bukti program latihan bagi pegawai dan

kakitangan yang berkaitan dengan kod kakitangan yang berkaitan dengan kod etika perniagaan.etika perniagaan.

KONSEP DAN PRINSIP PENTING ETIKA KONSEP DAN PRINSIP PENTING ETIKA DALAM PERNIAGAANDALAM PERNIAGAAN

SECTION 1SECTION 1:: THE MYTH.THE MYTH.

““..The myth…ethical language is simply not ..The myth…ethical language is simply not

the language of business”.the language of business”.

““..The myth…many businesses act ..The myth…many businesses act unethically not because of a desire to do unethically not because of a desire to do evil, but simply because they want to make evil, but simply because they want to make a profit and therefore disregard some of the a profit and therefore disregard some of the consequences of their actions “.consequences of their actions “.

SECTION 2:SECTION 2:

PRINCIPAL 1: THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF PRINCIPAL 1: THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF BUSINESSES – BEYOND SHAREHOLDERS BUSINESSES – BEYOND SHAREHOLDERS TOWARD STAKEHOLDERS.TOWARD STAKEHOLDERS.

The value of a business to society is the The value of a business to society is the wealth and employment it creates and the wealth and employment it creates and the marketable products and services it marketable products and services it provides to consumers at a reasonable provides to consumers at a reasonable price commensurate with quality. To create price commensurate with quality. To create such value, a business must maintain its such value, a business must maintain its own economic health and viability, but own economic health and viability, but survival is not a sufficient goal.survival is not a sufficient goal.

Business have a role to play in improving Business have a role to play in improving the lives of all their customers, employees, the lives of all their customers, employees, and shareholders sharing with them the and shareholders sharing with them the wealth they have created. Suppliers and wealth they have created. Suppliers and competitors as well should expect competitors as well should expect businesses to honor their obligations in a businesses to honor their obligations in a spirit of honesty and fairness. As spirit of honesty and fairness. As responsible citizens of the local, national, responsible citizens of the local, national, regional, and global communities in which regional, and global communities in which they operate, businesses share a part in they operate, businesses share a part in shaping the future of those communitiesshaping the future of those communities..

PRINCIPAL 2: THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PRINCIPAL 2: THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF BUSINESS – TOWARD IMPACT OF BUSINESS – TOWARD INNOVATION, JUSTICE AND WORLD INNOVATION, JUSTICE AND WORLD COMMUNITY.COMMUNITY.

Businesses established in foreign countries Businesses established in foreign countries to develop, produce, or sell should also to develop, produce, or sell should also contribute to the social advancement of contribute to the social advancement of those countries by creating productive those countries by creating productive employment and helping to raise the employment and helping to raise the purchasing power of the citizens. purchasing power of the citizens. Businesses also should contribute to human Businesses also should contribute to human rights, education, welfare, and vitalization rights, education, welfare, and vitalization of countries in which they operate. of countries in which they operate.

Businesses should contribute to economic Businesses should contribute to economic and social development not only in the and social development not only in the countries in which they operate, but also in countries in which they operate, but also in the world community at large, through the world community at large, through effective and prudent use of resources, free effective and prudent use of resources, free and fair competition, and emphasis upon and fair competition, and emphasis upon innovation in technology, production innovation in technology, production methods, marketing and communications.methods, marketing and communications.

PRINCIPAL 3: BUSINESS BEHAVIOR – BEYOND PRINCIPAL 3: BUSINESS BEHAVIOR – BEYOND THE LETTER OF LAW TOWARD A SPIRIT OF THE LETTER OF LAW TOWARD A SPIRIT OF TRUST.TRUST.

While accepting the legitimacy of trade While accepting the legitimacy of trade secrets, businesses should recognize that secrets, businesses should recognize that sincerity, candor, truthfulness, the keeping sincerity, candor, truthfulness, the keeping of promises, and transparency contribute of promises, and transparency contribute not only to their own credibility an stability not only to their own credibility an stability but also to the smoothness and efficiency of but also to the smoothness and efficiency of business transactions, particularly on the business transactions, particularly on the international level.international level.

PRINCIPAL 4: RESPECT FOR RULES.PRINCIPAL 4: RESPECT FOR RULES. To avoid trade frictions and to promote To avoid trade frictions and to promote

freer trade, equal conditions for freer trade, equal conditions for competition, and fair and equitable competition, and fair and equitable treatment for all participants, businesses treatment for all participants, businesses should respect international and domestic should respect international and domestic rules. In addition, they should recognize rules. In addition, they should recognize that some behavior, although legal, may still that some behavior, although legal, may still have adverse consequences. have adverse consequences.

PRINCIPAL 5: RESPECT FOR THE PRINCIPAL 5: RESPECT FOR THE ENVIRONMENT.ENVIRONMENT.

