kottal uppi sahib

tIm´m¬ D∏n kmln_v

sI.-]n. Ip™n-aq

]km-[\w:

sKbvkv FPyp-t°-j-W¬ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥

]km-[-I-°p-dn∏v

BIm-iØp ]S-cm\pw I\n \¬Im-\pw Ign-b-W-sa-¶n¬ aÆn¬ thcn-d°n hocyw hen-s®-Sp-°-W-sa-∂Xv ]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-am-Wv. Hmtcm Xe-ap-dbpw ap≥ap-d-°m-cn¬ \n∂v kmwkvIm-cn-Im-kvXn-Iƒ G‰p-hm-ßp-Ibpw]pXp-ap-d-°m¿°v ]mI-am-Ip∂ Xc-Øn¬ ]pXp-°p-Ibpw hcpw-X-e-ap-d°vth≠n Icp-X-temsS ImØp-sh-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv.am‰-ß-tfm-Sn-W-ßn-\n∂v s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v kaq-l-a-\ v Ft∏mgpwkmh-Imiw tXSp-∂p-≠v. AXn-∂-h-kcw \¬Im-ØX IqSnb KXn-th-K-amWv ae-bm-fn-bpsS am‰-Øn-\p-≈-Xv. tIc-fo-b¿ Ime-ß-fmbn ImØp-sh® CuSp-sh-∏p-Iƒ ]eXpw Cu IpsØm-gp-°n¬ IS-]p-g-Ip-∂p.aÆns‚ aWhpw \nd-hp-an-√mØ Hcp hnNnX kwkvImcw ]Xps° tIc-f-Øn¬ cq]-s∏-´p-h-cp-∂p. kmw-kvIm-cnI XpS¿®-bn¬ kw`-hn-°p∂CS¿®-bnep≈ thh-emXn ]escbpw CS-s]-Sp-∂Xn∂v t]cn-∏n-°p-∂p≠v."t\Xr-kvar-Xn-k-©nI' ]k-‡-am-Ip-∂Xv Chn-sS-bm-Wv. Zo¿L-Ime ]k-‡n-bp≈ aqey-ß-fpsS Poh¬am-Xr-I-Iƒ ]pXp-X-e-ap-dbv°v ssIam-dp-hm-\p≈ Ffnb ia-am-Wn-Xv.

tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v ae-_m-dn¬ BZ¿i-cm-jvSo-b-Øns‚ Zo]vX-hgn sXfn-bn® t\Xm-°-fn¬ Hcm-fm-Wv. Adn-hm-b-ncp∂p At±-l-Øns‚hgn-Im-´n. XymK-am-bn-cp∂p hgn. \yq\-]£ ]nt∂m-°-hn-`m-K-ß-fpsSAkvXn-Xz-`-Z-X-bm-bn-cp∂p ASn-b-¥nc e£yw. cmPy-t£-a-am-bn-cp-∂phnim-e-Xm-Xv]-cyw. \n¿±n-jvS-am¿§-Øn¬ hn\n-tbm-Kn® PohnXw ssZh-k-a£w ka¿∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p BXy-¥nI D∂w. Imew tXSp∂ ]mT-ßƒ ]e-Xp≠v B Pohn-X-Øn¬. B al-ZvPo-hn-X-Øn-te°v At\z-j-W-Xr-jvW-tbmsS IS-∂p-sN-√p-I-bmWv ]K¤ ]X-]-h¿Ø-I\pw KŸ-Im-c-\p-amb sI.-]n.-Ip-™n-a-k.

Hcp Zim-_vZ-°m-e-ambn hnZym- ymk kmwkvIm-cn-I-cw-KØv ]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ kwL-S-\-bmWv sKbvkv FPyp-t°-jW¬ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥. ]mc-º-cy-]-T-\-Øns‚ `mK-ambn Gs‰-SpØ ][m\ s]mP-IvSp-I-fn-sem-∂mWv "t\Xr-kvar-Xn-k-©nI'. G‰hpw A\n-hm-cy-sa∂p Icp-Xp∂ Cu kwcw-`-tØmSv ae-bm-fo-hm-b-\-°m¿ A\p-Iq-e-ambn ]Xn-I-cn-°p-sa∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p.

MalayalamNethru Smrithi Sanchika-2

Kotal Uppi Sahib(Biography)

byK.P. Kunhimoosa

General EditorP.A. Rasheed

Project Co-ordinatorK. Aboobacker

[email protected]

All rights reservedFirst Edition: December 2010

Published byGrace Educational Association, P.B. No: 3

Malappuram Dt., PIN : 676317

Production & Designwww.wampee.in

DTP & LayoutSignX-Vtk / 9495642332

Printed in Indiaat

..........................

Distributors:Grace Books

Camp Sayyid, P.B.No. 3Malappuram Dt - 676317

Rs. 40-

D≈-S°w

1. BapJw

2. Pohn-X-tcJ ..................................................................................... 8

3. tIm´-bØv P\\w Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ ]T\w ............................. 9

4. A£-c-ßƒ i‡n-tkm-X v .................................................. 11

5. A¿l-Xbv°v AwKo-Imcw ....................................................... 17

6. N¥p-\-ºym-cpsS ka-Im-eo-\≥ ............................................. 23

7. tIcf apkvenw aPven-kn¬ ...................................................... 27

8. D∏p-k-Xym-K-lhpw D∏n-km-ln_pw ..................................... 29

9. aq¨sse‰v Km¿U≥ ]m¿ń ..................................................... 31

10. Ip™n-am-b≥ lmZn-bpsS Is≠-Ø¬ .............................. 32

11. Sn.-Fw.-sam-bvXp-km-ln-_ns‚ IqsS ..................................... 35

12. Ncn-X-Ønse Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-amb GSp-Iƒ................... 37

13. XymtKm-Pze NcnXw .................................................................. 41

14. e£yhpw kz]v\-ßfpw ............................................................ 47

15. hni-a-an-√mØ ]h¿Ø\w ..................................................... 49

16. Hm¿Ω-I-fnse alm ktΩ-f-\-ßƒ....................................... 51

17. Fs‚ A\p-`-h-ßƒ................................................................... 53

18. k^-e-amb ZuXyw .................................................................... 57

19. P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ P\-Zm-k-∑m¿ ............................................ 60

20. s]m´m-Ø -s]m≥\q¬ ............................................................... 62

21. l¿Øm¬ Zn-\-Øn¬ A¥yw ................................................ 64

sI.]n. Ip™nΩqk

Xet»cnbnse ]qt∂m¬ kztZin. BeºØv am∏nf kvIqƒ,amln aø-e-hnø sslkvIqƒ, aS∏≈n Kh¨sa‚ v tImtfPv, Xet»cn_Æ≥ tImtfPv F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ hnZym- ym-kw.

]X]h¿ØI≥, KŸImc≥, ]`m -j -I≥, lmkkmlnXyImc≥, tImfanÃv, kwLmSI≥.

1966- ¬ NµnI Zn\-]-X-Øn¬ kl-]-Xm-[n-]-cmbn tN¿∂p. 1975apX¬ Hcp ]Xn-‰m≠v eoKv ssSwkn¬ \yqkv FUn-‰¿. 1986- ¬ ho°venFUn-‰¿ C≥ Nm¿÷mbn ho≠pw Nµn-I-bn¬. 1996-˛¬ hnc-an-®p.

Imen-°‰v ]kv¢∫v ]kn-U-≠v, tIcf ]kv A°m-Zan FIvkn-Iyq- ohv saº¿, sF.-F- v.-U-ªyq.sP t\j-W¬ Iu¨kn¬ saº¿,]kv AI-Un-t‰-j≥ IΩn‰n saº¿, ko\n-b¿ tP¿W-enÃv t^mdwÿm]I skI-´-dn F∂o ÿm\-ßƒ hln-®p.

]pkvXIßƒ: hgnImńIƒ, a[pcn°pw Hm¿ΩIƒ, A©veoKpt\Xm°ƒ, I√mbn∏pg apX¬ _“]pXhsc, Hm¿ΩbpsSHmfßfn¬, Bip]XnênXßƒ, ]XênXßƒ,CuØ∏gØns‚ \mńeqsS, ]pWyßfpsS ]q°mew,hXImeIYIƒ, ]cnNnXapJßƒ, kn.F®v .ênXßƒ,sambvXpauehn, Hcp ]X]h¿ØIs‚ Xo¿∞mS\kvarXnIƒ,kvarXn]Yßfnse inlm_vXßƒ.

C¥ybnepS\ofw ]X]h¿ØI≥ F∂ \ne°v ]T\bmX.bp.F.C, IpsshØv, _lvssd≥, JØ¿, kuZnAtd_y, Ham≥XpSßnb Ad_v cmPyßfn¬ ]eXhW ]cyS\w.

amXmhv : Ip™n°≠n ]pXnb]pcbn¬ Ip™n∏mØp.]nXmhv : ]Sb≥]pcbn¬ aΩp`mcy: hn.Fw.BbnibptSbpw kn.hn.A_q_°¿lmPnbptSbpwaq∂masØ ]pXn IXncq¿ kztZin\n hn.Fw. ûknb. a°ƒ:jan, jPn, jkv\. ktlmZcn: Ip™mbni.

hnemkw: "ssaXn', ]∂n-b-¶-c, tImgn-t°m-Sv-˛3samss_¬: 9847584843

ae-_m¿- apkvenwIƒ sXc-s™-Sp∏v F∂v tIƒ°m≥ XpS-ßnbXpapX¬ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ \ma-t[-bhpw AXn-t\m-S-\p-_v[n-®mWv tIń-´p-≠m-hp-I. \nb-a-\n¿ΩmW k`-bn-te°v ]tXyI ]mXn-\n[y hyh-ÿ-b-\p-k-cn®v \S∂ BZysØ sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ A∂v ae-_m-dnseapkvenwIƒ°v c≠p ]Xn-\n-[n-I-sfbm-bn-cp∂p sXsc-s™-Sp-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Pn√m ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \S∂ sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ hnP-bn-Ifm-bXv sI.D∏n-km-ln-_pw Sn.-Fw.-sam-bvXp-km-ln-_p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

\n -l-I-cW ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ Blzm\w am\n®v aZn-cmin apl-Ω-Z≥kv -tIm-tfPv hnń-d-ßn-t∏m∂ D∏n-km-ln-_ns\ \nb-a-k`m kmam-Pn-I-Xz-Øn-\mbn t]cn-∏n-®Xv F.-sI.-Ip-™n-amb≥ lmPn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. D∏n-km-ln-_ns\°pdn-®p≈ At\z-jWw Hmtcm Ime-L-´-Ønepw hy‡n][m-\n-I-fn-te°v \ofp-∂p.

BZysØ apkvenw en‰-td-®¿ skmssk-‰n-bpsS ]Ya sNb¿am-\m-hm≥ am∏nf kmln-Xy-Øns‚ Xp©≥ ]d-ºmb Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ `mKy-ap-≠m-bXv D∏n kmln-_n-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.

P∑n IpSpw-_-Øn¬ \n∂v ]pd-s∏ v aZn-cm-in-bn¬ D]-cn-]-T\w \SØntZiob ]ÿm-\-Ønepw kzmX¥y ka-c-Ønepw ]¶m-fn-bmbn aZn-cminAkwªn-bnse apkvenw eoKv eoU-dm-bn, cmPmPn -a-¥n-k-`°v HmIvkn-P≥ \¬In, IpSn-bm-∑m-cp-sS-bpw Irjn-°m-cp-sSbpw mKØv \ne-bp-d-∏n®vHt´sd A¤p-X-ßƒ kr„n® D∏n kmln-_ns‚ I¿Ωss\]pWyw ae-_m-dns‚ ap°paqe-I-fn¬ Hs´m-∂p-a√ ]Imiw ]c-Øn-b-Xv.

kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb B Pohn-X-Øn\v Xnc-»oe hoW-t∏mƒ A\m-Y-am-bXv Hcp Ime-L-´-Øns‚ Ncn-X-am-Wv. Pohn-Xm-h-km\w hscAt±lw amtdmSptN¿Ø hne-s∏´ FXtbm ]pkvX-I-ßƒ \„-s∏-´p.BflIYtbm Poh-N-cn-Xtam Fgp-Xn-sh-°m-Xn-cp∂Xp ImcWw Ncn-X-ap-Øp-Ifpw e`n-®n-√.

kwL-S\m ]h¿Ø-I-cn¬ hmb-\m-ioew hf¿Øm≥ InW™pian® D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ hk-Xn-bn-te°v "hn⁄m-\n-Iƒ acn-°m-dn-s√∂'ktµi-hp-ambmWv G‰hpw HSp-hn¬ kn.-F®v FØn-b-Xv.

aqeym-[n-jvTnX cm„ob ]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ amXrI At\z-jn-°p∂bphm-°ƒ°v D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ Poh-N-cnXw Hcp ]mT ]pkvX-I-am-sW∂vA`n-]m-b-s∏´p sIm≠v Rm≥ CXv ka¿∏n-°s´.

ssaXn sI.]n.Ip™n-Ωqk

tImgn-t°m-Sv-˛3

-BapJw

\mń-s‚bpw kap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚bpw Ah-Im-i-kw-c-£-W-Øn-∂mbn \nc-¥c t]mcm- -Øn-te¿s∏´ tZim- n-am-\n-bmb kap-Zmb tkh-I-\m-bn-cp∂ptIm´m¬ D∏n kmln-_v. cm„ Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ°pw P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn\pwkwip≤ cm„o-b-Øn∂pw KpW-I-c-ambn `hn® Ht´sd ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v D∏n kmln_v t\XrXzw \¬In.

A`n-i-]vX-amb A]-I¿j-Xm-t_m-[-hp-ambn Ae-£y-ambn \oßnbHcp P\-]-Y-Øn\v Bfl-ss[cyw \¬Inb D∏n kmln_v AXp-ey-ambXymK-Øns‚ Bth-i-Zm-b-I-amb CXn-lm-k-Øn\v XpS-°-an´p. G°-dp-Iƒ kz¥-am-bp≈ `qhp-S-a-bmb Cu h≥ P∑n°v ]m´-°p-Sn-bm∂pth≠nhmZn-°m≥ aSn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p.

kuay\pw im¥\pw anX- mjn-bp-amb Cu sNdnb Ipdnb a\p-jys‚bYm¿∞ cq]w a\- n-em-bXv \nb-a-\n¿ΩmW k`-I-fn-eqsS-bm-Wv.

a¥nÿm\w sh®p\oń-b-t∏mƒ kuay-ambn \nc-kn®v aqey-t_m-[-ap≈ cm„ob kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ ssNX\yw sISmsX kq£n® Hc-]q¿∆-]-Xn-`m-k-ambncp-∂p At±lw. Akm-am-\y-amb B¿÷-hhpw [oc-Xbpw ]I-Sn-∏n® D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ Hu∂Xyw a\- n-em-°nb FX t]cp-≠n-hnsS?

D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ kvac-W \ne\n¿tØ-≠Xv -h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øns‚Bhiy-am-sW∂v t_m[y-s∏-´-Xp-sIm-≠mWv `mhn Xe-ap-dbv°v At±-lsØ ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpØm≥ Rm≥ apXn¿∂-Xv. Ac \q‰m-≠ntesd \o≠p-\n∂ B cm„ob Imc-W-h-cpsS hy‡nXzw `mhn Xe-ap-dbv°v Bth-ihpw ]tNm-Z-\hpw \¬Ip-hm≥ ]cym-]vX-am-Wv.

9

t\Xr-kvar-Xn-k-©nI tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v

8


tIm -bØv P\\wXe-t»-cn-bn¬ ]T\w

]]©t_m[hpw Poht_m[hpw Imet_m[hpw NcnXt_m[hpwDƒs°m≠ kmaqly Kpcp-°-∑m¿ Xnßn-Øm-a-kn® ]tZ-i-amWv Xe-t»-cn \n∂v Ggp \mgnI Ing-t°m´v \oßn ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ tIm´-bw.sX‰v sNbvXm¬ in£n-°p∂ tIm´bw cmPm-hn-t\-°mƒ al-Xzw, Is√-dn-™m¬ t]mepw ]Xnêw sImSp-°p∂ amhp-Iƒ°p-s≠∂v a\- n-em-°n-b-h-cm-bn-cp∂p tIm -b-Øp-Im¿. D]-tbm-K-]-Z-a-√mØ Hcp hr£hpw`qan-bn-en-s√∂v Ah¿ hniz-kn-®p. sXm´m-hm-Snbpw Xpf-knbpw Bcy-th∏pwamhpw ]nemhpw apcn°pw Idn-th-∏n-ebpw ]d-¶n-amhpw apcn-ßbpw tX°pwsXßpw Iapßpw Bcym-\-µbpw A\p-c-µbpw ssaem-©nbpw \nd-™p-\n∂ sFiz-cy-Øns‚ aÆn¬ G°-dp-Iƒ kz¥-ap≈ tIm´m¬ Xd-hmSvXe-bp-b¿Øn-\n-∂p.

[oc tZim-`n-am\n tIm´m¬ henb D∏n kzPohnXw sIm≠v tIm´m¬Xd-hm-ńs‚ tIfn ]c-Øn-b-Xmbn ]g-a-°m¿ ]d-™p-tI-ń-´p-≠v. aXhpwcm„o-bhpw sshZyhpw kwkvIm-chpw kmln-Xyhpw im¥-amb tIm´bwKma-Ønse Iq‰≥ Xd-hm-Sns‚ ]qap-JØv ]S¿∂p ]¥-en® \mfp-I-fm-bn-cp∂p AXv.

tIm´-bsØ tIm´m¬ F∂ [\mVy IpSpw-_-Øn-emWv 1891 ¬_mem-cn-„-Xsb AXn-Po-hn-°m≥ km[n-°ptam F∂v kwi-bn-°p∂ HcpIp™v ]nd∂p hogp-∂-Xv. ]Xm-]-im-en-bmb Xd-hm-´p-Im-c-W-h-cpsS t]¿Xs∂ Cu Ipń°pw hnfn-®p. D∏n. Ipń-bpsS Btcm-Ky-Øn\v Xd-hm´phf-∏nse Bbp¿t∆Z kky-ß-fmWv ][m-\-ambpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-

tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v˛ Pohn-X-tcJ

P\\w : 1891

P∑-ÿew : IqØp-]-d-ºn-\-SpØ tIm´bw (I-Æq¿ Pn√)

]nXmhv : amb≥ A[n-Imcn

hnZym-`ymkw : Xe-t»cn am∏nf kvIqƒ,Xe-t»-cn _Æ≥ tImtf-Pv,apl-Ω-Z≥kv tImtf-Pv, aZn-cm-in,1920 ¬ \n -l-I-cW ]ÿm-\-Øn¬ tN¿∂p.

hln®ÿm\-ßƒ : aZmkv sePn-t…-‰ohv Iu¨kn¬,

sk≥S¬ Akwªn (1930),(kz-cmPv ]m¿ń saº¿)tIcf apkvenw aPvenkv knI-´dn,apkvenw eoKv saº¿ aZmkvsePn. Iu¨kn¬ (1947),apkvenw eoKv Akwªn ]¿ń eoU¿,aZmkv (1952),Xe-t»cn apkvenw en‰-td-®¿ skmssk‰namt\-PnwKv Ub-d-Œ¿,amt\-P¿ Bbnjm tlmkn-bdn (en-an.)IqØp-]-d-ºv,tIm´bw Xmeq°v apkvenw eoKv ]kn-U‚ v,IÆq¿ Pn√m eoKv ]kn-U‚ v

`mcy : IøqΩ

a°ƒ : amb≥, apl-Ω-ZenC_mlnwIpńIp™manIp™n-∏mØp

acWw : 1972˛sabv 11

11


10


A£-c-ßƒ i-‡n-tkm-X- v

Hcp]nSn bmYm-ÿn-XnI¿ Cw•ojv hnZym-`ym-ksØ FXn¿°p-Ibpw\c-I-Øns‚ `mj-s°-Xnsc ^Øvh \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvX Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv D∏n-bpsS Xe-t»-cn-°p≈ ]T-\-bmX Bcw-`n-®-Xv. Hcp ]tZ-i-Øns‚ NcnXkvac-W-I-fn¬ AXy-]q¿∆-amb Hc-≤ymbw ChnsS Iqń-t®¿°-s∏-Sp-∂p. ad-°m≥ Ign-bmØ Hcp CXn-lm-k-ambn amdp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p D∏n-bpsS ]T-\w.

Iev]hr£-ßƒ \nd-™p-\n¬°p∂ Kma-Øn¬ \n∂v IS¬]m-e-Øns‚ \mń-te°v ]Tn-°m-s\-Ønb D∏n Ad-_n-°-Y-bnse cmP-Ip-am-c-s\-t∏mse Hcp CXn-lmk ]pcp-j-\mbn amdp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Iri-Km-X\pwkuay-io-e-\p-am-bn-cp∂ Cu hnZym¿∞n-bpsS ][m\ tlm_n ]pkvX-I-hm-b-\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. In´p∂ ]pkvXIw ]e Bh¿Øn hmbn-°pw. ][m\`mK-ßƒ AS-bm-f-s∏-SpØn sh°pw. ]pkvXIw \n[n-t]mse kq£n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

kap-Zmb ]cn-jvI¿Øm-hns‚bpw tZiob cm„ob t\Xm-hn-s‚bpwZuXy-hm-l-I-\mbn amdnb D∏n hnZym¿∞n PohnX ImeØp Xs∂ cm„o-bhpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw aX-]-chpw sshPvRm-\n-I-hp-amb \thm-∞m\kz]v\-ßsf Xmtem-en-®p. kl-]m-Tn-I-fpsS AwKo-Im-chpw BZ-chpwt\Sn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-tºmgpw hn\-bhpw emfn-Xyhpw At±lw ssI hnń-√. D∏n F∂ hnZym¿∞n A≤ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw hnZym¿∞n-I-fp-sSbpwD≈ns‚ D≈n¬ sNep-Ønb kzm[o\w Gsd i‡-am-bn-cp-∂p. t¢i`qbn-jvT-amb km[-\-bn-eqsS hnZym-[\w k¿∆-[-\m¬ ][m-\-am-°nbD∏nsb∏‰n tI´-h-cn¬ t]mepw BZ-chv Dd™pIqSn.

b-Xv. Xd-hm-ńs‚ AI-Ø-f-Ønse amebpw ss_Øpw tI´v hf¿∂D∏n ]n®sh®v ]qap-JØv FØn-b-t∏mƒ I≠ ImgvN h√msXBI¿jn®p \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ D÷ze Zo]w sImfpØnsh®-Xn¬ \n∂v]k-cn® ]` D∏nsb hnkva-bn-∏n-®p.

tIm´m¬ Xd-hmSv IqØp-]-d-ºp-Im¿°pw Xe-t»-cn-°m¿°pw F∂pwHcp hnkva-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ahn- ‡ IÆq¿ Pn√-°msI tkh-\-Øn-s‚bpwhn⁄m-\-Øn-s‚bpw shfn®w ]Zm\w sNbvX Hcp alm Zo]-kvXw-`-ambn ]cn-e-kn® Xd-hm-ń¬ \n∂v Iem-eb hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\mbn D∏nCd-ßn-Øn-cn®p. \nkzm¿∞hpw \njvI-f-¶-hp-amb ITn\ bXv\-Øn-eqsSaX-hn-Zym-`ymkw \SØns°mSp-°p∂ koXn-amcpw km£-c-X-bpsS ktµ-i-hp-ambn FØnb \mS≥ A≤ym-]-Icpw sImfpØns°mSpØ hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ ssIØn-cn-bpambmWv D∏n Xe-t»cn ]´-W-Øn-se-Øp-∂-Xv.

Xe-t»cn am∏nf kvIqfn-emWv D∏n-km-ln_v ]Y-anI hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v tN¿∂-sX∂v "lqbo-kv lq- C≥ a-e-_m¿' tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. kl-]m-Tn-Iƒ Bscm-s°-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Hcn-SØpw ]d-bp-∂n-√. Xe-t»cnam∏nf kvIqƒ Su¨ am∏nf kvIqfm-sW∂v Dd-∏n®p ]d-bm-\m-hn-√. kn.-]n. aΩp-t°-bn-bpsS ktlm-Z-c≥ kn.]n t]m°ptIbnbpw ]n∂oSvUnkvSnŒv dPnkvSmfmb H.hn tImbm-aphpw F≥. Ip™m-en-lm-PnbpwFw.-]n.-sI.-a-Ωp-hp-sams° Su¨ am∏nf kvIqfn¬ ]Tn® ÿnXn°v D∏nkmln_pw AhnsS ]Tn°m-\mWv km[y-X-sb∂v Duln-°mw. F∂m¬F.-sI.-Jm-Z¿Ipń XpS-ßn-b-h¿ _n.-C.-Fw.]n. kvIqfn-em-bn-cp∂p ]Tn-®Xv.

Xe-t»-cn -bnse BZyIme hnZym-`ymk Ncn-Xhpw IY-Ifpw]I¿Øm≥ ]mbw sN∂-hsc tXSn \S∂ hnZym¿∞n Pohn-X-Im-eØvAh-cn¬ \n∂-dn-bm≥ Ign-™Xv ]mY-anI hnZym-`ymk Imcy-Øn¬]q¿∆n-I¿ ]tXyIw i≤n-®n-cp-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv. ]mbm-[n-Iyhpw tcmKhpwtIƒhn-°p-d-hp-ap-≈-h¿ NcnX ]›m-Ø-e-ßƒ ad∂p Ign-™n-cp-∂p.Inńb hkvXp-X-I-fn¬ kwi-b-ß-fp-≠m-°p∂ ]e-Xn-s‚bpw kXywtXSn-t∏m-th≠n h∂-t∏mƒ Xe-t»-cn-bpsS hnZym-`ymk Imcy-Øn¬ ]g-a-°m¿ sNbvXp-t]m∂ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS tcJ-Itfm ]q¿∆-Ime Ncn-Xtam th≠X e`y-am-b-Xp-an-√. F∂m¬ Xe-t»-cn-bpsS ]m¥-]-tZ-i-ß-fn-ep-≈-h¿ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v Xe-t»-cn-sb Bi-bn®p F∂v sXfn-™p. D∏n kmln_pw ]mY-anI hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v Xe-t»cn h∂p Xma-kn®p F∂ Imcyhpw Dd-∏m-bn.

