kuldip nayyar v. uoi

8/18/2019 kuldip nayyar v. uoi

1/23

IINN TTHEHE SSUPREMEUPREME CCOURTOURT

OOFF IINDIANDIACase Concerning

‘Constitutional Law’

K ULDIP NAYAR

(PETITIONER

!S"

UNION OF INDIA

(RESPONDENT

MEMORANDUM FOR THE RESPONDENT

COUNSEL ON BEHALF OF THE RESPONDENT

ALISHA FATIMA KHAN

Roll No.-19


2/23

TA#LE OF CONTENTS

1. LIST OF ABBREIATIONS..............................................................................................!

". INDE# OF AUTHORITIES................................................................................................$

ACTS% LE&ISLATIONS AND STATUTES

TABLE OF CASES

BOO'S

!. STATE(ENT OF FACTS..................................................................................................)

$. ISSUES RAISED................................................................................................................*

+. SU((AR, OF AR&U(ENTS.........................................................................................

). RITTEN SUB(ISSIONS................................................................................................9

*. PRA,ER............................................................................................................................1!.


3/23

LIST OF A##RE!IATIONS

/00000000000000000000000000000...00000...an

i.e0000000000000000000000000000000000..23a2 is

A.I.R00000000000000000000000000000000...All Inia Re4or2

Bo500000000000000000000000000000000...000. Bo56a7

C3. D00000000000000000000000000000...C3ancer7 Di8ision

&a000000000000000000000000000000000000&:a3a2i

(a0000000000000000000000000000000000000

(aras

Ors0000000000000000000000000000000000000...O23ers

S.C000000000000000000000000000000000........S4re5e

Cor2

80000000000000000000000000000000000000.........8ers

s


4/23

INDE$ OF AUTHORITIES

A%ts& Statut's& L'islations)• T3e Cons2i22ion o; Inia% 19+<

• T3e Re4resen2a2ion o; Peo4le Ac2% 19+<

Cas's)

Foreign =ge5en2s>

• R. 8. Jones……………………………………………………………………?19)@ " S.C.R. "$

• United Democratic Movement 8.

President of the Republic of South Africa………0000000000..."$*" CC

Inian =ge5en2s>

• B.R. Patil S/ Ramachandrappa 8.

Ra!eev "handrashe#ar$ Ma!or % rs…………………………………….ILR "


5/23


6/23

STATEMENT OF FACTS

T3e Re4resen2a2ion o; Peo4le Ac2% 19+1 is a5ene 67 23e Parlia5en2 on " 23 Ags2% "23e A5en5en2 Ac2 o; "ali;ica2ions ;or 5e56ers3i4 o; 23e Concil o; S2a2es. T3e a5en5en2 3as re5o8e 23e

ali;ica2ion o; o5icile ;or 23e 5e56ers3i4 o; 23e Concil o; S2a2es. T3e a5ene sec2ion is

rea as>

Gali;ica2ion o; 5e56ers3i4 23e Concil o; S2a2es. - A 4erson s3all no2 6e ali;ie 2o 6e

c3osen as a re4resen2a2i8e o; an7 S2a2e or Union 2erri2or7 in 23e Concil o; S2a2es nless 3e is an

elec2or ;or a Parlia5en2ar7 cons2i2enc7 in Inia.

Sec2ion +9 an 1" o; 23e Ac2 is also a5ene. I2 4ro8ie ;or secre2 6allo2 s7s2e5 ;or 23e

elec2ion o; 5e56ers o; 23e Concil o; S2a2es. T3e a5ene Sec2ion +9 is rea as>

(anner o; 8o2ing a2 elec2ions.JA2 e8er7 elec2ion :3ere a 4oll is 2aKen 8o2es s3all 6e gi8en 67

6allo2 in sc3 5anner as 5a7 6e 4rescri6e% 1?an% sa8e as e4ressl7 4ro8ie 67 23is Ac2% no

8o2es s3all 6e recei8e 67 4ro7.