A business should protect and , where A business should protect and , where possible, improve the environment, possible, improve the environment, promote sustainable development, and promote sustainable development, and prevent the wasteful use of natural prevent the wasteful use of natural resources.resources.

PRINCIPAL 6: AVOIDENCE OF ILLICIT PRINCIPAL 6: AVOIDENCE OF ILLICIT OPERATIONS.OPERATIONS.

Business should not participate in or Business should not participate in or condone bribery, money laundering, or other condone bribery, money laundering, or other corrupt practices: indeed, it should seek corrupt practices: indeed, it should seek cooperation with others, to eliminate them. cooperation with others, to eliminate them. It should not trade in arms or other It should not trade in arms or other materials used for terrorist activities, drug materials used for terrorist activities, drug traffic, or other organized crime.traffic, or other organized crime.

SECTION 3SECTION 3: : STAKEHOLDER PRINCIPALSTAKEHOLDER PRINCIPAL

A. CUSTOMER:A. CUSTOMER:

we believe in treating all customers with we believe in treating all customers with dignity, irrespective of whether they purchase dignity, irrespective of whether they purchase our products and services directly from us, or our products and services directly from us, or otherwise acquire them in the market. We otherwise acquire them in the market. We therefore have a responsibility to:therefore have a responsibility to:

Provide our customers with the highest Provide our customers with the highest quality products and services consistent with quality products and services consistent with their requirements.their requirements.

Treat our customers fairly in all aspects of our Treat our customers fairly in all aspects of our business transactions, including a high level business transactions, including a high level of service and remedies for their of service and remedies for their dissatisfactions.dissatisfactions.

Make every effort to ensure that the health Make every effort to ensure that the health and safety of out customers, as well as the and safety of out customers, as well as the quality of their environment, will be quality of their environment, will be sustained or enhanced by our products and sustained or enhanced by our products and services.services.

Assure respect for human dignity in Assure respect for human dignity in products offered, marketing, and products offered, marketing, and advertising.advertising.

Respect the integrity of the culture of our Respect the integrity of the culture of our customers.customers.

B. EMPLOYEES:B. EMPLOYEES:

We believe in the dignity of every employee We believe in the dignity of every employee and in taking employee interests seriously. and in taking employee interests seriously. We therefore have the responsibility to:We therefore have the responsibility to:

Provide jobs and compensation that Provide jobs and compensation that improve workers’ living conditions.improve workers’ living conditions.

Provide working conditions that respect Provide working conditions that respect each employee’s health and dignity.each employee’s health and dignity.

Be honest in communications with Be honest in communications with employees and open in sharing information, employees and open in sharing information, limited only by legal and competitive limited only by legal and competitive restraints.restraints.

Listen to, and where possible, act on Listen to, and where possible, act on employee suggestions, ideas, requests, and employee suggestions, ideas, requests, and complaints.complaints.

Engage in good faith negotiations when Engage in good faith negotiations when conflict arises.conflict arises.

Avoid discriminatory practices and Avoid discriminatory practices and guarantee equal treatment and opportunity guarantee equal treatment and opportunity in areas such as gender, age, race, and in areas such as gender, age, race, and religions.religions.

Promote in the business itself the Promote in the business itself the employment of differently-abled people in employment of differently-abled people in places of work where they can be genuinely places of work where they can be genuinely useful.useful.

Protect employees from avoidable injury Protect employees from avoidable injury and illness in the workplace.and illness in the workplace.

Encourage and assist employees in Encourage and assist employees in developing relevant and transferable skills developing relevant and transferable skills and knowledge.and knowledge.

Be sensitive to serious unemployment Be sensitive to serious unemployment problems frequently associated with problems frequently associated with business decisions, and work with business decisions, and work with governments, employee groups, other governments, employee groups, other agencies and each other in addressing agencies and each other in addressing these dislocations.these dislocations.

C. OWNERS/INVESTORS:C. OWNERS/INVESTORS:

We believe in honoring the trust our We believe in honoring the trust our investors place in us. We therefore have a investors place in us. We therefore have a responsibility to:responsibility to:

Apply professional and diligent management Apply professional and diligent management in order to secure a fair and competitive in order to secure a fair and competitive return on our owners’ investment.return on our owners’ investment.

Disclose relevant information to Disclose relevant information to owners/investors subject only to legal owners/investors subject only to legal requirements and competitive constraints.requirements and competitive constraints.

Respect owners/investors’ requests, Respect owners/investors’ requests, suggestions, complaints, and formal suggestions, complaints, and formal resolutions.resolutions.

D. SUPPLIERS:D. SUPPLIERS:

Our relationship with suppliers and Our relationship with suppliers and subcontractors must be based on mutual subcontractors must be based on mutual respect. We therefore have a responsibility to:respect. We therefore have a responsibility to:

Seek fairness and truthfulness in all of our Seek fairness and truthfulness in all of our activities, including pricing, licensing, and activities, including pricing, licensing, and rights to sell.rights to sell.

