kpi for effective corrosion management

6
8/13/2019 Kpi for Effective Corrosion Management http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kpi-for-effective-corrosion-management 1/6 KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR DEMONSTRATING EFFECTIVE CORROSION MANAGEME THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY D.M.E. Queen Shell (UK) Exploration Production (also operating on behalf of Esso) Lothing Depot, North Quay Lowestoft, NR32 2TH, United Kingdom B.R. Ridd, C.Packman CorrOcean Ltd Sackville Place, Magdalen Street Norwich, NR3 1JU, United Kingdom ABSTRACT This paper describes work undertaken to raise awareness of maintaining the integrity of offshore plant and pipeline use of Key Performance Indicators (KPI s) in corrosion management activities. This provides a method of monito improving the performance of corrosion management activities within the Oil and Gas industry and provides an ena cost improvement. The performance indicators have been developed as a simple and demonstrable method of measu cost of corrosion, the performance and effectiveness of corrosion inhibition and provide a metric for the relia corrosion inhibition equipment. Keywords: key performance indicators, corrosion management, corrosion monitoring, inhibition, integrity. ~TRODUCTION Key drivers for improved corrosion management are accurate and concise reporting of corrosion performance with the provision of management information in readily interpretable terms. Achieving these aims can co significantly to the overall objectives of improving, safeguarding and maintaining plant integrity as well as sign improving cost performance. There is a ready tendency for the reporting of corrosion information to overly concentrate on the technical perform the facilities, i.e., much reliance is placed on providing technical data citing corrosion rates and displaying corrosion Whilst this is important to corrosion professionals it can be relatively meaningless to those with overall man responsibility for the particular asset in question. It is therefore incumbent on corrosion engineers to interp communicate the effectiveness of corrosion mitigation practices in a way that is not only understandable by the non t specialist, but also in a way that conveys performance or indeed change in performance. What constitutes ac performance however may well vary from asset to asset or company to company. This paper concentrates on a nu 01056 CORROSION 200 Paper No.

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Page 1: Kpi for Effective Corrosion Management

8/13/2019 Kpi for Effective Corrosion Management

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K E Y P E R F O R M A N C E I N D IC A T O R S F O R D E M O N S T R A T I N G E F F E C T I V E C O R R O S I O N M A N A G E M E

T H E O I L A N D G A S IN D U S T R Y

D.M .E . Qu e e n

Shell (UK) Explorat ion Production

(also operating on beh alf of Esso)Lothing D epot , North Q uay

L owe s to f t, NR32 2T H , U n i te d Ki n gd om

B . R . R i d d , C . P a c k m a n

Cor r Oc e an L tdSackvil le Place, Magdalen Street

Nor wi c h , NR 3 1JU, Un ite d Ki n gd om

A B S T R A C T

T h i s p a p e r d e sc r i b e s w o r k u n d e r t a k e n t o r a i s e a w a r e n e s s o f m a i n t a i n in g t h e in t e g r it y o f o f f sh o r e p l an t a n d p i p e l i n e

u se o f K e y P e r f o r m a n c e I n d i c a t o r s ( K P I s ) i n c o r r o s i o n m a n a g e m e n t a c t iv i t ie s . T h i s p r o v i d e s a m e t h o d o f m o n i t o

i m p r o v i n g t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f c o r r o s i o n m a n a g e m e n t a c t i v it i e s w i th i n t h e O i l a n d G a s i n d u s t r y a n d p r o v i d e s a n e n a

c o s t i m p r o v e m e n t . T h e p e r f o r m a n c e i n d i c a to r s h a v e b e e n d e v e l o p e d a s a s i m p l e an d d e m o n s t r a b l e m e t h o d o f m e a su

c o s t o f c o r r o s i o n , t h e p e r f o r m a n c e a n d e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f c o r r o s i o n i n h i b it i o n a n d p r o v i d e a m e t r ic f o r t h e r e li a

c o r r o s i o n i n h i b it i o n e q u i p m e n t .

K e y w o r d s : k e y p e r f o r m a n c e i n d i c a t o rs , c o r r o s i o n m a n a g e m e n t , c o r r o s i o n m o n i t o r i n g , in h i b i ti o n , i n t e g r it y .