Pro8ie 23a2 23e 8o2es a2 e8er7 elec2ion 2o ;ill a sea2 or sea2s in 23e Concil o; S2a2es s3all 6e

gi8en 67 o4en 6allo2.

Sec2ion 1" is rea as>

(ain2enance o; Secrec7 o; 8o2ing.J1 E8er7 o;;icer% clerK% agen2 or o23er 4erson :3o 4er;or5s

an7 27 in connec2ion :i23 23e recoring or con2ing o; 8o2es a2 an elec2ion s3all 5ain2ain% an

ai in 5ain2aining% 23e secrec7 o; 23e 8o2ing an s3all no2 ece42 ;or so5e 4r4ose a23orise

67 or ner an7 la: co55nica2e 2o an7 4erson an7 in;or5a2ion calcla2e 2o 8iola2e sc3

secrec7>

Pro8ie 23a2 23e 4ro8isions o; 23is s6-sec2ion s3all no2 a44l7 2o sc3 o;;icer% clerK% agen2 or

o23er 4erson :3o 4er;or5s an7 sc3 27 a2 an elec2ion 2o ;ill a sea2 or sea2s in 23e Concil o;

S2a2es.

" An7 4erson :3o con2ra8enes 23e 4ro8isions o; s6-sec2ion 1 s3all 6e 4nis3a6le :i23

i54rison5en2 ;or a 2er5 :3ic3 5a7 e2en 2o 23ree 5on23s or :i23 ;ine or :i23 6o23.


7/23

ISSUE RAISED

1. HETHER THE DELETION OF DO(ICILE FRO( SECTION ! IS

UNCONSTITUTIONALM

". HETHER THE INTRODUCTION SECREC, OF OTIN& S,STE( FOR

ELECTION OF (E(BERS OF THE COUNCIL OF STATES IS OILATIN&

CONSTITUTIONM

SUMMARY OF AR+UMENTS

," -HETHER THE DELETION OF ‘DOMICILE’ FROM SECTION . IS

UNCONSTITUTIONAL/

Sec2ion ! o; 23e Re4resen2a2ion o; Peo4le Ac2% 19+1 a;2er 23e A5en5en2 Ac2 o; "re5o8e o5icile as a ali;ica2ion ;or 5e56ers3i4 o; 23e Concil o; S2a2es. T3e


8/23

a5en5en2 is no2 ncons2i22ional. I2 nei23er 8iola2es 23e ;eeral s2rc2re o; 23e Concil

o; S2a2es nor is 8iola2ing 23e ;eeral s2rc2re o; 23e Inian Cons2i22ion.Resience is no2 an essen2ial reire5en2 or essence o; 23e Concil o; S2a2es.

re4resen2a2i8e o; eac3 s2a2e oes no2 eno2e 23a2 23e re4resen2a2i8e s3ol 6e an orinar7

ci2ien or resien2 o; 23a2 4lace.

0" -HETHER THE INTRODUCTION SECRECY OF !OTIN+ SYSTEM FOR

ELECTION OF MEM#ERS OF THE COUNCIL OF STATES IS !OILATIN+

CONSTITUTION/

Sec2ion +9 4rescri6es 23e 5anner o; 8o2ing. T3e a5en5en2 in 23e Ac2 is no2 8iola2i8e o;

Ar2icle 19$ an e8en oes no2 in;ringes Ar2icle 19. Hence% i2 is no2 8iola2i8e o; 23e

Cons2i22ion. An a4ar2 i2 3el4s in 5ain2aining 4ri27 o; elec2ions.


