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Shan Herald Agency for News 3
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wMbaobtvj ayM;odkuf;rmefjayUudef wAuf;
wAifulef;rldif;auMj uMjvBjnOfvBm;u.ifjumifb
qB.juFwfbtcyef? ,.efUydlOfj[Of;nrfbqfgjqkrf;
udkwf;odkuf;}-OMjeB/
OBm;ymifwkduf;,OfU vFifbcmOfby.ifbrM;xFifj
OMj- nefodkuf;wB;wdvBjwlOfvdyf; 1 auMU
eefU qdkOfjodkuf;[mefwAif;n.ifb qmOf;'cFifb?
qdlOf;rmwfbqAyf;yBmjv.wfjodyf;yBmeefU yM;wif;
ckefodkuf;vlifu.if;qmefb (aumif;pH)/odkuf;[mefwAif;n.ifb wyfhrkufU 3 auMU
vBjxkufbwdp.yf; vmwfjOMj-515 vBm;cMjeBU
zlju.ef;wyfUu.ifyAef qOfjodkuf;ayMbomef;
n.ifb qmOf;cdlOf;csmif;? wyfUeBUulef;odkuf;uBUyBmj
ekdifjvdlefnrfb,.rf; 5-6 auMU/ odkuf;rmefj
yFwfUvFef=pf;cOfjodkuf;OMj awvBjidkef; 2
oFefysM;? ylefUrM; 3-4 yD,OfUauMj nrfbvBj
aoysM;? idkef;vdlefauMjpM;wwf;? odkuf;rmefj
urfjerf nrfbrD;[Fif;qfg? ndrfbndlOfbrdlOfbqmefj
odkuf;? ayM;oAifu.ifjwFufb ukrfbvFefjyBmjwduf;
wduf;-OMjeB/ ZBmbwyfUodkuf;qdkifjwB; w.efj
yefclOf;vAif;rfgbwif;idkef; 1 oFef wMby.ufj
rdlOf;cdkef;=def;-eB,OfU/
ulef;odkuf;ulef;rldif; n.efuefnmrf;OMj-
uMjylefUrM;uljy.ufj ayM;yAefymifwdkuf; odkuf;
rmefjvdkyfjodkuf;wB;v.efUv.efU/ ymifwdkuf; 2-
3 ymifeBUodkuf;wB;vdkyfjodkuf;rmefj? OBm;Oef;
vkufUzdkefU vdlefar@ 21 Oef; (2009) rM;
[kyfj,dkwf;vBju.ifjrmefjr.ufj 30 yBm rmefjwBm
20 yBm yM;qefUckefodkuf;vlif tvj qefU
qOfj[mef? [Awf;{j[Fif;qfgulef;odkuf;cdkefjtwU
twU-eB,Ofh/
ylefUrM;r.ufjOef;xd 19-20_07_09
uFrfq.rf[mef ausMbqmefbrsdefU n.ef=Of+ifU
ymifukrf zlju.ef;wyfUu.ifodkuf;rmefj qdlOf;yuf;
wyfUukrf;,dyf; eMjvdefefg;tqjOAif;au;oD;
rldif;udkif vBm;cMj? wDjiOfjikef;ukrf;urfzFefumef
odkuf; (quc 2) rdlif;e.if/ nkyfbukrfuefv.ifj
zFefumefnmef;avMbwdkuf;wyfUodkuf;qdkifjwB;
y.wf;qmef;/ awqfgU[Fif;odkuf;wMb 2 ydOfb[Mb
(1 ydOfb[Mb 3 wyfUu.if) wif;rlwf; 6 wyfUu.if/
Ph
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l6bxyjokh @Q
10 Vol. 26, No. 257, 2009
L
zdkefcmOfbrdlif;ndif;uvAwfj uM@WAef@
,l@ac@ (Guardian UK) n.ufbcmOfbrdlOfj
(07_07_09) OMj-wyfUodkuf;qdkifjwB; (SSA)
vBjvlif;vBm;rdkOf;ruf;rBm v.ifjcOfjqfg MoU
(Memorandum of Understanding) aw
nrfbuAyf;odkuf;vkufjn.efb/ qOfjodkuf;u.ef;
qdkefj (zlju.ef;eMjvdefodkuf;uAif;wkif) yAef
auMUvlif;vBm;rdkOf;q.rf;uefwif; c'dwfUo
wAef@ tn@vAwfU (Christian Elliot)
nefwmifwlOfqkrf;omefcwf;cMjvdyf; (Anti-
Slavery) tvj okefumifwlifUedkifwMbvkufj
n.efbvkrfjZMU (IOCC) International Op-
erations Center for Children) nef
ugMb=yfUxlyf;ref;qOfj-OMjeB/
q.rf;eifbvkrf;YwM;'MqOwfjvkrfjZMU
ICC (International Criminal Court)
wwf;ruf;OBUv.ifjuAyf;odkuf;eefU ayM;uAyf;
ulef;ekrfb nMb,kvAufUvdlOf 18 yD zdwf;ydlif
uAyf;odkuf;? ayM;vAufUvdlOf 15 yD zdwf;rBmrDj
'MqOwfjodkuf; (War Crime) /
wyfUodkuf;qdkifjwB; vlif;vBm;rdkOf;
nrfbuAyf;odkuf;vkufjn.efb
qOfjodkuf; u.ef;qdkefj vlif;vBm;rdkOf;v.ifjnrfbuAyf;vkufjn.efb[Awf;okduf;
efg;iOfjikef;ukrf;urf zFefumefodkkuf;
(quc 2) nefyuf;iOfjikef;wDjrldif;e.if
wif;rlwf;rD; 12 wyfUu.if/ cv, 9 b 12
vB.vFrf? cv, 64b cr, 515 vBm;cMj?
cv, 66b 247b cr, 516 erfUqmif?
cv, 248b cr, 518 rldif;eBm;? cr,
513 ymifvlif? cr, 514 rdlif;udkif? cr,
517 rldif;y.ef/
wyfUodkuf;nefqdkOfj,fgb v.ifjuAyf;odkuf;
vkufjn.efbefg;rldif;rmefjrD;vBmqkrf;/ rD;cyfUrBm
wifjtwberfokwf; xdkifanbokwf;rdlefeifb-
1U wyfUodkuf;rmefj (uAyf;odkuf;nMb,k 12-
17)/ efg;odkuf;vkufUzdkefU 2U wyfUodkuf;rldif;
OMUz.rfU=rfj (UWSA) 3U wyfUodkuf;cmif
v.wfjvFOf; KIA (uAyf;yM; vkufjn.efb,dif;)?
ulpf;uMj 4U wyfUodkuf;qdkifjwB; y.wf;qmef;
(SSA-S) wif; wyfUodkuf;ylwf;yB.bqdlOfUqmwfj
,mif;zdlufb KNLA (yMjwfgj=rfjwkrfqdlOfU
qmwfj,mif;zdlufb KNU) cOftwU rD;ayMbv
oDbOBU v.ifjnrfbuAyf;odkuf;vkufjn.efb nM,k
18 vlif;wfgj? ulpf;uMj ayM;OMjrD;erfUqfgcOfj
rM; [if;ulpf;twU[yfU,lb-OMjeB/
uAOfbuyf;v.ifjeBU zljwB.b+ufjwdwf;awMb
w.ifjxmrf qOfjodkuf;u.ef;qdkefj w.yfbOMjqfgj
twU? ref;qOfjvlif;vBm;rdkOf; vBjvdlefyBm?
v.ifjnrfbuAyf;odkuf;vkufjn.efb nMb,k 18
vlif;wfgjeBU u.yfjayMbvoDbwyfUodkuf;rD;OBU/
wyfUodkuf;qdkifjwB;y.wf;qmef; rD;yldif
ayMbvoDb nrfbuAyf;odkuf;vkufjn.efb rM;wifj
twb 2001 / ❑
uFrfq.rf[mef ausMbqmefbrsdefU eBU rM;
yAefzlju.ef;iOfjikef; ukrf;urfzFefumefodkuf;
(quc rl;) vBjr.ufj 2 yD/ auMUuOfb omef;nl;
vBjcdkefjqefU OBm;qkrf;rldif;qdkefj cOfOmif;cdlifj
ql; efg;yD 2006 ao ugMbyAefzlju.ef;=if;Zdkuf;
o.efarbrsAOfU/
vFifbcmOfbefg;ydkefUwDjy.ifbrM;xFifjOMj-
ymifwdkuf;Oef;xd 15_07_09 eefh odkuf;rmefj
nefrmwfbqAyf; yBmjv.wfjugMb rldOf;wBmz.ifj?
awMbxkdifOef;xd 20_7_09 =rfjyM;nefwBm
efg;ymifwdkuf;wif;rlwf;nrfb,.rf; 19 auMU-
OMjeB/
zljvAyfj[Aef;cOfxwf;omifOMj ],.efU
qdkOfjoAifwluf;? vk,fgbwBmerf okrf;u.ifj_ulef;?
wkrfhwldOfhoa'bvBjnluf;nBmtvj odkuf;rmefj
awOmif;zFef[mifj[Fef; ckdef;avMbwdkuf;wyfU
odkuf;qdkifjwB;xFifj}-OMjeB/
efg;wyfUodkuf;qdkifjwB; ZmifUwdlefqldOf;
,lbeMjokduf;OMj- ayM;rmefj ,AefwAwfbedrfOBh
eBh cFef;xkufbvBjZmifU[Fif;-OMjeB/ ¾
l6bxyj,krokhS+
Ph
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Shan Herald Agency for News 11
INDEPENDENCE
vFifbcmOfbqrfqfgzljerf; qkrf;wB;udkwf;
odkuf; SSA y.wf;+ifbauMUedkifj ndifnmifjugmrf;
vmwfjzljerf;qefUokifqOfjedkifj vmwfjte
OMj ]wMbvFufjvBmj[Awf;wyfhyfgUvFefvdefeefh
nrfbyM;qkrf;[Of;? ,.efUeMjvdef[Of;ukrf;,dyf;
nrfbwdwf;qyf;vFefvdefrldif;[drf;+rf;/ qkrf;
[Of;,lbefg;ulifrldif;tvj odkuf;rmefjrdyfb{j[Awf;
yDbwkqdwfU}-OMjeB/
odkyfbvmwfjxFifjOMj- ]qkrf;qdlOf;nrfb
yM;efg;zFefumefodkuf;rmefj {jvFufjvBmj[Awf;
wyfUyfgUvFefvdefeBU vdlOfao SSA y.wf;+ifb
,OfU rD;xFifjqkrf;ynlOf; PNO nef n.ifb
crf;xDb n.ef=Of wif; qkrf;cmifrdlif;wB;
wyfUodkuf;qdkifjwB;y.wf;+ifb
xkufbrdyfb[Awf;yDbwkqdwfh nrfbqfgjwyfhyfgUvFefvdef
KDA}-OMjeB/
zljerf;qkrf;wB;udkwf;odkuf; qOfjedkifj
vmwfjtevFifbcmOfbOMj- ]qkrf;[Of;nrfbyM;
efg;zFefumefwyfUyfgUvFefvdef aowMUauMj
[Of;vBjxkufbqkrf;odkuf;rmefj +ifUugMbwDjvkrf;
u.ef;wdlif;odkuf;qAifb+ifbOef;n.ufb (vMjoAOfj)
ao rdyfbwAuf;{jvFufjvBmj[Awf;yDbwkqdwfU/
uOfcMj[efxdkiftwU wyfUyfgUvFefvdef wif;
wyfUyDbwkqdwfU nrfbydlifjoifuef/ wyfUyfgU
vFefvdefeefU yAefugmrf;[mifjvDulpf;? awvBj
,lbwfgjz.if;vlifZBmbuFwfbtc qkrf;odkuf;rmefj
,dyf;ukrf;eifbuefullpf;}-OMjeB/
rdlOfj 03_06_09 zljerf; wyfUodkuf;
qdkifjwB; SSA y.wf;+ifbvBjugMb=yfUx.rfb q.rf
odkuf;t,;rsdefU =OfeMjZBmb=rfbvlrfjodkuf;
MAS wDjvMjoAOfj/ {jtr;c.wfbz.wfjyAef
wyfUyfgUvFefvdef nefwdkuf;olef;_,dkefjugmrf;
cmwfbOBU/ cOfqOfjw.yfbvmwfjOMj- Oef;rdlOfj
eBU ,if;yBbwFyf;wwf;vBj/ u.yfjydlOfj zljrD;
qefU zlju.ef;odkuf;ZBmbwfgj qdlOf;yAef ulef;
ekrfbcOf ,if;yBbcOfjqfg nrfbcfgj[yfU? ql;qfg
twU cfgjyfgUOBm;umefvdlufjwifj 2010 rdlOfjvfg
[email protected]'@oD@rD;rM; qifbuB.j
cdkef;tr;nkyfbuefxFifj-OMjeB/ ¾
zljerf;qOfjedkifj auMU,mrfj[myfbudkwfU
umefodkuf;efg; SSNA nefqOfjodkuf;vlif
umef;,.wfjn.ef=Of (rdlOfjvAOf[myfbudkwfUumef
odkuf;efg;wyfUodkuf;qdkifjwB; SSA y.wf;qmef;)
vmwfjOMj- ]rdlOfjvAOfrD;cmOfbvdkOf;OMj =OfyOfj
vlif q.rf[mefqOfjvB.rmOf; =OfyOfj SSA y.wf;
+ifb qmifj,.rf;[yfU acMjwdkuf;olef;rmefj?