***** ***** *****

13


12


]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßƒ FhnsS \n∂m-bmepw hcn-°msc tN¿°m\pw]Ww ]ncn-°m\pw Nne¿ hS-t°m´v bmX sNbvXn-cp∂psh∂pw Ah-scms° tIm´bw Xmeq-°nse Xd-hm´p hoSp-I-fn¬ Ibdn Cd-ßn-bn-cn∂psh∂pw D∏n kmln-_n\v t_m[y-s∏-´p.

tIm´m¬ Xd-hm-ń¬ \n∂pw c≠p ]pc-bn¬ \n∂pw Aº-e-Ø-d,aco-°-cm-S, F∂o Xd-hm´p hoSp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw D∏n-km-ln_v tiJ-cn®]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fn¬ Ip∂wIpfsØ tIcf kµ¿in-\nbpw sIm®n-bnse apl-Ω-Zob ]tcm-]-Im-cnbpw ]´m-ºn-bnse "klr-Z-tbm-√m-kn-\nbpw'Xriq-cnse "hnt\m-Z-am-en-I'bpw Dƒs∏-ń-cp-∂p. CXns‚ ]Xn-Iƒ D∏nkmln_v sNb¿am-\mbn cq]o-I-cn® apkvenw en‰-td-®¿ skmssk-‰n-bpsS Xe-t»cn Hmô-knepw apkvenw ¢∫nepw Hcp ImeØv kq£n-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn apkvenw ¢_n-∂-SpØv Xø¬IS \S-Ønb Xe-t»cn NµnImteJ-I≥ kn.-F®v.sambvXp A\p-kva-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

aq¿t°mØv Ipam-cs‚ ]Xm-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬ Xe-t»cnbn¬ \n∂v "anX-hmZn' Bcw-`n-°p-tºmƒ D∏n kmln-_n\v ]Xn-\mdv hb- m-bn-cp-∂p. tIc-f-Ønse G‰hpw \√ ]X-ß-fn¬ H∂mb anX-hmZn hmbn®p hf-cm-\p≈ku`mKyw e`n-®-Xn¬ B hnZym¿∞n Gsd BÀm-Zn-®p. \ymbam¿§-Øn¬ \n∂v sX‰n \S-°p-∂-hsc anX-hmZn shdpsX hnSm-dn-√-sX. anX-hm-Zn-bpsS DS-a-ÿ-\mb ]uc]amWn Sn.-in-h-i-¶-c≥ tIm´m¬ X-d-hm-ń¬ sN∂v Imc-W-h-∑msc ImWm\pw km[y-X-tb-dp-∂p. "a-t\m-c-a'-bpsSteJ-I-\m-bn-cp∂ aq¿t°mØv Ipam-c≥ 1905 ¬ _\m-d- nse tIm¨K vtbmK-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp∂p. ]kn-U‚ v tKmJse `mcX t\Xm-°sfanX-hm-Zn-Isf∂pw Aan-X-hm-Zn-I-sf∂pw Xcw Xncn-®p. BZyw ]d™I£n-bpsS \bw lrZy-ambn tXm∂n-b-Xn-\m-emWv Cu t]cn¬ Hcp ]XwXpS-ßm≥ Ipam-c≥ inhi¶-c-t\mSv Bh-iy-s∏-´-Xv.

]X-ßfpw B\p-Im-enI ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fp-ambn At`-Zy-ambn_‘-s∏´ D∏n F∂ hnZym¿∞n BZy-ambn hmbn® t\mh¬ H.N¥p-ta-t\ms‚ Cµp-te-J-bm-bn-cp-∂p. dmhp _l-Zq¿ H.N¥p-ta-t\ms\ D∏nkmln_v t\cn¬ I≠n-ń-√. 1899 k]vXw-_¿ Ggn\v N¥p-ta-t\m≥ Znhw-K-X-\m-hp-tºmƒ D∏n kmln-_n\v tIhew Ggp hbt D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. F∂m¬ N¥p-ta-t\m-s\-°p-dn®v ]Tn-°m≥ D∏n kmln_v ]tXyIXmev]-cy-sa-Sp-Øp. dmhp-_-l-Zq¿ H.N¥p-ta-t\m≥ ]c-∏-\-ßmSn tImS-Xn-bn¬ ap≥ko^v Bbn-cn-°p-tºm-gmWv cN\ Bcw-`n-®Xv F∂v D∏nkmln_v Is≠-Øn. s]m∂m-\n-bnepw N¥p-ta-t\m≥ ap≥ko-^m-bn-cp-∂p. tImSXn Kpa-kvX≥, ap≥jn, slUv ap≥jn, k_vP-UvPn, PUvPn-F∂o DtZym-K-ß-fn¬ N¥p-ta-t\m≥ Ccp-∂-Xns‚ tcJ-Iƒ NcnXhnZym¿∞n-bpsS IuXp-I-tØmsS D∏n kmln_v ]c-Xn-sb-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v.]K¤ Ncn-X-Im-c\pw, NµnI tImgn-t°m-t´°p am‰n-b-t∏mƒ ]Xm-[n-

\nc-£-c-X-bpsS Icn-¶¬∏m-d-Iƒ s]mń-°p-Ibpw tkh-\-ß-fpsSXW¬ac-ßƒ \´p ]nSn-∏n-°p-Ibpw aX-PmXn I£nNn¥-I-fpsS AXn¿h-c-ºp-Iƒ°-Xo-X-ambn a\p-jys\ ImWm≥ ian-°p-Ibpw sNbvX D∏n-bpsSi‡ntkmX v A£-c-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. PohnXZuXyw P\tkh-\-hpw.

Xe-t»-cn-bnse _Æ≥ tImtf-Pn\v ap≥h-i-am-bn-cp∂p D∏nkmln_v Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. 1847 Pq¨ amk-Øn¬ C√n-°p-∂n¬ \n∂v\nL≠p I¿Ømhv Kp≠¿ńs‚ ta¬ t\m´-Øn¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn® "cmPykam-Nm-chpw' AtX h¿jw HtŒm-_-dn¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn® ]›ntamZ-bhpwD∏n kmln_v Kth-jW _p≤ym ]cn-tim-[n-®p. tIc-f-Øn¬ \n∂v ]pd-s∏´ BZysØ ]X-ßƒ aX-Im-cy-ßƒ amXw ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂Xncn-®-dnhv D≠m-b-t∏mƒ A®Sn am[y-a-ßƒ tiJ-cn-°¬ D∏n F∂hnZym¿∞n ][m\ tlm_n-bm-°n. Xncp-hnXmwIq¿ tIm´bw kn.-Fw.-F-kv. ] n¬ \n∂v ]kn-≤o-I-cn® ⁄m\ \nt£]w (tI-c-f-Ønse aq∂m-asØ ]X-am-Wn-Xv) kn.-Fw.-Fkv tImtfPv hI ]pd-s∏´ "hnZym-kw-Klw' amkn-I, 1867 ¬ kn.-Fw.-Fkv ] n¬ \n∂pw ]pd-s∏´ "kµn-„-hmZn' F∂nh Cu hnZym¿∞n-bpsS tiJ-c-Øn¬ ÿm\w ]nSn-®p. Znhm≥am[-h-cm-b-cpsS cmPy-`-c-WsØ hna¿in-®-Xns\ XpS¿∂v "kµn-„-hmZn'\ntcm-[n-°-s∏´ Imcyw D∏n kmln_v Ub-dn-bn¬ Ipdn®psh®p. tIc-f-Ønse ]X ]h¿Ø\ Ncn-X-Øn¬ BZy-ap-≠mb \ntcm-[-\-am-bn-cp∂pAXv.

1881 ¬ tZhPn òaPn F∂ amXr`mj ae-bm-f-a-√mØ Hcp KpP-dmØn°mc≥ kzX-¥-amb Hcp ae-bmf ]Xw \S-Øn-bXpw ]Xn-\©ph¿jw AXp apS-ßmsX ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®Xpw D∏n kmln-_n\v as‰mcpIuXp-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. hnimJw Xncp-\mƒ alm-cm-Pm-hv, tIc-f-h¿Ω henbtImbn-Ø-ºp-cm≥ F∂n-h-cpsS kl-I-c-W-tØmsS Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv\n∂v hnZym-hn-em-kn\n kmlnXy amknI Cd-ßn-bXpw At±lw Ipdn®psh®p.

Xs‚ P\-\-Imew apX¬ Hcp ]Xn-‰m≠v B\p-Im-enI ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fpsS then-tb-‰-ap-≠m-bXpw B hnZym¿∞n-bn¬ A¤pXw ]c-Øn.Xm≥ P\n® sIm√-amWv tImgn-t°mSv \n∂v "`mcXo hnem-khpw' ]nt‰h¿j-amWv "at\m-c-a'bpw, "`mcX]Xn-I'bpw "ae-bmfhnt\m-Zn-\n'bpwAXn¬ ]ns∂ "ae-¶ck`mXmc-I'bpw "`mjmt]mjn-Wn'bpw "ae-_m¿Kk-‰p-'sams° Cd-ßn-b-sX∂v A`n-am-\-tØmsS Ab-hn-d-°m≥ CXns‚tIm∏n-I-sfms° D∏n kmln_v tiJ-cn-®p.

1890˛¬ \mZm-]p-c-Øp-\n∂v ]kn-≤o-I-cn® "P\-c-RvPn-\n'-bp-sSbpw1894˛¬ \mZm-]p-cØp \n∂p Xs∂ ]pd-s∏´ Ih-t\m-Z-b-Øn-t‚bpw -]-Xn-Iƒ tIm´m¬ Xd-hm-ń¬ \n∂p Xs∂ Cu hnZym¿∞n°v e`n-®p.

15


14


""1800 Unkw-_¿ 14˛ Hcp \Zn-bpsS sXt°-Xo-c-ØmWv s]m∂m\n]´-Ww. Xt±-in-b-cn¬ Nne¿ ""s]m∂m\n hmbv°¬'' F∂p hnfn-°pw.kº-∂-cpsS GXm≠v \√ A™qdp hoSp-Ifpw ]mh-s∏´ sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS Bbn-c-tØmfw sNdp-Ip-Sn-ep-Ifpw Chn-sS-bp-≠v. hoSp-Iƒ A[n-Ihpw I√p-sIm≠v \n¿Ωn® Ccp \ne-sI-ń-S-ß-fm-Wv. Ch ]e `mK-Ømbn ÿnXn-sN-øp∂p. BsI \m¬]Xp ]≈n-Iƒ. hoSp-Ifpw ]≈n-Ifpw Hme-sIm≠v ta™-h-bm-Wv. hmkvXp inev] Ie-bn¬ \n¿Ωn®]≈n-bpsS Ings° Ihm-S-ßƒ°v apI-fn¬ ta¬]pc Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p.IpSn-ep-Iƒ A[n-Ihpw sslµ-h-cmb a’y-sØm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-tS-Xm-Wv. Ch-cn¬ A[n-Ihpw Ct∏mƒ apkvenwIfmbn amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Chn-SpsØ[\m-Vy¿ AºXp h¿jw apºp-hsc _wKmƒ, kqd-Øv, sNs∂, a°XpS-ßnb CS-ß-fn-te°v Nc-°p-Iƒ Ib‰n Ab-°p∂ sNdnb I∏-ep-IfpsS DS-a-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ Ch¿ Xe-t»-cn-bnse hyh-kmb ]ap-J≥ aqk-t°bn-bpsS GP-‚mbn ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. C¥y-bpsS hnhn[`mK-ß-fn¬ \n∂v [mcmfw I∏-ep-Iƒ ChnsS hcp∂p''

aZn-cmin Snπnss°-\nse hmem-Pm-tdm-Un¬ ]gb Fw.-F¬.F Izmt -gvkn¬ Smh-tem-Kns‚ -a-lXzw hnfw-_cw sNbvXn-cp∂ D∏n kmln-_ns\I≠ cwKw kn.sI apl-Ω-Zn\v ad-°m-\m-hp-∂n-√. tImd-t\-j≥ U¿_m-dnse A©p-ss]-k-bpsS kaq-kbpw Hcp •mkv tlm¿enIvkpw k¬°-cn®v D∏n kmln_v \¬Inb D]-tZiw hmbn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Smh-temKv -hm-bn-°-W-sa-∂m-Wv. apkvenw eoKns‚ ]ń-I-PmXn saº¿ Fw.-N-S-b∂pwD∏n-km-ln-_m-bn-cp∂p AØm-Wn. GXp ka-bhpw NS-b\v D∏n-km-ln_v¢msk-Sp-°p-sa∂v kn.-sI.-Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂p. F.sI C_mlnw lmPn \S-Øp∂ \mj-W¬ Is^-bn¬ \n∂mWv D∏n-km-ln_v Du¨ hcp-Øp-I.Abne s]m-cn-®-Xn-t\mSv D∏n-km-ln_n\v henb C„-am-bn-cp-∂p. ][m\ImcWw Abne s]m-cn-®Xv amXta AhnsS D≠m-hp-I-bp≈q F∂XpXs∂.

A°m-e-ØmWv D∏n kmln-_ns‚ G‰hpw henb I≠p-]n-Sp-ØsØ°pdn®v ae-bm-fn-I-fn¬ kwkmc hnj-b-am-hp-∂-Xv. ae-_m¿ mKØv sSe-Km^v t]mÃns‚ P\-bn-Xmhv D∏n kmln-_m-bn-cp-∂p-h-sX.

D∏n kmln-_ns‚ D∏ amb≥ A[n-Im-cn-sb-∏-‰nbpw a√mń,- tIm-´m¬, Aº-e-Ø-d-Ω¬ ]≈n-bØv Xd-hm-Sp-I-sf-°p-dn®pw Gsd ]d™ptI´ hnhcw kn.-sI.-ap-l-Ω-Zns‚ kl-[¿Ωn-Wnbpw IXn-cq-cnse kn.hnA_q-_-°¿ lmPn-bpsS aI-fp-amb hn.-Fw. kpld Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂p. kpl-d-bpsS heypΩ ]e-t∏m-gmbn ]d-™p-sIm-SpØ A\p-`h hnh-c-ßƒtIm´m¬ Xd-hm-ń-s\-°p-dn®v \ndw aßmØ NnX-ambn a\- n¬ ]Xn-™p. D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ ktlm-Z-c≥ a-ΩZv lmPn-bpsS Xe-°m-WØv\n∂v IXn-cq-cn-te-°p≈ hchpw ]kn≤ hnj-lm-cn-bmb aΩZv lmPn-

]-Xy-ta-s‰-SpØ s]m∂m-\n-°m-c≥ sI.hn A–p-d-ln-am≥ kmln-_mWvCu Imcy-Øn¬ D∏nkmln-_ns\ AI-a-gn™p klm-bn--®-Xv.

_Æ≥ tImtf-Pn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ ImeØv D∏n kmln-_ns‚s]m∂m\n kµ¿i\w Hcp ]T\ bmX-bm-bn-cp-∂p. s]m∂m-\n-bn¬ ]Ya]©m-b-Øv t_m¿Uv cq]o-I-cn-®-t∏mƒ Jm≥ kmln_v B‰-t°mb Xß-fm-bn-cp∂p ]kn-U‚ v, _nójv ae-_m-dnse tImS-Xn-I-fn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ A[n-Imc]cn-[n-bp-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p A°m-esØ s]m∂m\n ap≥ko vtImS-Xn. kzX¥ cmPy-ß-tfbpw \m´pcmPy-ß-tfbpw GIo-I-cn®v tIµ-`-cW kº-Zmbw G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bXpw ]Sn-™mdv Ad-_n-°-S¬ AXn-cn´ Xmeq-°n-s‚ LS-\-bp-sams° s]m∂m\n Xmeq°pw tIm´bw Xmeq-°p-am-bp≈ ASp-∏-Øns‚ Nn”-ß-fmbn hnZym¿∞n IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp.s]m∂m-\n-bnse ]me-°¬, I≠-Øn¬ hoSp-I-fnse tImSXn ]h¿Ø-\hpw tIm -b-sØ tIm´m¬, a√mń hoSp-I-fnse IpSpw-_-tIm-SXn Xo¿∏pws]m∂m\n Bÿm-\-am-bp≈ BZy Xmeq-°mb Iq‰-\mSpw ]gb Xe-t»cn Xmeq-°mb tIm´-bhpw XΩn-ep≈ ASp∏w hy‡-am-°p-∂p. ae-_m-dn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ P\kmµ-X-bp≈ s]m∂m-\n°v A∂v -a-s‰mcp]tXy-IX IqSn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. tIc-f-Øn¬ GIo-IrX CkvemwaX]T\w (Z¿kv) F∂ Bi-b-Øns‚ Bcw`w Ahn-sS-bm-bncp-∂p.]ikvX Ckvemw aX I¿Ω imkvX KŸw ^Ø-lp¬ apCu-\n-t‚bpw -N-cnX KŸw Xpl-^-Øp¬ apPm-ln-Zn-s‚bpw c-N-\bpw B[p-\nI ae-bmf `mj-bpsS ]nXmhv Xp©-sØ-gp-Ø-—s‚ B≤ym-X-anIcN-\-I-fp-sS D¤hhpw s]m∂m-\n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu A£-c-kvt\lws]m∂m\n Xe-t»cn _‘-Øns‚ AIew Gsd-°p-d-®p.

s]m∂m-\n-bp-sSbpw Xe-t»-cn-bp-sSbpw ]q¿∆-Ime ]Xm-]-a-dn-bm≥D∏n F∂ hnZym¿∞n _p°m-\s‚ k©mc Ubdn ]c-Xn-∏n-Sn®p hmbn-®p. D∏n kmln_v hnZym¿∞n Pohn-X-Im-eØv Gsd hmbn-®Xpw k©mcUb-dn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

aZn-cmin \nb-a-\n¿ΩmW k`-bn¬ AwK-am-bn-cns° D∏n kmln_v]gb Fw. -F¬.F Izmt´ -g vkn -emWv Xma -kn -® -X v . Ac •mkvtlm¿enIvkpw c≠p _nkv°-‰p-am-bn-cp∂p ]mX¬. hcp-∂-h¿°pw CXp\¬Ipw. Adp-]-Xp-I-fpsS BZy-Øn¬ tPmen tXSn aZn-cm-in-bn-se-ØnbD∏n kmln-_ns‚ _‘phpw IXn-cq¿ kztZ-in-bp-amb dn´. t]meokvkq]≠v kn.sI apl-Ω-Zn-t\mSv bmXm-hn-h-cW KŸ-ßƒ hmbn-°m-\mWv D∏n kmln_v D]-tZ-in-®-Xv. ]q¿∆-Ime ]Xm]w Adn-bpI amX-a√ Hmtcm \mSn-s‚bpw PohnXcoXnbpw P\ßfpsS kwkvIm-chpw Adn-bm≥ CXp-]-I-cn-°pw. ^m≥knkv _p°ms‚ k©m-c-U-b-dn-bnse NneJfin-I-Iƒ At±lw apdn-s®-SpØp kq£n-®n-cp-∂p. s]m∂m-\n-sbbpwXe-t»-cn-sbbpw Ipdn®v hnh-cn-°p∂ B mKw At±-lsØ lTm-Zm-I¿jn-®n-cn-°mw.

17


16


A¿l-Xbv°v AwKo-ImcwaZn-cm-in-bnse \nb-a-\n¿ΩmW k`-bn-te-°p≈ I∂n-hn-Pbw A¿l-

Xbv°v AwKo-Im-c-am-b-tXmsS tIµ \nb-a-k-`-bn-te-°pw D∏n-km-ln-_ns\ Xs∂-bmWv sXsc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xv.

ae-_m¿ apkvenwIƒ sXsc-s™-Sp∏v F∂v tIƒ°m≥ XpS-ßn-bXvapX¬ D∏n kmln-_ns‚ t]cmWv AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®p tI´-sX∂v]apJ ]X-]-h¿Ø-I\pw eoKv Ncn-X-Im-c-\p-amb Fw. Ben-°p™n1958˛se IÆq¿ Pn√m apkvenw eoKv tkmh-\o-dn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

\nb-a\n¿amW k`-bn-te°v ]tXyI ]mXn-\n[y hyh-ÿ-b-\p-k-cn®v \S∂ BZysØ sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ ae-_m-dnse apkvenwIƒ°v c≠p]Xn-\n-[n-Isfbmbn-cp∂p sXc-s™-Sp-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Pn√m-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \S∂ sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ D∏n-km-ln_pw Sn.-Fw.-sambvXp kmln-_p-amWv hnP-bn-®-Xv. sXt° ae-_m-dp-Im-cn¬ Gsd IuXpIw ]c-Øn-bXv D∏n F∂ t]cm-bn-cp-∂p. B t]¿ Ah¿ AXn∂v apºv tIń-ń-√-sX.

\n -l-I-cW ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ Blzm\w am\n®v tImtfPv hnń-d-ßnb D∏n kmln_v kztZ-i-amb tIm´-bØv FØnb DS-s\-bmWvIp™n-am-b≥ lmPn ÿm\m¿∞n-bm-°n-b-sX∂v. D∏n kmln_v Xs∂]d-™n-´p≠v

ae-_m¿ elf Ign-™-tXmsS am∏n-f-am¿ Zpcn-X-Øn-e-I-s∏-Sp-IbpwIncm-X-amb a¿±\ apd-Iƒ kln-t°≠n hcn-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏m-gmWv_nójv A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ°p t\sc D∏n-km-ln_v [oc-[ocw s]mcp-Xm≥\nb-a-k` D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv.

bpsS kzm[o-\hpw hS-°-bn¬ at≠mØv Xd-hm-ńs\ kº-∂-am-°n-b-Xmbn A_q-_-°¿ lmPn-bpsS a°ƒ Hm¿°p-∂p. D∏n kmln-_n-s‚bpwaΩ-Zvlm-Pn-bp-sSbpw D∏ H∂pw DΩ c≠p-am-Wv.

Xe-t»cn _Æ≥ tImtf-Pnse ]Tn∏v ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb tijw aZn-cmin apl-Ω-Z≥kv tImtf-Pn-emWv D∏n kmln_v tN¿∂-Xv.

\n -l-I-cW ]ÿm-\hpw Jnem-^Øv ]ÿm-\hpw Bcw-`n®Ime-L-´-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. aXm-`n-am-\n-Ifpw tZim-`n-am-\n-I-fp-ambhnZym¿∞n-I-tfm-sSm∏w At±lw tImtfPv _ln-jvI-cn-®p.

Ccp-]-Xp-I-fpsS BZy-Øn-emWv CZw ]Y-aambn aZn-cmin \nb-a-\n¿ΩmW k -bn-te°v D∏n kmln_v a’-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hyh-kmb ]ap-J-\mb F.-sI.-Ip-™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bm-bn-cp∂p CXn∂p ]n∂n¬. D∏n kmln-_ns\ cm„ob cwKØpw s]mXp cwKØpw Xnf-ßp∂ Xmc-am-°p-∂-Xn¬Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn hln® ]¶v hfsc hep-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. lmPn kmln-_ns‚ ktlm-Z-cn-bm-bn-cp∂p D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ kl-[¿Ωn-Wn.

***** ***** *****

19


18


Pohn-X-Øns‚ Akm-[m-cW hnti-j-ßƒ ]I¿Øn sh°p-∂Xv D∏n-km-ln-_n-t\mSpw \mSn-t\m-Sp-ap≈ Hcp ISw ho´-embn Rm≥ ImWp-∂p.

eoU¿ F∂ hm°ns‚ F√m KpW-ßfpw HØp-tN¿∂ hy‡n-bm-bn-cp∂p D∏n-km-ln-_v.

GsXmcp Imcyhpw hn\-b-tØmsS kao-]n®v GXp henb ]iv\hpwkuay-amb s]cp-am‰w sIm≠v HØp Xo¿°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ i≤ sImSp-°p∂ \b-X-¥-⁄≥.

aZn-cmin \nb-a-\n¿ΩmW k`-bnse ]m¿ń eoU¿ ÿm\sØsNm√n-bp≈ X¿°w s]m∂m\n hn.-]n.kn Xß-fpsS hoń¬ JmC-sZ-an-√-Øns‚ -km-∂n-≤y-Øn¬ aWn-°q-dp-I-tfmfw \o≠-t∏mƒ t\Xm-°ƒBbp[w sh®p Iog-S-ßn-bXv knwl Xpey-amb At±-l-Øns‚ Kmwò-cy-Øn\v apºn-em-Wv. im¥-Kw-ò-c-\mb D∏n kmln_v B¿°pw F∂pwad-°m-\m-hmØ hy‡n-bm-bn.

Pohn-®n-cp∂ ImeØv Xs∂ kzbw Hcn-Xn-lm-k-ambn amdnb D∏n-km-ln_v AwKo-Im-c-Øns‚tbm ]i-kvXn-bp-sStbm ]n∂mse t]mIm≥C„-s∏-ń-√. kaq-l-Øn¬ \nc-h[n t]sc kvt\ln®pw klm-bn®pwAt±lw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-Øp.