9/23

PLEADIN+SPLEADIN+S

CC ONTENTIONONTENTION ,) D,) DELETIONELETION OFOF ‘‘DOMICILEDOMICILE’’ FROMFROM SSECEC" ." . OFOF TTHEHE R R EPRESENTATIONEPRESENTATION

OFOF PPEOPLEEOPLE AACTCT1 ,23,1 ,23, ISIS NOTNOT UNCONSTITUTIONALUNCONSTITUTIONAL""

Sec2ion ! o; 23e Re4resen2a2ion o; Peo4les Ac2% 19+1 4ro8ies 23e ali;ica2ions ;or 5e56ers3i4

o; 23e Concil o; S2a2es. Prior 2o 23e A5en5en2 Ac2 $< o; "

23e Concil o; S2a2es % 3e 3as 2o 6e an elec2or ;or a Parlia5en2ar7 Cons2i2enc7 in 23a2 S2a2e or

2erri2or7. B2 a;2er 23e i54gne a5en5en2% 23ere is no nee 2o 6e an elec2or ;or a

Parlia5en2ar7 Cons2i2enc7 o; 23e S2a2e or 2erri2or7 2o 6e ali;ie as a re4resen2a2i8e o; 23a2

S2a2e or 2erri2or7 in 23e Concil o; S2a2es.

CCONTENTIONONTENTION ,",) T,",) THEHE IIMPU+NEDMPU+NED AAMENDMENTMENDMENT DDOESOES NNOTOT !!IOLATEIOLATE TTHEHE FFEDERALEDERAL

SSTRUCTURETRUCTURE OFOF TTHEHE CCOUNCILOUNCIL OFOF SSTATESTATES

Inian Cons2i22ion is asi-;eeral in na2re. I2 is no 4ar2 o; Feeral 4rinci4le 23a2 23e

re4resen2a2i8es o; 23e S2a2es 5s2 6elong 2o 23a2 S2a2e. T3ere is no sc3 4rinci4le iscerni6le as

an essen2ial a22ri62e o; Feeralis5% e8en in 23e 8arios ea54les o; 44er c3a56er in o23er

con2ries. T3s% 23e i54gne a5en5en2 is no2 8iola2i8e o; ;eeral c3arac2er o; 23e

Cons2i22ion.

C ONTENTION 1.1.1: I N T RUE S ENSE , I NDIA I S N OT F EDERAL BUT QUASI -F EDERAL


10/23

Inian Feera2ion is a nie ;eera2ion. I2 is a class 67 i2sel;. I2 oes no2 ;i2 in an7 o; 23e nor5s

acce42e ;or a ;eeral Cons2i22ion.1 In 23e case o; State of est Ben,al v. Union of &ndia1% Inia

Cons2i22ion :as escri6e as a Cons2i22ion :3ic3 is no2 2re 2o an7 2rai2ional 4a22ern o;

;eera2ion. In 2re sense% Inian Cons2i22ion is 6o23 ni2ar7 an ;eeral a2 23e sa5e 2i5e.

In 23e case o; State of arnata#a v. Union of &ndia % Anr .2% =s2ice Un2:alia o6ser8e 23a2 Inian

Cons2i22ion is asi-;eeral in na2re. He sai 23a2 or Cons2i22ion is no2 o; a ;eeral c3arac2er

:3ere se4ara2e% ine4enen2 an so8ereign S2a2e col 6e sai 2o 3a8e oine 2o ;or5 a na2ion as

in 23e Uni2e S2a2es o; A5erica or as 5a7 6e 23e 4osi2ion in so5e o23er con2ries o; 23e :orl. I2

is 6ecase o; 23a2 reason 23a2 so5e2i5es i2 3as 6een c3arac2erie as asi-;eeral in na2re.

3ile consiering 23e ;eeral c3arac2er o; Inian Cons2i22ion% =s2ice A.(. A35ai sai 23a2 23e

Cons2i22ion o; Inia is i;;eren2l7 escri6e% 5ore a44ro4ria2el7 as asi- ;eeral 6ecase i2 is a

5i2re o; 23e ;eeral an ni2ar7 ele5en2s% leaning 5ore 2o:ars 23e la22er 62 23en :3a2 is

23ere in a na5e% :3a2 is i54or2an2 2o 6ear in 5in is 23e 23rs2 an i54lica2ions o; 23e 8arios

4ro8isions o; 23e Cons2i22ion 6earing on 23e con2ro8ers7 in regar 2o sco4e an a56i2 o; 23e