~ T R O D U C T I O N

K e y d r i v e r s f o r i m p r o v e d c o r r o s i o n m a n a g e m e n t a r e a c c u r a t e a n d c o n c i s e r e p o r t in g o f c o r r o s i o n p e r f o r m a n c e w i t h t h e p r o v is i o n o f m a n a g e m e n t i n f o r m a t i o n i n r e a d i l y i n te r p r e t a b le t er m s . A c h i e v i n g t h e se a i m s c a n c o

s ign i f i can t ly to the ove ra l l ob jec t ives o f imp roving , sa fegua rd ing and ma in ta in ing p l an t i n t egr i ty a s we l l a s s ign

i m p r o v i n g c o s t p e r f o r m a n c e .

T h e r e i s a r e a d y t e n d e n c y f o r t h e r e p o r t in g o f c o r r o s i o n i n f o r m a t i o n to o v e r l y c o n c e n t r a te o n t h e t e c h n i c a l p e r f o r m

the fac i l i t i e s , i . e . , much re l i ance i s p l aced on provid ing t echnica l da t a c i t i ng cor ros ion ra t e s and d i sp lay ing cor ros ion

W h i l s t t h i s i s i m p o r t a n t t o c o r r o s i o n p r o f e s s i o n a l s i t c a n b e r e l a t i v e l y m e a n i n g l e s s t o t h o se w i t h o v e r a l l m a n

respons ib i l i t y fo r t he pa r t i cu la r a sse t i n ques t ion . I t i s t he re fo re incum ben t on cor ros ion engine e rs t o in t e rp

c o m m u n i c a t e t h e e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f c o r r o s i o n m i t ig a t i o n p r a c t ic e s i n a w a y t h a t i s n o t o n l y u n d e r s t a n d a b l e b y t h e n o n t

sp e c ia l is t , b u t a lso i n a w a y t h a t c o n v e y s p e r f o r m a n c e o r in d e e d c h a n g e i n p e r f o r m a n c e . W h a t c o n s t i t u t e s a c

p e r f o r m a n c e h o w e v e r m a y w e l l v a r y f r o m a s set to a s se t o r c o m p a n y t o c o m p a n y . T h i s p a p e r c o n c e n t r a t e s o n a n u

01056

CORROSION200Paper No.

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K E Y P E R F O R M A N C E I N D I C A T O R S ( K e I s )

T h e i m p o r t a n c e o f m e a n i n g f u l m a n a g e m e n t i n f o r m a t i o n i s o f t e n h i g h li g h t e d w h e n o p e r a t i o n a l p r o b l e m s a r is e , h o w

i s m u c h m o r e u s e f u l t o k n o w b e f o r e h a n d w h a t d e t r i m e n t a l p r o c e s s e s a r e r e l e v a n t i n a g i v e n p r o d u c t i o n o p e r a t i o n a n

b e i n c o n t r o l o f t h a t p r o c e s s . I t is t h e r e f o r e f u n d a m e n t a l t o t h e a s s e s s m e n t o f th e l o n g t e r m v a l u e o f th e p r o d u c t i o n f

t h a t t h e r e is a n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e t e c h n i c a l t h r e a ts p o s e d t o t h e m . I n m a n y c a s e s c o r r o s i o n i s h i g h o n t h e p r i o r i t y

t h re a t s. I t is t h e r e f o r e i m p o r t a n t t o u n d e r s ta n d f r o m a b u s i n e s s c a s e p o i n t o f v i e w h o w m u c h i n i n t e g r i ty a n d f i n a n c i

do t hese t h rea t s pose . Un der s t an d ing t he t h rea t / cos t r e l a t i onsh ip can t hen be used t o p l an o r ass i s t i n main t a in ing t h

in t eg r i t y and p ro f i t ab i l i t y o f t he asse t .

T y p i c a l l y m a n a g e m e n t i n f o r m a t i o n is r e q u i re d o n t h e p r e d i c t e d c o s t s o f th e p r o b l e m , t h e r i s k s i n v o l v e d , t h e r e m a i n

o f th e a f f e c t e d e q u i p m e n t a n d w h a t c a n b e d o n e t o i m p r o v e o r e r a d i c a t e th e p r o b l e m . T h e K P I ' s d e s c r i b e d b e l o

d e v e l o p e d s p e c i f i c a l ly to m e a s u r e t h e e f f e c t o f c o r r o s i o n o n t h e t e c h n i c a l a n d f i n a n c ia l p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e a s s e ts i

a n d t o a d d r e s s th e p e r f o r m a n c e o f p a r t i c u la r c r it ic a l c o r r o s i o n r e la t e d s y s t e m s , h o w e v e r t h e s a m e m e t h o d o l o g y c

a p p l i e d t o o t h e r s y s t e m s . T h e t h r e e K P I ' s d e v e l o p e d w e r e :

C o s t o f c o r r o s io n .