awOmif;cdlifj nrfbeef awwluf;vlif;qkrf;
odkuf;rmefj/ wmifbauMUwmifbqOfjtwU ykwf;
cmwfb? ulpf;uMjqOfjvB.rmOf;twU oBmiBmwMb
,.rf;rmefjrD;erf}-OMjeB/
]uAOfbuyf;v.ifjeBU uOfcMjOMj nrfbyAef
vBj? u.yfjOMjylefUrM;rdlOfj 2003 qOfjoBmrlOf
zlju.ef;wyfUqkrf; 3 (ymifoOf;nkrfbrk) vufU
v.rfnmifjwluf;vlif; qkrf;odkuf;rmefj? nmifj
Omif;cdlifj[Awf;yDbwkqdwfU? rD;cmOfbOMj qOfj
oBmrlOfvBjv.rf=yfUxlyf; q.rf[mefausMbOdef;
zljerf;wB;qOfjedkifjxwf;omif
qOfjvB.rmOf; wdkef;nrfb,.rf;rmefjiBmjiBmj
uFrfwyfhq.yfbcmOfbodkuf;rmefj (qkrf;cdefbpkefU)/
ayM;vBjidef;cmOfbauMj qOfjvB.rmOf;wif;vkufj
e.ifUnrfbvBmauMUeFwfjugMbwDj ymifoOf;nkrfbrk
rdlOfj 08_04_03 xwf;xmrfqOfjoBmrlOf urf;
odkOfj[wf;[wf;[mef[mef v.ifjnmifj[uf;vif
wyfUodkuf;? qOfjoBmrlOf rD;vkufje.ifUerfauMj
zdlOfbaww.yfbxAif orfU,.rf;[yfUwmif;zdwf;/
qOfjvB.rmOf; wFifbwifj qOfjokduf;vMUrsdefU
yAefzlju.ef;wyfUao n.efnOfqOfjoBmrlOf
rdlOf;wmif;Omefj[B; qfgUekifjvdlifyFwfj/
odkyfbvmwfjOMj- xdkifrM; 21_05_03
wyfUodkuf;qdkifjwB; SSA y.wf;+ifb [Awf;Oef;
vkufUzdkefUcdkufU,fgbwDjoFifuFOfU? ,.ifja,M;
wmif;uwfUcFefb[wf;imef qOfjvB.rmOf;eefU
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wlOfxkifUrmOf;r.yfjyef/ u.yfjeeftvj wMb
qOfjvB.rmOf;aw,.rf;rmefjiBmjiBmjnrfbrD;? qdlOf;
qdte;OMj qOfjvB.rmOf; aw,.rf;yefrmefj
eefU {jOlefUwlpf;v.ifjeBUvDvD-OMjeB/ ¾0;yh]w:,K;yr
12 Vol. 26, No. 257, 2009
L
rdlOfjOef;xd 08_07_09 q.rf[mefausMb
zAOf; zlju.ef;wdlif;odkuf;omrfqAifb (uAif;wkif)
ndufbqkrf;qdlOf; =rfjulef; 10 yBm wMbuM; 4
vrf; ugMbrldif;vM;? =yfUnkyfb=OfyOfj qOfjqBm;
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erf;vBmvBmauMUao wdkuf;olef;{j NDAA
[yfU_z.rfUq.rf;v.ifjtr; c.wfbz.wfj[Awf;wyfU
yfgUvFefvdef (BGF) / teeMjwdlOfjOMj-
]qkrf;cmif NDA-K oclifbwAifbpAif;cOf ayM;
z.rfU,OfU? olqOfj,Mbqfg,fgbydkifjndifydlefj
eFefbzFOf? nefudkwf;odkuf;rM;auMj nrfbudkwf;
vdlefvAOfOef;vAOfuef? wDjzfgwDjref;} OMjeB/
q.rf[mefausMbzAOf; vmwfjzmwfjzdwfj
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ayM;vDeBU olqOfjauMj=UvD / [Of;twUyAef
odkuf; uMjvBj[Awf;q.rf;acMjqdoifb? ,myfb
,Aef;cmefqfgqdlifU[dkOfauMj wuf;vBj[Awf;q.rf;?
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w.efjauMj rldif;vM;nrfbyefoif/
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[yfU? yBbz.rfUvBj wMb[Awf;wyfUyfgUvFefvdef?
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nOfrM;tobolef;,.ufjr.efbqFufbtz[Of; {j
imufj,mefqkrf;ymifomif;ulpf;}-OMjeB/
e.ufjaoeefU ZmifUuFrf;uefOMj- nef
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[Of;awnrfbwuf;oAif ,lbwAwfbwAwfbao
cwf;qfgyluf;y.ifeMjvdef[Of;ugMb-OMjeB/ ¾
ZBmb=rfbvlrfjodkuf;rmefj MAS vkrf;
iOfjikef;wdlif;odkuf;omrfqAifb (uAif;wkif) qd
oifbqefUwfgjqdlOf;uAOfbc.ifjrdlOfjOef;xd 22_
07_09 OMj-{jwFrfjrBm acMjrkef;OAif;rldif;vM;
(eMjvdef NDAA-ESS qkrf;rldif;vM; nef
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zFefbvdefOBUvDimrf;? {jolifbyefiOfjikef;
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tvj erfUymef;/
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q.rfrlef; efg;OAif;uAif;wkifauMj[efrD;odkuf;erf/
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cdlifju.ifjvlifrM;ykwfj yuf;wFef;tvj nOfodkuf;
qFufbugMbclef;cOf;,lbq.rf; wyfUeefUwyfUeBU
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edlOfvB.erfeFefb? ydlOfjwMbt[Uuifjodkuf;OMU
wif;odkuf;wB;-OMjeB/ ¾
odkuf;rmefjqdoifbwFrfj[mifjeMjvdefwyfhodkuf;rldif;vM;
Shan Herald Agency for News 13
INDEPENDENCE
OMUy.wf;qmef;+ifUymifukrfcdkufUcufU
vFyfjuAOfbc.ifjv.ifjqfgU[Awf;wyfUyfgUvFefvdef
rdlOfjylefUrM; r.ufj 13-14_07_09
ZBmbq.yfbcmOfbqkrf;odkuf;rmefj (MAS) uAif;
wkif-rdlif;,mif; cdkef;tzjcmOfbvmwfjteefg;
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,OfU? rdlOfjvAOf umyfjymef,dyf;u.ifjumifbudkwf;
odkuf;nOfv.ifjuwf;,Aef okwf;oAifj,OfU/
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nmef;[Awf;{j qkrf;udkwf;odkuf;cOf ,.rf;[yfU?
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aw=rfjueftr;c.wfbz.wfjwyfUodkuf;ao yluf;
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odkuf;rmefjclefUugmrf;uOfb yB.bcmOfbyefwmif;vdlufj
wdkuf;olef;_,dkef;ugmrf;cmwfb nefq.rfodkuf;
t,;rsdefU =OfeMjZBmb=rfbvlrfjodkuf; (MAS)
,mrfjvmwfjwDjqkrf;udkwf;odkuf; rdlOfj[mifvdlef
an@y\dlOf@ 2009 /
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umefwyfUyfgUvFefvdefc.if qkrf;odkuf;rmefjeBU
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qmwfjqdkifjwB; SSNA Omif;cdlifjrD; 2 v.ifj-
(1) yAefqkrf;vAufUaourfudef;rdyfbiFef;vBj?
(2) rD;vkufjar;=def;a,;clOf;c.ifefg;cl;efg;OAif;
(3) rmefj=Uv.uf;nlefj_wmif;zdwf;cOf/ rdlOfj
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,.rf;vM;vM;? nefnmifj,.rf;yAefqOfjoBmrlOf/
urf;vdkef;okwf; rsdefUvBmb +ifUqOfjuefbe
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cdlifjiBmjiBmj/
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wmif;vdlufj 3 wmif;- (1) +ifUulef;olqdlOf;
cOfjxdlefby.ufjrM;cdkef;yBm;efg; 10-15 Oef;?
(2) ,.rf;[yfUzdwf;nef[kyfjvBj=if;wlrfj,Mj
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(3) Omif;cdlifj qdlOf;eBUtvj urf;vdkef;auMj
Omif;cdlifj/ ¾
rdlOfjOef;xd 08_07_09 wyfUodkuf;rldif;
OMUz.rfU=rfj (UWSA) eMjvdefodkuf; 171
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odkuf; 171 / rD;zljrD;qefU zlju.ef;odkuf;
cOfj=rfjymifukrf 50-60 ? nkyfbuefwif;Oef;
nrfb,OfU odkyfbnkyfbyM;umifcrfjxFifj? umifefg
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eMjvdefodkuf; 171 {j[yfUv.ifjtr;c.wfb
z.wfjyAefwyfUyfgUvFefvdef/ u.yfjOMj wdlif;
odkuf;omrfqAifb[efxdkifOMj- wyfUodkuf;OMU
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n.ufb UWSA y.wf;+ifb (ymifomif;) vBjao
OMUy.wf;qmef;+ifUymifukrfcdkufUcufU
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ausMbzAOf; -zlju.ef;wdlif;odkuf;omrfqAifb (uAif;
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OMjtwU yAef[dkOfauMj,OfU efg;yD 2009 eBU
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eMjvdefodkuf; 171 rD;wyfUqkrf; 772b
775b 778b 248b 518 ? wyfUqkrf;qdlOf;eBU
ZBmbwfgjrD;wyfhu.ifxFifjvBmvBmwyfhu.if/ zlju.ef;
wyfUqkrf; 772 wMUqlif;? wyfUqkrf; 775
,mifauMbqlif;? wyfUqkrf; 778 wMUrmef;?
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OBm;tr;c.wfbz.wfjyluf;wifjrfgb qifb,dyf;ukrf;
yM;-eB,OfU/ ¾
14 Vol. 26, No. 257, 2009
L
rdlOfjOef;xd 19_07_09 zlj[ufUqmwfj
efg;uAif;rBbvBmvBmqkrf; =rfjuef[Awf;wmif;vD
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y.ef nefvBjxkufbulef;[BmU,dkOf; efg;ymifukrf
q.rf;q.rfodkuf;n.ifbomef; rdlOfj 19_07_1947
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Shan Herald Agency for News 15
INDEPENDENCE
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16 Vol. 26, No. 257, 2009
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Shan Herald Agency for News 17
INDEPENDENCE
d.K,yro,yr
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18 Vol. 26, No. 257, 2009
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Shan Herald Agency for News 19
INDEPENDENCE
d.K,yr9C9yh
]K9yh,5boyS9C,yhzy.,oyr/ 9K'yrp5j]:9yh9wr
Speak universally, Write locally: The Shan path to survival
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Ceremic �������� �� � -¤5b;ytFv'ytfboyHz;y -5b'yh]boyz;y g,\jv5;yrg,\jcmj2
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Ceremony ! "⌫ zbmuH zbmur AA
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Certain #�$% #���� cotdw\H/ coto:oyH cot0y./ coto:oyr glj-\kj
Certificate '��'��� [wHixyr¤:'yH ;y.sxyts<'yr ]bdyhd,ytmC,y
Certify ��'��� ixyr¤:'yH sxyts<'yr 9wrdwT;kh J]xyt]:'yr"/
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20 Vol. 26, No. 257, 2009
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d.K,yrl:oy,5b'yrx5boyh
Z,wK9:'yr doy #$S$* v,yj]whly.jxkr?X
What is in the end to be weakenedBegins by being first made strongWhat is in the end to be thrown downBegins by being first set on high
Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching, Chapter 36
gxkr {x5b'ylzkj;owt} g9v;y Zl,yjX lb'yj]y.v:oyjcvr/ 9dyrsy>h,oyr-C'ysC'yrd:oyj
gxkrg9v;ylb'yj]y.m6b,yh]5'yr/ 9dyrp6dyTsy>h,oyrl6'yd:oyj
];yj06b;yj xxty 9;ty95b;yd\b'yr doy $(
nDbrAwfj,Awfjrkefqmif;/
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Dried mustard for the monkBarbecue meat for me
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Shan Herald Agency for News 21
INDEPENDENCE
ia7;vmwJhay;pm
okd@ - o#rf;oHawmfqifht,f'Dwm
ppftpdk;&.a0g[m&rsm;ESifh ygwfoufaom tac:ta0:tokH;tE_ef;rsm;ta=umif; ±Sif;vif;jyyg&ap?
ay:wmqGJjcif;/ ay:wmxrf;jcif;/ ay:wmvkdufjcif;/ vkyftm;ay;jcif; / tcrJ hvkyftm;ay;jcif; / paomtac:ta0:tokH;tE_ef; a0g[m&rsm;onf jynfwGif;Yomru urBmhtwkdif;twmtxdvlolwumtvGefw&m pufqkwfrke f;wD;aomemrnfqkd; emrnfysufjzifhausmf=um;vSonfh a0g[m&rsm;jzpfygonf? xkdtokH;tE_ef;a0g[m&rsm;ukd ppftm%mykdifrsm; (rqvacwfwGifygwDaumifpD - ,ckrsufarSmufumv etz) jyifqifajymif; vJukpm;vkdaomoabm±Sdovm; rajymwwf? 1979-80avmufujzpfygvdrfhrnf?
ay:wmtxrf;orm;rsm;tm; (w&m;aomppfatmifEkdifa&; twGufwyfrawmfESifh &ifabmifwef; ulnDaqmif±Guf ae=uaom- a±S@wef;vkyftm;±Sifrsm;) [lI‚if;/ 2007-2008 ywf0ef;usif avmufwGifwzef/ vkyftm;ay; a0g[m&ukd EkdifiHawmftusKd;ðyvkyfief;[lI‚if;/ jyifqifokH;E_ef;tokH;ðy=u&ef òrd@e,fr,uOuUXrsm;&yfuGuf &,uOuUXrsm;tm; twdtvif;w&m;0if (offi-
cially) !$ef=um;cJhygonf?tac:ta0: a0g[m& tokH;tE_ef;rsm; rnfokd@yifajymif;
vJ !$ef=um;xm;apumrl us,fjyef@aomjynfolvlxktwGif;YpGJ+rJE_wfusKd;ae+yDjzpfaoma=umifhay:wmqGJonf/ ay:wmxrf;onf/ vkyftm;ay;onf[lIom qufvufac:wGifvsuf±Sdonf?vufawG@ tESpfom&um;twlwlyifjzpfonf? ukvm;}uD;ESifht&m}uD;/ wkyf}uD;ESifh avmyef;}uD;omuGmygonf?
pGrf;tm;±Siftcef;Yyg±Sdaomq&m}uD;qkdonfrSm etz .vufukdif'kwftzGJ@tpnf;wckjzpf.? ‚if;[email protected]&m;0iftac:(jynfaxmifpk }uH@ck difa&;ESif hzG H@òzd;a&;toif;) twkdaumuf(jynfckdifòzd;) jynfoltrsm;pktac: (}uH@zGwf) tzGJ@.òrd@e,ftwGif;a&;r–;ukd&nf!ef;ygonf?
ay:wmqGJjcif;/ay:wmxrf;jcif;/ay:wmvkdufjcif;/vkyftm;ay;jcif;/ tcrJhvkyftm;ay;jcif; paomtac:ta0: tokH;tE_ef;a0g[m&rsm;onf jynfwGif;Yomru urBmhtwkdif;twmtxdvlolwum tvGefpufqkyfrkef;wD;aom emrnfqkd;emrnfysuf jzifh
tac:ta0: tokH;tE+ef; a0g[m&rsm; ESifh ygwfoufaom±Sif;vif;csufausmf=um;vSonfh a0g[m&rsm;jzpfygonf? xkdtokH;tE_ef;a0g[m&rsm;ukd ppftm%mykdifrsm; (rqvacwfwGif ygwDaumifpD-,ckrsufarSmufumv etz) jyifqifajymif;vJukpm;vkdaomoabm±Sdovm;rajymwwf? 1979-80 ckESpfu jzpfygvdrfhrnf?ay:wmtxrf;orm;rsm;tm; ( w&m;aomppfatmifEkdifa&;twGuf wyfrawmfESifh &ifabmifwef;ulnDaqmif±Gufae=uaom-a±S@wef;vkyftm;±Sifrsm;) [lIvnf;aumif;/ 2007-2008ywf0ef;usifavmufwGifwzef/vkyftm;ay;a0g[m&ukd EkdifiHawmftusKd;ðyvkyfief; [lIvnf;aumif;/ jyifqifokH;E_ef;tokH;ðy=u&eftwdtvif;w&m;0if (Officially) tjzpf ®r@e,f r,uOuUXrsm;tm; n¸ef=um;cJhygonf? tac:ta0: a0g[m&tokH;tE_ef;rsm;rnfokd@yif ajymif;vJn¸ef=um;xm;=uaomfvnf; us,fjyef@aomjynfolvlxktwGif;Y pGJ+rJE_wfusKd;ae+yDjzpfaoma=umifh ay:wmqGJonf/ ay:wmxrf;onf/ vkyftm;ay;onf[lIom qufvufac:wGifvsuf±Sdygonf? vufawG@tESpfom&um; twlwlomjzpfonf? w±kwf}uD;ESifhavmyef;}uD;omuGmygonf?
pGrf;tm;±Siftcef;Iyg±Sdaom q&m}uD;qkdonfrSm etz.vufukdif'kwf tzGJ@tpnf;wckjzpfaom ‚if;wkd@. w&m;0iftac:(jynfaxmifpk}uh@ckdifa&;ESifhzGH@®z;a&;toif;) twkdaumuf (jynf-ckdif-®z;) jynfolrsm;tac: (}uHhzGH@) r[kwfbJ (}uHhzGwf) tzGJ@.®r@e,ftwGif;a&;r–;ukd&nf!ef;ygonf?