Presien2ial 4o:er ner Ar2icle !+) an rela2e 4ro8isions.$ B2 23en% Inia is no2 a ;eeral S2a2e

in 23e 2rai2ional sense o; 23e 2er5. T3ere can 6e no o62 as 2o 23e ;ac2% an 23is is o; 25os2

signi;icance ;or 4r4oses a2 3an% 23a2 in 23e con2e2 o; Inia% 23e 4rinci4le o; ;eeralis5 is no2

2erri2or7 rela2e. T3is is e8ien2 ;ro5 23e ;ac2 23a2 Inia is no2 a 2re ;eera2ion ;or5e 67

agree5en2 6e2:een 8arios S2a2es an 2erri2oriall7 i2 is o4en 2o 23e Cen2ral &o8ern5en2 ner

Ar2icle ! o; 23e Cons2i22ion% no2 onl7 2o c3ange 23e 6onaries% 62 e8en 2o e2ingis3 a S2a2e. +

Fr23er% :3en i2 co5es 2o eercising 4o:ers% 23e7 are :eig3e 3ea8il7 in ;a8or o; 23e Cen2re% so

1 Sa2a . (ano3ar % "onstitutional +a0 of &ndia !r ei2ion% "


11/23


12/23

li5i2a2ion :3ic3 :ill no2 o4era2e 4on a lo:er 4o:er an 23ere :ol 6e no 4arao sa5e

gens% 23e7 o4era2e a2 i;;eren2 ;iels an are 23ere;ore s6ec2 2o i;;eren2 li5i2a2ions. As ;ar as

23e o4inion o; C3ie; =s2ice Ra7 is concerne 3e 6elie8es 23a2 orinar7 la:s s3all no2 6e s6ec2

2o 23e 2es2 o; Basic S2rc2re as 67 oing so one :ol Gea2e legisla2i8e 5easres :i23

Cons2i22ion A5en5en2.* Accoring 2o =s2ice Ra in 23e sa5e case% a44lica2ion o; 6asic

s2rc2re oc2rinal rle :ill 5ean re:ri2ing 23e Cons2i22ion an ro66ing 23e Legisla2re o; ac2ing

:i23in 23e ;ra5e:orK o; 23e Cons2i22ion. Si5ilar can 6e in;erre ;ro5 g5en2 in State of

arnata#a v. Union of &ndia and Anr 4

Feeralis5 is 23e 6asic s2rc2re o; Inian Cons2i22ion. B2 Inian Cons2i22ion is no2 ;eeral in

2re sense. I2 can 6e consiere as asi-;eeral. Since% Inia is no2 ;eeral in s2ric2 sense an 23e

Concil o; S2a2es is no2 o; ;eeral c3arac2er. T3s% 23e i54gne a5en5en2 is no2 a;;ec2ing o;

;eeral c3arac2er o; 23e Concil o; S2a2es. A4ar2% 23e oc2rine o; 6asic s2rc2re oes no2 a44l7 2o

23e orinar7 la:. Hence% 23e i54gne a5en5en2 is no2 ncons2i22ional.

7 AIR 19*+ SC ""99

8 AIR 19* SC ).


13/23

CCONTENTIONONTENTION ,"0) R ,"0) R ESIDENCEESIDENCE IISS NNOTOT A CA CONSTITUTIONALONSTITUTIONAL R R E4UIREMENTE4UIREMENT

Ar2icle $ o; 23e Cons2i22ion o; Inia 4ro8ies 23e ali;ica2ion ;or 5e56ers3i4 o; Concil o;

S2a2es. As 4er 23e ar2icle% a 4erson 3as 2o 6e a ci2ien o; Inia an o; age !< 7ears or a6o8e. T3e

2er5 resience as arge 67 23e 4e2i2ioner is no2 an essence o; 23e Concil o; S2a2es as i2 is no

3ere 5en2ione in 23e Cons2i22ion 23a2 a 4erson 2o 6e a 5e56er 3as 2o 6e a resien2 an 23e 2er5

re4resen2a2i8e o; eac3 s2a2e as 5en2ione in Ar2icle


14/23

23is ali;ica2ion 3a8e lea 2o 8arios 5al4rac2ices sc3 as ;orging 23e oc5en2s 2o 6e an

elec2or o; 23e S2a2e or 23e 2erri2or7. B7 23e i54gne a5en5en2% 23e ali;ica2ion is 5ae

6roaer an 23e a5en5en2 6eca5e necessar7 ;or ensring re4resen2a2ion o; nre4resen2e

S2a2es.