> Cor ros ion i nh ib i t i on l eve l .

~ E q u i p m e n t m a i n t e n a n c e c o m p l e t e d .

C o s t o f C o r r o s io n K P I

T h e c o s t o f c o r r o s i o n K P I w a s d e v e l o p e d t o c o n v e r t t h e a m o u n t o f c o r ro s i o n d a m a g e s u s t a i n e d d u r i n g a g i v e n m o

p e r i o d t o a m o n e t a r y f i g u r e w h i c h p r o v i d e s c l e a r e r f o c u s o n c o r r o s i o n m a n a g e m e n t p e r f o r m a n c e . F a c t o r s c o n s i d e r e

t h is K P I a r e e x i s t in g d a m a g e s u s t a in e d p r i o r t o th e m o n i t o r i n g p e r io d , t h e c o s t o f r e p a i r o r r e p l a c e m e n t a n d t h e

s e r v i c e li f e o f t h e p la n t . P e r f o r m a n c e c a n t h e n b e c o m p u t e d i n t e r m s o f t h e c o s t o f d a m a g e i n t he l a s t m o n i t o r i n g p e

a n n u a l d a m a g e c o s t a n d / o r l i f e c y c l e c o s t s.

T h e c o s t o f c o r r o s i o n d a m a g e (Ccorr) s u s ta i n e d i n m o n i t o r in g p e r i o d c a n b e d e r i v e d f r o m :

c° r r ~ -F - ~ (

w h e r e ,

CcorrNcRcostFLD p

= C o s t o f c o r r o s i o n d a m a g e i n m o n i t o r e d p e r i o d ( £ )

= E s t i m a t e d n u m b e r o f r e p l a c e m e n t c y c l e s t o e n d o f s e r v i c e li f e (r o u n d e d d o w n t o n e a r e s t i n t e g e r )

= R e p l a c e m e n t c o s t ( i n c l u d i n g lo s t p r o d u c t c o s t ) ( £)

= R e q u i r e d r e m a i n i n g f i e l d l i fe ( y e a r s )

= D a y s i n m o n i t o r i n g p e r i o d ( d a y s)

I f h o w e v e r t h e c a l c u l a te d r e m n a n t l i f e o f th e c o m p o n e n t (RLc) ( see Equat i on 3 ) i s g rea t e r t han t he f i e l d l i f e (FL

c a n b e a s s u m e d t o b e = 0 . T h i s i s b a s e d o n t h e a s s u m p t i o n t h a t th e K P I i s a p e r f o r m a n c e i n d i c a t o r re f l e c t i n g t h e e

o p e r a t i n g c o s t s ( O p e x ) a n d d o e s n o t c o n s i d e r d e p r e c i a t i o n a g a i n s t t h e i n i ti a l c a p it a l c o s t ( C a p e x ) .

T h e n u m b e r o f r e p la c e m e n t c y c l e s (Nc) c a n b e e s ti m a t e d f r o m

N c = ( l + ( R '-'~ R ) (

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w h e r e ,

RLc

RLR

RLc a n d RL~ are d e r i v e d f r o m :

= R e m n a n t l if e o f c u rr e n t c o m p o n e n t ( y e a r s)

= R e m n a n t l i fe o f r e p la c e m e n t c o m p o n e n t s ( y e a r s )

RLc= CA-DT),.R

w h e r e ,

(

CA*

DT

CR

= C o r r o s i o n a l l o w a n c e ( d e s i g n o r f it n e s s f o r p u r p o s e ) ( r a m )

= D a m a g e t o d a t e ( m m )

= M e a s u r e d c o r r o s io n r a t e ( m m / y e a r )

* C o r r o s i o n A l l o w a n c e - T h i s d e p e n d s o n t h e t y p e o f d e f e c t a n t i c ip a t e d w h i c h n e e d s t o b e i d e n t i f i e d b y i n s p e c t i o n . O

d e f e c t g e o m e t r y i s k n o w n a n d t h e p r o c e s s p a r a m e t e r s i d e n t i f i e d , t h e m a x i m u m a l l o w a b l e d e f e c t s i z e m a y b e c a l c u l a t ef i t n e ss f o r p u r p o s e c r i t e r i a to e n s u r e t h a t f a i l u r e d o e s n o t o c c u r .