Ô Ô Ô
22 Vol. 26, No. 257, 2009
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AuA rS cGJxGuf+yD; ppftpdk;&ESifh typftcwf&yfpJumtxl;a'o 4 rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@ NDAA–ESS (National Democratic
alliance Army–Eastern Shan State ac: trsKd;om;'Drdku&ufwpfr[mrdwfwyfrawmf-ta±S@ydkif;o#rf;jynf) xlaxmifjcif; ESpf20 jynfhtcrf;tem;ukd rdkif;vm;XmecsKyfYusif;y&m te,fe,ft&yf&yfrSy&dwfowfrsm; pnfum;odkuf®rufpGm yg0ifyl;aygif;cJh=ua=umif;udsKif;wkHowif;&yfuGufuqdkonf?
“rE Wav;rSm±kH;pdkufwJh w±kyfjynfaumifppf0efvJvm w,f/rdkif;vm;rSm&if;ESD;ðr‡yfESHwJh w±kyfjynfuukrü%D 20 ausmf tjyifrlq,f/ yefqdkif;/ vm;±_d;/ usKdif;wHk/ wmcsDvdwf/ rdkif;avG/ rdkif;,ef;/r d ki f ;a,mif ; te,fe,ft&yf&y fu{nf honfawG wufa&mufvm=uw,f” - [k yGJ{nfhcHolwOD;u ajymjyonf?
*|efv 26 - 30 &uf usif;ycJhonfh tqkdygyGJawmfodk@typf&yfacgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfonfh SSA ajrmufydkif;typf&yftzGJ@ 'k- OuUX p0fudkifzSmh/ MNDAA udk;uef@tzGJ@ 'k-OuUX zkef=um;zl;/UWSA 0jynfaoG;pnf;a&; wyfrawmf 'k-OuUX ayguf,dk,D; ESifhucsif KIO / u&iftypf&yf(oHawmiftzGJ@)/ u,m;jynfrS typf&yftzGJ@rsm; yg0ifwufa&mufa=umif; ajymygonf?
“usKdif;wHkppfwdkif;±kH;u *sD0rf; (G-1) ppfOD;pD; yxrwef;Adkvfrª;oef;xGÉfodef;/ p&z (ppfzufa&;&m vkHòcHa&;wyfzGJ@) Adkvfrª;
SNLD OuUX ajcaxmufa,mifa&m*g aomufaq;ydk@zdk@cufcJo#rf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf OuUX cGefxGef;OD;
ykHrSefavhusifhcef;pdwfwkdif;us vkyfcGifhr&aoma=umifh (tod tm±kHa=umtm;enf;aom) ajcaxmufa,mifa&m*g jzpfaea=umif;SNLD ajymcGifh&yk*~Kdvf OD;pkdif;vdwfuajymygonf?
ykHrSefavhusifhcef; aumif;aumif;vkyfcGifhr&onfhtjyifaea&mifESifhavxkaumif;aumif;r&aomtvkHcef;Y taersm;aoma=umifhjzpfonf[k txl;ukq&m0efrsm;ajyma=umif; OD;pkdif;vdwfuajymygonf?
“OuUX}uD;&J@ ±Sd&if;pGJt±kd;*sD;aygif;a&m*g x w,fxifvkd@EkdifiHjcm;jyef txl;ukawGukd rdom;pkawGuoGm;wkdifyifw,f? 'gayr,fh todtm±kHa=umtm;enf;vkd@ jzpfwmvkd@qkdw,f” [kqkdyg
EdkifiHa&;
onf?jyifytxl;uk q&m0efrsm;ESifhjyo&ef tm%mykdifrsm; cGifhr
ðyaoma=umifh aq;aomufae&a=umif; qufajymygonf?“aq;ykd@ay;r,fvkyfawmhvJylwmtkdukdoGm;r,fh av,mOf
u wpfpD;rSr±Sdjyefbl;? ±SdwJhav,mOfawGvJ ppftm%mykdifawG/ 'grSr[kwf pD;yGg;a&;vkyfief;±Sif}uD;awG pD;vkH;iSm;xm;w,f xifw,f?usaemfwkd@jynfolvlxkawGokH;zkd@ tcGifhtvrf;r±Sdbl;” [kqkd.?
axmif0ifpmoGm;awG@zkd@tcuftcJ±Sdonfhtjyif aomufaq; ykd‹zkd‹ygcufaeojzifh pkd;&drfae&onfh vuf±Sdtajctaejzpfa=umif; OD;pkdif;vdwfu ajymygonf? Ô
&efaemifpdk; OD;aqmifwJhtzGJ@bJ wufa&mufw,f? wdkif;rª;AdkvfcsKyfausmf®z;awmhrawG@bl;/ vufaqmiftjzpf (&efukef uefawmf}uD;yef;+cHu u&0dwfyHk) yef;csDum;wcsyfawmh ydk@vmw,fajymw,f”-[k yGJawmfwufa&mufol ajrmufydkif;o#rf;jynfom;wOD;uqdk.?
0jynfxlaxmifjcif;ESpf20 jynfhtcrf;tem;usif;ypOfuvnf; ppftpdk;&xdyfydkif;acgif;aqmifrsm;wufa&mufjcif;r±SdbJatmufajcwyfrª;tqifhomudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf apv$wfcJha=umif;/tvm;wl rdkif;vm;yGJawmfwufa&muf&ef emrnfESifhwuG zdwf=um;xm;aomfvnf; wufa&mufjcif;r±SdonfrSm w±kyfe,fpyftajcpdkuftypf&yfrsm;tay: tav;xm;todtrSwfðyr_r±Sdonfudkjyojcif;omjzpfa=umif; 0wyfrª;wOD;u o#rf;oHawmfqifhodk@ajymjyygonf? Ô
rdkif;vm;ESpf 20 jynfhyGJawmf odkufòrdufpGmusif;yw±kyfaumifppf0efwufa&muf
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Shan Herald Agency for News 23
INDEPENDENCE
e,fjcm;apmifhwyftoGifajymif;&ef rdkif;vm;tzGJ@xyfrHwdkufwGef;cH&*sLvdkif 8 &uf usKdif;wHktajcpdkuf}wd*Hwdkif;rª;AdkvfcsKyfausmf®z;
OD;aqmifonfh tiftm; 20 a,muf cef@ygppfum; 4 pD; rdkif;vm;odk@a&muf±Sd+yD; acgif;aqmifOD;pdkif;vif;/ twGif;a&;rª;OD;rif;tdrf/ acgif;aqmifydkif;tcsKd@ESifh awG@qHkpOf e,fjcm;apmifhwyftoGifajymif;&efxyfrHwdkufwGef;a=umif;/ “cifAsm;wdk@ 0 udk t&rf;tm;rudk;eJ@/ olwdk@tzGJ@uemrnfysufawG/ typf&yfwmvJ wcsdefwnf;&yfcJhwmr[kwf/toGifajymif;zdk@ olrsm;udkapmifhp&mrvdkbl;? NDA-K ucsiftzGJ@awmif oabmwl+yD;+yD/ cifAsm;wdk@vJ tjrefqHk;taumiftxnfaz:zdk@vdkw,f”- [k ajyma=umif; udsKif;wkHukefonftodkif;t0dkif;uqdkonf?
“0 udk odyftm;rudk;eJ@/ olwdk@awGu emrnfysufawG qdkwmu rl;,pfaq;0g;eJ@ywfoufw,fvkd@qdkvdkwmaerSmaygh/ t"duuawmh e,fjcm;apmifhwyftjzpf tjrefqHk;ajymif;zdk@/ vlolvufeufpm&if;/ yifpif,l&r,fh touf 50 ausmf acgif;aqmifydkif;pm&if;awGudkay;ykd@zkd@ 'Dvukeftxday;xm;w,f- vdk@ajymoGm;w,f? 'gayr,fh olwdk@b,fvdkbJ zdtm;ay;vmay;vm usaemfwdk@
oabmxm;rajymif;vJEdkifbl;” - [k rdkif;vm;t&m±Sd wOD;uajyma=umif; tqdkygyk*~dKvfu o#rf;oHawmfqifhodk@ ajymjyygonf?
AdkvfcsKyfausmf®z;u - rdrdwkd@onfppfom;jzpfaoma=umifhtxuftrdef@udkyif emcH&rSmjzpfa=umif;/ rnfokd@yif cufcJjyif;xefygap rjzpfrae óud;pm;vkyfaqmifoGm;&rnfjzpfa=umif;/=o*kwfvtwGif; typf&yfrsm;. vlolvufeufpm&if;tm;vHk;aejynfawmfodk@wifjy+yD; pufwifbmv twGif; e,fjcm;apmifhwyftwGuf oifwef;pwifawmhrnfjzpfa=umif; - ajymqdkoGm;cJhonf[kqdkonf?
ppftpdk;&xyfrHzdtm;ay;vmaomfvnf; rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@.&yfwnfcsuf ajymif;vJr_r±Sd? ukd;uef@/ 0/ rkdif;vm;wdk@ qHk;jzwfcsufcsxm;onfhtwdkif; qufvuf&yfwnfoGm;rnfjzpfa=umif;/ rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@acgif;aqmifydkif;ykdif;.qENxuf a'ocHvlxkoabmxm;/&Jabmf/ au'grsm;.qENjzpfa=umif;/ ,ck}uH@}uH@cHqHk;jzwfxm;r_onfvnf;trsm;qENtwdkif;jzpfa=umif; aus;±Gmvlxkt}uD;tuJwOD;uvnf; ajymjyygonf? Ô
ppftpdk;&. e,fjcm;apmifh wyftoGifajymif;a&; tpDtpOfwGif typf&yfo#rf;jynfajrmufydkif; SSA tzGJ@ryg0if[kacgif;aqmifydkif;ESifh &if;ESD;onfh owif;&yfuGufqdkonf?
“e,fjcm;apmifhwyftoGifajymif;zdk@ usaemfwdk@tzGJ@rygbl;?usaemfwdk@xdef;csKyfwJh e,fajruvnf; tdrfeD;csif;wdkif;jynfawGeJ@e,ferdwfcsif;xdpyfraebl;av”- [k SSA typf&yft&m±Sd wpfOD;uajymonf[kqdkonf?
e,fjcm;apmif hwyftoGi fajymif;a&;tpDtpOfwGi ftypf&yfo#rf;jynfajrmufydkif; SSA tzGJ@/ ytdk0f;jzL ac: atmifcrf;xD PNO tzGJ@wkd@ryg0if[kqkd.?
“usaemfwdk@udk e,fjcm;apmifhwyfajymif;zdk@txJrSmrygayrJha'ocHjynfol@ppftjzpftoGifajymif;zdk@ajymw,f? usaemfhtjrif uawmhe,fjcm;apmifhwyfwdk@ jynfol@ppfwdk@qdkwmu bmrSrxl;jcm;ygbl;? ppftpdk;&vufatmufae&wm csif;twlwlygbJ? em;axmifaumif;atmif e,fjcm;apmifhwyfvdk@ajymwm/ trSefawmhppftpdk;&umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfvufatmufcHcsnf;ygbJ” - [k tqdkygt&m±Sduajyma=umif; ‚if;qdkpfhu qufajymjyygonf?
rnfodk@qdkapumrl typf&yfo#rf;jynfwyfrawmf SSA
ajrmufydkif; tzGJ@taejzifh 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;&opf ay:xGef;vmonf
e,fjcm;apmifhwyftoGifajymif;a&; o#rf;typf&yftzGJ@ryg0if
txdtajymif;tvJtvkyfcHrnfr[kwfa=umif; ajymqdkoGm;cJhonf[kqdk.?
ppftpdk;&. toGifajymif;r_az:aqmifa&;aumfrwD 'kAdkvfcsKyf}uD;&Jjrifh (p&z !efcsKyf)u vm;±_d; &rc ppfwdkif;±kH;odk@ t}udrf}udrfac:,l zdtm;ay;cJhaomfvnf; SSA acgif;aqmifrsm; vufrcHcJhay?tv,ftvwfwyfr–;rsm; atmufydkif;acgif;aqmifrsm; em;vnfvufcHjcif;r±Sdao;ojzifh tcsdef,lpnf;±kH;&OD;rnf jzpfa=umif;ta=umif;jyefxm;cJhonf? Ô
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24 Vol. 26, No. 257, 2009
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0 ESifh rdkif;vm;odk@ Armwyft&m±S drsm; oGm;aeawmhrnf[k}wd*Hwdkif;rSL;ajym
ZGef 29 wGif usKdif;wHktajcpdkuf }wd*Hwdkif;rª;AdkvfcsKyf ausmf®zrdkif;,ef;®r@odk@oGm;um rdkif;,ef;/ rdkif;cwf wyfwGif;t&m±Sdrsm;tm;ac:,lawG@qHk+yD;-“r=umcifusKyfwdk@vl (wyf&if;rª; 1 a,muf/ wyfcGJrª;2 a,muf/ wyfom;27 a,muf) v$wf+yD;olwdk@e,fajrxJ oGm;ae&awmhr,f? tJ'Dtcsdefrwdkifcif 0 wdk@ rdkif;vm;wdk@&J@v_yf±Sm;r_udkrsufajcrjywfapmifh=unfh&r,f?”- [k rSm=um;a=umif; etzt&m±SdtcsKd@ESifh&if;ESD;onfh owif;&yfuGufu qdkonf?