T3ere is no cons2i22ional reire5en2 ;or a 5e56er o; 23e Concil o; S2a2es 2o 6e an elec2or or

orinar7 ci2ien o; 23e S2a2e 3e or s3e is re4resen2s an% 23ere;ore 23e :or S2a2e a44earing in

clase $ o; Ar2icle


15/23

ali;ica2ion :as a ;a5il7 :elling 4lace or a 4lace :3ere 23e elec2or orinaril7 resie.

T3ere;ore% 23e ali;ica2ion o; resience :as no2 ni;or5. I2 e4ene 4on local coni2ions. I2

e;erre ;ro5 4ro8ince 2o 4ro8ince.

A2 23is s2age% :e 5a7 clari;7 23a2 ner s2ric2 ;eeralis5% 23e Lo:er Hose re4resen2s 23e 4eo4le

an 23e U44er Hose consis2s o; 23e Union o; 23e Feera2ion. In s2ric2 ;eeralis5 6o23 23e

C3a56ers 3a eal legisla2i8e an ;inancial 4o:ers. Ho:e8er% in 23e Inian con2e2% s2ric2

;eeralis5 :as no2 ao42e.

T3e Concil o; S2a2e ner 23e &I Ac2 6eca5e Concil o; S2a2es ner 23e Cons2i22ion o; Inia.

T3is ;ac2 is i54or2an2. In 23is connec2ion% :e 3a8e 2o looK in2o 23e 5in2es o; 23e Union

Cons2i22ion Co55i22ee :3ic3 recore 8ie I2e5 "1 23e 5anner o; co542ing :eig32

4ro4or2ional re4resen2a2ion 6ase on 4o4la2ion s2reng23. T3e sai 5in2es ;r23er s3o: 23e

reco55ena2ion 23a2 23e U44er Hose s3ol incle scien2is2s% 2eac3ers e2c. ;or :3ic3 4r4ose%

23e Presien2 s3ol 6e gi8en a23ori27 2o no5ina2e. T3e necessi27 o; 23e U44er C3a56er :as

also 23e s6ec2 5a22er o; e6a2e in 23e Cons2i2en2 Asse56l7 on "23 =l7% 19$*. T3ese e6a2es

inica2e 23e 4r4ose ;or 3a8ing 23e U44er C3a56er. T3e o6ec2 o; 23e U44er C3a56er as

en8isage :as 2o 3ol igni;ie e6a2es on i54or2an2 isses an 2o s3are 23e e4erience o;

seasone 4ersons :3o :ere e4ec2e 2o 4ar2ici4a2e in 23e e6a2e :i23 an a5on2 o; learning.

Finall7% on "23 =l7% 19$*% a 4olic7 ecision :as 2aKen 67 23e Cons2i2en2 Asse56l7 23a2 23e

Feeral Parlia5en2 s3all consis2 o; 2:o c3a56ers.

In 23e ;irs2 ra;2 Cons2i22ion% For23 Sc3ele rela2e 2o 23e co54osi2ion o; 23e Feeral

Parlia5en2. Paragra43 1 o; Par2 I o; 23e For23 Sc3ele eal2 :i23 23e general ali;ica2ions ;or

23e 5e56ers :3ic3 incle ci2iens3i4 an 5ini55 age o; no2 less 23an !+ 7ears in 23e case

o; a sea2 in 23e Concil o; S2a2es. T3e sai 4aragra43 ;r23er s2a2e 23a2 a4ar2 ;ro5 ci2iens3i4

an age ali;ica2ions% i2 :ol 6e o4en 2o 23e Parlia5en2 2o escri6e an7 o23er ali;ica2ion as