T h e a b o v e f o r m u l a e h a v e b e e n d e v e l o p e d f r o m a n a c t u a l p i p e w o r k m o n i t o r i n g a n d r e p l a c e m e n t p r o g r a m a s a r

i n t e r n a l c o r r o s i o n e f f e c t s . B o t h r e p l a c e m e n t c o s t Rcost), c o m p o n e n t r e m n a n t l i f e RLc) and f i e ld l i fe FL) are k e y f a

t h is m e t h o d a n d r e f l e c t t h e n e e d f o r a c c u r a t e c o s t i n g o f in s t a l la t i o n a n d r e p l a c e m e n t a c t i v i ti e s t o b e u n d e r s t o o d . R

f i e ld l i f e i s n o t n e c e s s a r i l y t h e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n i n s t al l a t io n a n d d e s i g n l i v e s b u t m o r e l i k e l y t h e t i m e r e m a i n i n g u n t i

f i e ld o r p roduc t ion l i fe .

o r r o s i o n i n h i b i t i o n l e v el K P I

T h i s K P I p r o v i d e s a p e r f o r m a n c e m e a s u r e o f th e a v a i l a b i l it y o f c o r r o s i o n i n h i b i t o r s t o p r o v i d e p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t c

p r o c e s s e s . T h e e f f e c t i v e n e s s p o t e n t i a l o f t h e i n h i b it o r c h e m i c a l w i l l h a v e b e e n d e t e r m i n e d f r o m a c o m b i n a t i o n o f l a

a n d f i e ld t e s t i n g to i d e n t i f y th e o p t i m u m c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t h e c h e m i c a l i n t h e p r o d u c e d f l u id s . T h e r e m a y o f c o

a p p l i c a t i o n s w h e r e i t is j u s t i f i e d t o a p p l y a d e g r e e o f o v e r i n j e c t i o n t o p r o v i d e p r o t e c t i o n t o d o w n s t r e a m f a c i li t i es w h

n o t p r a c t i c a l t o i n j e c t a t t h a t l o c a t i o n . H o w e v e r t h is i n s u r a n c e c a n a l s o b e g i v e n a t a r g e t l ev e l a n d s ti ll b e u s e d t o d e

a b e n c h m a r k o r t a r g e t l e v e l .

T h e K P I i t s e l f i s d e r i v e d f r o m a m e a s u r e o f t h e p r o d u c e d f l u i d s i n c l u d i n g w a t e r a n d h y d r o c a r b o n p h a s e s a n d t h e

i n j e c te d t o t h e p r o d u c e d f l u id s t r e a m t o p r o v i d e a c o r r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n h o w m u c h i n h i b i t o r s h o u l d b e i n t h e p r o d u c

s t r e a m v e r s e s a c t u a l i n j e c t e d i n h i b i t o r c o n c e n t r a t i o n s .

K P I % i n h i b i t o r a v a i l a b i l i t y lnhAv) i s t h e r e f o r e g i v e n b y :

v = I r l O 0w h e r e ,

Ca = A c t u a l c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f c o r r o s i o n i n h i b i t o r ( p p m )

Cr = R e q u i r e d c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f c o r r o s i o n i n h i b i t o r ( p p m )

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T h i s K P I w h e n d i r e c t l y c o r re l a t e d w i t h th e C o r r o s i o n C o s t K P I ( C c o r r ) p r o v i d e s a c l e a r i n d i c a t io n o f t h e c o

p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e a s s e t , i .e . , it i d e n ti f ie s q u i t e c l e a r l y w h e r e e f f e c t i v e a c ti o n c a n b e t a k e n t o i m p r o v e p e r f o r m a n c

e x a m p l e , d a m a g e c o s t s a r e s e e n t o in c r e a s e . C o r r e l a ti o n o f t he c o s t o f d a m a g e a n d i n h i b i ti o n l e v e l K P I s s h o w s h o w

o f d a m a g e a n d i n h i b i t o r d o s a g e l e v e l c a n d e m o n s t r a t e t re n d s i n p e r f o r m a n c e . I t c a n b e s e e n f r o m t h e e x a m p l e s h

F i g u r e 1 , w h e r e e f f e c t i v e m e a s u r e s h a v e b e e n t a k e n t o r e d u c e t h e c o s t o f c o r r o s i o n a n d w h e r e c o r r o s i o n i n h i b it i o n le

n o t r e m a i n o p t i m i s e d , t h a t d a m a g e c o s t s i n c r e a s e .