xdktajctaeESifhywfoufI typf&yft&m±SdwOD;u-“AdkvfcsKyf&JjrifhxH toGifajymif;a&;rjzpfEdkifa=umif;ta=umif;jyef+yD;aemufydkif;wdkif;rª;u usaemfwdk@qDt0iftxGufrvkyfawmh oavmufbJ? vufaqmifawGay;vJr,lawmhbl;/ cyfwef;wef;bJ?ol@udk,fpm; *sD0rf;wdk@usKdif;wHk p&zrª;wdk@ukdbJ wqifhcHajymw,f”- [k o#rf;oHawmfqifhodk@ ajymjy.?
typf&yftzGJ@rsm;u e,fjcm;apmifhwyf toGifajymif;a&;udpPrjzpfEdkifao;a=umif; w&m;0ifta=umif;jyefxm;aomfvnf;}wd*Hwdkif;rª;u tav#mhray;onfhoabm jyovdkjcif;jzpfa=umif;/xdkt&m±Sdu oHk;oyfjy.?
w±kyfe,fpyftajcpdkuf typf&yf+idrf;csrf;a&;ESifh 'Drdkua&pD
wyfaygif;pk PDF tzGJ@0if 4 zGJ@±Sdonfhteuf trsKd;om;'Drdku&ufwpfwyfrawmf - ucsif NDA-K u *|ef 24 &ufae@Y ppftpkd;&.e,fjcm;apmifhwyf toGifajymif;a&; tpDtpOfvufcHvdkuf+yDjzpfaomfvnf; 0 UWSA/ udk;uef@ MNDAA ESifh rkdif;vm; NDAA
wdk@u vufrcHEdkifa=umif; *|efvaemufqHk; tywfY ppftpdk;&xHtoD;oD; ta=umif;jyefxm;+yD;jzpfonf? Ô
rlq,f vli,fESpfOD;tm; Armykvdyf ypfowf*sLvdkif 7 &ufae@nydkif; =uLukwf-yefqdkif; ESifh(105)rdkif ukef
oG,fa&;ZHkoGm;onfh vrf;ay:±dS erfhawmif;aus;±GmY ypfcwfr_jzpfyGm;cJh+yD; rlq,f®r@vm;±d_;xrif; qdkifteD;zGifhvSpfxm;onfh Kenbo
qdkifu,ftydkypPnf; ta&mif;qdkifrS xGef;xGef;ESihfpdk;pdk; 0rf;uGJnDtpfudk ESpfOD; aoqHk;oGm;jcif;jzpfonf?
erfhawmif;aus;±GmtwGif; qdkifu,f u,f&Drsm;tm; apmifhzrf;avh&dSonfh &JwyfzGJ@0if(3) OD;ESifh tqdkygvli,fESpfOD;wdk@ qdkifu,fzrf;qD;jcif;cHxm;&onfhudpPESifhywfoufI ypfowfcJhjcif;jzpfa=umif;yefqdkif;a'ocH u o#rf;oHawmfqifhodk@ajymonf?
“xGef;xGef; touf(22)ESpfavmuf±dSw,f? pdk;pdk;u touf(30)ausmfavmuf&dSw,f xGef;xGef;u &ifbwfrSmESpfcsufxdw,fpdk;pdk;uyg;pyfxJaoewfajymif;iHkcdkif;+yD;ypfvdkufw,f? aemufbuf
uyGifhxGufoGm;wmaygh/ vGefcJhwJh&ufydkif;u &Juolwdk@qdkifu,f zrf;xm;wm±dSw,f tJ'goGm;nSdEd_if;zdk@ n 12 em&Dausmf &JawGaewJhtdrfwufoGm;vdk@tckvdkjzpf&wm” [k yefqdkif;a'ocH wpfOD;uajymonf?
olwdk@ESpfOD;onf rdk;ukwf®r@rS rlq,f®r@odk@ a&=unf&m rsufEk&majymif;a&$@I pD;yGm;a&;vkyfudkifaeolrsm; jzpfa=umif; od&onf?
“&Ju =um;ayguf tcGefaumufwJh *dwfawG 7 *dwf avmuf±dSw,f? tckjzpfwmu erfhawmif;rSm &Juolwdk@qdkifu,fzrf;xm;wJhudpPeJ@ywfouf+yD; &JaewJhtdrfudk n}uD;oGm;wufawmh [dkuypfcsvdkufwm &Ju 3 a,muf olwdk@u 2 a,muf”-[k rlq,fa'ocHaemufwOD;u ajymonf?Ô
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INDEPENDENCE
awmifydkif; 0 wyfzGJ@zJhxkwfa&;-yHkygusifAsL[mrSL;tm%mukef wm0efay;cH&
ajrmufydkif; 0 XmecsKyfatmufrSawmifydkif; 0 wyfzGJ@tm;pnf;±kH;zJhxkwf&ef rdkif;wHk®r@e,f yHkygusiftajcpdkufAsL[mr–; Adkvfr–;}uD;ausmfoltm; }wd*Ha'o etzppfwdkif;r–;u tm%mukefwm0efay;xm; onf[k e,fpyfowif;&yfuGufuqdkonf?
“ppftpdk;&u usaemfwdk@awmifydkif; 0 wyfzGJ@udkoD;jcm; zJhxkwfpnf;±kH;zdk@pDrHcsuf±Sdvkd@AsL[mr–;Adkvfr–;}uD;ausmfoludk wm0efay;vdkufwmvkd@od&w,f?*|efvup+yD; a[G@atmfh 0 wyfp cef;xJolt}udrf}udrfoGm;w,f”- [k awmifydkif; 0 t&m±SdwOD;u ajyma=umif;rdkif;wkHa'ocHwOD;u jyefajymjyonf?
rnfodk@yifqdkapawmifydkif; 0 [email protected];jzwfcsufrSm 2009ukeftxd 171 ppfa'o.&yfwnfcsuf ajymif;vJr_r±SdbJ yefqef;XmecsKyfqHk;jzwfcsuftwdkif; qufvufqkyfudkifoGm;rnf jzpfa=umif;trnfraz:vdkonfh 0 wyfr–;wOD;ESifhaqGrsKd;awmfpyfolwOD;uajymonf?
ppftpdk;&.oyfv#Kd®zcGJpnf;±kH;r_ukd a±SmifuGif;ausmfv$m;+yD;}uH@}uH@cH&yfwnfoGm;Edkif&efawmifydkif; 0 trSwf171 ppfa'o±Sd wyfr[mr–;rsm;/ wyf&if;r–;rsm; pHknDtpnf;ta0;w&yfac:,lcJhonf[kqdkonf?
“*sLvkdif 8 &ufae@ usaemfwdk@ tpnf;ta0;waeukefxdkif&w,f? ppftpdk;&bmbJvkyfvkyf olwdk@tydkif;/ usaemfwdk@uawmh yefqef;XmecsKyfqkH;jzwfcsuftwdkif; qufvuf&yfwnf oGm;r,fqdkwJhtcsufvJygw,f”-[k ‚if;uqufajym onf?
*|ef 6 - 7 &ufae@ yefqef;odk@oGm;a&muf+yD; e,fjcm;apmifhwyftoGifajymif;a&;vufcH&ef ajzmif;jzcJhaomfvnf; UWSA acgif;aqmifrsm; bl;cHjiif;y,f=uojzifh 'k-AdkvfcsKyf}uD;&Jjrifh vufcsnf;
AvmjyefcJh&onfudk &nf!¸ef;jcif;jzpfonf?trSwf171 ppfa'o awmifydkif; 0 wyfzGJ@vufatmuf wyf
r[mrsm;rSmwmhqkef;OD;aqmifonfhwyfr[m772/ ,efaumfusKH;OD;aqmifonfh wyfr[m 775/ wmhref; OD;aqmifonfh wyfr[m778/ wmheyfOD;aqmifonfh wyfr[m 518 ESifh wmhqef OD;aqmifonfhwyfr[m 248 wdk@jzpf=u+yD;/ wyfr[mwckv#iftenf;qHk;wyf&if; 3 ±Sdonf[k qdkygonf?
awmifydkif; 0 acgif;aqmifydkif;tcsKd@ v,f,mvkyfief;/ &mbm+cHvkyfief;/ arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;rsm;Y xdkif;bwfaiGoef;aygif;&maxmifcsD&if;ESD;jr‡KyfESHxm;aoma=umifh ppftpdk;&u tcGifhaumif;,l+yD;vkyfief;±Sif 0 acgif;aqmifydkif;rsm;tm; pnf;±kH;odrf;oGif;Edkifrnfhtvm; tvm±Sdonf[k rSwf,lyHk&a=umif; avhvmolrsm;uajymygonf? Ô
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AdkvfcsKyf}uD;a±$ref; orRw jzpfvmrnf?AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD; oef;a±$ ESifh 'k-AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD; armifat;wdk@ trsdK;om;vkHðcHa&;aumifpDtwGuf vrf;!¸efpDrHolrsm;jzpfvmrnf?'k-wdkif;rª;rsm;ukd 'k-a'otkyfcsKyfa&;rª;/ AsL[mrª;/ wyf&if;rª;rsm;udk 'k-c¶dkiftkyfcsKyfa&;rª;/ Adkvfrª; (odk@) Adkvf}uD;rsm;ukdòrŒe,ftqifhESifh aus;&GmtkyfpktqihftkyfcsKyfa&;t}uD; tuJrsm; tjzpftoD;oD; &mxl;ajymif;vJvdkufrnf//
(Irrawaddy) 24/6/09
2010 a±G;aumufyJGa[mudef;
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ppfa&;
*sLvdkif 15 &uf reufu rkdif;aemif®r@e,f rkdif;,kdif;tkyfpk0rfherfhzwfESifh 0rfhqmvJ±Gm=um; o#rf;jynfwyfrawmf atmifayhppfppfa=umif;u ppftpd k;&ppfwyf cr& 515 ppfa=umif;tm;ðcHcdkwdkufcdkufcJhonf[kqdk.?
“reuf 11;00-18;00 em&Dtxd wdkufyGJjzpfw,f/ cr& 515u Adkvf}uD;aumif;pHtygt0if'%f&mawGeJ@xGufajy;vGwf ajrmufoGm;wm 14 a,muf? tJ'DhtxJu 4-5 a,muf aq;±kHrSmxyfaow,f=um;w,f? wdkufyGJxJrSm 11 avmif;awG@&w,f? r#m;ac:cH&vdk@wyfxJa&mufvmwJh &cdkifvlrsKd;wa,mufvJ t±Sifzrf;rdw,f” [k SSA wyfr–;wOD;uqdkonf?
wdkufyGJtwGif; tzrf;cH&onfh&cdkiftrsKd;om; wyfom;odef;atmifonf ydkufqH 2 odef;&vdkjim; ppfwyfxJ0ifvm cJh&jcif;jzpfa=umif;/ ppfouf 4 ESpfausmf 5 ESpf&vmaomfvnf;wjym;rSr&a=umif;/ vpmaiGvnf; [dka=u; 'D a=u; vpOftjzwfcH&ojzifhvpmtjynfht0cHpm;onfhv wvrSr±SdcJha=umif; xkwfazmfajym=um;cJhonf[kqdk.?
“usaemfwdk@ol@udkoem;vdk@xrif;t0au|;/ t0wftpm;opfwpHkeJ@c&D;p&dwf usyf 1 odef;awmif xyfay;+yD;vGwfvdkuf+yD”[k tqdkygwyfr–;u o#rf;oHawmfqifhokd@ajymjy.?
wdkufyGJwGif ppftpdk;& t&mcHAdkvf 2 a,muf/ wyf=uyf}uD;3 a,muf/ wyf=uyf 2 a,muf/ wyfom; 4 a,mufwkd@. tavmif;rsm;ukd SSA u ppfaq;awG@±Sda=umif;/ odrf;qnf;&±SdonfhypPnf;rsm;rSm armfwm 1 vuf/ MA - 79 1 vuf/ MA -2 2 vufMA-1 2 vuf ESifh ‚if;.usnfrsKd;pHkta'gifh&mcsDESifh twl vufypfAHk; rsm;vnf;yg0ifa=umif; SSA ajyma&;qdkcGifhuqdk.?
“a'ocHvlxkawGudk ESdyfpufwJh ppftpdk;&&J@b,fppfa=umif;rqdk usaemfwdk@ o#rf;jynfwyfrawmfu tckvdkjyefvnfacsyrSmbJ/ vufeufudkif+yD; jynfoludk tEkdifusifh&if 'Denf;vrf;eJ@bJ umuG,f&vdrfhr,f” - [k SSA ajymcGifh &yk*~dKvf pdkif;qdkifrd%f;uajymygonf?
20§7§2009 &ufae@Y rdkif;aemiftajcpdkuf 'upr–; Adkvfr–;}uD;ausmfZHjrifhrS rdkif;aemif/ aus;oD;/ rdkif;udkif/ vJcsm;®r@e,ftwGif;tajcpdkufonfh cr&/ cv& wyfrª;rsm;tm;ac:,l+yD; ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;w&yfusif;ya=umif;/ o#rf;jynftv,fydkif;v_yf
SSA ESifh wdkufyGJwGif ppftpdk;&buf 10 a,mufausmfaowefjyef xdk;ppfqif&ef 'uprSL;zkwfylrD;wdkuf jyifqif
±Sm;onfhawmifydkif; SSA wyfzGJ@tm;tjyif;txefxdk;ppfqifwdkufcdkuf&ef ppfAsL[mESpfckjyifqifaea=umif; o#rf;jynftv,fydkif;owif;&yfuGufu qdkonf?