_‘-s∏-Sp∂ Imcy-ßfp-ambn kXy-k-‘-X-]p-e¿Øm-\p≈ khn-tij hy‡nXzw D∏n kmln_v F∂pw FSp-Øp-Im- n. kzkap-Zm-b-ØnsePo¿Æ-X-Isf AI-‰p-hm\pw a\p-jys\ a\p-jy-\mbn amXw I≠v Ah-s‚ hnj-a-X-Iƒ Zqco-I-cn-°p-hm-\p-ap≈ Xoh-hn-Im-c-amWv At±-lsØF∂pw \bn-®-Xv.

Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ s]mXp Pohn-X-Øn¬ ap≥ ]¥n-bn¬ \n∂ ]K-¤¿]ecpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n´pw D∏n kmln-_n\v F√m-bn-SØpw BZ-chpwÿm\hpw ]tXyI ko‰pw e`n-®Xv At±-l-Øns‚ \nkzm¿∞-Xbpwtkh\ at\m-`m-hhpw kap-Zmb kvt\lhpw Ign-hns‚ \ne-hm-chpw Imc-W-am-bm-Wv.

Xe-t»cn sabn≥ tdmUnse apkvenw eoKv Hmô-kn¬ \n∂pw Cdßn\S-°p-tºmƒ IS-I-fnse apX-em-fn-bm-bmepw sXmgn-em-fnbmbmepw Itk-etbm Ãqtfm sIm≠p-h∂v I®-h-S-Øn-c-°nepw IS-bn¬ kzoI-cn-®n-cp-Øp-∂Xv IY-t]mse tXm∂p-sa-¶nepw kw`hw Rm≥ t\cn¬ I≠-Xm-Wv. IS-bn¬ D∏n kmln_v IS∂p hcp-∂Xpw Aev] kabw Ccn-°p-∂Xpw Hc-\p-K-l-ambn Icp-Xp-∂-h-cm-tW-sd-bpw.

a‰m¿°pw e`n-°mØ Hcp kzoI-cW bmX-b-b-∏mWv l÷v thf-bn¬ Xe-t»cn ap≥kn-∏m-en‰n D∏n kmln-_n∂v \¬In-b-Xv. A∂v ap≥kn-∏¬ sNb¿am≥ F.-hn.sI \mb¿ sNbvX ]kw-K-Øn¬ D∏n kmln-_ns‚ klm-b-tØbpw kvt\l-tØbpw hn\-b-sØbpw A`n-am-\-

A\m-Ycpw Ah-icpw Ai-c-W-cp-amb \qdp-I-W-°n¬ am∏nf kvXoI-sfbpw Ipń-I-sfbpw A¥-am-\n-te°v \n¿_-‘-ambn \mSp-I-S-Øp∂ \S-]Sn aZn-cmin Kh¿sa‚ v ssIs°m-≠-t∏mƒ AXn-s\-Xnsc D∏n kmln_vk`-bn¬ s]mńsØdn-®p. A\o-Xnbpw A\ym-bhpw \nµyhpw- \n-jvTq-c-hp-am-Wn-sX∂pw apkvenw kap-Zmbw CXv s]dp-°n-s√∂pw i‡n-bmbnhmZn® D∏n-km-ln_v k`-°-IØpw ]pdØpw i≤n-°-s∏-´p. CtXmsS_nójv A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ sRń-sØ-dn-®p. tlmw saº-dm-bn-cp∂ k¿ aµØvIrjvW≥ \mbsc t]msebp≈ anX-hm-Zn-Ifpw D∏n kmln-_ns‚`mKØp tN¿∂p. D∏n kmln-_ns‚ \b-ßsf ]n¥m-ßn-s°m≠vIrjvW≥ \mbcpw B‘-bnse cm„ob t\Xmhv kn.-B¿ sdÕnbpwaZn-cm-in-bnse kXy-aq¿Ønbpw k`-bn¬ ]kw-Kn-®p. A]-I-S-Im-cn-bmbsIm®p a\p-jy≥ F∂mWv D∏n-kmln_ns\ bqtdm-]y-\mb tlmwsaº¿ hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv. D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ \nb-a-k`m ]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚A`n-am-\-I-c-amb A≤ymbw ChnsS Ah-km-\n-°-cp-sX∂v apkvenw kap-Zm-b-Øn\v \n¿_-‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. 1926 ¬ FXn-cn-√m-sX-bmWv D∏nkmln_v aZn-cmin \nb-a-k-`-bn-te°v sXsc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´Xv. ]K¤]m¿e-sa-t‚-dn-b\pw kap-Zmbkvt\lnbpw amXrImPohnXw \bn®s]mXp P\tkh-I-\p-am-bn-cp∂ D∏n kmln-_n-s\-∏‰n ]pXnb Xe-ap-dbv°v Adnhp ]I-cm≥ kwhn-[m-\-sam-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

DØ-c-tI-c-f-Øns‚ cm„ob Ncn-Xw hni-I-e\w sNøp∂ ]apJZn\-]-X-ßfpw ]m¿ń ]X-ßfpw Hcp hm°v t]mepw D∏n-km-ln-_n-s\-°p-dn®v ]d-bm-Xmb L´-Øn-emWv At±-l-Øns‚ Poh-N-cnXw tXSn-∏n-Sn-°p-∂-Xv.

aZn-cmin apJy-a¥n kn.-cm-P-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cnbpw Kh¿Æ¿ io ]Im-ip-sams° hmt\mfw ]pI-gvØp-Ibpw kvt\l-]q¿∆w Hm¿°p-IbpwsNbvX D∏n kmln-_ns\ C„-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ Cu sIm®p tIc-f-Øn¬[mcmfw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Hcp ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-t°≠hnh-c-ßƒ \¬Im≥ B¿°pw km≤y-am-bn-√.

Fs‚ Iuam-c-˛-bu-h\ Zi-I-fnse tXP v \nd™ Hcp kvarXnNcn-X-am-Wn-t∏mƒ D∏n kmln-_v. Ipń-°m-eØv hoń¬ t]m°¿ kmln-_n-t\bpw koXn kmln-_n-t\bpw a‰pw \nXyw Hm¿Øp ]d-bp∂ A¥-co-£-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn¬ F∂pw Xnfßn \n∂n-cp∂ Hcp hy‡n-bm-bn-cp∂p D∏n kmln-_v.

At±-l-tØm-sSm∏w H∂p c≠p XhW ]kwK thZnbn¬ Rm\p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C∂pw Fs∂ DtØ-Pn-∏n-°p∂ A`n-am-\m-h-l-amb HcpHm¿Ω-bmWv AsX-\n-°v.

ad-°m-\m-hmØ Im¥-i‡n Ie¿∂ D∏n kmln-_ns‚ hy‡n

21


20


kmln_pw apkvenw eoKns‚ t\Xr-th-Zn-bn-se-Øp-∂-Xv. A∂sØ ]m¿e-sa‚mb sk≥S¬ Akw-ªn-bn-te°v At±lw sXsc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´p.]n∂oSv aZm-kv \n-ba k`-bnepw aZmkv sePn-t…-‰ohv Iu¨knenepwAt±lw AwK-am-bn. AXv _nójv `c-W-Imeambn-cp-∂p. \ma-am-X-amb`q]-cn-jvI-c-W-Øns‚ t]cn¬ Akw-ªn-bn¬ ae-_m¿ IpSn-bm≥ \nbawN¿®°v h∂-t∏mƒ k -bn¬ IpSn-bm∑mcp-sSbpw Irjn-°m-cp-sSbpw i–wapg-ßn-bXv P∑w sIm≠v P∑n-]p-X-\mb D∏n-km-ln-_n¬ IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. IpSn Hgn-∏n-°-ens\ At±lw \J-in-Jm¥w FXn¿Øp.

tI´mepw aXn-h-cmØ tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ ]kwKw I¿jIP\-Xsb Cf-°n-a-dn®p. ]Øp sIm√w XpS¿®-bmbn ]m´w sImSp-°mØIpSn-bm-∑msc Hgn-∏n-°-W-sa∂v Kh¿sa≠v hmZn-®-t∏mƒ ""t\m - -t\m.....-\qdv sIm√w ]m´w sImSp-Øn-s√-¶nepw ]m -°p-Sn-bms\ Ahs‚ `qan-bn¬\n∂v Cd°n hnS-cp-sX∂v CSn-sh- oSpw hÆw D∏n-km-ln_v K¿÷n-®p.''

""k`bn¬ A≤y£w hln® _nójv Kh¿Æ¿ B¿®v _m≥kvss\£p- n-X-\m-bn. At±lw D∏n kmln-_n-t\mSv ]d™p. anÃ¿ D∏nkmln_v\nßƒ P∑n-Ip-Spw-_-amb tIm´m¬ Xd-hm-ńse AwK-am-sW∂ Imcywad-°-cp-Xv. AXn\v D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ ]Xn-h-N-\w: ""IT IS NOT MY CON-STITUENCY SIR'' F-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.

P\n-®Xv P∑n hoń-em-sW-¶nepw Xm≥ ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv P∑n-XzsØ As√∂pw ae-_m-dnse ]mh-s∏´ ]m´-°p-Sn-bm-∑m-cpsS h‡m-hmWv Xms\∂pw hy‡-am-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p D∏n-km-ln-_v. tIc-f-Øn¬\n∂v P∑nØw XpS®p \o°-s∏-Sp∂ ]In-b-bpsS XpS-°-am-bn-cp∂pAXv.'' D∏n kmln-_ns‚ A\-\y-km-[m-c-W-amb hy‡nXzw A\m-h-cWw sNøp∂ Fw.-kn.-bpsS teJ\w Cßns\ XpS-cp-∂p:

""kzmX-¥y-Øn\v tijw BZyw \S∂ \nb-a-k`m sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ (1952 P\p-h-cn) Xncq¿ \ntbm-PI afi-e-Øn¬ \n∂mWv aZn-cmin\nb-a-k-`-bn-te°v D∏n kmln_v ho≠pw hnP-bn-®-Xv. tIc-f-Ønse G‰-hpw henb IΩyq-WnÃv _p≤n Pohn-bmb sI. Zmtam-Z-c-\m-bn-cp∂p D∏nkmln-_n-s\-Xnsc a’-cn® Hcp ÿm\m¿∞n (At±-l-Øns‚PmaykwJy \„-s∏-´p.)

aZmkv Akw-ªn-bn¬ apkvenw eoKv \nb-a-k-`m-I-£n-bpsS eoU-dmbpw D∏nkmln_v sXsc-™-Sp-°-s∏´p \mS-Io-b-amb cwK-ß-fn-eqsSbmWv At±lw \mb-I-\mbn Ah-tcm-[n-°-s∏-´-Xv.'' B IY IqSnFw.kn hnh-cn-°p-∂p.

""]m¿ń eoUsd sXsc-s™-Sp-°m≥ eoKv Fw.-F¬.F am¿ JmCsZan√Øv ap-l-ΩZv Ckvam-bn¬ kmln-_ns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ tbmKwtN¿∂p. B tbmK-Øn¬ sh®v D∏n kmln-_ns‚ A\p-`h kº-Øn-

tØbpw [oc-X-tbbpw ]iw-kn-®n-cp-∂p. At±lw kr„n® \nc-h[n [\yaplq¿Øßsfbpw ]ecpw tbmK-Øn¬ A\p-kva-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

l÷v bmX ]am-Wn®v Xe-t»cn ap\nkn-∏¬ Iu¨-kn¬ D∏n-km-ln-_n∂p \¬Inb ]uV Kwò-c-amb bmX-b-b-∏n-s\-°p-dn®v Fw.knhS-Ic ""XqenI'-I-bn¬ 2003 sabv amk-Øn-se-gp-Xnb teJ-\-Øn¬Cßs\ hnh-cn-°p∂p:

""D∏n-km-ln-_n-\p≈ bmX-b-b∏v tbmK-Øn¬ IΩyq-WnÃv Imc-\mbap≥kn-∏¬ sNb¿am≥ io. F.-hn.sI \mb¿ sNbvX kzmKXw Fs∂Bth-i-Øns‚ sImSp-ap-Sn-bn-se-Øn-®p. Cu F√pw tXmep-ambn ImWp∂DW-ßnb a\p-jy-\mWv D∏n-km-ln_v F∂v \nßƒ sX‰n-≤-cn-t°-≠.CXv knwl-am-Wv. hntZi kmam-Py-Xz-Øns‚ apºn¬ `mc-X-Øns‚kzmX-¥y-Øn\p th≠nbpw tIµ kwÿm\ \nb-a-k-`-I-fn¬ ]mh-ßƒ°v th≠nbpw ]m´-°p-Sn-bm-∑m¿°v th≠nbpw K¿÷\w apg-°nbhoc-knw-lw. B Aaq-ey-amb tkh-\-Øn∂v apºn¬ Cu cmPyw apgp-h≥ IS-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂psh∂v sNb¿am≥ ]d-™-t∏mƒ Fs‚ IÆp-Iƒkt¥mjw sIm≠v Xpfp-ºn-t∏m-bn. A∂v D∏n-km-ln_v Fw.-]n.-sbm, Fw.-F¬.F tbm Bbn-cp-∂n-√. A[n-Im-c-sam-∂p-an-√mØ Hcp cm„obt\Xmhv amXw ( apkvenw eoKm-bXp sIm≠v A[n-Im-c-Øn-se-Øp-sa∂v]Xo-£-bp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√) At±lw Xe-t»cn \K-c-°m-c-\p-ambncp∂n-√. Aß-s\-bp≈ Hcmƒ Hcp aX- I¿Ωw \n¿∆-ln-°m≥ t]mIp-tºmƒHcp ap≥kn-∏m-en‰n bmX-b-b∏v \¬Ip-I. AXn¬ sh®v A\y]m¿ń-°m-c-\mb Hcp t\Xmhv hmt\mfw ]pIgvØn∏-d-bp-I. tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v F∂ Akm-am\y hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ ]mK-¤y-sa-s¥∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p≈ AS-bmf hmIy-ambncp∂p B kw`hw-.''

tI´m¬ sImXn-Xo-cmØ hoc-KmY F∂ io¿j-I-Øn-ep≈ Fw.-kn.-bpsS teJ-\-Øn¬ ]ecpw tIƒ°mØXpw tI´m¬ A¤pXw Iqdp-∂-Xp-amb Ht´sd hnh-c-ß-fp-≠v.

""_nójv hncp≤ ka-c-Øns‚ `mK-ambn hnZym¿∞n-Isf tImtfPv_ln-jvI-cn-°m≥ alm-flm-Km‘n Blzm\w sNbvX-t∏mƒ ]kn-U≥kntImtf-Pn¬ \n∂v ]Tn∏p apS°n BZy-ambn ]pd-Øp-h∂ hnZym¿∞nt\Xmhv D∏n-km-ln-_m-bn-cp-∂p. (c≠m-a-Xmbn ]pd-Øp-h-∂Xv A∂v AtXtImtf-Pn¬ ]Tn-®n-cp∂ JmCsZ an√Øv ap-l-ΩZv Ckva-bn¬ kmln-_pw. Ccp-hcpw A∂v tIm¨K- ns‚ ]S-°p-Xn-c-Iƒ.

tZiob ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ mK-ambn tImgn-t°mSv amXr-`qan Zn\∏XwBcw-`n-°p-∂-Xnepw D∏n kmln-_n∂v Hcp ][m\ ]¶p≠m-bn-cp-∂p.apkvenw tZiob t\Xm-°-∑m¿ Iq´-tØmsS apkvenw eoKn¬ tNcm≥XpS-ßnb ap∏-Xp-I-fn-emWv kØm¿ tk´p km-ln-_n-t\m-sSm∏w D∏n

23


22


N¥p \ºym-cpsS ka-Im-eo-\≥

]`m-j-I≥, Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥,-In-an-\¬ h°o¬,-k-ap-Zmb ]h¿Ø-I≥ F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ ]kn-≤-\mb Xe-t»cnbnse sI.-Sn.-N-¥p-\-ºym¿D∏n kmln-_ns‚ ka-Im-eo-\-\m-bn-cp-∂p. 1888¬ P\n® N¥p \ºym¿°v1891 ¬ P\n® D∏n kmln-_n-s\-°mƒ aq∂p hb p aq∏p-≠v. Pohn-®n-cp∂ ImeØv Xs∂ kzbw CXn-lm-k-ambn amdp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Ccp-h-cpw. kmln-Xy-Øns‚ B[m-c-s∏m-cp-fp-I-fnepw am\-hob imkvXob hnj-b-ß-fnepw cm„o-b-Ønepw Ccp-h¿°p-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ah-Kmlw]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]Xn-^-en-°p-∂p.

\mb¿ kap-Zm-b-Ønse ]e A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw \n¿am¿÷\w sNøm≥N¥p\ºym¿ Bthi ]q¿∆w ]h¿Øn-°p-tºmƒ Ahi kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ c£bv°v ]S-s]m-cp-Xp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p D∏n kmln-_v.

_ncpZw t\Sm\pw \nba ]T-\-Øn-∂p-ambn aZn-cm-in-bn¬ Xma-k-am-°nb Ime-ØmWv hy‡n-ssh-`hw hnI-kn-∏n -s®-Sp -°m≥ N¥p\ºym¿°v km[n-®-sX-¶n¬ ae-_m-dn¬ Pzen-®p-\n∂ cm„ob i‡n-bp-sSbpw ]_-e-amb kmwkvIm-cnI i‡n-bp-sSbpw Imh-em-fmbn amdm\pwISpØ cm„ob iXp-°-fpsS t]mepw kvt\lm-Z-c-hp-Iƒ ]nSn®p ]‰m\pwD∏n kmln-_n∂v If-sam-cp-°n-bXv aZn-cmin Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

A°m-eØv Cu c≠p-sNdp-∏-°mcpw B\p-Im-enI ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fn-eqsS Ht´sd ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ kr„n-®p. A∂sØ UnkvSnŒvt_m¿Un¬ saº¿am-cm-bn-cp∂ hSs° ae-_m-dp-Im-cpsS A\m-ÿ-sb-

s\-°p-dn®p A°-an´v hnh-cn®p sIm≠v as‰mcp Fw.-F¬.F bmb sI.-Fw.-koXn kmln_v ]kw-Kn-®p. BI-bm¬ D∏n-km-ln_mWv eoU-dm-th-≠-sX∂v koXn-km-ln_v ka¿∞n-®p. AXn-t\mSv F√m Fw.-F¬.Famcpw tbmPn-®p. ]t£ D∏n-km-ln_v amXw AXn-t\mSv tbmPn-®n-√.]m¿´n eoU-dm-Im≥ F√mw sIm≠pw A¿l≥ koXn kmln-_m-sW∂pwAXpsIm≠v koXn kmln-_ns\ eoU-dm-°-W-sa-∂p-am-bn-cp∂p D∏nkmln-_ns‚ hmZw. F∂m¬ D∏n kmln-_v D≈-t∏mƒ Xms\mcn-°epweoU¿ ]Zhn kzoI-cn-°n-s√∂pw AXv Kpcp-\n-µbpw acym-Z-tI-Sp-a-mbn-Øo-cp-sa∂pamWv koXn kmln-_ns‚ \ne-]m-Sv. Cu kwhmZw Bdv aWn-°qtdmfw XpS¿∂p.

HSp-hn¬ KXy-¥-c-an-√msX ]m¿´n ]kn-U‚ v F∂ \ne-bn¬ JmCsZan√Øv C-S-s]-Sp-Ibpw D∏n-km-ln-_ns\ eoU-dmbn ]Jym-]n-°p-IbpwsNbvXp.''

***** ***** *****

25


24


tØmsS Ab-hn-d-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ N¥p\ºym¿ kmln-Xy-]-cn-j-Øp-ambn AI∂v bph-P\ kmlnXy ktΩ-f\w kwL-Sn-∏n-®-t∏mgpwc≠nepw tNcmsX \n¬°p-I-bmbncp∂p D∏n-km-ln-_v.

P∑-tZ-i-Øns‚ kmZr-iy-Ønepw c≠p-t]cpw mKy-hm-∑m-cm-Wv. A`n-am-\n-I-fpsS \mSmb amhn-em-bn-bn-emWv N¥p \ºym-cpsS P\\w. ]Sn-™mdv `mKØv ]uUntbmsS Fcn-t™-cn-a-e. ]®-∏p-X-∏n´v ]c∂p InS-°p∂ s\¬ hb¬ Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw Xd-hm-SpIƒ°v X¶-°kh-Wn-bn-®n-cn-°p∂p. -h-b-en∂v Ipdp-sI-bp≈ tXmSp-Iƒ Ccp ÿeØpw KwKt]mse Hgp-Ip-∂p. Bbn-eyØv Xd-hm-ńse NmØp-°pń \ºym-cpsS aI-\mbn 1888 ¬ N¥p \ºym¿ P\n-°p-∂p. aq∂p h¿jw ]n∂n-Sp-tºmƒtIm´bw Xd-hm-ń¬ amb≥ A[n-Im-cn-bpsS aI-\mbn D∏n kmln_pwP\n-°p-∂p. Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw Xd-hm-Sp-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´v At\Iw ]ap-J-∑m¿. ]e¿°pw ]e Awi-ß-fp-sSbpw B[n-]-Xyw. ImXn¬ ISp-°\pwXe-bn¬ IpSp-a-bp-ambn N¥p \ºym¿ ImSm-®nd kvIqfn¬ t]mIp-tºmƒapfi\w sNbvX Xe-bn¬ sXm∏n-b-Wn™v D∏n kmln_v ]mY-anIhnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\n-d-ßn-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. Ccp-hcpw _Æ≥ tImtf-Pn-seØp-∂p. ]n∂oSv aZn-cm-in-bn-se-Øp-∂p. P∑-\m- n¬ Xncn-s®-Øn-b-tXmsS Ch¿s]mXp cwKØv it≤-b-cm-hp-∂p.

a -∂q¿ a[pkqZ-\≥ Xß-fp-ambn D∏n kmln_v ASp-°p-∂Xpw N¥p\ºym¿ aptJ-\-bm-Wv. Xe-t»cn Xncp-h-ßmSv NmtØmØv aT-Øn¬Xßƒ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ Ime-ØmWv IqSp-X¬ ASp-Ø-Xv. lcn-P\ tkh-\-Øn∂p th≠n PohnXw Dgn™p sh® kzcmPy ]m¿ń t\Xmhv hn.-B¿ \mb-\m-cp-am-bpw D∏n-km-ln-_n\v ASpØ _‘w D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.kzcmPy ]m¿ń°v ]pdsa shÃv tImÃv kvs]-Œ¿ F∂ ]Xhpw _‘-Øn\v Xnf°w Iqń. IS-Ø-\mSv DZ-b-h¿Ω-Ø-ºp-cm≥ \S-Ønb P\-c-RvPn\n ]X-Øns‚ ]Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-cp∂ sI.kn \mcm-b-W≥ \ºym¿tZiob ]ÿm-\-Øn¬ BIr-„-\mb hn. ssccp\ºym¿ XpSßnbhcpwCcph-scbpw kzm[o-\n-®n-cp-∂p.

ae-bm-f-ÿ-e-t∏-cp-Iƒ°v A_-≤-P-Un-e-amb -am-‰-ßƒ hcp-Øn-sh-®Xv tIc-f-Øn-se-Ønb ]m›m-Xy-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂ hnizm-k-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂p D∏n-km-ln_v. km[m-cW ae-bmf hm°p-Iƒ t]mepw sh≈-°m¿hnIr-X-am-°n-bn- p-s≠∂v At±lw ka¿∞n-°m-dp-ap-≠v. kwkvIr-X-tØm-Sp≈ A`n-\n-thiw ImcWw ae-bm-f-hm-°p-Iƒ°v Kuchw t]msc∂vhmZn-®-h¿ ÿe-t∏-cp-Iƒ kwkvIr-Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ImWn® hncpXpwD∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ ImeØv N¿®m-hn-j-b-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. ÿe-\m-a-ß-fn¬]mNo\ Ncn-X-e-£y-ßƒ FX-tØmfw ]Z¿in-X-am-bn-´p-s≠∂v Kth-jWw \S-Øm≥ A∂v Nnd-°¬ Sn. _me-Ir-jvW≥ \mb¿ amXsaImcy-am-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q.

∏-‰nbpw hnZym-`ym-k-Im-cy-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw tZiob cm„o-bsØ kw_-‘n®pw tIc-f-]-Xn-I-bnepw tIcf k©m-cn-bnepw anX-hm-Zn-bnepw KP-tI-k-cn-bnepw kXy-hm-Zn-bnepw kzm`n-am-\n-bnepw h∂ teJ-\-ßƒ°v]n∂nse ]tNm-Z-I¿ N¥p\ºymcpw D∏n kmln-_p-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]e Imcy-ß-fnepw Ah¿ HØp ]nSn-®p.