5a7 6e a44ro4ria2e. Paragra43 ) o; Par2 I o; 23e For23 Sc3ele a44ene 2o 23e ;irs2 ra;2


16/23

Cons2i22ion 4ro8ie ;or 23e ali;ica2ion o; resience in a S2a2e ;or a cania2e 2o 6e c3osen 2o

23e Concil o; S2a2es. Clase )< o; 23e ;irs2 ra;2 Cons2i22ion s2a2e 23a2 all 5a22ers rela2ing 2o or

connec2e :i23 elec2ions 2o ei23er Hose o; 23e Feeral Parlia5en2 s3all 6e regla2e 67 23e

For23 Sc3ele% nless o23er:ise 4ro8ie 67 23e Ac2 o; 23e Feeral Parlia5en2. E543asis

s44lie. Ho:e8er% 23e For23 Sc3ele :as o5i22e 67 23e Dra;2ing Co55i22ee. T3is :as on

1123 Fe6rar7% 19$. T3ere;ore% :i23 23is ele2ion% 23e reire5en2 o; resience :as one a:a7

:i23.

C ONTENTION 1.2.2: T HE T ERM ‘R EPRESENTATIVE OF E ACH S TATE ’ I N C LAUSE 4 OF A RTICLE

! OF T HE C ONSTITUTION OF I NDIA DOES N OT I MPLY O RDINARY C ITI"EN O R E LECTOR

Ar2icle


17/23

A 5e56er o; Concil o; S2a2es re4resen2ing a 4ar2iclar s2a2e is elec2e 67 23e 5e56ers o; S2a2e

Legisla2i8e Asse56l7 o; 23a2 S2a2e. Sec2ion ) o; 23e a5ene Ac2 s2ill 3as reire5en2 o;

o5icile 2o 6e a 5e56er o; S2a2e Legisla2i8e Asse56l7. T3ese 5e56ers are in 6es2 4osi2ion 2o

elec2 a re4resen2a2i8e o; 23e S2a2e in 23e Concil o; S2a2es :3e23er 23a2 re4resen2a2i8e 6e a

resien2 o; 23e S2a2e or no2.

T3e conce42 o; orinaril7 resience can 6e ners2oo 67 23e Sec2ion "


18/23

CCONTENTIONONTENTION 0) S0) SECRECYECRECY OFOF !!OTIN+OTIN+

Sec2ion +9 o; 23e Re4resen2a2ion o; Peo4le Ac2% 19+1 4rescri6es 23e 5anner o; 8o2ing. Prior 2o

23e i54gne a5en5en2% 23ere :as a s7s2e5 o; secre2 8o2ing. B2 a;2er 23e A5en5en2 Ac2 $<

o; "a5en5en2 is cons2i22ional an nei23er 3as i2 8iola2e ;reeo5 o; e4ression nor a;;ec2 ;ree an

;air elec2ions.

CCONTENTIONONTENTION 0",) T0",) THEHE SSECRECYECRECY OFOF !!OTIN+OTIN+ AAFFECTSFFECTS PPURITYURITY OFOF EELECTIONLECTION

T3e a5en5en2 in 23e ins2an2 case is 6rog32 :i23 23e o6ec2 o; 4ri27 in 23e elec2ion 4rocess.

As 4er Sec2ion 1"!11"% 6ri6er7 is an elec2oral o;;ence an a corr42 4rac2ice. T3is 4ro8ision

3as 6een 5ae :i23 23e 5ani;es2 o6ec2 o; ensring 4ri27 o; 23e elec2ion 4rocess. I2 5a7 6e a42

2o 4oin2 o2 23a2 4ri27 o; elec2ions a2 elec2ions 2o 23e Ra7a Sa63a 3as 6een gi8en a 4ri5e 4lace

in 23e sc3e5e o; or elec2ions 2o Parlia5en2% :3ere67 e8en 23e secrec7 o; 8o2es 3as 7iele 2o