“'D wpfvESpfvtwGif;rSmjzpfcJhwJh wdkufyGJtm;vHk;udk ðcH=unfhr,fqdk&if Armwyfaoa=uusqHk;wmawmfawmfrsm;w,f?
vufeufawGvJtrsm;tjym;qHk;±_H;awmh t&rf;rsufESmysufwm aygh?tzwfjyefq,fzdk@tckvdkqHk;jzwfvdkufwmvJjzpfEdkifw,f”- [kppfa&;avhvmolwOD;uajymonf?
o#rf;jynftv,fydkif;Y v_yf±Sm;aeonfh SSA wyfzGJ@udkwdkufcdkuf&ef tokH;ðyrnfh AsL[m 2 ckrSm wpfAsL[mv#if wyf&if;3 &if;ygrnfjzpfa=umif;/ vwfwavmppftpdk;&. a±S@wef;xGufEdkifonfh wdkufcd kufa&;tiftm;rSm wyf&if;wpf&if;v#if 156a,muf±Sda=umif;/ SSA udk AsL[m ESpfckjzifhwdkufcdkufrnfqdkyguvltiftm; 1000 eD;yg; toHk;ðyzG,f±Sda=umif; o#rf;jynfwGif;ppfa&;avhvmonfh yk*~dKvfwOD;u ajymygonf?
rdkif;aemifajcpdkuf 'up 2 (trSwf 2 a'oppfqifr_ uGyfuJa&; XmecsKyf) vufatmuf±Sdwyf&if;rsm;rSm vGdKifvif t ajcpdkufcv& 9/ cv& 12 / vJcsm; - cv& 64/ cr& 515/ erfhZef(cdkvrf)cv& 66/ 247/ cr& 516 / rdk;eJ - cv& 248/ cr& 518/ yifvHk -cr& 513/ rdkif;udkif - cr& 514 ESifh rdkif;yGef tajcpdkuf cr& 517wdk@ jzpf=uonf? Ô
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Shan Herald Agency for News 27
INDEPENDENCE
oD&dvuFmudktm;us ppftpdk;& jynfol@ppfpkaqmif;ppfa&;avhusifh
wrD;vfusm;olykefudktjrpfjywfacsr_ef;EdkifcJhonfh oD&dvuFmtpdk;&uJhokd@ ArmhwyfrawmfwyfcsKyf}uD;vnf; wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@rsm;±Sif;vif;a&;twGuf tm;oGefcGefpdkufóud;yrf;&mwGif jynfol@ppftiftm;toHk;cs&ef pDrHcsuf±Sdaea=umif; o#rf;jynfta&;avhvmoltcsKd@u ajymqdkonf?
“o#rf;jynftESH@ jynfol@ppfawGaumuf+yD; ppfa&;avhusifhay;aew,f? ppftpdk;&udk,fwdkifa'ocHawGudkqifhac:w,f?wdkif;&if;om;vufeufcs/ jynfol@ppftzGJ@awGuaewqifhvJaumufcdkif;w,f” [k vm;±_d;rSukefonfwOD;uajymonf?
*|efvqef;ydkif;u txl;{nfhonfawmftjzpf oD&dvuFmorRw aejynfawmfodk@a&muf±SdpOf oD[dkVfu|ef;ajrmufpGef;ydkif;a'ooD&dvuFmtpdk;&ESifh t=urf;zufwdkufcdkufonfh wrD;vfusm;olykeftzGJ@tay:wdkufcdkufacsr_ef;EdkifcJhonfhenf;emudkajymjycJh&m ArmhwyfrawmfwyfcsKyf}uD;u wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkif wyfzGJ@rsm;/ typf&yfrsm;tm;acsr_ef;ypf&ef qENydkrdkjyif;jycJha=umif;/ jynfol@ppftiftm;jznfhwif; oifwef;ay;aejcif;rSmvnf; tqdkygudpPESifh ywfoufqufEG,fa=umif; ppftpdk;&xdyfydkif;acgif;aqmifESifh&if;ESD;onfh todkif; t0dkif;uqdkonf?
“usrwdk@vm;±_d;®r@e,f rdkif;a,mf/ rdkif;[uf/ rdkif;usufrSmAdkvfrGef;acgif;aqmifwJh ref@yefjynfol@ppftzGJ@ua'ocHa,mufsm;av;awGudk vdkufaumufaew,f? toufrjynfhvJ,lwmbJ? *|efvqef;ykdif;up+yD; Armppfwyfudkwokwf+yD;wokwfydk@ay;aew,f”-[kvm;±_d;rS ukefonfwOD;uajymonf?
oHvGifta±S@jcrf;rSm vm;[ljynfol@ppftzGJ@ 20 ausmf±Sdw,f? wcsKd@tzGJ@qkd&iftiftm; 100-200/wcsKd@vJ 20-30 u tp±Sdw,f? ±Sd+yD;om;awGtjyif jynfol@ppfta[mif;awGa&mxyfaumufwJhtopfawGyg qifhac:oifwef;ay;aew,f? tJ'Dvdk oifwef;rsKd; o#rf;jynftESH@bJ/ ppftpdk;&uol@ukdtmcHvmwJh wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@awGudkwdkufcdkuf&if oD&dvuFmtpdk;&vkdqif[mvpfjynfol@ppfawGudka±S@wef;uwufcdkif;wJhovdkvkyfrSmbJ?
e*dkuwnf;u tdrf=uufcsif;tdk;rnf;okwfcGyfcdkif;wJhay:vpD etzrSm±Sd+yD;om;? DKBA eJ@ KNU udkbJ=unfh”- [k o#rf;jynfta&;avhvmolwOD;u qdk.?
odk@aomfwrD;vfusm;olykefrsm;ESifh o#rf;jynfvufeufudkifwyfzGJ@tajctaerwla=umif;/ wrD;vfvlrsKd;rsm;rSm tdEdN,rSa&mufvm+yD; oD&dvuFmajrmufykdif;ukd udk,fydkifa'oxlaxmifvdkonfhvlrsKd;pkjzpfa=umif;/ wkdif;&if;om; vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@rsm;rSmrlrdrdbdk;pOfabmifqufykdif a&/ ajr/ a'otm; ppftpdk;&usL;ausmfe,fcsJ@vmjcif;tay: umuG,fwkdufckdufaejcif;jzpfa=umif;/jynfol@ppftiftm;toHk;cs+yD;typf&yfrsm; awmfvSefqJwyfzGJ@rsm;tm;wdkufckduf&efpDrHudef;rSm xifoavmufvG,fulrnfr[kwfa=umif;oHk;oyfajymqdkonf?
wrD;vfusm;olykeftay: oD&dvuFmtpdk;& tEdkif,lwdkufcdkufEdkifjcif; ta=umif;&if; 6 csuf±Sda=umif; -
(1) a'ocHqif[mvpfjynfol@ppfrsm;zGJ@pnf;I &yf±GmumuG,fa&;wm0ef,lapjcif;/
(2) odrf;ydkufEdkifaome,fajrrsm;Y oD&dvuFmwyfrawmftcdkiftrmwyfpGJvdkufjcif;/
(3) olykefaemufwef;okd@ txl;uGefref'd k olv#Kdrsm;xkd;azmufapv$wfI vSsKd@0SufaxmufvSrf;+yD; GPS (Global Posi-
tioning System) jzifh owif;ay;ydk@jcif;/(4) wrD;vfwdk@. aemufaz;ayguf (yifv,furf;ajc
wav#muf)ukd ppfa&,mOfrsm;jzifh 0ef;&Hydwfqdk@jcif;/(5) ppfajy; 'kuQonfpcef;rsm;tm; (olykeftrmcHrsm;
a&m¹yGrf;cdkvH_Edkifjcif;r±Sdap&ef) wdwdusus ppfaq;jcif;/(6) jynfolrsm; aoa=ujcif;ukd *±krljcif;tvsOf;r?SdbJ
av,mOfjzifhvnf;aumif;/ vufeuf}uD;rsm;jzifh qufwdkufypfvGwfusJcsjcif; - wdk@jzpfonf [kqdk.?
“oD&dvuFmtpdk;eJ@ qif[mvpf(oD[dkVfom;) awGqdkwmvlrsKd;wlawG/ wrD;vfvlrsKd;utdEdN,uvmwJhvlrsKd;jcm;/ txufuajymcJhwJhtcsufawGxJrSm tcsuf 4 uvGJ+yD; ppftpdk;&vJ twk,ltoHk;ðyEdkifzG,f±Sdw,f? wu,fvdk@w±kyfeJ@xdkif;uppftpdk;&awmif;qdkwJhtwdkif; aemufaz;aygufydwfay;&ifawmh wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkif wyfzGJ@awG&J@tajctae wrsKd;ajymif;oGm;Edkifw,f” [kEd_if;,SOfajymygonf?
oD&dvuFmtpdk;&onf Ak'<bmom0ifrsm;jzpf=uaomfvnf; Ak'<bkef;awmf}uD;rsm;tm;ESdyfuGyfacsr_ef;onfh ppftpdk;&tm;tquftoG,fðyjcif;udkyifðyvkyfcJh.? oD&dvuFmorRw jrefrmjynfodk@ a&muf±SdpOf etz ppftpkd;&u tar&duefa':vm 5 aomif;vufaqmifay;cJhygonf?Ô
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e,fjcm;apmihfwyftpm; ucsifa'ovkHòcHa&;wyf trnfeJ@zGJ@pnf;ay;zkd@ KIO u etz udk wifjyvkdufw,fvdk@ *sLvdkif 8 &ufae@ u jrpf}uD;em;òrd@rSm jyKvkyfwJh KIO ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@eJ@ etzukd,fpm;vS,fawG&J@ aqG;aEG;yJGrSm KIO bufuwifjyyg w,f?e,fjcm;apmifhwyf Border Guard Force (BGF) tpm; ucsifa'ovkHòcHa&;wyf Kachin Regional Guard Force (KRGF) tjzpfajymif;vJzGJ@pnf;a&;udk KIO bufuvkdvm;ae+yD;wyf&if; w&if;rSmetz t&m&S d 30 xnhfa&;tpm; KIO ppfom;oufoufeJ@omzGJ@pnf;cGifhay;zdk@ KIO bufu wifjycJhygw,f?
'ghtjyif KRGF ucsifa'ovkHòcHa&;wyfukd 2010 a±G;aumufyJGtvGef umvtxd 'Dtwkdif;&yfwnfcGifhay;xm;zkd@eJ@ a±G;aumufyJGuae xGufay:vmr,fh tpkd;&opfvufatmuf ucsifjynfe,f tpdk;& tzJG@ ay:vmwJhtcg KIO taeeJ@ tJ'Djynfe,ftpdk;&twGif; wkduf±kdufyg0ifcGifhay;zkd@udkvnf;awmif; qkdxm;wmawG@&ygw,f?
KIO &J@ awmif;qdkcsuf[m SSA o#rf;jynfajrmufykdif;wyfrawmfwyfzGJ@&J@ ZGef 23 &uf ae@ etzxHwifjywJhtcsuf awGeJ@ cyfqifqifwlae+yD; a&G;aumufyJGvGefumvtxd vuf±Sdtajcaetwkdif;qufxm;ay;zkd@ awmif;qkdxm;wmawG@&ygw,f?
typf&yfrsm; ESifh e,fjcm;apmifhwyfudpP trsm;jynfol ydkrdkodoifhxkdif;e,fpyf&Sd NMSP rGefjynfopfygwDuvnf; etz xH tvm;wlawmif;qdkcsufrsdK; wifjyxm;wmawG@&ygw,f? 'g[m tiftm;}uD;+idrf;tzGJ@awGjzpfwJh 0/ ukd;uef@eJ@rkdif;vm;tzGJ@awGu e,fjcm;apmifh wyfjzpfzdk@ vkH;0 vufrcHbl;vkd@ jiif;y,f+yD;wJhaemuf KIO
eJ@ tv,f tvwf oabmxm;&SdwJhtzGJ@ awGu/ 2 zuf vufcHEkdifwJh tqkdjyKcsuftopf wifvmwJhoabm jzpfr,fvkd@ tuJcwfawGajymygw,f?
typf&yfawG&J@owif;eJ@pyfvsOf;+yD; o#rf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyfrSOD;pdkif;vdwfu 'DvkdtoGifajymif;§rajymif; udpPtay: e,fpyf&Sd jynfoltrsm;pkeJ@&efukef/ rEœav;tyg0if òrd@}uD;awGrSm±SdwJhwkdif;&if;om; tzGJ@tpnf;awG txl;pdwf0ifwpm;apmifh=unhfaea=umif; ajymygw,f? 'DudpPudkòrd@jy jynfoltrsm;pkpdwf0ifpm;vmatmif/ wkdif;&if;om;tcGifhta&;eJ@ 'Drkdua&pDtcGifhta&;v_yf&Sm;r_b,fvkdqufpyfaeovJqkdwm jynfolawGt=um;ykdodvmatmif+idrf;tzGJ@awG/ wkdif;&if;om;ygwDawGtaeeJ@ tck tcsdefrSm tjyif;txefóud;pm;zdk@vdkaew,fvkd@vnf; OD;pdkif;vdwf uajymygw,f?
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Shan Herald Agency for News 29
INDEPENDENCE
vm;±_d;ta±S@buf AdkvfrGef;OD;aqmifonfh ref@yefXmaejynfol@ppfwyfzGJ@onf a'ocHvli,f&mcsD t"rRaumuf,l+yD;ppftpdk;wyfxHydk@aqmiftyfESHaea=umif; o#rf;jynfajrmufydkif;owif;&yfuGuf uqdkonf?
“t"rRqifhac:w,f/ wtdrfaxmif a,mufsm;av; 2a,muf ±Sd&if 1 a,muf,lwmbJ? *|efv u p+yD; tckxd ysOf;rem;aejynfawmfudkydk@ay;wm ta,muf 200 ausmfae+yD/ touf 18ESpf rjynfhwJhuav;awGvJ trsm;}uD;ygw,f” - [k trnfraz:vdkonfha'ocHwOD;uqdk.?
a,mufsm;OD;&nfenf;onfhtcsKd@±Gmrsm;Y ±GmvHk;u|wfaiGtm;pkI ppfom;opftwGufvliSm;ydk@ay;&a=umif;/ pm&if; yg+yD;t"rRaumufcH cH&onfh tcsKd@ydkufqH±Sdom;orD;rsm;udkrl w a,mufoHk;av;odef;jzif h rdrduav;tm; jyefvnf a±G;,l&a=umif;a'ocHrsm;u ajymygonf?
ref@yefjynfol@ppftzGJ@ a'ocHvli,frsm; t"rRaumuf,l+yD;ppftpdk;&wyfxHtyfESH
ref@yefXmaejynfol@ppfwyfzGJ@rS ppfom;opf t"rRqifhac:onfh aus;±Gmrsm;rSm - vm;±_d;®r@ta±S@buf rdkif;,ef;/ rdkif;a,mf/rdkif;[uf/ rdkif;=uufaus;±Gmtkyfpk/ refrwf/ zmwef@/ ruf+rD;aus;±GmtkyfpkESif h wef@,ef;®r@e,ftxd/ rd kif;&,f®r@a±S@ajrmufbufyavmifESifh o#rf;aus;±Gmrsm;jzpfa=umif; od&onf?