Pn√m hnZym-`ymk Iu¨kn¬ AwKw F∂ \ne-bn¬ IXn-cq¿kvIqfns\ sslkvIq-fm°n Db¿Øm≥ N¥p \ºym-cpsS ia-Øn\v]n≥_-e-ta-In-bXv D∏n kmln-_m-bn-cp-∂p. lb¿ Fe-sa‚dn kvIqfns\sslkvIq-fm°n Db¿Ø-Ww F∂ ]tabw 1922 ¬ tIm´bw Xmeq°vt_m¿Un¬ D∏n kmln-_ns‚ \n¿_-‘-]-Imcw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xns\XpS¿∂mWv UnkvSnŒv t_m¿Uv ]kn-U≠pw kvIqƒ C≥kvs]-ŒdpwIXn-cq-cn¬ h∂v s]mXp P\m-`n-]mbw kzcq-]n-®-Xv.

am∏n-f-am-cpsS hnZym- ymk ]nt∂m-°m-h-ÿ-bn¬ Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw a\ws\m¥n-cp-∂p. hnZym-`ymk ]N-c-W-Øn-\p≈ Hc-h-k-chpw Ah¿ ]mgm-°n-b-Xp-an-√. 1920 ¬ DØc tIc-fob \mb¿ kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ H≥]Xmwhm¿jnI tbmK-Øn¬ N¥p\ºym¿ £Wn-°-s∏´p. \n¿_-‘-ambpw]s¶-Sp-t°≠ tbmK-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. ]s£ N¥p\ºym¿ t]mbXvI°mSv t_m¿Uv am∏nf kvIqfn¬ hnZym-`ymkw F∂ hnj-bsØ°p-dn®v ]kw-Kn-°m-\m-bn-cp-∂p. \mb¿ kam-P-hp-ambn N¥p-\-ºym-cpsS_‘w IW-°n-se-Sp-Øm¬ hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-tbm-Sp≈ At±-l-Øns‚ASp∏w hy‡-am-hp-∂p. hnZym-`ymk Iu¨kn¬ AwKw, kwÿm-\-kvIqƒ IΩn‰n saº¿, Xmeq°v t_m¿Uv ]kn-U‚ v F∂o \ne-I-fn¬]h¿Øn-°p-tºm-sgms° D∏n kmln-_n-s‚bpw G.sI Ip™n-am-b≥lmPn-bp-sSbpw tImbm-apt°bn-bp-sSbpw _mhp tIbn-bp-sSbpw A`n-]m-b-ßƒ Bcm-™n-cp-∂p.

Ahn-`-‡-apkvenw eoKns‚ ]apJ t\Xmhv kØm¿ tk´v Hcpt]meokv ]oU-\-tI- n¬ ]Xn-bmbncp∂-t∏mƒ ]Xn-`mKw h°o-embnN¥p \ºymsc \n¿t±-in-®Xv D∏n kmln-_m-bn-cp-∂p. tIkn¬ ]XnsbshdpsX hn´-t∏mƒ N¥p \ºymsc tImS-Xn-bn¬ sh®v kØm¿ tk´plmc-a-Wn-bn-®-Xn∂v D∏n-km-ln_pw km£yw hln-®p.

kmlnXy]c-amb Nn¥m-K-Xnbnepw N¥p \ºymcpw D∏n-km-ln_pwXΩn¬ kmay-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kmlnXy t]an-I-fm-bn-cp∂p Ccp-h-cpw. Cµp-te-J-bpsS coXn-bn¬ Fgp-Xnb hkp-a-Xnsb Ccp-hcpw \nin-X-ambnhna¿in-®n-cp-∂p.

kmlnXy ]cn-j-Øp-ambn D‰-_-‘-amWv Ccp-hcpw ]pe¿Øn-b-Xv.kmlnXy ]cnjØns‚ Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ \S∂ hm¿jnI ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬sI.-Fw. koXn kmln_v A≤y-£X hln-®Xv D∏n kmln_v A`n-am-\-

27


26


tIcf apkvenw aPvenkn¬

1930 emWv D∏n-km-ln_v kl-]-h¿Ø-tcm-sSm∏w tN¿∂v tIcfapkvenw aPvenkv ÿm]n-®-Xv. aPven-kns‚ knI- dn ÿm\hpw At±lwGs‰-Sp-Øp. tIcf apkvenwIfpsS kmaq-lyhpw hnZym-`ymk ]c-hp-amb\thm-∞m-\-Øn\v Cu kwL-S\ Gsd klm-b-I-ambnØo¿∂ncp∂p.aZn-cmin \nb-a-\n¿ΩmWk`-bnse kzcmPy ]m¿´n-bpsS skI-´-dn-bmbnsXsc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´Xpw D∏n-km-ln-_m-bn-cp-∂p. Bh-iyhpw kµ¿`hpwA\p-k-cn-®-√msX At±lw \nb-k-`-bn¬ kwkm-cn-°p-I-bn-√. Bh-iy-amb Imcy-ßƒ Bcp-sSbpw apJw t\m°msX ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøpw AXpwanX-amb kzc-Øn¬,-hy-‡-amb `mj-bn¬ Imcy-ImcW kln-X-amWv]d™p Xo¿°p-I. Cu Imc-W-Øm¬ GXp ImeØpw \nb-a-\n¿ΩmWk` D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ A`n-]m-b-ßƒ i≤m-]q¿∆w tIƒ°p-IbpwAt±lw D∂-bn-°p∂ Bhiy-ßƒ°v ]cn-K-W\ \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXpt]m∂p. 1952 se sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-emWv apkvenw eoKv Sn°-‰n¬ aZn-cminAkw-ªn-bn-te°v a’-cn-°p-∂-Xv. tIcf apkvenw aPven-kn¬ kPo-h-ambn ]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂-h-cn¬ ]ecpw ]n∂oSv apkvenw eoKn¬ tNt°-dn.aPv-enkv GsXmcp Dt±-i-Øn\v kwL-Sn-®pthm AtX Dt±i km[yØn-\mbn AJn-te-¥ym-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p∂ eoKn∂v hgn-am-dn-s°m-Sp-°m≥ aPvenkv Xocp-am-\n-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.

tIc-f-apkvenw aPven-kns‚ ]Ya ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ Jm≥ kmln_vsI. Ip™-ΩZv tImb sNbvX kzmKX ]kwKw D∏n-km-ln_v Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-sW∂v ]d-™p-tI-´n-´p-≠v. ""aZn-cmin Kh¿sa‚ v Cu kwÿm-\-

IÆq¿ sslkvIq-fn¬ h∂v Hcn-°¬ cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nmcn ]kw-Kn-®-t∏mƒ IÆs‚ ( ioIr-jvW-s‚) DucmWv IÆq¿ F∂v ]d-™n-cp-∂p. Cu Imcy-Øn¬ X¿°n-°m\pw D∏n-km-ln_v apXn¿∂n-√. hnZym-\n[n ]n. Ip™n-cm-a-°p-dp∏v F∂ ][m-\-A-≤ym-]-I≥ Im\-Øq¿ F∂t]¿ hcm≥ ImcWw BZy-ambn hS-s°-a-e-_m-dn¬ lnµp-°ƒ CkvemwaX-Øn¬ tN¿∂v "Im\Øv" Ign-®-Xp-sIm-≠mWv F∂v ]d-™p-tI-´-t∏mgpw D∏n-km-ln_v I£n tN¿∂n-√. ap≥ Ime-ß-fn¬ hSs° ae-_m-dn¬ hnhn[ PmXn kmaq-l-°m-cpsS hk-Xn-Iƒ°v sht∆sd t]cp-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \ºq-XncnamcpsS hk-Xn°v C√w F∂pw a\-sb∂pw ]c-tZin _m“-W-cpsS Krl-Øn\v aTw F∂pw A[xIrX h¿§-°m-cpsSBe-b-ßƒ°v Nmf F∂pw apkvenwIfpsS hk-Xn°v "]pc' F∂p-sams°. CXn-s\-°p-dn®pw D∏n-km-ln_v Kth-j-W-Øn\v t]mbn-√. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ tIm´mepw Aº-e-Ø-dbpw acn-°-dm-Sbpw c≠p-]p-cbpwa√m-‰n-bp-sams° Fßs\ h∂p F∂Xpw A⁄m-X-am-bn. tIm´bw \mSp-hm-gn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]gb \mS≥ ]m´p-I-fnepw bp≤-°-Y-I-fnepw i≤sh°m≥ D∏n kmln-_n\v Xmev]-cy-°p-dhpw D≠m-bn-√. ]gb NcnXhkvXp-X-Iƒ shdpw IY-I-sft∂m s]mcp-f‰ Xam-i-I-sft∂m A\m-h-iy-sam-gn-I-sft∂m IcpXn Hcp ]s£ B Xe-apd X≈n-°-f-™n-cn-°mw.CXp ImcWw tIc-f-Øns‚ ]mNo\ NcnXw A\p-I-a-ambn Fgp-Xm≥]n∂o-Sp-≈-h¿°v km≤y-am-b-Xp-an√. teml-Ø-In-Sp-I-fnepw ]\-tbm-e-I-fnepw ]I¿Øn sh®n-cp∂ FXtbm hnin„ KŸ-ßƒ \in®XvNcnX ]c-amb hkvXp-X-Iƒ kam-l-cn-°m≥ hnj-a-hp-ap-≠m-°n.

***** ***** *****

29


28


D∏v kXym-K-lhpw D∏n-km-ln-_pw

1931 ¬ tIm¨Kkv D∏v kXym-Klw kwL-Sn-∏n-®-t∏mƒ D∏nkmln_v Fgp-Xnb teJ\w C¥y≥ kzmX¥y ka-c-Øn\v Xs∂ kp[o-c-amb as‰mcp apJw \¬Ip-∂-Xm-bn. D∏n kmln_v U¬ln-bn¬ sN∂vhSs° C¥y-bnse ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ t\cn v ]Tn-®-dn™p sIm≠m-bn-cp∂pteJ\w Xøm-dm-°n-b-Xv. apkven-wIƒ°v Hcp ]tXyI kwL-S\ Bh-iy-am-sW∂ Nn¥m-KXn P\-lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬ D±o-]n-∏n-°m≥ ]kvXpXteJ\w ]cym-]vX-am-bn-cp∂psh∂v kn.-sI.]n.sNdnb aΩp-t°bnBh¿Øn®p ]d-bm-dp-≠v.

Cu teJ-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v A∂sØ UnkvSnŒv t_m¿Uv ]kn-U‚m-bn-cp∂ Sn.Fw sambvXp kmln-_ns‚ hk-Xn-bn¬ Iptd apkvenwt\Xm-°ƒ HØp IqSn N¿® \S-Øn-bXv tIcf apkvenw aPven-kns‚]nd-hn°v Imc-W-ambn F∂v tIbn kmln_v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. tIcfapkvenw aPven-kns‚ ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-te°v Ad-°¬ cmPm kmln-_n-s\bpw kn.-]n. aΩpt°bn-sbbpw ---BIr-„-cm-°n-bXv D∏n-km-ln-_m-bn-cp-∂p. aPvenkns‚ ]Ya ktΩ-f\w hnP-b-I-c-ambn Xe-t»cn \S-Øn-bXv kzmKX kwL-Øns‚ knI-´-dn-bm-bn-cp∂ -D-∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ ]b-Xv\-^-e-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ ]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ ""apkvenw ¢∫ns\'' N¿®m-th-Zn-bm°n ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-®Xpw D∏n-km-ln-_m-bn-cp-∂p. aX-]-c-amb hnj-b-ßfpw tZiob ]m[m-\y-ap≈ Imcy-ßfpw kPoh N¿®bv°v hnt[-b-am-°n-bXp ImcWw F.-sI.-Ip-™n-am-b≥ lmPn, kn.-]n.-aΩp-t°-bn,

Øn¬ A©p apkvenw sslkvIqƒ \S-Øp-∂p-≠v. ]s£ kwÿm-\-Øns‚ apkvenw P\-kw-Jy-bn¬ ap∂n¬ Hcp `mKw hcp∂ ae-_m-dn¬Hscm‰ apkvenw sslkvIqƒ t]mepw Kh¿sa‚ v \S-Øp-∂n-√. hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬ aX-]-T\w A\p-h-Zn®p sIm≠v am∏nf kvXoI-fpsS hnZym- ymk\ne°v ]cn-lmcw ImW-Ww.

tIc-f-Ønse Ppap-AØv ]≈n-Isf tIµo-I-cn-®p≈ Pam-A-Øp-Isf GIo-I-cn®v i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw k°m-Øv, hJ^v apX-emb s]mXp[\-ßsf aXm-\p-kr-X-ambn \nb-¥n-°m\pw aPven-kns\ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.

1988 G]n-en¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn® tIcf apkvenw \thm-∞m\ Ncn-X-Øn¬ tIcf apkvenw aPvenkns\-°p-dn-®p≈ A≤ym-b-Øn¬ ap∏-Xp-I-fpsS XpS-°-Øn¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ kPo-h-am-bn-cp∂ Hcp kwL-S-\-bmWv aPvenkv F∂v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

1933 se apkvenw aPvenkv dnt∏m¿´pw AXn¬ tN¿Øn-´p-≠v.AXn¬ ]d-bp∂ `mc-hm-ln-Iƒ:

Fw. Pam¬ apl-ΩZv (]kn-U‚ v) Jm≥ kmln_v sI. Ip™-ΩZv tImb, kn.-sI.]n kq∏n-°p-´nt°bn (sshkv ]kn-U‚p-am¿) sI.D∏n-km-ln-_v, lmPn A–p¬ kØm¿, lmPn CkvlmJv tk´v (-sk-I-´-dn-am¿) apl-ΩZv A–p-d-ln-am≥ kmln_v (I¨ho-\¿ hnZym-`ymkt_m¿Uv)

***** ***** *****

31


30


aq¨sse‰v Km¿U≥ ]m¿ń

Xe-t»cn ap≥kn-∏¬ Iu¨kn-edpw ]apJ hmKvanbpw hn -P-\--Øn\vapºv Xet»-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw ]kn-≤o-I-cn® apPm-lnZv ]m£n-I-Øns‚]-Xm-[n-]-cp-am-bn-cp∂ H. amb-\en kmln_v 1954 G]n¬ 24 se NµnIBgvN-∏-Xn-∏n¬ ""aq¨ sse‰v Km¿U≥ ]m¿ń-bpsS IY ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.B ]m¿ń-bn¬ ]s¶-SpØ Bcpw C∂v Pohn-®n-cn-∏n-√. F¨]ØnH≥]Xvh¿j-ßƒ°v apºv \S∂ kw`hw amb-\en kmln_v tcJ-s∏-SpØnsh®Xp sIm≠v AXv Ncn-X-Ønse \nd-∏-In-´p≈ A≤ym-b-am-bn.

""1920 embn-cp∂p aZn-cmin \nb-a-\n¿ΩmW k`m sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬hnP-bn-I-fmb sI. D∏n kmln-_n-s\bpw Sn.-Fw. sambvXp kmln-_n-s\bpw A\p-tam-Zn-°m≥ th≠n C…m-anIvv ]n‚nwKv ]ªn-jnwKv Iº\nÿnXn-sN-bvXn-cp-∂Xpw C∂v ]mcokv dtÃm-d‚ v \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xp-ambFSp-∏ns‚ A¶-W-Øn¬ sh®v Xe-t»-cn-bnse ]uc ][m-\n-I-fpsS hIaq¨sse‰v Km¿U≥ ]m¿ń G¿∏mSp sNbvXXv. B alm kZ- n¬ sh®vtIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v sNbvX ]kwKw Hcn-°epw a\- n¬ \n∂p ambn-√. _lp-am-\-Øn\v aq∂p hi-ß-fp-≠v. ss]Xr-I-am-tbm, ]c-º-cm-K-X-amtbm D≈-Xv,-a-‰p-≈-h¿ sh®p sI´p-∂-Xv, kz]-b-Xv\-Øn¬ \n∂pw XymK-Øn¬ \n∂pw D¬`q-X-am-hp-∂-Xv. Ch-bn¬ BZyw ]d-™Xv c≠pwF\n°v th≠. Fs‚ Ffnb ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ _lp-am-\sØ Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°p-sa-¶n¬ AXv ths≠∂p hbv°m≥ Rm≥ Hcp-ßp-I-bn-√.''

amb-\en kmln_v D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ apZm-hm-IysØ ASn-h-c-bn-Sp-∂p. ""kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ tkh-I≥ AXns‚ bP-am-\-\m-Ip-∂p. F∂ \_nhN-\-amWv B apZm-hm-Iyw. AXv ]mh¿Øn-I-am°pw hn[w Xs‚ Ign-hp-Iƒ At±lw kap-Zm-b-Øn\v hn\n-tbm-Kn-®p. ]Z-hn-Iƒ kap-Zm-b-Øn∂p th≠n A¿∏n-®p.

***** ***** *****

Sn.Fw.apkm-km-ln_v XpS-ßn-b-hcpw Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ ]mŒokv Bcw-`n®sI.-Fw. koXn-km-ln_pw ¢∫nse ÿncw kµ¿i-I-cm-bn. Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ UnkvSnŒv skj≥kv PUvPn-bm-bn-cp∂ ao¿ ssk\p-±o≥ ¢∫p-ambn kl-I-cn®v kmaqly ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ hym]r-X-\m-bn.

1934 apX¬ 1956 hsc c≠p ]Xn-‰m-≠n-tesd Imew Xe-t»-cn-bn¬Ign™ koXn-km-ln-_n\v hn´p]n-cn-bmØ Iq´p-Im-c-\m-bn-cp∂p D∏n-km-ln-_v. 1956 G]n¬ c≠n\v Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ \S∂ Xmeq°v apkvenw eoKvtIm¨ -d≥kn¬ D∏n-km-ln-_n-t\m-sSm-∏-ap≈ koXn-km-ln-_ns‚ BK-a\w XIv_o¿[z-\n-I-tfm-sS-bmWv P\w kzoI-cn-®-Xv. JmCsZ an√Øv -ap-l-ΩZv CkvamCu¬ kmln-_ns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ tN¿∂ ]kvXpXktΩ-f\w koXn kmln-_n-∂p≈ bmX-b-b∏p IqSn-bm-bn.

Xe-t»-cn-bnse hmk-ap-t]-£n®v FdWm-Ip-f-tØ°v Xmakw am‰p-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n®v 1956 G]n¬ 5\v koXn kmln_v Xe-t»cn sdbn¬shtÃj-\n-se-ØnbXv D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ IqsS-bm-bn-cp-∂p. h≥P-\-°q-´-am-bn-cp∂p A∂v tÃj-\n-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. koXn-km-ln-_ns‚ sXm´-SpØItk-e-bn¬ D]hn-jvS-\m-bn-cp∂ D∏n-km-ln_v timI-aq-I-amb Hc-¥-co-£-Øn∂v km£yw hln-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

Xe-t»-cn-°m¿°v Bh-iy-ap-≈-t∏m-sgms° £Wn-®m¬ koXnkmln_v FØpw F∂p≈ Hcp-d∏v D∏n-km-ln_v P\-°q-´-Øn\v \¬In.

1958 ¬ ap\nkn-∏¬ D]-sX-sc-s™-Sp∏v thf-bn¬ koXn-km-ln_vXe-t»cn h∂p. 1960se s]mXp sXc-s™-Sp∏v Ah-k-c-Ønepw koXn-km-ln_v Xe-t»-cn-bn-se-Øn. AJn-te¥ym tIm¨K v ]kn-U≠v\oew kRvPoh sdÕn, C¥y≥ bq\n-b≥ -apkvenw eoKv ]kn-U‚ vJmCsZ an√Øv -ap-l-ΩZv Ckva-mCu¬ kmln-_v a∂Øv ]fl-\m-`≥F∂n-h-tcm-sSm∏w koXn kmln-_ns\ thZn-bn¬ I≠-h¿ D∏nkmln-_ns‚ Dd-∏n-s\-∏‰n Hm¿°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tIcf \nb-a-k-`, kv]o°-dm-b-t∏mƒ 1960 sabv 6,7 Xoø-Xn-I-fn¬ ap≥kn-∏¬ Iu¨knepw a‰p hnhn[IΩn-‰n-Ifpw koXn-km-ln-_n∂v cmP-Iob kzoI-cWw \¬In-b-t∏mƒapkvenw eoKns‚ Iuamceoe-Iƒ°v km£ywhln® ] -Whpw AXns‚]ucm-WnI alna Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn® D∏n-km-ln_pw B\µ \n¿hr-Xn-b-S-

bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

***** ***** *****

33


32


£nXamhp-I-bp-ffq F∂v At±lw hniz-kn-®p.

\n -l-I-cW ]ÿm-\hpw Jnem-^Øv ]h¿Ø-\hpw Du¿÷n-X-amb ImeØv At±lw Ah-bn¬ kPoh ]h¿Ø-I-\m-bn. tIm¨K- ns‚ B⁄-b-\p-k-cn®v Xt±i kzbw-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßƒ _ln-jvI-cn-°m≥ A[n-I-am-fp-Iƒs°m∂pw ss[cy-an-√m-Xn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ lmPnkmln_v kzX-kn-≤-amb [ocX A°m-cy-Ønepw ]I-Sn-∏n-®p. A°m-eØv tIm´bw Xmeq°v t_m¿Uv saº-dm-bn-cp∂ At±lw B ÿm\wcmPn-sh®p sIm≠v Xmeq°v t_m¿Uv _ln-jvI-cn-®p. _nójvKh¿sa‚ns\ ]qPn-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp∂p A°m-esØ [\m-Vy-cn¬ `qcn-`m-K-hpw. Ah-cpsS FXn¿∏ns\ hI-sh-°m-sX-bm-bn-cp∂p Ip™n-am-b≥lmPn-bpsS ]h¿Ø-\w. Cu [oc-X-bmWv D∏n kmln-_n∂pw At±lw]I¿∂p\¬In-b-Xv.

auem\m apl-Ω-Z-en-bpsS amXmhv _obp-Ωbpw tUmŒ¿ kønZvalaqZpw Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ h∂-t∏mƒ alm-tbm-K-ßƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-tºmgpw a‰p kwcw- -ßƒ \S-Øp-tºmgpw D∏n-km-ln-_ns\ Iqń∂p Iqń.1931 ¬ tIcf apkvenw aPvenkv ÿm]n-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ At±lw AXns‚hf-≠n-b¿ Iy]v‰-\m-bn. Xe-t»-cn-bnse kn.]n aΩp-t°-bn-bm-bn-cp∂pIp™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bpsS as‰mcp Iq´mfn. apkvenw eoKns\ ae-_m-dn¬ thcp-d-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ch¿ Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw ]¶pw tkh-\hpw kvXp-Xy¿l-am-bn-cp-∂p. kwLm-S-Is‚ kIe kma¿∞yhpw XnI™ Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂p Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn.

Nmb-tØm´w \S-Øp-∂Xp bqtdm-]y-∑m-cpsS IpØ-I-bm-bn-cp∂psh∂v F√m-hcpw Icp-Xn-t∏m-∂n-cp∂ ImeØv kz¥w \nebv°v Nmb-tØm-´hpw AXn-∂m-h-iy-amb kma-Kn-Ifpw At±lw G¿s∏-Sp-Øn.\mSmsI t]cp-tI´ Bbnjm _\n-b\pw a‰p XpWn-Ø-c-ßfpw \n¿Ωn-°p∂ ^mŒ-dnbpw ÿm]n-®p. Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bpsS amXm-hns‚t]cmWv Bbn-j. (D-∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ `mcym-am-Xmhv)

Hcp sXsc-s™-Sp-∏nepw ÿm\m¿∞n-bm-hm-\p≈ tamlw At±-l-Øn¬ DZn-®n-√. ]s£ sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ ÿm\m¿∞n-Isf At±lwI≠p-]n-Sn-®p.

kap-Zm-b-Øn\v Hcp ]Xw A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂v At±lw hniz-kn-®p. A¬ Aao-∂p-th≠n -ap-l-ΩZv A–p-d-ln-am≥ kmln-_n∂v ]e-X-c-Øn-ep-ap≈ klm-b-ßƒ \¬In.

A¬ Aao\pw amXr-`q-anbpw ASp-Ø-Sp-Ømbn ssXhm-cn-I-bmbnBcw-`n-®-Xns\°pdn®v Ben-°p™n ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p-≠v.

amXr-`q-an°v 19000 I aqe-[\w ]ncn™t∏mƒ A¬ Aao∂v 25000I aqe-[\w ]ncn-°m-\m-bn. 1930 apX¬ Bcw-`n-®n-cp∂ kXym-Kl

Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPnbpsS Is≠-Ø¬

D∏n-km-ln-_ns\ s]mXp cwK-tØ°v sIm≠p-h-∂Xv F.-sI.-Ip™namb≥ lmPn-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂v Ncn-X-Im-c\pw ]X-]-h¿Ø-I-\p-am-bn-cp∂ Fw. Ben-°p™n kmln_pw Fgp-Øp-Im-c\pw ]mkw-Kn-I-\p-amb H. amln-\-enbpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

D∏nkmln-_ns‚ mcym-k-tlm-Z-c-\mWv Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn. 1920¬D∏n kmln-_ns\ ÿm\m¿∞n-bmbn cwK-Øn-d°m\p≈ ss[cywAt±lw ImWn-®p. ]_-e-amb Hcp FXn¿ i‡nsb t\cn-tS≠n h∂p-sh-¶nepw Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bpsS ÿm\m¿∞n-bm-bXp sIm≠p ]mam-Wn-I-cmb hy‡n-Iƒ D∏n kmln-_n∂v th≠n Acbpw Xebpw apdp°ncwK-Øn-d-ßn. ]ikvX hnP-b-amWv D∏n kmln_v ssIh-cn-®-Xv.

tIc-f-Øn-e-tßm-f-an-tßmfw kp]-cn-Nn-X-amb Hcp t]cmWv Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bp-sS-sX∂v Fw. Ben-°p™n kmln_v 1954 se NµnIBgvN-∏-Xn-∏ns‚ apkvenw eoKv tIm¨^≥ v kvs]jy-en¬hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂p. kap-Zmb a≤y-Ønepw cm„ob cwKØpw hymh-km-bnI afi-e-ß-fnepw ]X-tem-IØpw kp]-cn-Nn-X-\mb Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bpsShnP-bn® I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-am-bn-cp∂p D∏n-km-ln-_v.