23e 4rinci4le o; 4ri27 o; elec2ion 67 5aKing 23e 4olling 4rocess a2 23e elec2ions 2o 23e Ra7a

Sa63a an o4en eercise. Uner Rle !9AA o; 23e Conc2 o; Elec2ions Rles% 19)1% a2 23e 2i5e

o; 23e 4oll a2 elec2ions 2o 23e Ra7a Sa63a% e8er7 elec2or (LA 6elonging 2o a 4oli2ical 4ar27 3as

2o s3o: 3is 5arKe 6allo2 4a4er 2o 23e a23orie re4resen2a2i8e o; 3is 4ar27 6e;ore inser2ing i2

in2o 23e 6allo2 6o an an7 re;sal on 3is 4ar2 2o s3o: 3is 5arKe 6allo2 4a4er 2o 3is 4ar27re4resen2a2i8e :ol rener 3is 6allo2 4a4er lia6le 2o reec2ion.

12 T3e Re4resen2a2ion o; Peo4le Ac2% 19+1.


19/23

T3is a5en5en2 :as 5ae 2o ensre 4ri27 o; 23e elec2ions. Earlier% 23e sa5e 4rinci4le :as

s2resse 67 23e Hon6le S4re5e Cor2% :3ere67 23e S4re5e Cor2 3a 3el 23a2 GSecrec7 o;

6allo2% 23og3 no62el7% 23e 8i2al 4rinci4le ;or ensring ;ree an ;air elec2ions% i2 :as

ens3rine in la: 2o s6-ser8e 23e larger 46lic in2eres2% na5el7% 4ri27 o; elec2ion ;or ensring

;ree an ;air elec2ion. T3e7 can co-eis2 62 :3ere one is se 2o es2ro7 23e o23er% 23e ;irs2 one

5s2 7iel 2o 23e 4rinci4le o; 4ri27 o; elec2ion inlarger 46lic in2eres2.1!

CCONTENTIONONTENTION 0",) T0",) THEHE IIMPU+NEDMPU+NED AAMENDMENTMENDMENT DDOESOES NNOTOT IINFRIN+ENFRIN+E FFREEDOMREEDOM OFOF

EE$PRESSION$PRESSION UUNDER NDER AARTICLERTICLE ,2 O,2 OFF TTHEHE IINDIANNDIAN CCONSTITUTIONONSTITUTION

Ar2icle 19 con;ers se8eral ;reeo5s on 23e ci2iens. I2 4ro2ec2s 23e si ;reeo5s o; an Inian

ci2ien ;ro5 s2a2e ac2ion.1$ Freeo5 o; s4eec3 is one o; 23ese si ;reeo5s. I2 is 23e 6l:arK o;

e5ocra2ic go8ern5en2. T3is ;reeo5 is essen2ial ;or 23e 4ro4er ;nc2ioning o; 23e e5ocra2ic

4rocess.1+ o2ing a2 an elec2ion is also a ;or5 o; e4ression. 1) T3ere s3ol 6e ;ree an ;air

elec2ions 62 secre2 6allo2 is no2 an in;lei6le or 5ana2or7 4rocere ;or ;ree an ;air elec2ions.

O4en 6allo2 s7s2e5 oes no2 e;ea2 23e conce42 o; ;ree an ;air elec2ions. 1* Si5ilar rle :as

es2a6lis3e in 23e As2ralian g5en2 in R. v. Jones54

. T3e na2re o; elec2ions% na5el7 irec2 or inirec2% regla2es 23e conce42 o; rig32 2o 8o2e. 3ere elec2ions are irec2% secre2 8o2ing is

insis2e 4on. 3ere elec2ions are inirec2 an :3ere 5e56ers are c3osen 67 inirec2 5eans%

13 Ra,hbir Sin,h 'ill s. 'urcharan Sin,h -ohra% AIR 19< SC 1!)"

14 Shamdasani v. "entral Ban# of &ndia% AIR 19+" SC +9

15 (.P ain % -he &ndian "onstitution *23 ei2ion% "


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sc3 as% 67 4arlia5en2 or 67 legisla2i8e asse56l7 or 67 eec2i8e% 23en o4en 6allo2 can 6e

in2roce as a conce42 ner 23e elec2oral s7s2e5 o; 8o2ing. In 23e case o; irec2 elec2ions%

5e56ers are c3osen irec2l7 67 4o4lar 8o2e :3ic3 is no2 23e case ner inirec2 elec2ions.