“o#rf;wyfzGJ@xJ0ifzdk@awmif usaemfwdk@om;udkrvGwfEdkifbl;? ESdyfpufwJh Armwyfudkaumufay;w,f qdkawmh ydkqdk;wmaygh”-[k uav;rdbwOD;uqdkonf?
ppftpdk;&t&m±SdwOD;. ajym=um;csufudk udk;um;+yD; trnfraz:vdkonfh ukefonfwOD;u - ref@yeftajcpdkuf AdkvfrGef;jynfol@ppfwyfzGJ@tm; typf&yfu&if DKBA tm; KNU udkwdkufcdkif;ouJhodk@ awmifydkif; SSA wyfzGJ@ESifh oGm;wdkuf&ef ac:,lrnf - [k qdk.?
tiftm; 4-500 ±Sdref@yefXmaejynfol@ppfwyfzGJ@onf1996 vufeufcscJhaom cGefqm. MTA rkef;wdkif;wyfrawmfrSjzpf+yD; txufaz: jyyg 3 ®r@e,fa'orsm;csKyfudkif&ef Xmaejynfol@ppftjzpf vufeufjyefudkifcGifhðyxm; cJhonf? acgif;aqmifAdkvfrGef;tm;vnf; AdkvfcsKyfcif!ef@u vlr_xl;cGefqkcsD;jr‡ifhcJhbl; onf?a'ocHrsm;ajymjycsuft& ta0rwnfhI ol@vufaxmuf(rdkif;a,mfo#rf;&yfrd&yfzwOD;.oruf) Adkvftm;vsJef tm; AdkvfrGef;u vkyf=uHowfjzwfcdkif;cJhonf[k qdkonf? Ô
vm;±_d; a'ocHwOD;u- “AdkvfrGef;tzGJ@uav;awG t"rRaumuf,l+yD; Armppfwyfudkydk@wm 2005 u wnf;u/ tJ'Dwkef;u ®r@ay:a±Smifajy;§udk&if0wfolawGrusefvdkufqGJawmh vm;±_d;uefrdkif;ausmif;wdkufq&mawmf eJ@ wmhyHk ausmif;wdkuf q&mawmfwdk@arwWm&yfcH&w,f? 'DESpfawmhr&awmhbl;? wcsKd@rdbawGidk,dkolwdk@uav;udkvl0wf vJcdkif;+yD; AdkvfrGef;tzGJ@udkoGm;tyf&w,f?usaemfodoavmufqdk 6-7 a,muf±Sd+yD” - [k qdk.?
yxr xdkif;EdkifiH&J@vuf±Sdtpdk;&[metz ppftpdk;&qDutultnDeJ@ ol@&J@!Gef@aygif;tpdk;&udk yHhydk;ae&?
'kwd, xdkif;t}uD;tuJawGtzdk@ppftpdk;&udkqef@usifwdkufcdkufaewJh tzGJ@tpnf;awGtay: t,Hkt=unfr±Sd?
wwd, xdkif;EdkifiHpD;yGm;a&;[m jrefrmjynfo,HZmwtay:tvGefrSDcdkae&?
pwkwÎ xdkif;EdkifiH[mjrefrmjynfeJ@ 2200 uDvdkrDwme,ferdwfcsif;qufpyfae?
Supalak Ganjanakhundee,
The Nation, 11 June 2009
ArmjynfEdkifiHa&; a±S@wdk;atmifxdkif;EdkifiH bma=umifhrwGef;ydk@EdkifovJ
AdkvfrGef;
ArmjynfEdkifiHa&; a±S@wdk;atmifxdkif;EdkifiH bma=umifhrwGef;ydk@EdkifovJ
30 Vol. 26, No. 257, 2009
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ppftpdk;& eSifh ±k±Sm;yl;aygif;onfh vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azgufr_ ta=umif;ytdk0f;vli,frsm; ±Sif;vif;yGJvkyf
awmif}uD;®r@ta±S@awmifbufwGif ±k±Sm;ESifh ppftpdk;&wkd@yl;aygif;+yD; owWKoef@pif puf±kHwnfaqmufaer_a=umifh a'ocHrsm;v,f,majrqHk;±_H;jcif;/ vl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azgufcH&jcif;rsm;ESifh ywfoufI *|ef 29 &uf 2009 ae@vnfydkif; csif;rdkifwuUodkvf IC EdkifiHwumcef;r ytdk0f;vli,frsm;owif;pm±Sif;vif;yGJðyvkyf&m vltiftm; 50 ausmf wufa&mufcJhonf[kqdkonf?
vkyfief;ukru"%DawG&yfqdkif;+yD;/ a'ocHawGepfemqHk;±_H;cJ hwJhtdk;tdrfv,f,mawGtwGuf xdkufwefwJhepfema=u;&zdk@ --usaemfwdk@ðyvkyf& jcif;jzpfw,f”- [k qdk.?
ppftpdk;&pDrHudef;u oH±kdif;wl;az:oef@pifpuf±Hk[k ajymqdkaomfvnf EsLuvD;,m;oHk; ,la&eD,Hwl;az:oef@pifonfhpuf±Hkwnfaqmufaeonfqdkaom owif;ysH@ESH@aea=umif;/ oufqdkif&mtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;apmifh=unhfppfaq;r_rsm; jyKvkyfEdkif&efvnf;yg0ifa=umif; qufajymygonf?
rqv tpdk;&acwf 1979 wGifvnf; AdkvfcsKyfae0if; !¸ef=um;csufjzifh OD;pdk;0if;OD;aqmifonfh owWK±SmazGa&; tzGJ@wzGJ@ yif;yufawmifa=umYpcef;cs+yD; ,la&eD,HvSsKd@0Suf±SmazGr_ðyvkyfcJhzl;a=umif;/ ,ckvnf;±k±Sm;ESifh ppftpdk;&yl;aygif;+yD;puf±Hk wnfaqmufvmojzifha'ocHvlxktzdk@ ykdrdkpdk;&drf&a=umif; ytdk0f;vli,ftpnf;t±kH;uqdkonf?
“tJ'DpDrHudef;pwifwJh 2004 uwnf;u v,f,majr trsm;tjym;todrf;cH&w,f? teD;w0dkufaus;±Gmu rdom;pkwcsKd@udkt"rRtdrf,majymif;a±G@cdkif;w,f? ±Gmom;awGtoHk;jyKwJhacsmif;awGvJydwfypfw,f? pdkufysKd;vdk@r&atmifvkyfw,f? aqmufvkyfa&;twGufvdktyfwJh ausmufwkH;ausmufcJawG twGufteD;w0dkufuausmufawmif/ausmuf urf;yg;awGrSm rdkif;cJGwJhtwGuf ausmif;ueftaqmuftOD;/ apwDykxkd;/ tufuGJukefw,f”- [k ajymcGifh&yk*~dKvf cGefcsef=unfu ±Sif;jy.?
xdkpDrHudef;a=umifh awmawmifudkrSDcdktm;xm;onfh a'ocHrsm; awmifay:wufcGifh r&awmhbJ r_d/ rSspf/ xif; ±SmazG&mY tcuftcJjzpfonfhtjyif uef@owfe,fajra=umifh vGwfvyfpGmoGm;vm&ef tcuftcJjzpf+yD; ±kd;&myGJawmfusif;ycGifhvnf; qHk;±_H;&a=umif;ajymygonf?
yif;yuf(ac: )vG,fyefyuf owWKwl;az:a&; pDrHudef; ae&monf oSsrf;jynf+rdK@awmfawmif}uD;+rdK@ta±S@ awmifbuf 7 rdkiftuGma0;+yD;/ teD;tem;aus;±Gm 25 ±Gm/ o#rf; ESifh ytdk0f; vlOD;a&7 axmifcef@aexkdifa=umif; ajymygonf?
tqdkyg&Sif;vif;yGJY t*Fvdyf/Armbmomjzifh pmrsufESm 59rsufESm±Sd “tem*wfudkvk,lzsufqD;jcif;” tpD&if cHpm (zwf±_&efhhttp://paoyouthorganization.blogspot.com) vnf; xkwfa0jzef@csDvdkuf+yDjzpfa=umif; od&onf?Ô
vlŒtcGifhta&;
ytdk0f;vli,ftpnf;t±kH; ajymcGifh&yk*~dKvf cGefcsef=unf u-“usaemfwdk@&nf±G,fcsufu yif;yufawmif (vG,fyefyuf) owWKwl;az:a&;vkyfief;a=umif h opfawmðyef;wD;r_/ obm0ywf0ef;usifysufpD;qHk;±_H;r_awGjzpfvmw,f/ a'ocHvlxk&J@ ,Ofaus;r_tarGtESpfawGukd umuG,fr_&atmif EdkifiHwumtiftm;pkawGteD;uyfapmifh=unhfppfaq;r_vkyfzdk@/ pDrHudef;xJyg0ifywfoufwJh
Shan Herald Agency for News 31
INDEPENDENCE
Adkvfoef;a±$. ppfa&;r[mAsL[m vdk%facgif;Adkvfoef;a±$. ppfa&;r[mAsL[m vdk%facgif;
ar; 'k-AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD;armifat;u wkdif;&if;om;udpP ajz&Sif;ay;zdk@ AdkvfcsKyf}uD;cif!Gef@ ukdcsOf;uyfw,fvkd@=um;&ygw,f? AdkvfcsKyf}uD;cif!Gef@ 0ifajz±Sif;ay;&ifajyvnfEdkifr,fxifovm;´//
ajz vHk;0rajyvnfEdkifygbl;?e*kduwnf;u olwdk@&J@ tusifholwdk@&J@pepfawGukd wkdif;&if;om;tm;vHk;em;vnfygw,f? “wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;aygif;pHka&m/ e,fpyfjynfe,faygif;pHkuyg ppftpkd;&tay:vHk;0udkt,Hkt=unfr±Sd ygbl;?
ar; AdkvfcsKyf}uD;cif!Gef@eJ@wkdif;&if;om;awG uwdu0wf±SdcJhzl;w,fqkdawmh wdkif;&if;om;awGbufuvdkufavsmEdkifrJh tajctae±Sdrvm;´
ajz tJ'gvJrjzpfEdkifygbl;? bmjzpfvdk@vJqdkawmholwdk@uAdkvfcsKyf}uD;cif!Gef@udkzrf;qD; ta&;,lxm;wm vlwdkif;odygw,f/'kwd,t}udrfxyfvkyf&ifb,foluolwkd@ukd,Hk=unfawmhrSmvJ?
ar; wdkif;&if;om;awGtaeeJ@ ppftpdk;&tay:,Hk=unfr_ odyfr±SdwJh taetxm;jzpfaewJhoabmrsdK;vm;´//
ajz wkdif;&if;om;awGa±S@rSmwif urBmutodtrSwfðywJhEdkb,f+idrf;csrf;a&;qk±Sif a':atmifqef;pk=unfudkawmifrS olwdk@vkyf&ufw,fqdkawmh usaemfwdk@wdkif;&if;awGqdk ykdqkd;rSmaygh? aemuf+yD;wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifawG ESpf±Snfaxmif %fcHae&wmvnf;vlwdkif;odw,f? olwdk@vkyf&yfawG ,Hk=unfp&mta=umif;r±Sdbl;?
ar; UN-SG bef;uD;rGef;vmwkef;u tiftm;}uD;typf&yfwdkif;&if;om;tzGJ@ UWSA wkd@ KIO wkd@eJ@ ay;rawG@bJ tzGJ@ao;ao;av;awGudkbJay;awG@wJhudpPaum b,fvdk,lq=uovJ ?
ajz usawmfwdk@udkrzdwfbl;ayghAsm? zdwfoGm;wJhtzGJ@awGvJtckwyftoGifajymif;a&;udpPudk vufcHxm;wJhtzGJ@awGbJ? tJ'D tzGJ@awGuolwdk@ pum;udkem;axmifwJhtzGJ@awG? olwdk@rl0g'udk vufcHwJhtzGJ@awGjzpfw,f? olwkd@ukdvufrcHwJhtzGJ@}uD;awGukdawmhb,fzdwfrvJ? zdwf&ifolwdk@oduQmusoGm;rSmaygh? r[kwfbl;vm;?
ar; wyfydkif;rSm wif;rmr_awG±Sdaew,fqdkwmu ´
ajz txl;ojzif h 0 awmifyd kif; 171 wyfu jyifqifr_av;awG±Sdw,f? etz uvJ wyfr 66 vm; 88 vm;rod/ jyifqifaew,fvdk@ usaemfwdk@=um;&ygw,f?
ar; 0bufuwyfrª;awG&J@tajctaeaum b,fvdk±SdvJ?olwdk@&J@pdwfaepdwfxm; olwdk@&J@oabmu b,fvdk±SdvJ ?
ajz [dkwcgu ajymwJhtwdkif;ygbJ? usaemfwdk@rlu +idrf;csrf;a&;udxdef;odrf;r,f/ jrwfEdk;r,f/ umuG,fr,f? usaemfwdk@udk aESmihf,Sufwmwdk@/ usL;ausmfwmwdk@/ ypfcwfwmwkd@vkyfvmr,fqdk&ifusaemfwdk@a±S@a&;twGufqHk;cef;wdkifatmifumuG,foGm;rSmbJ?
ODwifatmifcdkif RFA 7 / 7 / 2009
UWSA wyfrª;ESifhqufoG,f ar;jref;jcif;
qufoG,far;jref;
&±Sdxm;onfhtaxmuftxm;rsm;t& vGefcJhonfh 1996 rS2009txd vdk%facgif;aygif; 600 - 800 cef@udk =uyfajy; aejynfawmfESifh o#rf;jynf - xdkif;e,fpyfw0dkuf wl;az:a&;rsm;ðyvkyfvmonf? ppftpdk;&u v#yfppf0g,móu;rsm; wyfqifonfh vkyfief;[k vSD;vJGcJhonf? ,ckawG@±Sdcsuft& -
Ò tqdkygvdk%facgif;rsm;onfarmfawmfum; 0ifxGufEdkifonf txdus,f0ef;onf?Ò tpm;tpmESifh vufeufrsm; odkavSmifxm;Edkifonf?Ò vltiftm; 600 cef@ vaygif;rsm;pGm cdkvH_Edkifonfh tcef;rsm;±Sdonf?Ò vufeuf}uD;rsm; ESifh ð*vfwkqufoG,fa&;pcef; xm;¶Sd&ef tpDtpOfyg±Sdonf?Ò EsLuvD;,m;vufeuftwGuf ,la&eD,rf±SmazGwl; az:aeonfh (aumv[mv) owif;ESifhywfoufqufEG,fzG,f¶Sdonf?Ò tqdkygowif;rsm;ayguf=um;jcif;a=umifh ppfAdkvftcsdKŒ &mxl;ðzwfcH&onf?