Ben-°p™n XpS-cp∂p: ae-_m-dnse apkvenw-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ hyh-kmb a\xÿnXn D≠m-°nb BZysØ hy‡n Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. hf-]-´-WØv tImln-\q¿ tkman√v ÿm]n-®p. ae-_m-dnsean° enan-‰Uv Iº-\n-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´p. òa-amb Hml-cn-I-sf-Sp-Øp.]e-Xn-s‚bpw Ub-d-Œ-dm-bn. Gjy-bnse ][m\ ssπhpUv mŒ-dn-bmbshtÃ¨ C¥ym Iº\n Ub-d-Œ-dmb At±lw Pmam-Xmhv F.-sI.-Im-Z¿Ipń kmln-_ns\ AXns‚ amt\-PnwKv Ub-d-Œ-dm-°n.

kap-Zmbw hyh-km-bnIhpw kmaq-lyhpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw hnZym-`ymk]c-hp-ambn A`n-hr-≤n-s∏-´mse kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ \ne kpc-

35


34


Sn.Fw sambvXp kmln-_ns‚ IqsS

D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ as‰mcp ka-Im-eo-\-\m-bn-cp∂p Sn.Fw sambvXpkmln-_v. ae-_m-dnse apkvenw-Iƒ°v c≠p \ntbm-PI afi-e-ßƒamXta D≠m-bn-cp∂p≈q. 1923 ¬ Ch¿ c≠p-t]-cp-amWv aZn-cmin ePn-t…-‰ohv Iu¨kn-en-te°v sXsc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-Xv. sambvXp kmln_v1926 ¬ ae-_m¿ UnkvSnŒv t_m¿Uns‚ ]kn-U‚m-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ D∏nkmln_v k¿∆]h¿Ø\-ßƒ°pw Xmßpw XW-ep-am-bn-Øo¿∂p.

Xe-t»-cn-bnse ]apJ apkvenw IpSpw-_-amb ap°m-ń¬ F∂ `h-\-Øn¬ 1889 embn-cp∂p sambvXp kmln-_ns‚ P\-\w. D∏n kmln-_ns‚ c≠p hb- n\v aqØ-Xm-bn-cp∂p sambvXp kmln-_v.

hnZym-`ym-km-\-¥cw At±lw hym]m-cm¿∞w aZn-cm-in°v t]mbn.IpSpw_ hym]m-c-ÿm-]-\-amb Sn.Fw Dkvam≥ lmPn Iº-\n-bn¬tN¿∂p. ]n∂oSv kz¥w \ne-bn¬ ac-°-®-hSw XpS-ßn. A°m-eØv aZn-cm-in-bnse s]mXp ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw kap-Zmb ]ÿm-\-ß-fnepwsambvXp kmln_v kPo-h-ambn

ae-_m¿ elf \nanØw Zpcn-X-a-\p-`-hn-°p∂ Gd-\m-ń-sebpw h≈p-h-\m-ń -sebpw apkvenw ktlm-Z-c-ßsf c£n-°m≥ _n.-t]m-°¿kmln_pw a‰pw ÿm]n® am∏n-f Aa-e-tdj≥ I-Ωn-‰n-bnse kPoh]h¿Ø-\m-bn-cp-∂p sambvXp kmln-_v. A[n-Ir-X¿°v apkvenw-I-fpsS\ne-sb-°p-dn®v \nth-Z\w \¬Im\pw hkvXp-X-Iƒ ka¿∏n-°m\pwapXn¿∂ Npcp°w Nne hy‡n-Ifn¬ sambvXp kmln_v ap≥]-¥n-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p.

ImeØv A¬ Aao≥ ]Xm-[n-]¿ A_vZp-d-lvam≥ kmln-_n-t\bpwamXr-`qan ]Xm-[n-]¿ sI. tIf-∏-s\bpw _‘-\-ÿ-cm-°n. Zn\-∏-X-am-sb-¶nepw apJ-]-kwKsagp-XmsX amXr-`qan ]pd-Øn-d-°nb Ime-ambncp∂p A-Xv. A¬ Aao-\m-hs´ [ochpw i‡-hp-amb apJ-]-kw-K-ßƒ Fgp-Xn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. c≠p Zn\-∏-X-ßfpw k¿°m-dn\v Xe-th-Z-\-bm-bn. ""I≠Xp ]d-™m¬ I™n-bn√'' F∂ apJ ]kw-K-Øn-eqsS_nójv Kh¿sa‚ns\ A¬ Aao≥ \nin-X-ambn hna¿in-®-t∏mƒKh¿sa‚ v ]Xw I≠p-sI-ń. apJ ]kwK tImfw Hgn-®n-´-Xns‚ t]cn¬amXr-`qan c£-s∏-´p.

A¬ Aao-\ns‚ Xntcm-[m-\-tØmsS kap-Zm-b-Øn\v Hcp ]Xw C√m-Xm-bn. CXn¬ a\w-s\m-¥mWv Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPnbpw sI.-Fw.-k-oXn-km-ln_pw kØm¿ tk´phpw kn.]n aΩp-t°-bnbpw tN¿∂v ]Xn-hmc]X-ambn Nµn-Ibv°v XpS-°-an-Sp-∂-Xv. CXns‚ \S-Øn-∏n-\mbn apkvenw]n‚nwKv B‚ v ]ªn-jnwKv Iº\n cq]o-I-cn-®p. XpS-°-Øn¬ kn.-]n.aΩp-t°-bn-bm-bn-cp-∂p amt\-PnwKv Ub-d-Œ¿. tIbn-bpsS ac-W-tijwIp™n-am-b≥ lmPn ÿm\w Gs‰-Sp-Øp. \mń-ep-S-\ofw Np‰n Nµn-Ibv°vsjb¿ D≠m°n-bXv Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bm-Wv. NµnI tImgn-t°m-t´°v am‰n ÿm]n-°p-tºmƒ ÿehpw sIń-Shpw Inń-bXv Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bpsS ]cn-i-a^-e-am-sW∂v Ben-°p™n tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.(N-µnI BgvN-∏-Xn-∏v. 1954 G]n¬ 15)

***** ***** *****

37


36


Ncn-X-ØnseAhn-kva-c-Wob-amb GSp-Iƒ

Xs‚ a¥n-k-`-bn¬ Hcp a¥n-bm-hm≥ kn. cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nmcn D∏n-km-ln-_ns\ \n¿_-‘n-®n-cp-∂p. tIm¨K- n\v X\n®v `qcn-]-£-an-√m-Xn-cp∂ aZn-cmin \nb-a-k-`-bn¬ cmP-tKm-]m-em-NmcnbpsS a¥n k`bv°v\ncp-]m-[n-I-amb ]n¥pW \¬Im≥ apkvenw eoKv Xocp-am-\n® kµ¿`-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. apkvenw eoKv \nb-a-k`m ]m¿´n eoU¿ D∏n kmln-_m-bn-cp-∂p.

kzX¥ `mcXw ]nd-hn-sb-SpØ DSs\ \S∂ kw`-h-am-Wn-Xv.I¬°Ø Iem-]Xnkokns‚ D]-⁄m-Xm-°-fmb IΩyq-Wn-ÃvIm-cpsSt\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Hcp Kh¿sa‚ v D≠m-hp-∂-Xns\ XS-bpI F∂ P\m-[n-]Xy t_m[-amWv tIm¨K v Kh¿sa‚n\v ]n¥pW \¬Im≥ apkvenweoKns\ t]cn-∏n-®-Xv. CXn\v ]Xyp-]-Im-c-am-bmWv cmPmPn Xs‚ a¥nk`-bn¬ AwK-am-hm≥ D∏n-km-ln-_ns\ £Wn-®-Xv. D∏n kmln_v B£Ww \µn]q¿∆w \nc-kn-®p. ]K-¤-\mb D∏n-km-ln_v Xs‚ a¥nk-`bv°v Hcp Ae-¶m-c-am-bn-cn°pw F∂v cmPmPn ]d-™-t∏mƒ A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ A∏-°-jvW-Øn¬ ]¶v tNmZn-°m-\√ apkvenw eoKv Aß-bpsS-a¥nk`-sb ]n¥m-ßp-∂-sX∂v D∏n-km-ln_v adp-]-Snbpw ]d™p.

tIm¨K v \nb-a-k`m ]m¿´n tbmK-Øn¬ apkvenw eoKv Fw.-F¬.Fam¿ ]tXy-I-ambn £Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v CXn-S-bm-°n. Ime-Øns‚ Ic-ßƒ eoKns‚ \ne-\n¬]n∂v AwKo-Imcw \¬Ip-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

ae-_m¿ UnkvSnŒv t_m¿Uns‚ ]kn-U‚mbn 1926 ¬ sambvXpkmln-_ns\ Kh¿sa‚ v t\man-t\‰v sNbvX-Xm-Wv. BZysØ A\p-tZymKÿ ]kn-U‚ v am[-h-cm-P-bpsS ÿm\-ØmWv sambvXp kmln_vc≠m-a-Xm-bn- hcp-∂-Xv. 1929 ¬ ho≠pw sambvXp-km-ln_v Xs∂-bmWvae-_m¿ UnkvSnŒv t_m¿Uv ]kn-U‚m-b-Xv. t_m¿Uns‚ Ncn-X-Øn¬Bdp sIm√w ]kn-U‚m-bXv sambvXp kmln_v amX-am-Wv. 1928 ¬Jm≥ kmln_v ÿm\hpw 1931 ¬ Jm≥ _l-Zq¿ ÿm\hpw e`n®sambvXp kmln_v 1937 ¬ aZn-cmin sePn-t…-‰ohv Iu¨kn-en-te°pwsXsc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´p.

Cu Ime-L-´-Øn-sems° apkvenw hnZym-`ymk Imcy-Øn¬ AXohi≤ ]Xn-∏n-°m≥ sambvXp kmln-_n-t\m-sSm∏w D∏n kmln_pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. aZn-cmin Kh¿sa‚ v \nb-an® apkvenw hnZym-`ymk IΩn-‰n-bn-eqsS hnZym-e-b-ß-fnse aX-]-T-\hpw Ad-_n-`mjm ]T-\hpw A\p-h-Zn-°m≥ kΩ¿±w sNep-Øn-bXv Ch-cm-Wv.

PÃnkv I£n-bnse Hcw-K-am-bn´mWv \nb-a-k-`-bn¬ sambvXpkmln_v ]h¿Øn-®-Xv. Kh¿sa≠pambn s]mcp-Xm-\√ Kh¿sa‚p-ambnkl-I-cn®v Imcyw t\Sp-∂-XmWv _p≤n F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p At±lw A`n-]m-b-s∏- Xv F∂v D∏n-km-ln_v ]d-bm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ae-_m¿ UnkvSnŒvt_m¿Un\v G‰-hp-a[nIw an®ap≈ _P‰v sIm≠p-h-cm≥ km[n-®XvsambvXp kmln-_ns‚ Ime-Øm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw D∏n kmln_v A`n-am-\-tØmsS Hm¿°pw.

***** ***** *****

39


38


]-Xy-am-hm-sa∂v hmZn® ]n.kn tPmjnsb Ah¿ t\csØ ]pd-Øm-°n.kmbp[ hnπhw e£y-]-am-W-am-°nb _n.Sn cW-Zn-h-bpsS I¬-°-Øm-Xn-kokv Bbn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS ]h¿Ø\ am¿§w. C¥ybv°v kzmX¥ywInń-sb∂v Ah¿ AwKo-I-cn-®n-√. kzmX-¥y-Zn\w Ah¿°v Icn-Zn-\-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Km‘n-Pnsb Ah¿ hm¿[bnse I≈ssZh-sa∂v hnfn-®p. sXep-¶m\ tamU¬ Iem-]-ßƒ P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ ASn-Ød am¥pIbpw]gb ASn-aØ hyh-ÿnXn Xncn®p hcn-I-bm-bn-cn°pw êw. CØ-c-samcp kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Z£n-tW-¥y-bpsS `cWw IΩyq-Wn-ÃvIm-cs‚Iøn¬ G¬]n-°p-∂Xv Bfl-l-Xym-]-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. a’cw GIm-[n-]-Xyhpw P\m-[n-]Xyhpw XΩn-em-b-t∏mƒ GXns\ kzoI-cn-°Ww F∂vXocp-am-\n-°m≥ apkvenw eoKn∂v ]bm-k-s∏-tS≠n h∂n-√. 1958 am¿®v28mw\p sI.-D-∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ tN¿∂ apkvenw eoKv \nb-a-k`m ]m¿ń cmPmPn a¥nk`bv°v \ncp-]m-[nI ]n¥pW \¬Im≥Xocp-am-\n-®p.''

Cu ]n¥pW ]Xyp-]-Imcw ]Xo-£n®p sImt≠m `cW ]¶m-fnØw BK-ln®p sImt≠m Bbn-cp-∂n-√. tIm¨K- n-t\m-Sp≈ XmXzn-Ihpw ]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb FXn¿∏p-Iƒ apkvenw eoKv XpS¿∂v sImt≠-bn-cp-∂p. ÿm\-am-\-ßƒ Xcm-sa-∂p≈ Hm^¿ eoKv \µn-]q¿∆w \nc-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

cm„\∑sb ap≥\n¿Øn apkvenw eoKv \n¿∆-ln® Hcp _en-Zm-\-am-bn-cp∂p B Xocp-am-\-sa∂v ]ecpw A∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®p.

c≠v amkw Ign™v \S∂ cmPy-k`m sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ aZn-cmin\nb-a-k`m afi-e-Øn¬ a’-cn-® JmC-sZ- an-√Øv apl-ΩZv Ckva-Cu¬kmln-_n∂v tIm¨Kkv Fw.-F¬.F.am¿ thm´p sNbvXn-√. (apkvenweoKv AXv Bh-iy-s∏-´-Xp-an-√) F∂n´pw kzX-¥-cpsS ]n¥p-W-tbmsSCkvam-Cu¬ kmln_v hnP-bn-®p. At∏mgpw tIm¨K v a¥nk`bv°vD∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ apkvenw eoKv ]n¥pW XpS-cp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp P\-Iob Kh¿sa‚ns\ c£n-°m≥ apkvenw eoKv sNbvXXymKw 1970˛se cm„]Xn sXsc-s™-Sp-∏nepw apkvenw eoKv ImWn®p.HutZym-KnI ÿm\m¿∞n \oew kRvPoh sdÕn-bmbncp∂n´pw Cµn-cm-Km-‘n-bpsS ÿm\m¿∞n hn.hn Kncn-°m-bn-cp∂p eoKns‚ thm´v. C¥y-bn¬ cm„ob [pho-I-c-W-ap-≠m-°nb sXc-s™-Sp-∏m-bn-cp∂p AXv.apkvenw eoKns‚ thm´p-Iƒ°v th≠n kRvPoh sdÕn ]e Xh-WJmCsZ an√-Øns\ -k-ao-]n-®n-cp-∂p. hn.-hn.-Kncn Hcn-°¬ t]mepwI≠ncp∂pan√. Kncnsbt]mepw A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v JmCsZ an√-Øns‚ I-ev]\ h∂p. Kncn°v thm´p sNøm≥ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚

\nb-a-k-`-bn¬ eoKns‚ ]h¿Ø\w Inbm-fl-I-sa∂v FXn-cm-fn-Iƒt]mepw hne-bn-cp-Øn. ae-_m-dnse bYm¿∞ ]mXn-\n[yw hln-°p-∂Xv eoKm-sW∂v amXr-`qan Xpd-s∂-gp-Xn. apkvenw t]gv-k-W¬ tem]q¿Æ-ambn kwÿm-\Øv \S-∏m-°-W-sa∂ eoKv saº-dpsS ]tabwKh¿sa‚ v HutZym-Kn-I _n√mbn A-h-X-cn-∏n®v ]m m-°n. XpS¿∂v h∂ap≥kn-∏¬ sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ Nne tIm¨K- p-Im¿ FXn¿Øn´pw eoKp-ambn Iq´p-tN-cm≥ tIm¨K v t\XrXzw k∂-≤-am-bn. Ima-cmP \mSm-cpsS sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ eoKns‚ ]n¥pW t\Sm≥ tIm¨K- v apt∂m-´p-h-∂p. BZysØ s]mXp sXsc-s™-Sp-∏ns\ XpS¿∂v aZn-cm-in-bn¬Hcp P\m-[n-]Xy Kh¿sa‚p-≠m-bXv eoKns‚ ]n¥pW sIm≠v amX-am-bn-cp∂p F∂Xv NcnX kw`-h-am-Wv. a¥n ÿm\-ßfm-bn-cp-∂n-√, P\m-[n-]-Xyhpw cm„ `Z-X-bp-amWv eoKv IW-°n-se-Sp-Ø-sX∂v Ncn-X-Ønse X¶-Ømfpw.

Ncn-X-Ønse Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-amb Cu GSp-Isf kzX-kn-≤-ambssien-bn¬ Fs‚ kplrØpw Ncn-X-Im-c-\p-amb Fw.kn hS-Ic]I¿Øn sh®Xv D≤-cn-°-s´:

""B‘bpw ae-_mdpw sX°≥ I¿Wm-S-I-hp-a-S-ßp∂ ]gb hnimeaZn-cmin kwÿm\w A∂v Z£n-tW-¥y-bpsS ap∂n¬ c≠p-`mKw Dƒs∏-ń-cp∂ Hcp h≥ ]hn-iy-bm-bn-cp-∂p. C¥y-bnse G‰hpw henb cm„obaoamw-k-I\pw C¥y-bnse BZysØ Kh¿Æ¿ P\-d-ep-am-bn-cp∂ kn.cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Hcp a¥n k` cq]o-I-cn-°m-\mWvtIm¨Kkv Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv. ]s£ \nb-a-k- -bn¬ tIm¨K-kn\v tIhe`qcn-]-£-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. 375 AwK-ß-fp≈ \nb-a-k-`-bn¬ tIm¨K-kn\v 152 t]¿ amXw. 59 Fw.-F¬.F am¿°p≈ IΩyq-WnÃv ]m¿ń a‰p]Xn-]£ I£n-Isf Iq´p-]n-Sn®v Hcp _Z¬ Kh¿sa‚ v D≠m-°m≥Xoh iaw Bcw-`n-®p. kXy-aq¿Øo hs‚ \Sp-Ø-f-Øn¬ cmPy-Øns‚XeaqØ cm„-X-¥-⁄≥ `qcn-]-£-Øn-\p≈ am¿§-ß-fm-cm™psIm≠v Xs‚ tSUv am¿°mb ]pI-°-Æ-Sbpw [cn®v hnb¿sØm-en-°p∂ NnXw ]X-ß-fn¬ A®-Sn®p h∂p.(-kXyaq¿Øo `h≥ Xan-gv\mSvtIm¨K- ns‚ Bÿm-\w) adp-h-iØv kJmhv ]n.-cm-a-aq¿Øn-bpsSt\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ IΩyq-WnÃv Kh¿sa‚ v cq]o-I-cn-°m-\p≈ ]c°w ]m®n-en-\nS-bn¬ IΩyq-WnÃv t\Xm-°-∑m¿ Hmtcm apkvenw eoKvImc-s‚bpwtImWn-∏-Sn-Iƒ Ibdn h∂v ]n¥p-W-°mbn A`y¿∞n-®p. ISpØtIm¨Kkv hntcm[w sImSpºn-cn-s°m-≈p∂ Ime-am-bn-cp∂p AsX-¶nepw IΩy-Wn-Ãp-Im¿°v ]n¥pW sImSp-°m≥ apkvenw eoKv Xøm-dm-bn-√. IΩyqWnÃpIm-cpsS aX-hn-cp≤ XXz-imkvXw amX-am-bn-cp-∂n√AXn∂p Imc-Ww. P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ apJm-h-c-Ww H´p-an-√mØ HcpI£n-bm-bn-cp∂p A∂sØ IΩyq-WnÃv ]m¿ń. Aev]-kzev]w P\m-[n-

41


40


XymtKmPze NcnXw

hn`-P-\sØ XpS¿∂p-≠mb hnj-am-h-ÿbpw apkvenw eoKns‚`mhnsb∏‰n Db¿∂p s]mßnb tImem-l-e-ßfpw kap-Zm-b-sØ- t\cná‰p k¶o¿Æ-]-iv\-ßfpw Xs‚ A\nXckm-[m-c-W-amb [oc-XbpwcmPy-X-¥-⁄-Xbpw sIm≠v koXn kmln-_n∂v XcWw sNøm-\m-b-Xn¬ D∏n-km-ln_v al-Ømb Hcp ]¶mWv hln-®-Xv. 1952 ¬ \S∂sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ ae-_m-dn¬ apkvenw eoKns‚ HutZym-KnIÿm\m¿∞n-I-fn¬ A©p-t]¿ hcn® hnP-b-Øn¬ koXn kmln-_n-s‚bpw D∏nkmln-_n-s‚bpw hnP-b-amWv Ncn-X-kw-`-h-am-b-Xv. apkvenw eoKns‚]h¿Ø-\-tØbpw kam-[m\w \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\v AXv \¬Inb kw`m-h-\-I-tfbpw \njv]-£-_p≤ym hne-bn-cp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ D∏n˛ko-Xn-am¿]iw-k°v ]mXo`qX-cm-bn.

IΩyq-WnÃv ]m¿ń aZn-cm-in-bnse P\m-[n-]-XysØ A]-I-S-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ apXn¿∂-t∏mƒ apkvenw eoKv t\Xm-°-fmb D∏n-km-ln_pw koXnkmln-_p-amWv kwÿm-\sØ B hn]-Øn¬ \n∂pw c£n®sX∂vkoXn kmln_v kvamcI KŸ-Øn¬ tUm. kn.Fw Ipń-km-ln_v hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu Imcyw aZn-cmin apJy-a-¥n-bm-bn-cp∂ io. kn.-cm-P-tKm-]m-em-Nmcn IrX-⁄Xm ]q¿∆w kvacn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \nb-a-k`mkmam-Pn-IXzw kz]v\w I≠n-cp∂ ]ecpw eoKn¬ \n∂v sX‰n-t∏mbkµ¿`-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. Ah-cpsS I¨sh≥j≥ ]l-k-\-ßfpw Ig-ºn-√mØ ]kvXm-h-\-Ifpw apkvenw _lp-P-\-ßsf hgn-]n-g-∏n-°m-Xn-cp-∂Xv D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚bpw koXn kmln-_n-s‚bpw t\Xr-Xz-am-bn-cp-

XXzm[njvTnX \bw JmCsZ an√Øv C-hnsS XpS-cp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. "Hm¿a-Iƒ ]qØp \n¬°p∂ Zn\w'-F∂ teJ-\-Øn¬ Fw.kn XpS¿s∂-gp-Xp-∂p. "" Kncn C¥y-bpsS ]ptcm-K-a\ atX-X-Xc P\m-[n-]Xy k¶-ev]-ßsf]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ kRvPoh sdÕn-bpsS ]n∂n-ep-≈Xv ]n¥n-cn-∏≥i‡n-Ifpw ]Xn-tema I£n-I-fp-am-bn-cp∂p F∂v apkvenw eoKn∂v t_m[y-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXmWv Kncn°v thm´p sNøm≥ eoKv Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv.''

aZn-cmin apJy-a-¥n-bm-bn-cp∂ kn.cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nmcn D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ k¥X kl-Nm-cn-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂p ]d-™m¬ sX‰n-√. aZn-cm-in-bn¬ tIm¨K v `c-W-Øns‚ `mhn Xpem-kn¬ BSn-s°m-≠n-cp∂Hcp Zimk‘n-bn¬ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ ap…nw eoKvI£n-bmWv Ah-k-tcmNn-X-ambn CS-s]-´-Xv. \ymb-hm-Znbpw \oXn-\ymbX¬]-c\pw hnZym-`ymk ]Nm-c-I\pw _lp-P\ _‘p-hp-amWv cmPmPnF∂v D∏n kmln_v ]d-bpam-bn-cp-∂p. apJw t\m°msX Imcyw Xpd∂p]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ cmPm-Pn-°p≈ Iqk-en-√m-bva-bmWv D∏n-km-ln-_n∂vG‰hpw C„-s∏´ cm„o-b-°m-c-\mbn cmPmPn amdm-\p≈ Imc-Ww. aZn-cmin kwÿm-\sØ IΩyq-WnÃv hn]-Øn¬ \n∂pw c£n-°m\pw Dd®`c-W-IqSw ÿm]n-X-am-hm\pw cmPm-Pn°v eoKv ]n¥pW \¬In. I∂n-]-kwK thZn-bn¬ Xs∂ ""Xs‚ H∂mw \º¿ iXp-°ƒ'' F∂v IΩyq-WnÃvImsc cmPmPn hnti-jn-∏n-®-tXmsS D∏n kmln-_n-∂p-≠mbkt¥mjw Nn√-d-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√.

aZn-cmin apJy-a¥n F∂ \ne-bn¬ cmPmPn c≠p XhW `cWw\S-Øn-b-t∏mgpw D∏n kmln_v At±-lsØ \mń-te°v sIm≠p h∂n-´p-≠v. km[m-c-W-°m-cs‚ Xmev]-cy-ßƒ kwc-£n-°m\pw Ah-cpsS \nesa®-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw cmPmPn sNbvX \√ Imcy-ßƒ D∏n kmln_v Nq≠n-°m-´pI ]Xn-hm-Wv. B‘-]-tZ-in¬ £maw _m[n-®-t∏mƒ ]d-s∂-Øn-bXpw aZn-cmin kwÿm-\sØ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬ ]ms™Øn I„-s∏-Sp∂hsc t\cn¬ I≠Xpw CXn\v DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.

`£y-hne \nb-¥-Ww, ]mY-anI hnZym-`ymk ]≤Xn ae-_m¿ IpSn-bmbva \nb-aw, EW-_m-[yXm-_n¬ XpS-ßnb Imcy-ß-fn¬ cmPmPn D∏nkmln-_ns‚ A`n-]m-b-ßƒ Bcm-bpI ]Xn-hm-Wv.

