12th FM-Gespraeche 2010

Optimizing Energy Decisions‘Energy commons’

byFred Klammt

Current power production

Future Energy commons

Supply or Demand based energy solution?

Energy Ladders

Carbon footprint ladder

Solar + Wind

Hydrogen Fuel Cell

Remote + Centralized

Regional

DE + Microgrid

Commons

Nuclear

Fossil Fuel

Efficiency ladder

Right sizing energy

• Energy balance needed• Appropriate use of energy

– Do we really want to heat a house with a nuclear breeder reactor?

– Do we really want to run a steel mill with wind mills?

D E R• De-Centralized Energy Resources

– Possible Energy Sources:• Combined heat power (CHP)• Micro combined heat and power (MicroCHP)

– Wood, Biomass, Cut grasses, etc.• Microturbines• Solar

– Thermal, Hi/Lo Temp, Stirling engines– Photovoltaic Systems

• Small, large Wind power systems• Reciprocating engines

– Cogen, Trigen• Fuel cells

Microgeneration manifesto

• GHG reduction requires widespread and systematic incorporation of microgeneration technologies into both new and existing buildings

• Carbon savings aside, spin-off benefits include: – greater energy security, – alleviation of fuel poverty – contribution towards the economic recovery through the

creation of ‘green jobs’

• The key pillars of Microgeneration Manifesto are: – cohesive, integrated financial support– comprehensive retro-fitting of microgeneration

technologies into existing building stock; – clear information on options for credible career options.

Energy commons tools

1. Permaculture 2. Biomimicry3. Cradle-to-Cradle™ 4. Industrial Ecology5. System dynamics6. Quality principles7. TBL: People, planet, profit

12 Permaculture Principles1. observe and interact2. catch and store energy3. obtain a yield4. apply self-regulation + accept feedback5. use and value renewable resources + services6. produce no waste7. design from patterns to details8. integrate rather than segregate9. use small and slow solutions10.use and value diversity11.use edges and value the marginal12.creatively use and respond to change

Permaculture Zones (energy zones)

0 = where we live1 = our garden, property2 = the surrounding forest, community3 = the larger support , farms4 = harvest forests5 = natural conservation forests6 = office, shop, factory

Cradle to cradle™3 basic principles: 1. Waste Equals Food

2. Use Current Solar Income3. Celebrate Diversity

Simulation software

Energy Commons 10 Criteria

1. Availability + Reliability Includes technology issues, local distances Continuity/Intermittency, Sustainability

2. First Cost Construction, investment, financing, capitalization,

3. Extraction + Delivery Difficulty of access to energy source, distribution, sharing

4. Conversion efficiency btu in/btu out[1] Supply Chain LCA for energy input vs useful output

5. Social + Political Constraints Cultural regards, political considerations,

6. Risk: Chemical, security Potential risk of toxic exposures, security risks

7. Technology Where on tech innovation curve is this energy source

8. O+M costs What are the long term O+M costs? How often will

major maintenance be needed?

9. Carbon intensity gCO2e/MJ Emissionpollutant = Activity * Emission Factorpollutant[2]

10. Power intensity Measure of overall energy efficiency[3]

Energy Commons 10 Criteria

Evaluation criteria

• 1. Availability + Reliability• 2. First cost• 3. Extraction+delivery • 4. Conversion eff btu/btu• 5. Social+political constraints• 6. Risk:Chemical + Secuity• 7. Technology• 8. O+M costs• 9. Carbon intensity gCO2e/MJ• 10. Power intensity

Leveraging

Science +

Technology

Solar energy is plentiful►Introduction

Renewable Energy

Technologies

• Scalability– Small-medium-large

• Solar– Passive– Thermal (active, passive)

• Hi Temp (ie: Stirling)

• Lo Temp– PV– Cooling

• Wind

• Geothermal– Heat pumps– Earth pipes– other

Regulatory Environment

• Federal + State Laws● Rebate programs + Rqm’ts● www.dsire.com

• Building Codes• Regulatory Agencies

• California AB32, SB2075, etc

• Utilities● CA: PG+E, SCE

● Feed-in tariffs

Carbon Abatement Cost for various Energy End-uses

Next generation light bulb - plasma?http://greentechnolog.com/state/california/

Where to start

1. Standards2. Measurement3. Data

4. Metrics5. Benchmarking6. Improvement

http://www.coolcalifornia.org/article/calculator

Current DER in California

Achieving AB 32 Targets in Buildings

Source: Rick Diamond PhD, LBNL

Business as usual

New Construction

Renovation

Existing Buildings

Reductions needed

2020 Target

2050 Target

One More Motivation…

END

QuestionsDiscussions