(DVB) 24 June 2009
32 Vol. 26, No. 257, 2009
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UN-SG bef;uD;rGef; ESifh o#rf;'DcsKyfawG@qHkar; ukvtwGif;a&;r–;csKyfrpPwmbefuDrGef; eJ@awG@qkHwJhae&mrSmo#rf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm; 'Drkdua&pD tzGJ@csKyfxJu b,folawGygovJcifAsm;? awG@qkHaqG;aEG;cGifhtcsdefb,favmufavmuf&vJ
ajz SNLD xJu tzGJ@0ifawGjzpf=uwJh pkdif;apmatmifeJ@pkdif;a±$=uL;wkd@ESpfa,muf oGm; a&muf awG@qkHygw,f? *sLvkdif 3&uf nae 4 em&D 45 rdepfavmufrSm pawG@w,f? EkdifiHa&;ygwD10 ck eJ@twlawG@&awmh aqG;aEG;csdef 1 em&DavmufbJ&w,f?wkdif;&if;om; r[mrdwftzGJ@ UNA xJuawmh usaemfwdk@ SNLD
eJ@ukd;uef@'Drkdu&ufwpf 2 zGJ@bJ?
vkyfaqmifygr,fvkd@ AkdvfcsKyfr–;}uD;oef;a±$u rpPwmbefuDrGef;ukdajymoGm;wJhtcsuf wpfcsufbJ±Sdw,f? usefwJhEkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;rsm;vGwfay;r,fqkdwJhudpP/ trsKd;om;&if=um;apha&; Dialogue
udpPwkd@ bmwpfckrS tajzwdwdususr±Sdawmh rpPwmbefuDrGef;&J@c&D;pOf[matmifjrifw,fvkd@vJrjrifbl;? auseyftm;&r_vnf;r±Sdbl;vkd@ajymcsifygw,f?
ar; 'Dc&D;pOfuae a':atmifqef;pk=unfwkd@ OD;cGefxGef;OD;wkd@EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om; wkd@awGvGwfajrmufzkd@twGuf b,favmufar#mfvifhcsuf±SdygovJcifAsm;´?
ajz 'DOpPmuawmh awG@qkHaqG;aEG;a&;taetxm; 'Drkdua&pDjzpfxGef;zkd@taetxm;/ tJ'Dtaetxm;tay:rSmAkdvfcsKyfr–;}uD;u b,favmuftwkdif;twmtxd yg0ifyl;aygif;vkdwJh qEN±SdovJ qkdwJhtcsuftay:rSmrlwnfygw,f? usaemfwdk@ar#mfvifh&wJhvlawG tay:rSmrrlwnfygbl;? vkyfaqmif&r,fhvlawGay:rSmbJrlwnfygw,f?
ar; aemuf+yD;trsKd;om;&if=um;apha&;twGuf b,favmufxdwkd;wufr_±SdEkdifrvJ okH;oyfay;ygOD;cifAsm; ´
ajz 'Dc&D;pOfrSm a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@awG@zkd@ rpPwmbef;uD;rGef;u r&rae 2 acgufwdwdawmif;qkdoGm;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh'Dol@&J@awmif;qkdcsufukd AkdvfcsKyfr–;}uD;oef;a±$urvkdufavsmwJh twGufa=umifh a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@rawG@vkduf&bl;? 'ga=umifhtrsKd;om;&if=um;aph a&;twGufaemufqkwfoGm;wJhajcvSrf;/ aESmifhaES;=uef@=umoGm;wJhajcvSrf;vkd@ okH;oyfvkdygw,f? 'DvkdaESmifhaES;=uef@=umapwJhtjzpfrsKd;eJ@bJ óuHoGm;&wJhtwGufa=umifhrkd@vkd@ 'Dc&D;pOf[m wkd;wufr_wpkHw&m/ auseyftm;&r_ r±SdwJhc&D;pOfvkd@ usaemfokH;oyfvkdygw,f?
ar; wkdif;&if;om;awGeJ@ ppftpkd;&=um;nD!¸wfa&;tajctaeukdaum olb,favmufxdpGrf;aqmifay;oGm;vJcifAsm; ´
ajz oltrsm;}uD;óud;pm;pGrf;aqmifoGm;cJhw,fvkd@ajymvkd@&w,f? Oyrm olwcgrSrawG@qkHcJh&wJh o#rf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm; 'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyfwkd@ wjcm;wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@wdk@ olawG@qkHoGm;cJhw,f? 'gayr,fh olrodoGm;wJhtcsufuawmh 'Dwkdif;&if;om;vufeufukdif tzGJ@awGqkdwmu etzppftpkd;&u vufeufay;ukdifxm;wJhjynfolppftzGJ@ ('grSr[kwf) taysmfwrf; wyfzGJ@
ar; bmta=umif;t"duxm;aqG;aEG;+yD; befuDrGef;u b,fvkdwkef@jyefygovJ
ajz SNLDtae eJ@ 'Drkdua&pDacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unf eJ@ wkdif;&if;om;acgif; aqmif cGefxGef;OD;tygt0if EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vkH;v$wfay;zk d@ t"duxm;awmif;qkdw,f?aemufwcsufu 'Dacgif;aqmifESpfOD;tygt0if wkdif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifawG 'Drkdua&pDtiftm; pkawGyg0ifwJhbufuwzuf+yD;awmh wyfrawmftpkd;&bufu wzuf awG@qkHaqG;aEG;zkd@ trsKd;om;&if=um;apha&; pwiftaumiftxnfazmfzkd@ 'DESpfcsufukdawmif;qdkygw,f? tJ'gukd rpPwmbefuDrGef;u - usaemfwkd@rSwfom;xm;yghr,f oufqkdif&mvl}uD; rifawGeJ@awG@&ifaqG;aEG;ay;yghr,f - vkd@ajymoGm;ygw,f?
ar; 'DawG@qkHaqG;aEG;&wJhtay:rSmauseyftm;&r_±Sdyg ovm;cifAsm; ´
ajz r±Sdygbl;? bmvkd@vJqkdawmh rpPwmbefuDrGef; ajymoGm;wJh tcsufxJu aemufqkH;tcsuf jzpfwJh 2010 a±G;aumufyGJukdyGifhvif;jrifom+yD; tm;vkH;vufcHEkdifwJha±G;aumufyGJrsKd; jzpfatmif
pmrsufESm 38 okd‹
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Shan Herald Agency for News 33
INDEPENDENCE
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wdkif;&if;om;typf&yftzGJ@wcsdK@[m ppftpdk;&&J@anmifESpfyifnDvmcHudkwufcJh=uayrJh rdrdwdk@ vdkvm;r_awmif;qdkcsufawGvpfvsL±_acsmifxdk;cH&wmeJ@ twdtvif; qef@usifvmcJh=uygw,f?aemufydkif;usawmh etz[m+idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@wcsdK@udk tiftm;oHk;zdtm;ay;cJh twif;t=uyfvufeufcscdkif;cJhygao;w,f?
e0w 1989 rwfvtwGif; a&;qGJcsrSwfcJhwJh “ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS ®yuGJvmaomtiftm;pkrsm;udk pkpnf;&ef” qdkwJhv#dK@0Sufrl0g'xJrSm wdkif;&if;om;tiftm;pkawG udk vufeufawGqufvuf udkifaqmifcGifh ay;xm;rSmjzpfayrJh v_yf&Sm;r_awGxdef;csKyfzdk@ (Containment)/ tiftm;awGuef@owfzdk@ (Restriction) eJ@tajctaeay;&if tm;vHk;acsr_ef; ypfzdk@ (Annihilation) qdkwJhtcsufawG xnf@oGif;a&;qGJcJhygw,f?
'gha=umifh wdkif;&if;om;tiftm;pkawGeJ@ +idrf;csrf;a&;aqG;aEG; wJhtcg vltiftm;eJ@ vufeuftiftm;pm&if;awG awmif;,l+yD; ppftiftm; xyfrHrwdk;csJ@zdk@/ ppfoifwef;ray;zdk@/ owfrSwfay;xm;wJhe,fajrxufausmfvGef+yD; rv_yf&Sm;zdk@/ wjcm;vufeufudkiftiftm;pkawG/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDawGeJ@ tquftoG,frvkyfzdk@/jynfolvlxkxHu aiGa=u;eJ@&duQm raumufcHzdk@/ pwJhpnf;urf;csufawGxnfhoGif;awmif;qdkcJhwm jzpfygw,f? e0w&J@=um;0if oyfv#dK®zcGJr_udk yxrqHk;cHcJh&wJhtzGJ@uawmh ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDuyxrqHk;cG JxGuf+yD; ppftpdk;&eJ@ yxrqHk;+idrf;csrf;a&;vkyfcJ hwJh&Srf;jynfajrmufydkif; txl;a'o (1) udk;uef@wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkiftzGJ@ygbJ?
1992 ckESpftwGif; MNDA ac: “jrefrmEdkifiHtrsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDr[mrdwftzGJ@” xJu zkef=um¶Sif;/ zkef=umzl; (zkefnDtpfudk) eJ@ ,efrdk;vsH/ ,efrdk;tef; (,efnDtpfudk) wdk@&J@ tm%mvkyGJrSm e0w ppftpdk;&u =um;0ifoyfv#dK ay;cJhygw,f? aemufqHk;UWSA 0 tzGJ@u raeomawmhbJ zkefnDtpfudkbufu &yfwnfay;cJhwJhtwGuf ,efnDtpfudktzGJ@ta&;edrf@oGm;+yD; ppftpdk;&eJ@yl;aygif;cJh&ygw,f?
1997 rSm e0w u t+yD;tydkifvufeufcscdkif;cJh+yD; pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGudkom vkyfudkifcGifhjyKcJhygw,f? udk;uef@tzGJ@ ucGJxGufvmcJhwJh rkefqmv acgif;aqmifwJh rkef;udk;umuG,fa&;wyfzGJ@MDA vJ2000twGif;rSm etz&J@t+yD;tydkif wdkufcdkufacsr_ef;jcif;cHcJh&ygw,f?
2000 Edk0ifbmrSm rkef;udk;umuG,fa&;wyfzGJ@ twGif;rSmvnf; tuGJt+yJawGay:aygufcJhygw,f? rkef;udk;umuG,fa&;wyfzGJ@&J@ 'kwyfrSL;jzpfwJh vDeDrif acgif;aqmifwJhudk;uef@§0 vlrsdK;pkvufeuf udkifawGu o#rf;§ucsifvlrsdK; jzpfwJh rkefqmvudkawmfvSefykefuef+yD;cGJxGufzdk@}udK;pm;vdk@ tuGJt+yJawGay:aygufvm
+idrf;tzGJ@tcsdK@tm; etz twif;t=uyf vufeufcscdkif;ykHcJh&wm jzpfygw,f?
wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftzG J@ tpnf;awGtwGif;rwnfr+idrfjzpf atmif/ tuGJt+yJawGjzpfatmif/ aoG;xdk;vH_@aqmfzefwD;+yD;tajctaeay;wmeJ@ tiftm;oHk;0ifa&muf acsr_ef;zdk@toifhjyifxm;cJhygw,f? etzwyfawG[m rkef;udk; ta&; tcif;rSmvJ rkefqmvbufu&yfwnf tultnDay;ovdkeJ@ wyftiftm;tvHk;t&if;oHk;+yD; vDeifrif acgif;aqmif wJh cGJxGuftzGJ@awGudk0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufcJhygw,f?
wyfrawmfaxmufvSrf;a&;!ef=um;a&;rSL;¶Hk;uppfOD;pD;r–;(yxrwef;) AdkvfrSL;}uD;pef;yGifheJ@uGwfcdkif tajcpdkuftrSwf (23)axmufvSrf;a&;wyfr–;Adkvfr–;0if;aZmfwdk@=um;0ifaphpyfajz&Sif;ay;zdk@óud;yrf;aepOfrSmta&S@ajrmufwdkif;ppfXmecsKyfwdkif;r–; AdkvfcsKyfoD[ol&wifatmifjrifhOD;(,ckAdkvfcsKyf}uD;/ etztwGif;a&;r–;-1)&J@trdef@t& &rc vufatmufcH ppfAsL[m(3)cktjyif AdkvfrSL;csKyfjrifhvd_if (,ck 'kwd,AdkvfcsKyf}uD;/ ava=umif;&efumuG,fa&;t&m¶dScsKyf) OD;aqmifwJh trSwf(16) ppfqifa&;uGyfuJr_XmecsKyf(puc-16) vufatmufcHwyfawG tiftm;tvHk;t&if;eJ@0ifa&muf wdkufcdkufcJhwm jzpfygw,f?
vDeifrif acgif;aqmifwJh tiftm;pkawG[m uu§vSrf;&J@=um;0ifaphpyfay;r_t& aemufqHk;rSm etz wyfawGxH vufeuf
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pmrsufESm 37 okd‹
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34 Vol. 26, No. 257, 2009
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26§12§1946 ae@eHeuf/ anmifa±$òrd@rSmusif;ycJhwJh vlxkpnf;a0;yGJrSmAdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; a[majymcJhwJhrdef@cGef;udk aumufE_wf+yD; cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmavhvmoHk;oyfjyvdkygw,f?
“ordkif;oifw,fqdkwmrt˜atmif/ rt˜apbdk@jzpfw,f”vdk@ ordkif;ygarmuQ a'gufwmoef;xGef; ajymcJhbl;w,f? orkdif;oifw,f avhvmw,fqdkwJhae&mrSm ajymwkdif;r,Hkbdk@/ tusdK;ta=umif; eJ@avhvmoHk;oyf+yD; tem*wfaumif;usKd;twGuftoHk;cswwf zdk@vdktyfygw,f?
26§12§1946ae@ anmifa±$òrd@ vlxkpnf;a0;yGJrSmajym=um;cJhwJh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;&J@ pnf;±Hk;a&;pum;/ ArmjynfeJ@o#rf;jynfyl;aygif;a&;a[majymcsufudk aumufE_wfa0zefoHk;oyfvdkygw,f?