C¥y≥ \mj-W¬ tIm¨K- ns‚ \n -l-I-cW ]t£m- -tØm-sS-bm-bn-cp∂pht√m cmPm-Pnbpw Km‘nPnbpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w. cmPm-Pn°vtOm´m-Km‘n'' F∂ t]¿ hcm≥ IqSn Imc-W-ambn. cmPmPn Xs‚ ]pXnsbKm‘n-Pn-bpsS ]pX\v hnhmlw sNbvXp sImSp-°p-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn.

***** ***** *****

43


42


cm„obw Dt]-£n-°-W-sa∂ Bhiyw A∂v Nne¿ D∂-bn-®p-h-sX.kzmX¥y eœn-°p-ti-j-ap≈ IcmfòI-c-amb Ime-L-´sØ adn-I-S-°m-\p≈ adpacp-∂mbn Nne¿ Is≠-Ønb \ymbhmZ-ßƒ°v Ah¿\¬Inb adp-]Sn C]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p.

""C…m-ans‚ Ncn-X-Øn¬ Cß-s\-bp≈ ]co-£-W-L-´-ßƒ ]ucm-WnI Imew apX¬s° D≠m-bn -´p -≠v . A∂v Imep -d®p\v¬°mØh¿s°m∂pw ]n∂oSv \ne-\n¬°m≥ Ign-™n-ń-√. AXp-sIm≠v apkvenw eoKpw Nµn-Ibpw cm„obw Dt]-£n-°pI F∂ ]iv\-ta C√''

F∂pw apkvenw eoKns‚ \b-tØbpw ]mXn-\n[yhmZ-tØbpwFXn¿Øp sIm≠n-cp∂ kpZ¿i\w ]Xm-[n-]¿ ]n.-hn.sI s\Sp-ßmSn]d-™Xv D∏n-km-ln-_p-ambpw koXn-km-ln-_p-ambpw kwkm-cn-°m≥Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-b-t∏m-sgms° Ah-cpsS i‡nbp‡-amb adp-]-Sn-bpsSapºn¬ X\n°v DØcw apń-t∏mbn F∂m-bn-cp-∂p.

apkvenw eoKns\ Hcp hn[-Ønepw P\m-[n-]Xy hncp≤ ]mf-b-Øn-te°v t]mImsX XS™p \n¿Øn-b-Xn¬ koXn kmln-_n-s‚bpwD∏nkmln-_n-s‚bpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn\pw \nb-¥-W-Øn\pw henb ]¶p-≠m-b-Xmbn ]n.-hn.sI s\Sp-ßmSn Hcp teJ-\-Øn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p.

""1952˛¬ aZn-cmin Akw-ªn-bnepw 1957˛¬ tIcf Akw-ªn-bnepwapkvenw eoKv I£n AwKo-I-cn® \ne-]m-Sns\ C∂m-ńse F√m P\m-[-]Xy hmZn-Ifpw A`n-\-µn-®n-´p-≠v. cmPmPn a¥nk` aZn-cmin Akw-ªn-bn¬ hnizmk thmń-∂p≈ ]tabw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-t∏mƒ A∂v P\m-[n-]Xy I£n-bmb tkmjy-enÃv ]m¿ńbpw ae-_m-dnse ]n.-F-kv.]nsaº¿amcpw (A∂v Inkm≥ akvZq¿ ]Pm ]m¿ń) IΩyq-Wnkv‰v s]mXpap∂-Wn-tbmSv tbmPn®v Kh¿sa‚n-s\-Xn-cmbn thm´p sNbvXp. apkvenweoKn∂v A©p saº¿amcmWv Akw-ªn-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. IΩyq-WnÃvsFIy-ap-∂-Wn-bpsS Bt£-]hpw ]cn-lm-khpw Iq´m-°msX cmPmPna¥n k`-bn¬ hnizmkw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv eoKv I£n sNbvX-Xv.bYm¿∞-Øn¬ tIm¨K v F∂pw apkvenw eoKns\ h¿§ob I£n-bmbn X≈n-bn-cn-°-bm-bn-cp-∂p. IΩyq-WnÃv sFIy-ap-∂-Wn-bm-hsápkvenw eoKns\ ]tXyIw £Wn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. F∂n´pwapkvenw eoKv hyXn-N-en-®n-√.'' (]n.-hn.sI s\Sp-ßmSn ˛ koXn kmln_vkvamcI KŸw (1961) sshcp-≤y-ap≈ A`n-]m-b-ßƒ sh®p ]pe¿Øp∂Xs‚ ]Xn-tbm-Kn-I-fpsS apºnepw ]hn-X-amb kvt\l _‘w apdn-th¬°msX ImØp-c-£n-°m≥ Akmam\y ssh -h-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ henba\p-jys\ \mw CXn-eqsS ImWp-∂p. ]c-kv]cw t]mc-Sn-®n-cp∂ ae-_m-dnse kp∂n-I-fp-sSbpw apPm-ln-Zp-I-fp-sSbpw a≤y-Øn¬ kwL-S-\sb

∂p. ]mh-s∏´ apkvenw sXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw Irjn-°mcpw apkvenw eoKn-t\m-sSm∏w \n∂Xv Ch-cpsS BXam¿∞-X-bpsS ê-am-bn-cp-∂p.

eoKv ÿm\m¿∞n-Iƒ°v thm´p \¬Ip-∂-hsc ]m°n-ÿm-\n-te°v\mSp-I-S-Øp-sa-∂p-hsc òj-Wn-bp-b-cp-Ibpw ]tIm-]-\-ßƒ kr„n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ F√m hnj-a-L- -ß-sfbpw AXn-Po-hn®p sIm≠p≈apkvenw eoKns‚ hf¿®bv°v D∏n kmln-_n-s‚bpw koXn kmln-_n-s‚bpw AN-©-e-amb hnizm-khpw Akm-am-\y-amb Zo¿L-Zr-„n-bp-amWvam¿§ Z¿i\w \¬In-b-Xv.

`n∂m -`n - ]m -b -ß-fpsS G‰p -ap -´ -en¬ \n∂pw Df -hm -Ip∂AKv\nkv^penw-K-ßƒ Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw ]p©n-cn-bn¬ am™p t]mIp-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. k`-bpsS ]cn-K-W-\°p hcp∂ k¶o¿Æ-ß-fmb ]iv\-ßsf KmV-ambn ]Tn®v A]-K-Yn-®-h-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ D∏n-km-ln-_n-s‚bpwkoXn kmln-_n-s‚bpw Ignhv A\\y km[m-cWambn-cp-∂p. A`n-]m-b-ßfpw n∂m-`n-]m-b-ßfpw hmZtImem-l-eßfpw sIm≠v £p`n-X-amb\nb-a-k`m Xe-Øn¬ Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw ]kw-K-ßƒ im¥-am-bmWv i≤n-bv°-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv. cq£-amb `mjtbm ]Xn-]£ _lp-am-\-cm-ln-Xytam]kw-K-ßsf Hcn-°epw Xcw XmgvØn-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]Xn-tbm-Kn-bpsS hmZapJ-ßsf bp‡n-bp-sSbpw \ymb-Øn-s‚bpw _ew sIm≠v ]n®n-®o¥nAh-bpsS _e-lo-\-Xsb Xpd-∂p-Im-´m≥ Ah¿ D]-tbm-Kn® Af∂papdn® ań-ep≈ sIm®p sIm®p hmN-I-ßƒ XnI®pw ]cym-]vX-am-bn-cp-∂p.

hy‡n Xm¬]-cy-ß-fp-sSbpw kzm¿∞ t\´-ß-fp-sSbpw apºn¬BZ¿i-ßsf ASn-b-d-sh-°p-hm≥ P∑n-bmb D∏n-km-ln_pw A`n-`m-j-I-\mb koXn kmln_pw Xøm-dm-hm-Xn-cp-∂Xn-\m¬ Ccp-h¿°pw t\cn´\„w Nn√-d-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√. apkvenw eoKns\ hmtXm-cmsX hna¿in-®n-cp∂cm„ob ]Xn-tbm-Kn-Iƒ t]mepw Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw cm„-X-¥-⁄-X-tbbpwtZim-`n-am-\-tØbpw tNmZyw sNøm-\m-hmsX Ipgßn

aX]camb hnj-b-ßsf∏‰n ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ ae-bm-f-Øn-ep≈ amkn-I-Ifpw KŸ-ßfpw D∏n-km-ln_pw koXn-km-ln_pw ki≤w hmbn-°p-Ibpw Ah-bn¬ ImWp∂ kwi-b-ßsf°pdn®p ]c-kv]cw N¿®\S-Øp-Ibpw sNøm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ad_n ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ]kn≤wsNbvXn-cp∂ A¬ Ckvemw, A¬ C¿jm-Zv, A¬ ap¿jn-Zv, A¬Ckvemlv F∂o amkn-I-Ifpw Ioanbm kBZ t]m-ep≈ hnin„ KŸ-ßfpw Ch¿ bmXmthf-I-fn¬ IqsS sIm≠p \S-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Hcn-°¬ NµnI ]Xm-[n] kanXn AwK-ßƒ `mhn \bw cq]o-I-cn-t°≠ Bh-iy-I-X-bp-ambn koXn kmln-_n-s\bpw D∏n-km-ln-_n-s\bpwkao-]n® Imcyw hmbn-®-tXm¿°p-∂p. apkvenw eoKpw Nµn-Ibpw

45


44


am-bn-cp-∂p. B tbmK-Øn¬ Rßƒ h∂p tNcp-∂-Xns\ XS-bm≥ òj-Wn-I-fp-b¿∂p. FXn¿ ]Nm-c-th-e-Iƒ i‡n-bmb \ne-bn¬ Bcw-`n-°-s∏-´p. F¥p thW-sa-∂p≈ Nn¥m-Ip-g∏w ]e-tcbpw _m[n-®-Xp-t]msetXm∂n. ]s£ koXn kmln-_ns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Aßs\Hcp Nn¥ At±-l-Øns‚ lrZ-bsØ kv]¿in-°pI t]mepw sNbvXn-cp-∂n-√. Rß-sf-√m-hcpw Hcp henb t_®m-bn h∂p. P: -D∏n kmln-_ns‚A≤y-£-X-bn¬ B almktΩ-f\w \S-∂p. F√m-hcpw ]kw-Kn-®p. FXn-cm-fn-I-sf-s°m≠v H∂pw km[y-am-bn-√. eoKp tbmK-ß-fn¬ cm„o-b-ambFXn-c-`n-]m-b-°m¿ h∂p ]kw-Kn-°m≥ A\p-hmZw tNmZn-°epw ]£p-–-amb A¥-co£w D≠m-°n ]kw-Kn-°epw A°m-eØv km[m-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. B G¿∏m-Sns‚ D¬Lm-S-\hpw Xe-t»cn Su¨lm-fn¬ tN¿∂Hcp eoKv tbmK-Øn¬ sh®mWv \S-∂-Xv. FXn-c-`n-]m-b-°m-cpsS hmZ-ßsf ka¿∞-ambn Jfin-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ t\Xr-Xzhpw A∂v \¬In-bn-cp-∂p. _l-f-ap-≠m°n ]n¥ncn-∏n-°p-hm≥ ]Xn-tbm-Kn-I-fm¬ \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ GXp ia-tØbpw At£m-`y-ambn t\cn´p ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xnepw koXn kmln_v Rßƒ°v t\XrXzw \¬Inbncp∂p.

(sI.-sI.-ap-l-ΩZv jm^n, koXn kmln-_v kvamc-I-KŸw)

koXn kmln-_p-am-bp≈ _‘w ae-_m-dn-s\m-´msI Hcp alm mKy-ambn 1920 apX¬ A\p-`-h-s∏-´-Xmbn D∏n kmln-_ns‚ k¥-X-k-l-Nm-cn-bm-bn-cp∂ H. amln-\en kmln_pw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

""]finX hcy-\mb h°w A–p¬ JmZ¿ aue-hn, Fw apl-ΩZvIp™paue-hn, apl-ΩZv A–p-d-ln-am≥ kmln-_v, kn.]n sslZkvkmln-_v, F.sI ]n≈ F∂n-h-cm¬ \S-Ø-s∏-ń-cp∂ "A¬ Ckvemw,apkvenw Jnem-^Øv ]XnI ""ae-_m¿ Ckvemw'' kzcmPv, A¬ Aao≥apX-emb amknI hrØm¥ ]X-ßfmWv sIm®n ioa-°m-c-\mb koXnkmln-_ns\ ae-_m-dp-Im¿°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. A°m-eØv Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ apkvenw bph-P\ kwLw F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp kwL-S\ \√\ne-bn¬ ]h¿Øn®p t]m∂n-cp∂p'' (H.-am-b-\-en)

apkvenw bph-P-\-kw-L-hp-ambpw A≥hm-dp¬ Ckvemw k -bp-ambpwD∏n-km-ln-_n-∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂ _‘w Bephm tImtf-Pn\p th≠nbp≈[\m-`y¿∞-\-bp-ambn koXn-km-ln_v Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ h∂-t∏mƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

koXn kmln_pw D∏n-km-ln_pw XΩn-ep≈ kvt\l _‘-sØ-°p-dn®v Fw.-sI.-F∂ XqenIm \ma-Øn¬ kn.-F®v Fgp-Xnb ""Dcp-f-°p-t∏cn'' ChnsS ]I¿Ø-s´.

""koXn kmln-_n-s‚bpw D∏n-km-ln-_n-s‚bpw Hcp s]mXp kvt\ln-X≥ D∏n kmln-_n-t\mSv Nne AXn¿ Ihn™ kzmX-¥y-ß-sfms°

De-®n¬ IqSmsX sIm≠p \S∂ \b-]-c-amb Ignhpw kln-jvWpXm]q¿∆-amb kao-]\coXnbpw \ap°v Is≠-Øm-\m-hp-∂p. Ah-cpsSAh¿Æ-\o-b-amb XymK-Øns‚ NnXhpw CXn¬ sXfn™p ImWm-\m-hp-∂p. _ncp-Z-[m-cn-bmb DSs\ DtZym-K-Øn¬ Ib-dn-∏-‰msX a‰p-≈-hscDtZym-K-Øn-te°v Ib-‰n-hn´ koXn kmln-_ns‚ iahpw P\-ßsf P∑n-bm-°m≥ C„-s∏-SmsX IpSn-bm-∑m-cpsS ]iv\-ßƒ°v ap≥Xq°w\¬Inb D∏n-km-ln_pw tkh-\-Øns‚ afi-e-Øn¬ ]S¿∂p ]¥-en® hy‡n Pohn-X-Øns‚ DS-a-I-fm-bn-cp∂p sh∂-Xn\v thsd sXfn-hp-Iƒ Bh-iy-an-√-t√m.

Rm≥ tImtfPv hnZym¿∞n-bm-bn-cp∂ ImeØv Fs‚ \m´p-Im-c\pwGdWm-Ip-fØv sImfwt_m tlm´-ens‚ \S-Øn∏pIm-c-\p-am-bn-cp∂aoØse A_q-ńsb ImWm≥ GdWm-Ip-fØv t]mhm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.Hcn-°¬ At±lw Im\≥sjUv tdmUn¬ koXn-km-ln-_ns‚ ]gb_w•mhv ÿnXn-sNbvX ÿew ImWn-®p-X-∂p. kmam\yw hnim-e-ambB hf-∏nse _w•m-hn¬ Hcp ImeØv Xe-t»-cn-°m-cpsS ]hm-l-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v s]cn-ßm-Sn-bnse ]g-b-Ime eoKv ]h¿Ø-I≥ hni-Zo-I-cn®p X∂Xv Hm¿Ω-bp-≠v. GdWm-Ipfw Pufn sXcp-hn¬ Hcp amfnIsIń-S-Øn-ep≈ ap\-∆n-dp¬ Ckvemw kamPw hI hmb-\-im-e-bnepwKŸm-e-b-Ønepw D∏n-km-ln_v ap∏-Xp-I-fn¬ FØm-dp-s≠∂v At±lw]d-™-tXm¿°p-∂p. ""sFIyw'' ] v]h¿Øn-®n-cp-∂Xpw Ahn-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p-h-sX. AhnsS tImgn-t°m´v \n∂p ]pd-s∏´ anX-hm-Znbpw sI.Aø-∏s‚ ktlm-Z-c-\pw (sIm®n) aq¿t°mØv Ipam-cs‚ ""KP-tI-k-cnbpw''(X-e-t»-cn) D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw imkvXw, kmln-Xyw, hnZym-`ymkw F∂o hnj-b-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ KŸ-ßƒ koXn kmln_v D∏n-km-ln-_n∂v ssIam-dm-dp-s≠∂pw ]g-a-°m¿ ]d™p tI´-Xmbn ]ecpwAb-hn-d-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. apkvenw aPvenkv cm„ob kwL-S-\bpw sFIy-kwLw kmaq-Zm-bnI˛ kwL-S-\bpw Bbn-cp∂ Imew apX¬s° A£-c-hn-π-h-Øn\v D∏n-km-ln_pw koXn kmln_pw \¬Inb ]m[m\ywCXn¬ \n∂v Duln-°m-hp-∂-sX-bp-≈q.

1937˛¬ ^dq-°n¬ Hcp apkvenw eoKv ktΩ-f\w \S-Øm≥ koXnkmln-_ns‚ \n¿_-‘-]-Imcw Hcp iaw \S-∂Xv Nµn-I-bpsS BZy]Xm-[n-]¿ sI.-sI.-ap-l-ΩZv jm^n hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. koXn kmln_vkvamcI KŸ-Øn¬ CXp kw_-‘n®v jm^n kmln_v Fgp-Xnb teJ-\-Øn¬ Cßs\ ]dbp-∂p.

""hfsc ]mcw`L´-Øn¬ ^dq-Jn¬ apkvenw eoKns‚ Hcp almktΩ-f\w tNcp-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. G¿∏m-Sp-I-sfms° \S-∂p-sIm-≠p-an-cp∂p. koXn kmln_pw kØm¿ tk´p kmln_pw Rm\pw D∏nkmln_pw a‰p Nnecpw AXn¬ ]¶p tNtc-≠Xpw ]kw-Kn-t°-≠-Xp-

47


46


e£yhpw kz]v\-ßfpw

]ptcm-K-a\ P\m-[n-]-Xy˛ atX-Xc k¶-ev]-ßƒ sh®p ]pe¿ØnbHcp cm„ob ]ÿm-\-Øn\v ]oUnX ]nt∂m° P\-hn-`m-KsØ apJy-[mcm kaq-l-tØm-sSm∏w Db¿Øn-s°m≠phcm-\m-hp-sa∂v sXfn-bn-®-h-cn¬ tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln_v hln® ]¶v Ncn-X-Ønse X¶-Øm-fmbnamdp-∂p. P∑n-Xz-Øn-s\-Xnsc k‘n-bn-√msX t]mcm-Snb \nkzm¿∞ cm„o-b-Øns‚ Cu DSa t]cp-sIm≠p amXw tIk-cn-am-cm-b-h-cpsS NXp-cw-K-°-fn-bm-bn-cp-∂n√ \S-Øn-b-Xv. AXn-a-l-Ømb Hcp e£yhpw AXn-a-t\m-l-c-ß-fmb Iptd kz]v\-ßfpw F√m ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°p ]n∂nepwD≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

1952˛¬ \S∂ H∂mw s]mXp sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ NcnXw kr„n®apkvenw eoKns‚ \nb-a-k`m t\Xm-hmb D∏n-km-ln_v Ncn-X-Øn¬ \nd-∏-In-´p≈ A≤ym-b-ßƒ Fgp-Xn-t®¿Øp. A∂v B sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬]s¶-SpØ ]e ]m¿ń-Ifpw C∂v A]-Xy-£-am-bn. Nne-Xn-s‚ cq]hpw`mhhpw amdn. IΩyq-WnÃv ]m¿ńbpw NnX-dn. tIm¨K pw ]nf¿∂p.F∂m¬ sXsc-s™-Sp∏v ASp-Ømepw Cs√-¶nepw apkvenw eoKns‚]n¥p-W°v C∂pw \√ hne-bp-≠v.

Cu \nebpw hnebpw eoKn∂v D≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-ØXv D∏n kmln-_ns\t]m-ep≈ t\Xm-°-fm-Wv. cmPmPn Hcp a¥n k` D≠m-°m-\mWveoKp-ambn tNcm≥ Xøm-dm-b-sX∂v hmZn-t®-°mw. ]s£ Hcn-°epw a¥n-ÿm-\tam A[n-Im-ctam sImXn-°m-Xn-cp∂ F.-hn.-Ip-ń-am-fp-AΩ 1954seXt±i kzbw-`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-fn-te-°p≈ sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ F.-sF.-kn.-kn-.bpsS FXn¿∏p-t]mepw hI-sh-°msX eoKp-ambn kl-I-cn-°m≥Xøm-dm-bXv D∏n-km-ln-_ns\ t]mep≈ t\Xm-°-fpsS Bflm¿∞-Xbpw\njvI-f-¶-Xbpw a\- n-em-°n-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. k¿t∆m-Zb t\Xm-

D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw ck-Øn\v D∏n-km-ln-_ns\ ""D∏n''-F-∂mWv Nne-t∏mƒ hnfn-°p-I. D∏n kmln-_n\v AXn¬ hnΩn„ap≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Hcn-°¬ ]kvXpX s]mXp kvt\ln-X≥ koXn kmln-_ns‚km∂n-≤y-Øn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ km∂n-≤y-sØ-°p-dn-®-dn-bmsX "F¥vD∏n h¿Ø-am\w' Ft∂m at‰m tNmZn-®p.

DSs\ koXn kmln_v CS-s]-´p-sIm≠p ]d-™p. ""At∏mƒ.......-km-ln-_v. \nßƒ \nß-fpsS _m∏-tbbpw t]¿ sNm√n-bmtWm hnfn-°mdv?

B hmN-I-Øn¬ ên-Xhpw imk-\bpw F√m Dƒs°m-≠n-cp-∂p.B s]mXp kvt\ln-X≥ ]ns∂ Hcn-°epw X∂n¬ Ffn-b-hsc t]mepwt\c-tºm-°n-\m-sW-¶nepw t]¿ hnfn®n´p≠mIpsa∂p tXm∂p-∂n-√.''

***** ***** *****

49


48


hni-a-an-√mØ ]h¿Ø\w

ae-∏pdw apkvenw \ntbm-PI afi-e-Øn¬ lmPn sImb-∏sØmSnAl-ΩZv Ipń kmln-_ns‚ \ncym-W-sØ-Øp-S¿∂v D≠mb Hgn-hn-te°v1950 ¬ \S∂ sXsc-s™-Sp∏v thf-bn-emWv D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ hni-a-an-√mØ ]h¿Ø-\hpw \b-X-¥-⁄-Xbpw ]I-S-am-b-Xv. apkvenw eoKvÿm\m¿∞n-bmbn a’-cn-® Fw.-]n.Fw A ≥Ipń Ipcn-°sf hnPbn∏n-°m≥ At±lw Ckvam-Cu¬ kmln-_n-t\m-sSm∏w \S-Ønb ]cy-S\wkwL-S-\sb i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw D]-I-cn-®p.

1950 HtŒm-_-dn-em-bn-cp∂p D∏n-km-ln-_n-s‚bpw Ckvam-Cu¬ kmln-_n-s‚bpw ]cy-S-\w. _n.-t]m-°¿ kmln_pw dkm-Jm\pw IqsS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Fw.-F¬.-kn.-bmb D∏n-km-ln_v Gd-\m-Sv-˛-h-≈p-h\mSv Xmeq-°p-Isf Cf-°n-a-dn®p. ^dq-°v,- sIm-t≠m-ń,- a-e-∏p-dw,- a-t©-cn,- A-co-t°m-Sv,- h≠q¿,- tIm-´-°¬, ]´m-ºn,- H-‰-∏m-ew,- s]-cn-¥¬aÆ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ \S∂ hºn® s]mXp-tbm-K-ß-fn¬ D∏n-km-ln_v sNbvX ]kwKwG‰hpw BI¿jn-®Xv I¿j-I-sØm-gn-em-fn-I-sf-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ A ≥Ipń Ipcn-°ƒ _lp-`q-cn-]-£-tØmsShnP-bn-®p. CXv kw_-‘n®v 1950 HtŒm-_¿, -\-hw-_¿ amk-ß-fnseNµnI BgvN-∏-Xn-∏ns‚ "ae-\m-ń¬' F∂ ]w‡n-bn¬ hni-Z -dn-t∏m¿´v]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

A ≥Ipń Ip-cn-°ƒ°v 7754 thm´v e`n-®-t∏mƒ tIm¨K vÿm\m¿∞n ]mem v Ip™n-t°m-b°v 214 thm´p-I-fmWv e`n-®-Xv. as‰mcptIm¨K v ÿm\m¿∞n C_m-ln-an\v 290 thm´pw e-`n-®p. tIm¨K vtbmPn-®mepw AhnsS c£-bn-s√∂v D∏n-km-ln-_mWv t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øn-

hm-bn-cp∂ tIf-∏-≥ apX¬ C¥y-bnse G‰hpw henb Km‘n-b-\mbbp.-F≥ t[_m¿ hsc eo-Kp-ambn kJy-Øn\v ap≥I-sø-Sp-°m-\p≈ Imc-Whpw as‰m-∂-√.

apkvenw eoKv C¥y-bpsS sFIy-Øn\pw ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw XS w\n¬°p-∂psh∂ hmZ-Øns‚ ap\-sbm-Sn-®Xv tIcf B`y-¥c hIp∏va¥n-bm-bn-cns° tIm¨K v t\Xmhv ]n.-Sn.-Nmt°m Xe-t»cn apkvenweoKv Hmô-kn¬ \¬Inb kzoI-c-W-Øn¬ D∏n kmln-_ns\ km£n\n¿ØnbmWv. eoKns‚ `c-W-L-S-\-bnse GXp hIp-∏n-emWv cm„]ptcm-K-Xn°v XS w F∂m-W-t±lw tNmZn-®-Xv. eoKns‚ Bh-iy-ß-fn¬ GXmWv cm„]ptcm-K-Xn°pw sFIyØn\pw hnLmXw F∂pwNmt°m tNmZn-®p.