K P I i n t e r p r e t a t i o n a s m a n a g e m e n t i n f o r m a t i o n

B y i d e n t i f y i n g d a m a g e , i n h i b i ti o n a n d m o n i t o r i n g c o s ts i t i s p o s s ib l e t o d i f f e r e n t ia t e b e t w e e n t h e c o s t s a r i s i n g f r o

t h r e e f a c to r s , i. e ., m e t a l l o s s v s m i t ig a t i o n a n d m o n i t o r i n g c o s t s a n d u s e t h e m t o m o n i t o r p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e c

m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m . A c l e a r t a r g e t o f z e r o c o r r o s i o n d a m a g e c o s t c a n t h e n b e u se d a s a b e n c h m a r k f o r t h e p e r f o r m

t h e s y s t e m o v e r t i m e , h o w e v e r th e i n c l u s io n o f i n h ib i t io n (Cinh) a n d m o n i t o r i n g c o s ts (Cmon) w i t h c o r r o s i o n d a m a

c a n b e u s e d t o p r o v i d e a n o v e r a l l i n d i c a t io n o f t h e c o r r o s i o n c o n t r o l p e r f o r m a n c e . T r e n d i n g o f p e r f o r m a n c e d u r i

opera t i ng l i f e can t hen p rov i de i n s i gh t t o t he cos t d r i ver s wi t h i n t he sys t em;

e . g ., t h e a n n u a l c o s t o f c o r r o s i o n ( C a n n ) c a n b e d e t e r m i n e d f r o m ,

w h e r e ,

C a n n = C c o r r + C i n h + C m o n (

Cinh = A n n u a l c o s t o f i n h i b it i o n (£ ) a n d m a y i n c l u d e c o s t s a r i s in g f r o m t h e p r o c u r e m e n t o f c h e m i c a l s , i n j e c t i o n

m a i n t e n a n c e a n d l o g is t ic s .

Croon = A n n u a l c o s t o f m o n i t o r i n g ( £ ) a n d m a y i n c l u d e c o s t s a ri s in g f r o m e q u i p m e n t r e p l a c e m e n t , c o n s u m a b l e s

a n d r e p o r t i n g .

T h i s f a c i l i ta t e s m o n i t o r i n g o f th e o v e r a l l c o s t s o f th e c o r r o s i o n m a n a g e m e n t p r o g r a m a s i l l u st r a te d i n F i g u r e 2

i d e n t i f y i f i n c r e a s e i n e x p e n d i t u r e a g a i n s t p l a n i s o c c u r r i n g .

L i f e c y c l e c o s ts ( L c ) c a n b e o b t a i n e d f r o m ,

L c = N c × R c o s t + F L ( C i n h + C m o n ) (

T h i s f a c i l it a t e s f u tu r e e x p e n d i t u r e p l a n n i n g a n d i n d i c a te s w h e t h e r t h e c u r r e n t c o r r o s i o n m i t i g a t i o n m e a s u r e s a rc o m p a r e d t o o t h e r a l t e r n a ti v e s .

C o m p l e t e d M a i n t e n a n c e K P I

T h i s K P I p r o v i d e s a m e a s u r e o f t h e r e l ia b i l it y o f t h e c o r r o s i o n m o n i t o r in g e q u i p m e n t a n d i s d e t e r m i n e d f r o m t h

m a i n t e n a n c e p e r f o r m a n c e i n r e p a i r in g e q u i p m e n t f a u l ts r e p o r t e d d u r i n g r o u ti n e c o r r o s i o n m o n i t o r i n g v i s it s . T h i s m e a

b e e n i m p l e m e n t e d s i n c e i t w a s r e c o g n i s e d t h a t e q u i p m e n t r e li a b i li t y is c r it i c a l t o t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f c o r r o s i o n in