Ensure that our business activities are free Ensure that our business activities are free from coercionfrom coercion(paksaan)(paksaan) and unnecessary and unnecessary litigation .litigation .(pendakwaan)(pendakwaan)

Foster long-term stability in the supplier Foster long-term stability in the supplier relationship in return for value, quality, relationship in return for value, quality, competitiveness, and reliability.competitiveness, and reliability.

Share information with suppliers and Share information with suppliers and integrate them into our planning processes.integrate them into our planning processes.

Pay suppliers on time and in accordance Pay suppliers on time and in accordance with agreed terms of trade.with agreed terms of trade.

Seek, encourage, and prefer suppliers and Seek, encourage, and prefer suppliers and subcontractors whose employment subcontractors whose employment practices respect human dignity.practices respect human dignity.

E. COMPETITORS:E. COMPETITORS:

We believeWe believe that fair economic competition that fair economic competition is one of the basic requirements for is one of the basic requirements for increasing the wealth of nations and increasing the wealth of nations and ultimately, for making possible the just ultimately, for making possible the just distribution of goods and services. We distribution of goods and services. We therefore have a responsibility to:therefore have a responsibility to:

Foster open markets for trade and Foster open markets for trade and investment.investment.

Promote competitive behavior that is Promote competitive behavior that is socially and environmentally beneficial and socially and environmentally beneficial and demonstrates mutual respect among demonstrates mutual respect among competitors. competitors.

Refrain from either seeking or participating Refrain from either seeking or participating in questionable payments or favors to in questionable payments or favors to secure competitive advantages.secure competitive advantages.

Respect both tangible and intellectual Respect both tangible and intellectual property rights.property rights.

Refuse to acquire commercial information Refuse to acquire commercial information by dishonest or unethical means, such as by dishonest or unethical means, such as industrial espionage.industrial espionage.

F. COMMUNITIES:F. COMMUNITIES:

We believe that as global corporate citizens, We believe that as global corporate citizens, we can contribute to such forces of reform we can contribute to such forces of reform and human rights as are at work in the and human rights as are at work in the communities in which we operate. We communities in which we operate. We therefore have a responsibility in those therefore have a responsibility in those communities to:communities to:

Respect human rights and democratic Respect human rights and democratic institutions, and promote them wherever institutions, and promote them wherever practicable.practicable.

Support peace, security, diversity, and social Support peace, security, diversity, and social integration.integration.

Recognize government’s legitimate Recognize government’s legitimate obligations to the society at large and obligations to the society at large and support public policies that promote human support public policies that promote human development through harmonious relations development through harmonious relations between business and other segments of between business and other segments of society.society.

Collaborate with those forces in the Collaborate with those forces in the community dedicated to raising standards community dedicated to raising standards of health, education, workplace safety, and of health, education, workplace safety, and economic well-being.economic well-being.

Promote and stimulate sustainable Promote and stimulate sustainable development and play a leading role in development and play a leading role in preserving and enhancing the physical preserving and enhancing the physical environment and conserving the earth’s environment and conserving the earth’s resources.resources.

Be a good corporate citizen through Be a good corporate citizen through charitable donations, educational and charitable donations, educational and cultural contributions, and employee cultural contributions, and employee participation in community and civic affairs.participation in community and civic affairs.

Linda K. Trevino/Katherine A. NelsonLinda K. Trevino/Katherine A. Nelson

MANAGING BUSINESS ETHICS.MANAGING BUSINESS ETHICS.

DAPATAN KAJIAN TENTANG AMALAN DAPATAN KAJIAN TENTANG AMALAN DALAM SEKTOR PERNIAGAAN DI DALAM SEKTOR PERNIAGAAN DI

AMERIKA SYARIKAT AMERIKA SYARIKAT Maklumat kajian;Maklumat kajian;a. Percentage of workers who say these a. Percentage of workers who say these

ethical infractions are committed by co- ethical infractions are committed by co- worker. (US resources).worker. (US resources).

Lying to supervisors 45%Lying to supervisors 45%

Falsifying records 36%Falsifying records 36%

Alcohol and drug abuse 36%Alcohol and drug abuse 36%

Conflict of interest 34%Conflict of interest 34%

Stealing or theft 27%Stealing or theft 27%

Gift receipt / entertainment in violation of Gift receipt / entertainment in violation of company policy. 26%company policy. 26%

SourceSource: : Ethics Resource Center / Society for Human Ethics Resource Center / Society for Human Resource Management, 1997 Business Ethics SurveyResource Management, 1997 Business Ethics Survey..

b. General perception of the relationship of b. General perception of the relationship of ethics to business success.ethics to business success.

i. In the long run, good ethics makesi. In the long run, good ethics makes

Good business sense. Good business sense. Agree: 99% Agree: 99%

ii. When choosing between doing what’sii. When choosing between doing what’s

right and earning larger profit, Americanright and earning larger profit, American

business manager generally choosebusiness manager generally choose

larger profits. larger profits. Agree: 62% Agree: 62%

iii. On the whole, my organizationiii. On the whole, my organization

is more ethical than most U.S. is more ethical than most U.S.