Xe-t»cn ap_m-d°v sslkvIqƒ kµ¿in-°m≥ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚£Ww kzoI-cn-s®-Ønb kn.-cm-P-tKm-]m-em-Nmcn cm„ Xm¬]-cy-ßƒ°p-th≠n eoKv \ne-\n-∂-Xns‚ DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ FÆn-sbÆn ]d-™p-sIm-≠mWv Xe-t»cn hn´-Xv.

Hcp kwL-S-\sb h¿§o-b-ambn NnXo-I-cn-t°-≠Xv AXns‚ t]cvt\m°n-b-√, ]h¿Ø\w hne-bn-cp-Øn-s°m≠mhW-sa∂v amXta D∏n-km-ln_v ]d-bm-dp-≈q. "lnµp' \ne-hm-c-ap≈ Hcp Cw•ojv Zn\-∏-X-at√?AXns‚ t]¿ Hcp kaq-Zm-b-Øns‚Xmb-Xp-sIm≠v Bsc-¶nepw h¿§o-b-sa∂v hnfn-°p-∂pt≠m F∂m-bn-cp∂p D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ tNmZyw.

aZn-cmin tÃ‰ns‚ Nne `mK-ß-fn-ep-≠mb h¿§ob kwL-´\ßƒAh-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ D∏n-km-ln_v hln® ]¶ns\ Sn. ]Imipw ]iw-kn-®n- p-≠v. \yq\-]£ ]iv\-ßƒ A\p- mh ]q¿∆w ]cn-K-Wn-°-W-sa∂vaZn-cmin Kh¿Æ¿ B¿®n-_mƒUn-t\mSv D∏n-km-ln_v Bh-iy-s∏-´XpwA\p-`m-h-]q¿Æ-amb kao]\w kzoI-cn-°m-sa∂v Kh¿Æ¿ ]d-™XpwaZn-cmin ^b-ep-I-fn¬ ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Hcp ]tZ-isØ apkvenw-Isf Iq´-ambn Hcp kwL-S-\-bn¬ AWn-\n-c-Øp-∂-Xn\v B ]tZ-isØ cm„ob ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-s‚ ap≥\n-c-bn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-cpsS hy‡n-Xz-Øn\v IrXy-amb kzm[o\w sNep-Øm≥ Ign-bp-sa∂ hnizm-k-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂p D∏n-km-ln-_v. BZy-Imeapkvenw-I-fpsS amXrI Ckvem-ans‚ ]N-c-W-Øn\v klm-bn-®Xp t]mset\Xr-\n-c-bpsS hnip≤ amXrI cm„ob ]N-c-W-sØbpw e-]-Z-ambnklm-bn-®-Xmbn D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ Imew sXfn-bn-®p. Id-I-f™ BZ¿ihnip-≤n-bp≈ Cu t\XrXzw eoKns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ssZh-Z-Ø-amb Hc-\p-K-l-am-bn-cp-∂p. tZiob Xew sXm´v Kma-ß-fn¬ hsc AXm-

bn-cp∂p eoKns‚ G‰hpw henb ssIap-X¬.

***** ***** *****

51


50


Hm¿Ω-I-fnse almktΩ-f-\-ßƒ

A≥]-Xp-I-fpsS Ah-km-\-Øn¬ \S∂ c≠p alm-k-tΩ-f-\-ß-fpsS Hm¿Ω-Iƒ ad-°m≥ Ign-bmØ Hcn-Xn-lmkw t]mse Rßƒ c≠p-t]¿ a\- n¬ kq£n-°p-∂p. ]®-∏-´-Wn™ hS-I-c-bn-emWv H∂v. lcnXtim` sNmcn™ IÆq-cn-emWv as‰m-∂v.

Ipń-bm-sW-¶nepw kZ ns‚ apºn¬Xs∂ ÿew ]nSn® Fw.knBZyw IY-]-d-bs´ :

""Hcp apkvenw eoKv ktΩ-f-\-Øns‚ Hm¿abm-sWs‚ apºn¬.ssaXm-\Øv tNcm≥ \nivN-bn-®n-cp∂ apkvenw eoKv ktΩ-f\w s]s´-∂p-≠mb ag-sb-Øp-S¿∂v kao-]-Øp≈ kvIqfn-te°v am‰p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. apkvenw eosK∂p tI´m¬ F√mw ad∂p t]mhp∂ ]mbw. hnkvabw]q≠ IÆp-I-fp-ambn Rm≥ tÃPnse ImgvN-Iƒ D‰p t\m°n. _m^JnXßƒ, koXn kmln_v apX-emb alm-c-Y-∑m-sc√mw ]kw-K-th-Zn-bn¬D]-hn-jvS-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ hSp-sIń \n¬°p-∂XvB tbmKw DZvLm-S\w sNbvX D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ aßnb NnX-am-Wv. aZn-cmin Akw-ªn-bnse apkvenw eoKv ]m¿ń-bpsS eoU¿ Bbn-cp∂p A∂vD∏n-km-ln-_v. \nb-a-k-`-bn¬ tIhe `qcn-]£w e`n-°msX A¥-an-√m-Xps≈m-cm-g-Øn-te°v XmWp t]mIp-am-bn-cp-∂ cmPmPn a¥n k`-bv°v]mW-hm-XIw \¬In \ne-\n¿Ønb cmP-in-ev]n-sb∂ JymXnbpambncmjvSo-b-cw-KØv btim-[m-hmfyw ]c-Ønb Ime-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.

Rmt\m¿°p-∂p. tbmKw DZvLm-S\w sNøm≥ D∏n-km-ln-_ns\£Wn® cwKw. D®-`m-jn-Wn°v apºn¬ Iri-Km-X-\mb Hcp sNdnb a\p-

s°m-Sp-Ø-Xv.

hnip≤ l÷v I¿Ω-Øn\v t]mbn ae-_m¿ Pn√m apkvenw eoKv]kn-U‚ v køn-Zv A_vZp-d-lvam≥ -_m-^Jn Xßƒ Xncn-s®-Øn-b-t∏mƒtImgn-t°mSv dbn¬th tÃj-\n¬ \¬Inb kzoI-c-W-Øn¬ A ≥IpńIpcn-°-fpsS hnP-bhpw D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-am-bn-cp∂pt\Xm-°ƒ Xß-fpsS i≤-bn¬ s]Sp-Øn-b-Xv. F.sI Ip™n-am-b≥lm-Pn, _n.-t]m-°¿ kmln_v, ]n.]n. l ≥tIm-b,-lmPn ]n.sF Ip™-ΩZv Ipń, lmPn hn. Aen _dman Xp-S-ßn-b-h¿ kzoI-c-W-®-S-ßn¬ kw_-‘n-®n-cp-∂p.

1950 HtŒm-_¿ 15˛∂v tImgn-t°mSv Su¨ apkvenw eoKv Hmô-kn¬Xs‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ tN¿∂ tbmK-amWv sXsc-s™-Sp-∏ns‚ ]m[m-\ysØ hne-bn-cp-Øn-b-sX∂pw JmCsZ an√Øv Xs∂-bmWv `c-ta¬∏n-®-sX∂pw D-∏n-km-ln_v Xß-tfmSv ]d-™p. Xs‚ Npa-Xe bYm-hn[n\n¿∆-ln-°p-I-bmWv Xm≥ sNbvX-Xv. D∏n-km-ln_v t\Xr-Xz-ta-s‰-SpØHcp sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ a’-cn-®n´v Imcy-an-s√∂v tIm¨K v ]kn-U‚ v]pcp-tjmØw Zmkv Xm-fi∂v- a-e-_m-dnse tIm¨K- p-Im¿ \n¿t±iw\¬In-bn-cp-∂p. tIm¨K- ns‚ c≠p Kq∏p-I-fp-sSbpw ÿm\m¿∞n-Iƒa’-c-cw-KØp \n∂pw ]n∑m-dm≥ CtXmsS \n¿_-‘n-X-am-sb∂v NµnIdnt∏m¿ń¬ ]d-bp-∂p. (N-µnI BgvN-∏-Xn∏v 1950 HtŒm_¿ 21)

Cu D]-sX-sc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ BZyta t\man-t\-j≥ ka¿∏n-®n-cp-∂-h¿. ]n≥hmßm\p≈ Imc-Whpw as‰m-∂m-bn-cp-∂n-√. tIm¨K v kn.-sI.-Kq-∏nse sI.-F.-C-_m-lnapw tIm¨K v tIf-∏≥ Kq∏nse ]mem´vIp™nt°mbbpw Hcp ssI t\m°m≥ Hcp-sº-´-t∏mƒ at©-cn-bn¬ sI.-Fw.-ko-Xn-km-ln-_ns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ tN¿∂ Gd-\mSv Xmeq°vapkvenw eoKv IΩn‰n hfsc it≤-b-amb Xocp-am-\-ßƒ ssIs°m-≠n-cp-∂p.

Fw.sI lmPn-km-ln-_ns‚ A`y¿∞\ H∂p amX-am-bn-cp∂p, D∏n-km-ln_v sXsc-s™-Sp∏v Ign-bp-∂-Xp-hsc afiew hnS-cp-Xv. D∏n-km-ln -_ns‚ hm°p -Iƒ°v Gd-\mS v amX-a√ ae-_m¿ apgp -h≥ImtXm¿Øp. hna¿i-\-ßfpw sh√p-hn-fn-Ifpw AXn-P-bn-°m≥ B hm°p-Iƒ D]-I-cn-®p. \yq\-]£ kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Ah-Imi kwc-£-W-Øn-\m-bp≈ iaw kwL-SnX apt∂-‰-Øn¬ IqSn-b-√msX km≤y-am-hn-s√∂vImew sXfn-bn-®n´pw ]mTw ]Tn-°m-Ø-h-cpsS apºn¬ kwL-t_m-[-Øns‚DW¿Øp ]m´p-ambn D∏n-km-ln_v FØn-b-t∏mƒ B¿°pw Dƒh-en-bm≥Ign-™n-√.

***** ***** *****

53


52


Fs‚ A\p- hßƒ

1956 \hw-_¿ 16 Rmb-dm-gvN. IÆq¿ t]meokv ssaXm-\n-bn¬ ]Sp-Øp-b¿Ønb auem\m apl-Ω-Zen \K-dn¬ IÆq¿ Pn√m apkvenw eoKvs]mXp ktΩ-f\w \S-°p-I-bm-Wv.

Xte∂v Xs∂ Rm\pw tPyjvT ktlm-Z-c≥ DΩ¿ Ipńbpw s]cn-ß-Øq-cnse F≥.-F.-a-Ωp-lm-Pn-bp-sams° IÆq-cn¬ FØn-bn-cp-∂p.kwÿm\ apkvenw eoKv ]kn-U‚ v kønZv A–p-d-ln-am≥ _m^JnXßƒ ]XmI Db¿Øp-∂Xv ImWm-\p≈ Akp-e` ku`mKywRßƒ°p-≠m-bn. cmhnse Su¨lmfn¬ \S∂ apkvenw bqØv eoKvktΩ-f\w _n. t]m°¿ kmln-_ns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ Fw.-]n.-Fw.-A-l-ΩZv Ipcn-°-fmWv D¬Lm-S\w sNbvX-Xv. sI.-F.-ap-l-ΩZv kmln-_n-s‚bpw lman-Zen iw-\m-Sn-s‚bpw ]kw-K-ßƒ it≤-b-am-bn.-a-Zn-cminsabn-en∂v D®bv°v IÆq-cn-se-Ønb JmCsZ an√-Øns\- kzo-I-cn-°m≥dbn¬th tÃj-\n¬ D∏n kmln-_ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ t\Xm-°-fpsSh≥ ]S Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

i\n-bmgvN sshIp-t∂cw Su¨ lmfn¬ hf-≠n-b¿ tIm¿ k-tΩ-f\w \S-∂p. tÃ‰v hf-≠n-b¿ tIm¿ Iym]v‰≥ tImgn-t°m-´p-Im-c≥ sI.Dkvam≥ tImb-bmWv tbmKw DZvLm-S\w sNbvX-Xv. ]n.-Fw. A_q-_-°dpw sI.kn A_q-_-°¿ aue-hnbpw ]kw-Kn-®p.

jy-cq-]w. ImgvN-bn¬ Hcp ]m[m-\yhpw tXm∂mØ saen™v Ipdnbico-cw. aqńb XpWnbpw tIm´pw Xe-bn¬ CkvXncn Cf-ImØ shfpØam∏n-f-sØm-∏nbpw thjw. hSs° ae-_m-dp-Im-cpsS ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Hcp]kw-K-hpw. CXmtWm D∏n-km-ln_v! Cu a\p-jys\ ]‰n-bmtWm ]X-ßƒ sImń-tLm-jn-°p-∂Xv? Fs‚ t\Xr-k-¶-ev]-ß-sf√mw Iogvta¬adn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. t\-Xm-sh-∂m¬ henb XSnbpw Db-c-hp-ap≈ Bfm-hWw F∂m-bn-cp∂p Fs‚ [mc-W.

]n∂oSv Ipd®p h¿j-ßƒ°p tijw Rm≥ Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ImeØv F√m sshIp-t∂-c-ß-fnepw _ vÃm‚ v ]cn-k-cØv IqSnBscbpw i≤n-bv°m-sX, Bcmepw i≤n-°-s∏-SmsX Rm≥ t\ctØI≠ am∏nf thj-Øn¬ ssIØ-≠-bn¬ Hcp IpSbpw Xq°n adp-I-øn¬ Cw•ojv ]Xhpw Np≠n¬ ]pI-bp∂ DΩ¿ _oUn-bpambn thß-bn¬ \mb-\m-cpsS \ms´-gp-Ø-—s\ t]mse \S∂p \oßp∂ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ Ffn-a-bm¿∂ NnXhpw Fs‚ apºn-ep≠v'' (tI´m¬ sImXn-Xo-cmØ hoc-KmY)

***** ***** *****

55


54


apkvenw eoKn-t\m-sSm-∏-am-bn-cp∂p Cu ]tZ-i-sa∂pw F∂pw Fgp-Xm-dp≈ Fs‚ kqlrØv sambvXp Agn-bq¿ Xs‚ ]tZ-i-sØ-°p-dn-s®-gp-Xnb A≤ymbw Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. hn`-P-\m-\-¥-c-ap≈ Icm-f-Im-e-L-´-Øn¬ apkvenw eoKv F∂p-®-cn-°m≥ t]mepwapkvenw-Iƒ `b-s∏-´n-cp∂ A`n-i-]vX-amb ]co-£W L´-ß-fn¬ ASn-]-X-dmsX, B]¬i¶-I-fn-√msX apkvenw eoKn-t\m-sSm∏w Bfl ss[cy-tØmsS Dd®p \n∂ hS-Ic Xmeq-°nse hnc-enseÆmhp∂ A]q¿∆wNne ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ ][m-\-am-bn-cp∂p Agn-bq¿ F∂v sambvXp kmln_vka¿∞n-®n-´p-≠v. tIm´-°¬ Ip™m-ap° F∂ F≥. ]n. Ip™mapkmln_v kwÿm\ apkvenw eoKns‚ Xe-∏-Øp≈ ImeØv Ipdp-º-\mSv Xmeq-°n-t\bpw tIm´bw Xmeq-°n-t\bpw _‘n-∏n-°p∂ Xnf-ßp∂IÆn-bm-bn-cp∂p Agn-bq¿. D∏n kmln-_ns‚ hS-Ic hc-hn∂v ]®-hn-cn® Cu ]tZ-i-Øns‚ Ncn-X-Øn¬ D∏n kmln-_n-s‚bpw Ip™mapkmln-_n-s‚bpw Ic-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]®-s°mSn G‰p-hm-ßn-b-h-cpsS h¿Æ-i-_-f-amb NnXw sambvXp Agn-bq¿ hc®p sh®Xv Cß-s\: A©v]Xn-‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p apºv A©mw ]oSnI Ppap-AØv ]≈n-bpsS ]cn-k-cw. A∂v ap°mfnbn¬ PpapA C√. Ip™n-∏-≈n-bnepw lmPn-bm¿ ]≈n-bnepw ]qgn-Ø-e-bnse ]qgn-bn¬ ]≈n-bn-ep-an√ Ppap-A. F√m-hcpwsh≈n-bm-gvN-I-fn¬ HØp IqSp-∂Xv A©mw ]oSnI ]≈n-bn¬. ]m¿∞-\°v tijw ]≈n-bpsS Np‰p-a-Xn-en∂v ]pdØv tdmU-cp-In¬ A[nIwDb-c-an-√mØ Hcp ip`-h-kvX-[mcn Iøn¬ Sn≥jo‰v hf-®p-≠m-°nbHcp]I-cWw (sa-K-t^m¨) i–w D®-Øn¬ tIƒ∏n-°m≥ D]-I-cn-°p∂D]-I-c-Ww. Npt≠mSv tN¿Øp-sh®v kwkm-cn-°m≥ XpSßn. apkvenweoKv \ne-\n¿tØ-≠-Xns‚ A\n-hm-cyX kwL-Sn-X-a-√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚Zb-\o-b-X....- ]m-kw-Kn-Is‚ Np‰pw Bƒ°q-´-Øns‚ Cc-º¬. hm°p-I-fn¬,-N-e-\-ß-fn¬ `mh-ß-fn¬ Bflm¿∞-X-bpsS AKv\n-Pzm-e-Iƒ.t]amcn \ne-®-Xp-t]mse ]kwKw Ah-km-\n-®p. Hcp \nanjw Bƒ°q-´-Øn¬ \n∂v i–-ap-b¿∂p. A plm-Pntbm kn.-F®v Dkvam≥kmlnt_m?

apkvenw eoKv kn¥m-_mZv ZnK-¥-ßƒ s]m´p-am-dp-®-Øn¬ kZ vG‰p hnfn®p. tIm´-°¬ Ip™m-ap° B\-µmip s]mgn®p Dcp-hn-´p.-A¬lw Zpen√'. ]qgn -Ø-e-bn¬ \n∂m-cw-`n -°p∂ Agn-bq-cnseapkvenweoKns‚ NcnXw A∂v ]¥≠pIm-c-\mb sambvXp a\- n¬]I¿Øp sh®p.

kn.-F®v Dkvam≥ kmln-_n-s‚bpw kn.-F®v. A p-lm-Pn-bp-tSbpw -]n.sI t]m°¿ kmln-_n-s‚bpw tPyjvT≥ Aen kmln-_n-s‚bpwhy‡n-Xz-ßƒ Ip™map kmln-_n-s‚bpw D∏n kmln-_n-s‚bpw c‡-Øn¬ Aen™p tNcp∂ ImgvN B _mes\ A¤pX ]c-X-¥-\m-°n.

aKvco_v \a-kvIm-cm-\-¥cw auem\m apl-Ω-Zen \K-dn¬ \S∂kmwkvIm-cnI ktΩ-f\w Hcn-°epw ad-°m-\m-hmØ H∂m-bn-cp-∂p.

sh√q-cnse auehn id-^p-±o≥ A≤y-£-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Fw.F ip°q¿kmln-_mWv DZvLm-S-I≥. Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw ]kw-K-ß-fn¬ XpSn®p \n∂Bibw bph-P\ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≠p.

aZn-cm-in-bnse ]X-]-h¿Ø-I-\mb tUm. A_vZp¬ hlm_vkmln_pw auehn Fw. ImZ-dp-Ænbpw F≥.hn. A–p-kemw aue-hnbpwFw.-ap-l-ΩZv kmln_pw hnj-b-ßƒ°v \¬Inb ]cn-K-W-\bpw Ah-X-c-W-Øn¬ ImWn® B¿÷-hhpw I≠v kZ v ]pf-I-a-Wn-™p. s]mXpktΩ-f-\-Ønse D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ kzmKX ]kwKw kZ- p-am-bp≈At±-l-Øns‚ Bfl_‘w A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bn. tIhew Hcpcm„ob ktΩ-f-\-am-b-√,- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚bpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw cm„o-bhpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw aX-]-chpw ssh⁄m-\n-I-hp-amb\thm-∞m\ ktΩ-f-\-am-bmWv D∏n kmln_v I≠-Xv.

]cn-ip-≤n-bp-sSbpw Bflm¿∞-X-bp-sSbpw ]cn-afw ]c-Øp∂ IÆn-Iƒ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ Hmtcm hm°pw H∏n-sb-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A≤y-£-\mb JmCsZan√Øpw -DZvLm-S-I-\mb sI.Fw koXn-km-ln_pwkzmKXw Xocp-∂-Xp-hsc D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ apJ-tØ°v Xs∂ Xd-∏n®pt\m°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

adp-a-e¿®n ]Xm-[n-]¿ lmPn apl-ΩZv bqk^v kmln-_n∂v Xan-gn¬ Xs∂-bmWv D∏n-km-ln_v kzmK-X-a-cp-fn-b-Xv. ]n.-A-–p¬ aPo-Zn-s\bpw Xncp-∏q¿ sambvXo≥ kmln-_n-s\bpw sI. l ≥ K\n-tbbpw]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ønb tijw Bthi`cn-X-\m-bmWv _n.-t]m-°¿ kmln-_n∂pw kn.-F-®n∂pw kzmK-X-tam-Xn-b-Xv.

C¥y≥ cm„ob Ncn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v a‰m-sc-°m-fp-a-dn-bp∂ hy‡n-bmWv Xms\∂v Hcp kzmKX ]kw-K-Øn-eqsS D∏n kmln_v A∂vsXfn-bn-°p-I--bm-bn-cp-∂p. c-W-L-S-\m-]-chpw hyh-ÿm-]nXhpamb \ne-bn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p∂ apkvenw eoKv P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw `cW-L-S-\-bp-sSbpw am¿§ßfn-eqsS amXsa k©-cn-°p-I-bp≈q F∂ ]Jym-]-\-am-bn-cp∂p D∏n-km-ln_v \S-Øn-b-Xv "JmCsZan√-Øns‚ ]mX' F∂]tbmKw Rm\m-Zy-ambn tI´Xv D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ kzmKX ]kw-K-Øn-em-Wv. ]nt∂m° Zp¿_e hn`m-K-ß-fpsS cm„o-bhpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-ambXm¬]-cy-ß-fpsS kwc-£-W-Øn\v apkvenw eoKv A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂va\- n-em-°p-∂Xpw Cu ]kwKw hgn-X-s∂.

tImgn-t°mSv Pn√-bpsS hS-°p-\n-∂p≈ ]th-i\ Ihm-S-amb Agn-bq-cns\ ad-°-cp-sX∂pw Ncn-X-Øns‚ \mƒhgn-I-fn¬ F∂pw C¥y≥apkvenw-I-fpsS A\n-tj≤y cm„ob ]ÿm-\mb C¥y≥ bq\n-b≥

57


56


k -e-amb ZuXyw

sX°≥ I¿Wm-S-I-Ønse apkvenw-Iƒ ae-_m-dn-t\mSv tN¿∂p-sIm-≠mWv kmap-Zm-bn-Ihpw ssh⁄m-\n-Ihpw aX-]-chpw cm„o-b-hp-ambF√m cwK-ß-fnepw ]h¿Øn®p t]m∂-Xv. apkvenw eoKns\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw I¿Æm-S-I-Ønse apkvenw eoKv ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v XpS°wIpdn-®Xv ap∏-Xp-I-fpsS Ah-km-\-Ønepw \m¬]-Xp-I-fpsS BZy-Øn-ep-am-Wv.