s y s t e m s a n d h e n c e i s a l s o a k e y c o s t d r i v e r. T h e i n d i c a t o r i s d e r i v e d f r o m a r a t io o f t h e n u m b e r o f m a i n t e n a n c e a c t i o

v e r s u s t h e n u m b e r o f a c ti o n s c o m p l e t e d i n a g i v e n m o n i t o r i n g p e r io d , e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t a g e . A l t h o u g h t h i s

c o n s i d e r e d a l a g g i n g i n d i c a t o r it c a n c l e a r l y a f f e c t t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e o t h e r in d i c a t o r s d i sc u s s e d . T h i s p r o v i d e

m e s s a g e t o t h e o p e r a t i o n s a n d m a i n t e n a n c e s t a f f o f th e n e e d t o k e e p t h e i n h i b i ti o n s y s t e m f u n c t i o n a l.

K P I c o m p l e t e d m a i n t e n a n c e i s t h e r e f o r e g i v e n b y ,

C o m p l e t e d M a i n t e n a n c e = M a i n t e n a n c e A c t i o n s C o m p l e t e d x 1 0 0 (

M a i n t e n a n c e A c t i o n s R a i s e d

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T h e r e s u l ts t y p i c a l l y r e p r e s e n t th e p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e m a i n t e n a n c e s y s t e m t h r o u g h o u t t h e p e r i o d a s s h o w n i n F

T h e o p t i m u m w o u l d b e t o c o m p l e t e a l l a c t i o n s h o w e v e r s o m e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o n t h e c r i t i c a l i t y o f i n d i v i d u a l a c t

g e n e r a l l y n e e d e d . I t i s a ls o t r u e t ha t t h e r e a s o n f o r a n e g a t i v e p e r f o r m a n c e t r e n d i n t h e o v e r a l l c o s t o f c o r r o s i o n K P I

f o u n d i n t h e c o m p l e t e d m a i n t e n a n c e K P I .

C O N C L U S I O N S

T h e u s e a n d r e p o r t i n g o f t h e s e K P I ' s h a s b r o u g h t a b o u t a c l e a r e r f o c u s o n th e p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e c o r r o s i o n m a n a

s y s t e m a n d i n p a r t ic u l a r , t h e c o s t o f m a t e r ia l d e g r a d a t i o n . I d e n t i fi c a t io n o f t h e l e v e l s o f c o r r o s i o n i n h i b i to r i n t h ec o m p a r e d w i t h t h e d e s i r e d l e v e l a l s o p r o v i d e s a m e t h o d o f m o n i t o r i n g t h e s y s t e m s e f f e c t i v e n e s s . C o r r e l a t i o n o

p e r f o r m a n c e i n d i c a t o r s m a k e s t h e e f f e c t o f ( i n ) e f f ic i e n t c o r r o s i o n i n h ib i ti o n c l e a r ly a p p a r e n t A n a d d i ti o n a l a s

m o n i t o r in g t h e e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f th e c o r r o s i o n m i t ig a t i o n r e g i m e h a s a l s o b e e n d e v i s e d t h r o u g h m o n i t o r i n g o f t h e e f f e c

o f t h e m a i n t e n a n c e o f t h e s y s t e m c o m p o n e n t s , t h u s h i g h l ig h t i n g t h e o p e r a t i o n a l n e e d t o k e e p t h e s y s t e m f u n c t i o n a l.

U s i n g t h e s e K P I ' s i t is n o w p o s s i b le t o s p e c i f i c a l l y a tt r ib u t e c o s t s a n d a m e a s u r e o f e f f i c i e n c y t o th e p e r f o r m a n c

cor ros ion mi t i ga t i on sys t em and hence es t ab l i sh how th i s r e f l ec t s on t he overa l l p ro f i t ab i l i t y o f t he asse t i n a way

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F I G U R E 1 - E x a m p l e o f C o r r o s i o n C o s t a n d I n h i b i t o r A v a i l a b i l it y K P I ' s d e m o n s t r a t i n g c o r r o s io n m a n a g e m e n t p e r f o

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F I G U R E 2 - E x a m p l e o f K P I c o s t f o r c o r r o s i o n m a n a g e m e n t p r o g r a m i n c l u d i n g in h i b i ti o n a n d m o n i t o r i n g c o s

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