Company. Company. Agree: 62% Agree: 62%

iv. Ethical conduct is not rewardediv. Ethical conduct is not rewarded

in business todayin business today. Agree: 58% . Agree: 58%

Why all these happen..?Why all these happen..?

“… “…The change in American values has been The change in American values has been characterized, in general, by a move awaycharacterized, in general, by a move away

from traditional, Judeo-Christian ethic from traditional, Judeo-Christian ethic toward pluralism, relativism and self-toward pluralism, relativism and self-fulfillment”.fulfillment”.

JUSTIFIKASI MASYARAKATJUSTIFIKASI MASYARAKAT

Jika masyarakat memberi justifikasi Jika masyarakat memberi justifikasi terhadap keputusan yang dibuat oleh terhadap keputusan yang dibuat oleh organisasi perniagaan sebagai tidak organisasi perniagaan sebagai tidak beretika maka persepsi ini akan memberi beretika maka persepsi ini akan memberi kesan kepada organisasi dalam penentuan kesan kepada organisasi dalam penentuan mencapai matlamat perniagaan.mencapai matlamat perniagaan.

Amat penting untuk memahami etika Amat penting untuk memahami etika perniagaan dan mengenalpasti isu-isu etika.perniagaan dan mengenalpasti isu-isu etika.

Individu menghadapi dilema dan desakan Individu menghadapi dilema dan desakan untuk kepentigan diri dan faktor untuk kepentigan diri dan faktor keuntungan dalam penjualan produk, keuntungan dalam penjualan produk, penentuan kualiti, kesan sampingan produk, penentuan kualiti, kesan sampingan produk, cara pengiklanan, perletakan harga cara pengiklanan, perletakan harga berpatutan, teknik jualan, layanan terhadap berpatutan, teknik jualan, layanan terhadap pekerja,isu pencemaran dll.pekerja,isu pencemaran dll.

Nilai-Nilai yang dipelajari dari keluarga, Nilai-Nilai yang dipelajari dari keluarga, ajaran agama dan pendidikan formal, ajaran agama dan pendidikan formal, menjadi panduan , pegangan dan pedoman menjadi panduan , pegangan dan pedoman dalam membuat keputusan yang beretika. dalam membuat keputusan yang beretika.

Tetapi ada kalanya akibat desakan nafsu, Tetapi ada kalanya akibat desakan nafsu, dan kepentingan diri, prinsip dan nilai –nilai dan kepentingan diri, prinsip dan nilai –nilai baik dan beretika dilupai sekelip mata. baik dan beretika dilupai sekelip mata.

DENGAN SEBAB ITULAH SIFAT JUJUR, IKLAS DENGAN SEBAB ITULAH SIFAT JUJUR, IKLAS DAN KEMULIAAN AMAT PENTING –VIRTUE.DAN KEMULIAAN AMAT PENTING –VIRTUE.

“ “ The The virtuevirtue are those character traits, or are those character traits, or habits, that would produce a good, happy, habits, that would produce a good, happy, and and meaningful lifemeaningful life. Practicing such virtues . Practicing such virtues and habits, and acting in accord with one’s and habits, and acting in accord with one’s own character, is own character, is to live a life of integrityto live a life of integrity”.”.

“…“…for a for a virtuous personvirtuous person, a person who is , a person who is honest, moderate, and trustworthyhonest, moderate, and trustworthy, there is , there is no conflict between what he/she want to do no conflict between what he/she want to do and what is ethical right”.and what is ethical right”.

KESIMPULANKESIMPULAN Mempelajari etika perniagaan membolehkan Mempelajari etika perniagaan membolehkan

kita mengenalpasti isu-isu etika dan kita mengenalpasti isu-isu etika dan mencari pendekatan terbaik untuk mencari pendekatan terbaik untuk penyelesaian, mempelajari proses membuat penyelesaian, mempelajari proses membuat keputusan secara beretika, lebih memahami keputusan secara beretika, lebih memahami bagaimana untuk mengatasi konflik nilai bagaimana untuk mengatasi konflik nilai diantara anda dan organisasi tempat anda diantara anda dan organisasi tempat anda bekerja.bekerja.

KATA HIKMATKATA HIKMAT

Be passionate, creative, energetic, Be passionate, creative, energetic, determined and loving.determined and loving.

SEKIANSEKIAN