T3ere;ore% i2 canno2 6e sai 23a2 23e conce42 o; o4en 6allo2 :ol e;ea2 23e a22ain5en2 o; ;ree

an ;air elec2ions.19

T3ere is a ;ine is2inc2ion ra:n 6e2:een rig32 2o 8o2e an ;reeo5 o; 8o2ing. In case o; J)oti

Basu 8. Debi 'oshal 16 i2 is 8ie:e 23a2 rig32 2o elec2% ;na5en2al 23og3 is 2o e5ocrac7% is

nei23er a ;na5en2al rig32 nor a co55on la: rig32% 62 4re an si54le% a s2a22or7 rig32. E8en

o23er:ise% 23ere is no 6asis 2o con2en 23a2 23e rig32 2o 8o2e an elec2 re4resen2a2i8es o; 23e S2a2e

in 23e Concil o; S2a2es is a Cons2i22ional rig32. Ar2icle < $ 5erel7 eals :i23 23e 5anner o;

elec2ion o; 23e re4resen2a2i8es in 23e Concil o; S2a2es as an as4ec2 o; 23e co54osi2ion o; 23e

Concil o; S2a2es. T3ere is no23ing in 23e Cons2i22ional 4ro8isions eclaring 23e rig32 2o 8o2e in

sc3 elec2ion as an a6sol2e rig32 ner 23e Cons2i22ion.

Hence% i2 can 6e in;erre 23a2 o4en 6allo2 s7s2e5 oes no2 8iola2e Ar2icle 19 an 3ence 23e

i54gne a5en5en2 is no2 ncons2i22ional.

CCONTENTIONONTENTION 0".) T0".) THEHE FFUNCTIONUNCTION OOFF MMEM#ERSEM#ERS OOFF LLE+ISLATI!EE+ISLATI!E AASSEM#LYSSEM#LY TTOO

!!OTEOTE FFOR OR EELECTIONSLECTIONS OOFF TTHEHE CCOUNCILOUNCIL OOFF SSTATESTATES IISS NNOTOT UUNDER NDER TTHEHE PPUR!IE-UR!IE-

OFOF AARTICLERTICLE ,25",25"

Ar2icle 19$ " 4rescri6es 23e 4ri8ileges o; 23e (e56ers o; 23e Legisla2i8e Asse56lies o; 23e

S2a2es :3o cons2i22e S2a2e :ise elec2oral colleges ;or elec2ing re4resen2a2i8es o; eac3 S2a2e in

23e Concil o; S2a2es ner 23e 4ro8isions o; Ar2icle < $. T3e ;reeo5 o; e4ression :i23o2

19 B.R. Patil S/ Ramachandrappa vs Ra!eev "handrashe#ar$ Ma!or And rs.$ ILR "


21/23

;ear o; legal conseences as ;lo:ing ;ro5 Ar2icle 19$" s3ol inre 2o 23e (e56ers o; 23e

Legisla2i8e Asse56lies :3ile isc3arging 23eir ;nc2ion as Elec2oral College ner Ar2icle


22/23

PRAYER FOR RELIEFPRAYER FOR RELIEF

T3ere;ore in 23e lig32 o; ;ac2s o; 23e case% isses raise% arg5en2s a8ance an a23ori2ies ci2e%

23is Cor2 5a7 6e 4lease 2o age an eclare 23a2>

1

"

All o; :3ic3 is res4ec2;ll7 s65i22e.

Place> Ne: Del3i

Da2e>


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kuldip nayyar v. uoi

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