1938 ¬ sI.Fw koXn kmln-_ns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ Imk¿t°mSvSuWn¬ tN¿∂ tbmKw apkvenw eoKn∂v _oPm-hm]w sN-bvX-Xmbn Sn.Dss_Zv kmln_v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ I¿Æm-S-I-Ønseapkvenw eoKv ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v kwL-SnX cq]w ssIh-cp-∂Xv 1940Ifn-em-Wv. lmPn-am-ln≥ iw\mSv t]meokv k_v- C≥kvs]-Œ¿ ÿm\Øv\n∂v hnc-an® tijw kwL-S\m cwKØv kPo-h-am-bn. sI.-D∏n kmln_vawK-em-]p-c-sØØn Pn√m apkvenw eoKv Iu¨kn¬ hnfn®p Iq´n. D∏nkmln-_ns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ tN¿∂ Cu tbmK-Øn¬ sh®mWvamln≥ iw\m-Sns\ Pn√m apkvenw eoKv ]kn-U‚mbn GI-I-WvtT\sXsc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. CtXmsS sX°≥ I¿Æm-S-I-Øn-se°pw eoKv]h¿Ø\w Du¿÷n-X-am-°n.

sX°≥ I¿Æm-S-I-Øn¬ D∏n kmln_v t\ctØ Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. ]fin-X\pw aX-`-‡\pw ]`m-j-I\pw kap-Zmb tkh-I-\p-am-bn-cp∂ auehn Ad_n iw\mSp-ambn D∏n-km-ln_v _‘-s∏-Sm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. sX°≥ I¿Æm-S-I-Ønse Imk¿tIm´p Xmeq-°n¬ Imk¿t°m´v\n∂v c≠p \mgnI AIse sNΩ-\mSv F∂ Kma-Ønse t]cpw s]cp-a-

hnI-emwK s]≥j\p th≠n kvXoIsf ssIh-≠n-bn¬ Ib‰n Np¶sØ_kvtÃm∏nse-Øn® eoKp-Im-c-t‚bpw kam-\XIfn-√mØ s]mXp]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-te¿s∏-´-h-cp-sSbpw FÆ-a‰ aX kmaqly ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS \nd-km-∂n-≤y-am-bn-cp∂ D¬Ir„ hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw knc-I-fn¬IqSn Hgp-In-bn-cp-∂Xv Ip™m-ap-°-bp-sSbpw D∏n-km-ln-_n-s‚bpw c‡-am-bn-cp∂p sh∂v sambvXp-hns‚ hcn-Iƒ sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. Bflm¿∞ambt\Xr-Xz-Øns‚ tijnbpw t\XrXz KpW-Øns‚ tijn-bpw tiap-jnbpw-A-\p-]-a-amb kz`mh sshin-„y-Øns‚ ]mT-ßfpw Ch¿ kzmb-Ø-am-°n-bXv Ipdp-º-\mSv ˛ tIm´bw Xmeq-°p-I-fn¬ \n∂p am∏n-f-sØm-∏n-bn´p h∂ alm-c-Y-∑m-cpsS ]mX ]n≥]-‰n-bXp sIm≠m-sW∂v hcn-Iƒ°n-S-bn-eqsS sambvXp t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

***** ***** *****

59


58


k_v-C≥kvs]-Œdmbn ]e Pn√-I-fnepw DtZymK-Øn-en-cp∂ ImeØvel-f-Iƒ ASn-s®m-Xp-°m\pw Inan-\¬ ]p≈n-Isf ]nSn-Iq-Sm\pw km[n-®-Xns‚ t]cn¬ 1911 ¬ U¬ln U¿_m¿ lmfn¬ A©mw tPm¿÷vNI-h¿Øn At±-l-Øn\v t]meokv saU¬ \¬In-bn-cp-∂p. 1929 ¬awK-em-]p-csØ kmap-Zm-bnI el-fsb Aa¿®-sN-bvX-Xns\ Pn√mPUvPn hn[n \ymb-Øn¬ ]tXyIw ]iw-kn-®p.

1939 emWv amln≥iw-\mSv DtZym-K-Øn¬ \n∂v ]ncn-bp-∂-Xv. CuAh-k-c-Øn-emWv ss]adn apkvenw eoKv cq]o-I-cn-°m\pw Pn√m eoKvcq]o-I-cn-°m\pw D∏n kmln-_ns‚ km∂n-≤y-ap-≠m-hp-∂-Xv. Ah¿XΩn¬ \nc-¥cw _‘-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Kma-ßƒ tXmdpw tIm˛-Hm-∏-td-‰ohv tÃmdp-Iƒ ÿm]n-°m≥ A£oWw bXv\n-®Xv D∏n kmln_pwlmPn-am-ln≥iw-t\mSpw tN¿∂m-Wv. bp≤-Øns‚ sISp-Xn-I-fn¬ \c-In-°p∂ ]mh-s∏-´¿°pw km[m-c-W-°m¿°pw th≠n XymK-a-\-ÿn-Xn-tbm-sS-bp≈ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fmWv Ch¿ \S-Øn-b-Xv. sX°≥ I¿ÆmSIPn√°v Hcn-°epw hnkva-cn-°m-\m-hmØ Aaqeytk-h-\-ß-fmWv Ch¿sNbvX-sX∂v Sn.-D-ss_Zv kmln-_ns‚ ]e teJ-\-ß-fnepw FSpØp]d-™n-´p-≠ v.

***** ***** *****

bp≈ Cu IpSpw-_mw-K-hp-ambn D∏n-km-ln-_n∂v ASpØ _‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn ]n.Fw apl-ΩZv auehn Hcp NcnX teJ-\-Øn¬ hnh-cn-®n- p-≠v. aZn-cmin \nba \n¿ΩmW k -bn¬ hf-sc-°mew Ad-_n iw\mSv-sa-º-dp-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXn∂v ]pdsa Jm≥ _l-Zq¿ al-aqZv iw\m-Sv,t]meokv k∫v C≥kvs]-Œ¿ lmPn amln≥ iw\mSv, kntem-Wnsekmlnd tImtfPv eIvN-d¿ A–p¬ JmZ¿ iw\mSv F∂n-h¿ Ad-_n-iw-\m-Sns‚ ktl-Z-c-∑m-cm-Wv. Ad-_niw\mSp-am-bp≈ _‘hpw a‰p ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cp-am-bp≈ ASp-∏hpw apkvenw eoKn¬ ]e-scbpw AWn-\n-c-Øm≥t]c-I-am-bn. ^k-ep¬ lJns‚ A≤y-£-X-bn¬ tImgn-t°mSv tN¿∂tIm¨^d≥knepw 1941˛¬ aZn-cm-in-bn¬ tN¿∂ AJn-te¥ym apkvenweoKv hm¿jn-I-Ønepw I¿Æm-S-I-Øns‚ ]e mK-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw [mcmfwt]¿ kw_-‘n-®n-cp-∂p. kzmX¥y eœn hsc Pn√-bpsS \m\m`mK-ß-fnepw \S∂ hºn® eoKv ktΩ-f-\-ß-fn¬ ]e-Xnepw D∏n-km-ln_v ]s¶-SpØv ]kw-Kn-®p.

enbm-JØenJm-s‚bpw Jmkn apl-ΩZv Cuk-bp-sSbpw Z£n-tW-¥y≥ ]cy-S\thf-I-fn¬ awK-em-]p-cØpw Imk¿t°m´pw ]I-S-\-ß-fpw ktΩ-f-\-ß-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. -ko-Xn-km-ln_pw D∏n-km-ln_pw aW-∏m´v kmln_pw F®v.-F®v iw\mSpsams° ktΩ-f-\-ß-fn¬ ]-s¶-Sp-Øp.- aw-K-em-]p-cw,- _-≠-hmƒ, Ipº-f, Imk¿t°mSv, sNa-\m-Sv, tIm´n-°p-fw, ]≈n-°-c, Im™-ßm-Sv, Xr°-cn-∏q¿, \ote-izcw F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ \S∂ Bth-i-]-I-S-\-ßƒ Dss_Zv kmln_v hnh-cn-°p-∂p≠v

1947˛¬ F®v.-F®v iw\m-SmWv Pn√m ]kn-U-≠mbn sXsc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-Xv. CXnepw D∏nkmln-_m-bn-cp∂p aq≥ssI-sbSp-Ø-Xv. al-aqZviw\m-Sns‚ hnZym-`ymk ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v i‡n-]-I-cm\pw D∏n-km-ln_v Xm¬]cyw ImWn-®p. H∂m-a-sØbpw c≠m-a-sØbpw tIµ Akw-ªn-I-fnepw aq∂m-a-sØbpw \mem-a-sØbpw aZmkv Iu¨kn-ep-I-fnepw1936 apX¬ ]Øp-h¿jw aZmkv Akw-ªn-bnepw saº-dm-bn-cp∂ al-aqZv iw\mSv D∏n kmln-_ns‚ k¥X kl-Nm-cn-bmbn amdn.

s]mXptkh-\-Øn¬ \nc-X-\m-hp-Ibpw cm„ob-Øn¬ Bth-i-`-cn-X-\m-hp-Ibpw sNbvX al-aqZv iw\mSv apkvenw eoKns‚ Blzm\w am\n®v"Jm≥ _l-Zq¿'ÿm\w hen-s®-dn-™p. 1948 Unkw-_¿ 12˛∂v A¥y-izmkw hen-°p-∂-Xp-h-scbpw al-aqZv iw\mSv kmln_v I¿Ω-\n-c-X-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

lmPn amln≥ iw\mSv kmln_v Xs‚ ]Øp hb- n\v aq∏p≈Bfm-sW∂v D∏n-km-ln_v ]d-bm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. sX°≥ I¿Æm-SIPn√m apkvenw-I-fn¬ saSn-°p-te-j≥ ]mkmb aq∂m-asØ Bfm-bn-cp∂p iw\m-Sv. At±-l-Øns‚ ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p a‰p c≠p-t]¿.

61


60


tØmsS hgn-bn¬ ImØp-\n¬°p-∂p. NµnI \yqkv FUn-‰dpw A∂vkwÿm\ apkvenw eoKv tPm.-sk-I-´-dn-bp-amb ]n.-Fw.-A-_q-_-°-tdm-sSm∏w \lm-km-ln_v Sn.-_n-bn-se-Øn. Bfp-Iƒ Xnßn-\n-d™ Sn.-_n-bnse CSp-ßnb CS-\m-gn-I-bn-eqsS \lm-km-ln_v apdn-bn-se-Øn. ]ns∂\nth-Z-\-ß-fpsS A´n-t∏-dm-bn-cp-∂p. At∏m-gmWv Fw.-F-kv.-F^vI¨sh≥j-\n¬ Rm≥ tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ IY ]d™ hnhcwBtcm \lmkmln-_ns‚ i≤-bn¬ s]Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. \nth-ZI kwL-ß-tfm-Smbn a¥n \lm-km-ln_v ]d-™p. ""Rm≥ \nß-fn¬ Hcp-h-\m-Wv. a¥n-bm-bn-t∏m-sb-t∂-bp-≈q. P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ P\-ß-fpsS Zmk-∑m-cm-sW∂v Ckvam-Cu¬ kmln_pw D∏n-km-ln_pw apkvenw eoKn-eq-sS-bmWv \sΩ-sbms° ]Tn-∏n-®-Xv.''

s]mXptbmK-Ønse ]kw-K-Ønepw \lm-km-ln_v Bh¿Øn-®p.JmCsZ an√Øpw ko-Xn-km-ln_pw t]m°¿ kmln_pw D∏n kmln_pwÿm\-ßƒ H∂pw tNmZn®p hmßn-b-h-c-√. F√m ÿm-\-ßfpw AhsctXSn-sb-Øn-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.''

""ip -kp-µ-c-amb hy‡n-Xz-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ \lm-km-ln-_ns‚ hni-Zo-I-c-W-Øn¬ Id-]p-c-fmØ s]mXpPohn-X-Øns‚ DS-a-bm-bn-cp∂ D∏n-km-ln-_ns\ ]e XhW ]cm-a¿in-®p.

D∏n-km-ln-_ns\ t∏mse \s√mcp ]pkvXI tiJ-c-Øns‚ DS-a-bm-bn-cp∂p \lm-km-ln-s_∂v dlow tat®cn Hcn-°¬ ]d-™-tXm¿°p-∂p. C.-Fw.F tImtf-Pn∂v th≠n At±-l-Øns‚ sse_-dn-bnse ]pkvX-I-ßƒ G‰p-hm-ßm≥ F≥.-hn.-C-_m-ln-ans‚ IqsS sN∂-t∏m-gm-WsXCu Imcyw a\- n-em-b-Xv.

1952 ¬ D∏n-km-ln_v aZn-cm-in \nb-a-k-`-bn-te°v a’-cn®p Pbn-°p-tºmƒ \lm kmln_v s]mUyq-tkgvkv Iw˛-I¨kyq-tagvkv tIm˛-Hm-∏-td-‰ohv skmssk-‰n-bpsS sXsc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ hfsc hmin-tb-dnb a’-c-Øn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ thm´p t\Sn hnP-bio emfn-X-\m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv \lm-km-ln_v B skmssk-‰n-bpsS ]kn-U‚p-am-bn. ]n∂oSvF√m sXsc-s™-Sp-∏p-I-fnepw Cukn hmt°m-h-dp-am-bn.

***** ***** *****

P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ P\Zmk-∑m¿

1968˛s]m≥Ip-∂Øv apkvenw eoKns‚ alm-k-tΩ-f\w \S-°p-∂p.tX°-Sn°pw tIm -b-Øn\pw at≤y ssIkvXh tIµ-amb s]m≥Ip-∂ØveoKv ktΩ-f\w \S-°p-∂Xv ]e-cnepw IuXp-I-ap-W¿Øn. ap≠-°-bØv\n∂pw Cucm-‰p-t]- -bn¬ \n∂pw ktΩ-f-\-Øn\v ]Xn-\n-[n-I-sf-Øn. ]I-S\w Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xn∂v sXm´p ap≥]v Nm‰¬ag XpS-ßn. t\Xm-°ƒs°ms° tIºv sNøm≥ A∂v Sn.-_n-bmWv G¿∏mSv sNbvX-Xv.

Fw.-F-kv.-F^v kwÿm\ ]kn-U‚ v F∂ \nebv°v Rm\pw Sn.-_n.-bn-se-Øn.

D®°v ISp-°m-ae kvIqfn-em-bn-cp∂p Fw.-F-kv.-F v I¨sh≥j≥.]n∂oSv t]meokv kq]-≠mb Ip™n-sam-bvXo≥ Ip´n-bmWv A∂v Pn√m]kn-U‚ v. Fw.sI dmhp-Ø¿ sshkv ]kn-U‚pw I¨sh≥j\v a¥n\lmkm-ln_v FØpw F∂-dn™ s]mXp P\-ßƒ kvIqfn∂p ]pdØpXSn®p IqSn-bn-cp-∂p. ]kwKw \o´m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\mbt∏mƒ Rm≥tIm´m¬ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ IY ]d™p XpS-ßn. IpSn-bm-∑m¿°v th≠nhmZn® P∑n-bpsS IY tI´v kvIqfn∂p ]pdØv D≈-h¿ AI-tØ°vX≈n°b-dn. IY ]d-™p-Xo¿∂-t∏m-gmWv \lm-km-ln_v s]mXpktΩ-f\w D¬Lm-S\w sNømt\ FØp-I-bp≈q F∂-dn-bp-∂-Xv.

tIm´bw apX¬ s]m≥Ip-∂w-hsc kpi-‡-amb t]meokv Imh¬G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. ]cn-kchmkn-Iƒ Fs¥-∂n-√mØ Bth-i-

63


62


kn.sI apl-Ω-Zn-s\-°p-dn®v D∏n-km-ln_v ]d-™-Xp-t]mse CXp\ΩpsS kz¥w Ipń-bm-Wv.-F∂v tIbn kmln_v ]d-™-tX.

Xe-°m-WØv Xd-hm-Sp-ambn _‘-ap≈ C.-A-l-ΩZv kmln-_mWvRm≥ IeymWw Ign-°p-tºmƒ Fw.-F-kv.-F^v kwÿm\ ]kn-U‚mbF\n°v Imt\mØv ]S-Øn¬ \n∂v BZy-ambn a[pc ]m\obw \¬In-b-Xv. Al-ΩZv kmln-_ns‚ IÆq-cnse a°m-SØpw Fcp-h-ń-bnse Xe-°m-WØpw sI´p _‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

_‘-ß-fpsS IÆnIƒ A‰p t]mhmsX kq£n-°m≥ _‘p-°ƒ°v]e-ap-tJ-\bpw km[n-®n-cp-∂p. Ipń-Iƒ°v t]¿ hnfn-°p-∂-Xn¬ t]mepwXd-hm- nse Imc-W-h-Øn-Iƒ ]tXyIw i≤n-®p. ]k-hn-®m¬ Ipń-bpsSsNhn- n¬ _m¶pw CJmaØpw sImSp-°p-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ kn.-F®v ]kw-Kn-®-t∏mƒ Ipń-Iƒ°v t]cn-Sp-∂-Xns\ kw_-‘n®pw ]cm-a¿in-®n-cp-∂p. A∂v thZnbnep-≠m-bn-cp∂ D∏n-km-ln_pw aΩZv lmPn-bp-sams°tIbokv _w•m-hnseØn-b-t∏mƒ sNm¢n-bnse hn.]n Aen kmln_v t]cn-S¬ ]pcm-W-sØ-∏‰n hmNm-e-\m-bXv Hm¿°p-∂p.

s]m´mØ s]m≥ \qep-t]m-se, t]cp-Iƒ thcp-Iƒ IWs° D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ ss]Xr-IsØ C∂pw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂p.

D∏n kmln-_ns‚ kl-[¿ΩnWn Iøq-a-bpsS t]¿ ktlm-Zcn]pX≥(-am-b≥) am™p-Im-°-bpsS aIƒ°v Nm¿Øn-s°m-Sp-Øp. D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ ]nXm-hns‚ t]cmb amb≥ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ aI\pw C´p.

Fßns\ t]¿ h∂p-sh-∂-dn-™n√ Fs‚ amXm-hn-s‚bpw amXrktlm-Z-cn-bp-sSbpw t]cp-I-fmWv D∏n-km-ln_v Xs‚ s]ä-°ƒ°vhnfn-®-Xv. Ip™m-anbpw Ip™n-∏m-Øphpw

Xe-°m-WØv \n∂v IÆq-cnse sI´p _‘-Øn¬ ]nd∂ A‘-\mb DΩ¿° Fgp-]-Xp-I-fpsS BZy-Øn¬ IXn-cq-cnse Bbnjm a≥kn-en¬ h∂v ]mSm-dp≈ ]gb ]m´p-Iƒ Rmt\m¿°p-∂p. Iøq-abpw adn-b-Øm-Øbpw D∏nbpw D∏-cnbpw Ip™m-an-Øm-Øbpw am-b\pw Ip™n-am-b\pw am™phpw \nd-™p-\n¬°m-dp≈ ]mń¬ s]m∂mc IZo-kqs\IS-∂¬ IpØn-bXp hsc s]Spw.-t]-cp-Iƒ tXSn tIm´-bØv \n∂v IXn-cq¿ hgn IÆq-cn-te°v Xncn-®m¬ At\z-j-W-Øn¬ NcnX apØp-Iƒs]dp-°n-sb-Sp°m\m-hpw.

***** ***** *****

s]m´mØ s]m≥\q¬

NµnI amt\-PnwKv Ub-d-Œ-dm-bn-cp∂ F.sI Ip™n-am-b≥ lmPn-bm-bn-cp∂p IXn-cq-cnse kn.hn A_q-_-°¿ lmPnsb apkvenw ]n‚nwKvB‚ v ]ªn-jnwKv Iº-\n-bpsS sjb¿ tlmƒU-dm-°n-b-Xv. ssakq¿U¿_m¿ tlm´¬ DS-a-ÿ-\m-bn-cp∂ A_q-_-°¿ lmPn°v IpSpw__‘-tØ-°m-fp-]cn Ip™nam-b≥ lmPn-bpw -D-∏n-km-ln_pw ktlm-Z-c≥ ]ikvX hnj-lmcn Xe-°m-WØv aΩ-Zvlm-Pn-bp-sams° hgn-Im-ń-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

A_q-_-°¿ lmPn koa¥ ]pXn kplvd-b°v ]pXn-bm-∏n-fsbFSp-°p-tºmƒ D∏n-km-ln-_n-t\mSv hnhcw ]d-™p. kn.sI apl-Ω-Zns‚Xd-hm´v aln-abpw DtZym-K-s∏-cp-abpw Hs° D∏n-km-ln_v tI´-dn-™p.Imt\mØv ]S-Øn¬ sh®v A_q-_-°¿ lmPn-tbmSv D∏n kmln_v ]d-™Xv ""CXv \ΩpsS kz¥w Ipń-bm-sW-∂mWv''

D∏n-km-ln_n∂v kn.-sI.-ap-l-Ω-Zns\ aZm-kn¬ sh®v BZyta ]cn-N-b-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

A_q-_-°¿ lmPn-bpsS aq∂m-asØ ]pXnsb Rm≥ hnhmlwsNøp-tºmƒ lmPn kmln_v ac-W-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. A∂v D∏n kmln_pwaΩ-Zvlm-Pnbpw Pohn-®n-cn-∏p-≠v. Fs∂-°p-dn®v h[p-hns‚ aqØ-Im-cWh¿F∂ \ne-bn¬ aΩZvlmPn At\z-jn-®Xv kn.sI ]n.-sN-dnb aΩp-t°-bn-tbm-Sm-Wv.

65


64


kmln-_ns‚ Hmô-knse t^mWn\v hni-a-ap-≠m-bn-ń-√. ac-W-hn-hcwAdn-bn-°m≥ Bsf \n¿Øn D∏n kmln-_ns‚ P\mk Im-Wm≥ Imdn¬Xncn-°p-tºmƒ B IÆp-Iƒ Cud-\-Wn-™n-cp-∂p.

D∏n kmln_v iøm-h-e-_n-bm-b-t∏mƒ IrXym-¥c _mlp-ey-ßƒ°nS-bn¬ sN∂p I≠ kn.-F®v c≠p XhW I¨]o-en-Iƒ XpS-®-Xmbn D∏n kmln-_ns‚ aI≥ap-l-Ω-Zen ]d-™-tXm¿°p-∂p.

B[p-\nI NnIn-’-I-sfms° Xnc-kvI-cn®v ac-W-°n-S-°-bn¬ Ign-bp∂ _m∏ms\ I≠v kn.-F®v Ic-™p. kn.-F-®ns\ I≠-t∏mƒ F√mkpJ-t°-Sp-Ifpw amdn F∂ `mh-Øn¬ _m∏ Fgp-t∂‰v Itk-e-bn¬amdn Ccp-∂-t∏mƒ aI-t\mSpw Ic™p t]mbn.

D∏n kmln-_ns‚ KŸ-∏p-c-bpsS XI¿® I≠mWv kn.-F-®ns‚IÆp-Iƒ ho≠pw \nd-™-sX∂v apl-Ω-Zen ]d-™n-cp-∂p.

D∏n kmln-_ns‚ Hmtcm Nca Zn\-Ønepw Nµn-I-bn¬ Ipdn-∏p-IƒI≠m¬ apl-Ω-Zen hnfn°pw: ""F√m-hcpw ad∂ _m∏sb \nß-sf-¶nepwHm¿°p-∂-t√m......'' Fs∂ms° ]d-bpw. apl-Ω-Z-en-bpsS ac-WhpwBIkvan-I-am-bn-cp-∂p.

1972 sabv ]Xn-s\m-∂n\v D∏n kmln_v acn-°p-tºmƒ F¨]ØnH∂vhb- m-bn-cp∂p. hm¿≤-Iy-Øns‚ £oW-a-√msX ]d-b-Ø° a‰v Akp-J-ß-sfm∂pw At±-l-Øn\v C√m-bn-cp-∂p. hn]p-e-amb NnIn’m kuI-cy-ßƒ Fhn-sSbpw e`y-am-hp∂ kml-N-cy-ßƒ D≠m-bn´pw AXn-sem∂pw At±-l-Øn\v Xme-]-cy-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. j¿ń\v tase ap≠p-SpØv, s_¬‰n-´v, Xe-bn¬ am∏nfsØm∏nbpw [cn®v ssIØ-≠-bn¬hf™ Imep≈ IpSbpw Xq°n \S∂p \oßm-dp≈ D∏n kmln-_ns\I≠-h-cpsS t]mepw Ip‰n-b‰p. B NnX-ßƒ°pw aß-te-‰p.

thZ-\n-∏n-°p-∂Xv, At±-l-Øn\v DNn-X-amb Hcp kvamcIw t]mepwDb¿∂n√ F∂-Xm-Wv. hnZym-]p-cn-bnse A£-c-ap-Øn\v Xe-t»-cn-bn¬Hcp KŸ-∏pc t]mepw Bcw-`n-°m-\-mbn-√. \S∂p \oßnb NcnX `qan-bn¬ hmc-t°m¬ \of-Øn¬ Hcp tdmUv t]mepw D≠m-bn-√. F∂m¬A`ykvX hnZy-cp-sSbpw kwip≤ cm„ob°mcp-sSbpw P\tkh-I-cp-sSbpw a\- ns‚ amWn-Iy-s°m-´m-c-Øn¬ B amXrIm ]pcp-j\v ÿm\-ap-≠mhpw F∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√.

***** ***** *****

l¿Øm¬ Zn\-Øn¬ A¥yw

""Fs‚ ac-W-Øn¬ A\p-tim-Nn®v l¿Øm¬ BN-cn-°-cp-Xv. s]mXpHgnhv ]Jym-]n-°p-I-bp-a-cp-Xv.

Cßs\ Hcp HkyØv ]d™p \S∂ t\Xmhv D∏n-km-ln_v amX-amWv.

hn[n ssh]-co-Xy-sa∂v ]d-bs´ B acWw \S-°p∂ Znhkw Hcpl¿Øm-em-bn -cp -∂p. t^m¨ kuI-cyhpw hml\ kuI-cyhpwC√mØXn\m¬ acWw ]pdw-tem-I-a-dn-bm≥ sshIn.

D∏n-km-ln_pw Xe-t»-cnbpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-sØ-°p-dn®v Adn-™Xp sIm≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√, D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ acWw BZyw Adn-bn-t°-≠Xv tIbn kmln-_n-s\-bmWv F∂ Xncn-®-dnhv sIm≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcpa≤y hb-kvI≥ ssk°nƒ Nhnń \mgn-I-Iƒ Xm≠n Xe-t»-cn-bn¬FØn-b-Xv.

Xs‚ Hmô-kn¬ \n∂v tIbokv _w•m-hn-te°v Cdßsh-bmWvhnb¿Øp Ipfn®p h∂ Bƒ D∏n-km-ln-_ns‚ ac-W-hn-hcw tIbokmln-_ns\ Adn-bn-°p-∂-Xv.

tIbn kmln_v BZyw hnfn-®-dn-bn-®Xv Nµn-I-bn-te-°m-Wv. Bsse‰n-\nwKv tImƒ hgn BImihmWn°pw hm¿Ø Inń. ]ns∂ tIbn

kottal uppi sahib

Documents