“usaemfwdk@taeeJ@o#rf;jynfudkvJ vGwfvyfapcsifyg w,f?vGwfvyfw,fqdkwmwdkuf±d kufjzpfap/oG,f0d kufjzpfap/ wdkif;wyg;EdkifiHtpdk;& csKyfcs,fxm;wmrsKd;r&SdwJh vGwfvyfa&;rsKd;udkqdkvdkygw,f? vGyfvyfpGma[majyma&;om;cGifh/ vGyfvyfpGmpnf;±Hk;cGifhrsm;vJ&Sd&r,f? o#rf;jynftpdk;&/ o#rf;trsKd;om;t&m&Sdrsm;eJ@o#rf;jynf udkvGwfvyfpGmtkyfcsKyfcGifh&Sd&r,f? tckawmht*Fvdyfbk&ifcHuo#rf;jynfudkvufatmufcHxm;+yD; t*FvdyfawGuomjc,fvS,faew,f? usaemfwdk@uawmhbk&ifcHwdkuf±dkufrtkyfcsKyf bJo#rf;0ef}uD;wpfOD; cef@xm;tkyfcsKyfzdk@/ tJ'Dtwdkif;jzpfzdk@vdkvm;ygw,f/ tJ'Dtwdkif;jzpfvmbdk@vJ bdvyftpdk;&xHawmif;qdkxm;+yD;yg+yD? aemufwpfck - jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; vkyfief;rSmo#rf;jynfudko#rf;jynftrsKd;om;rsm; tkyfcsKyf+yD; EdkifiHjcm;a&;/ umuG,fa&;/pD;yGm;a&; pwJhta&;}uD;wJh udpPrsKd;awGrSm usaemfwdk@eJ@yl;aygif;aqmif±Gufzkd@vdkygw,f? tcktcsdeftcgrsKd;rSm wdkif;&if;om;tcsif;csif; pnf;vHk;nD!GwfpGm yl;aygif;aqmif±Gufbdk@ txl;ta&;}uD; ygw,f? usaemfwdk@wkdif;&if;om;tcsif;csif;omru tm±SEdkifiHtcsif;csif;awmif yl;aygif;aqmif±Gufzdk@ta&;}uD;w,fvdk@qdk&ygr,f?”
'Da[majymcsufawGudk Oya'±_a'gifh/ EdkifiHa&;±_a'gifh/ tkyfcsKyfa&;±_a'gifh/ orkdif;±_a'gifhuaeavhvm=unfhoifhygw,f?
Oya'±_a'gifhu=unfh&ift*FvdyfacwfwHk;u ArmjynfudktdEdN,EdkifiHxJujynfe,fwpfcktjzpfbk&ifcHaumifpDu tkyfcsKyfygw,f/ o#rf;jynf/ ucsifjynf/ csif;jynf/ u&ifeDjynf/ ppfudkif;wkdif;ae&mtcsKd@ ±Srf;eDrsm;aexdkifwJh a'otrsm;pkudkawmh apmfbGm;/®r@pm;/ aiGcGefr–;/ ol}uD;'l0g/ awmiftkyf pwJhrd&dk;zvm tkyfcsKyfa&;pepfeJ@ qufvufxm;&SdtkyfcsKyfapcJhygw,f? w&m;pD&ifa&;
63 ESpfu AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;. o#rf;jynfqdkif&mrdef@cGef;tm%mvJ e*dktwdkif;qufay;xm;ygw,f? Armbk&if oDaygrif;udkt*Fvdyfzrf;qD;oGm;+yD; &mxl;jyefray;awmhayrJh o#rf;apmfbGm;ucsif'l0g/ csif;awmiftkyfawGudkawmh zrf;qD;jcif;rðybJ rd&dk;zvmtwdkif; qufvuftkyfcsKyfapygw,f? 'Dacwfumvvdk jynfolawGvlrl'kuQaygif;pHk rcHpm;&ygbl;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;§w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%mawGudk,fhvlrsKd;vufxJrSmbJ±Sdw,f? t*FvdyfuEdkifiHjcm;a&;/ owWKwl;azmfa&;/ opfxkyfvkyfa&;avmufom t"duxm;wmyg?
t*FvdyfygvDrefu ol@&J@udkvdkeDa'oawGtay: pDrHcef@cGJbdk@/ udkvdkeDa&;&mÏme0ef}uD;wpfOD;xm;±Sd tkyfcsKyfapygw,f? AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; ajymcJhwJh ±Srf;jynf0ef}uD;cef@xm;tkyfcsKyfapbdk@enf;vrf;[mt*Fvdyftpdk;&J@ udkvdkeDa&;&m0ef}uD;eJ@ wpfoabmxJ [kwfr[kwfrod&yg?
Quasi Federal vdk@ac:wJh zg;wpfydkif;ig;wpfydkif; jynfaxmifpkyHkpH 1947 zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya't&o#rf; jynfe,fa&;&m0ef}uD;/ucsifjynfe,fa&;&m0ef}uD; pojzifhjyÏmef;tkyfcsKyfapcJhygw,f?jynfe,ftpdk;&zGJ@pnf;yHkawGrSm orRwvJryg/ jynfe,fb¾ma&; vJvkyfydkifcGifhr±Sd/ bwf*sufvdk&if jynfaxmifpkA[dktpdk;qD vuf jzef@awmif;c J h&ygw,f? zg;wpfy d ki f ;i g ;wpfy d ki f ;y H kp H jynfaxmifpk&J@tusKd;qufu jy\emaomif;ajcmifaxmif 'kuQaygif;pHkudko#rf;jynfvlxkcHpm;&awmhwmygbJ?
EdkifiHjcm;a&;/ umuG,fa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ aiGa=u;pepfpwJhta&;}uD;wJhu¾udpPawGrSm jynfaxmifpkA[dktpdk;&u vuf0g;}uD; tkyf,lxm;awmh o#rf;jynfxlaxmifa&;/ wnfaqmufa&;/zG H@òzd;wdk;wufa&;vkyfief;awG bmrStaumiftxnfazmfvdk@r&cJhygbl;? t&ifqdkAD,ufjynfaxmifpkqdk&if jynfaxmifpktzGJ@0ifEdkifiHawGrSm udk,fhorRw/ udk,fh0ef}uD;csKyf/ 0ef}uD;eJ@udk,fhb¾ma&;eJ@ zGJ@pnf;cJh=uwm? aemufqHk;rawmh 1962 rSm apmfbGm;awGjynfe,facgif;aqmifvGwfawmftrwfawGudk (ppfrSefwJh jynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufzdk@vGwfawmfrSm wifjyaqG;aEG;aewkef;) Adkvfae0if;u ppfwyfeJ@tm%modrf; zrf;qD;axmifcsvdkufawmhwmbJ?tJ'DrSmwif zg;wpfydkif;ig;wpfydkif; jynfaxmifpkpepfvnf; ed*Hk;csKyfoGm;+yD;Armppfwyf"g;rd k;tkyfcsKyfwJhrnfumrwW ta&ðcH jynfaxmifpkavmufbJ }uD;pdk;vmawmhw,f?
ordkif;±_a'gifhu=unfh&if t*FvdyfacwfrwdkifrDuo#rf;jynf[m®r@jyEdkifiHawGtjzpf xGef;um;cJhygw,f/ apmfbGm;®r@pm;awGtkyf
pmrsufESm 38 okd‹
Shan Herald Agency for News 35
INDEPENDENCE
Armppftkyfpk&J@tajccHOya' jynfolawG bmar#mfudk;EdkifrvJ(tydkif;-2)
jynfe,f/ wdkif;v$wfawmf
®r@e,ftoD;oD;u udk,fpm;vS,f 2 OD;pDa±G;jc,fay;&w,f? jynfaxmifpkwckvHk;vlOD;a&&J@ 0²1 μ ±SdwJhwdkif;&if;om; ukd,fpm;vS,fawGjzpfw,f? (wjynfvHk;vlOD;a& 57 oef;±Sdw,fvdk@ppftkyfpku qdkxm;awmh 0²1 μ [m vlOD;a& 57000 avmufeJ@nDr#r,f?)
®r@e,fudk,fpm;vS,feJ@ wdkif;&if;om;udk,fpm;vS,fpkpkaygif;tay:rlwnf+yD; 25μ (1§4 yHk)udk ppfwyfu xyfrHcef@tyfxnhfoGif;&ygw,f? 'ga=umifh v$wfawmf 3 &yfpvHk;rSm a±G;aumufyJGuvmwmr[kwfwJhudk,fpm;vS,f av;yHkwyHkyg0ifaeygw,f?
v$wfawmf 3 &yfpvHk;&J@ oufwrf;u 5 ESpf v$wfawmftpnf;ta0; yxrOD;qHk;ac:,lwJhae@&ufuae pwifa&wGufygw,f?
wjcm;ta&;ay:tajctaerSm ac:,lwJhtpnf;ta0;uvJGvdk@v$wfawmf 3 &yfpvHk;&J@ yHkrSeftpnf;ta0;}uD;udk tenf;qHk;1 ESpf 1 }udrfusif;yygw,f?
jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfrSm b,fvdkOya'ðytm%mawG±Sdw,f- jynfe,f/wdkif;v$wfawmfawGrSm Oya'ðytm%m b,favmuf±Sdw,fpwmawGvJaz: jyxm;w,f?(tJ'gawGeJ@ywfouf+yD; em;*pfzJG@pnf;yHkudktao;pdwf avhvmEdkif&ifvJaumif;ygw,f?)
tOD;qHk;odxm;oifhwhJt"dutcsufuawmh æææºuGif;usefaomtm%m (Residual power) odk@r[kwf
tajccHOya'xJrSmtwdtvif;az: jy±Sif;vif;rxm;wJh Oya'ðya&;qdkif&mtm%m[m jynfaxmifpk v$wfawmfvuf0,frSmbJ±Sdw,f?wjcm;jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawG&J@ tajccHOya'awGrSm jyXmef;avh±Sd=uovdk ºuGif;usefaomtm%m[m jynfe,fawG&J@vufxJrSmxm;±Sd=uwmeJ@ uJGjym;jcm;em;aeygw,f?
umuG,fa&;/ vkHòcHa&;/ EdkifiHjcm;a&;eJ@ pD;yGm;a&;u¾wdk@uvJGvdk@ jynfaxmifpkOya'ðyv$wfawmf±Sdovdk jynfe,fOya'ðyv$wfawmfvJ±Sdygw,f? w&m;pD&ifa&;usawmh jynfe,fawG&J@tm%matmufrSmr±Sdbl;? jynfaxmifpk A[dktpdk;&&J@atmufrSm vHk;0rlwnfygw,f?
jy\em wpHkw&ma=umifh jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfeJ@jynfe,fv$wfawmfwdk@tjiif;yGm;bG,f yËdyuQjzpfvm&if jynfaxmifpkvGwfawmf qENoabmxm;ubJ todtrSwfðycH&rSmjzpfw,f?
tkyfcsKyfa&;
(1) orw[m EdkifiHhOao#mif (Head of State) jzpfw,f?trsKd;om;v$wfawmf/ jynfol@v$wfawmfeJ@ v$wfawmfESpf&yfwyfrawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwdk@u yk*d~KvfwpfOD;pDtrnfa±G;cs,f wifoGif;&ygw,f? 3 &yfudk,fpm;vS,fxJu yk*d~Kvf 3 a,mufudkorRwtjzpf 1 a,mufa±G;&ygw,f? axmufcHrJ tenf;trsm;tay:rlwnf+yD; usef 2 a,mufudk 'k-orRw 1 eJ@ 'k-orRw 2xyfa±G;jc,fygw,f?
(2) orRweJ@ 'korRwwdk@[m b,fv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frSrjzpfap&/ tpdk;&tzJG@rSmyg0ifolvJ rjzpfap&? wm0ef&mxl;,lxm;&if E_wfxGuf&ygw,f? pD;yGm;a&;ukrü%DOuUXvdk EdkifiHa&;ygwD0ifvdk wjcm;jyifywm0ef&mxl;&,lxm;olvJ rjzpfap&?
(3) orRweJ@ 'korRw wdk@rSm atmufygt&nftcsif;(qualification) awG±Sd&ygw,f?
-t"dutm;jzifhtouf (45) jynhf+yD;ol-EdkifiHa&; ppfa&; pD;yGm;a&;eJ@ tkyfcsKyfa&;rSmtawG@tóuH±Sd+yD;
36 Vol. 26, No. 257, 2009
Lu|rf;usifol-jrefrmjynftwGif;tESpf 20 xufrenf;qufwdkufaexdkifvmol-rdrdjzpfap/ rdbjzpfap/ tdrfaxmifzuf (vif/r,m;) jzpfap/
om;orD; ac|;r/ om;rufjzpfap/ jynfyopPmcH =oZmcHol (odk@)wjcm;EdkifiHom;tjzpfcH,lxm;ol/ EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynf tcGifhta&;&±Sdol rjzpfap&?
jynfaxmifpktpdk;&rSm orRw/ 'k orRw/ 0ef}uD;rsm;eJ@Ed kifiHawmf a±S@aecsKyf (Attorney General) wdk@±S d=uygw,f?umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;/ jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;eJ@ e,fpyfa&;&m 0ef}uD;&mxl;awGudk a±G;jc,fcef@tyfEdkifwJh tm%mawmhorwrSmr±SdbJumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyftay:rSmrlwnfygw,f? orw[m jynfaxmifpkvGwfawmf&J@ oabmwlcGifhðycsufeJ@tnD wjcm;0ef}uD;awGoHtrwfawGcef@tyfEdkif/ wjcm;wdkif;jynfawGeJ@ oHwrefa&;&mqufoG,f/ jzwfawmufEdkif/ ppfa=ujimEdkif/ vGwf+idrf;csrf;omcGifh(Amnesty) ay;EdkifwJhtm%mawG±Sdygw,f?
tzJG@0if 11 OD;ygwJh EdkifiHawmfumuG,fa&;eJ@ vHkòcHa&;aumifpD±Sdygw,f? (Z,m;uGuf±_)
'DaumifpD[m umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf trnfwifoGif;r_eJ@&mxl;wm0efudktwnfðyay;&r,f?
tJ'DaumifpD&J@ twnfðyjyXmef;csuft& wyfrawmf[mEdkifiHawmfumuG,fa&;eJ@ vkHòcHa&;qdkif&mudpPrSefor# wEdkifiHvHk;jynfolvlxktay: ta&;,lEdkifwJhtm%m±Sdw,f?
tzJG@0if 21 OD; yg EdkifiHawmfb¾ma&; aumfr±Sif±Sdr,f?(Z,m;uGuf±_)?
'korRwwOD;u 0ef}uD;tzJG@awGwifjywJh(a±S@ESpfcef@rSef; ajcEdkifiHawmftoHk;pm&dwf) bwf*sufpm&if;udkpDppfbdk@ tm%mwm0ef±Sd+yD;/ usef 'korRwwpfOD;uawmh wdkif;eJ@jynfe,fawGwifjywJh bwf*sufpm&if;udkpDppfbdk@ tm%mwm0ef±Sdw,f? b¾ma&;aumfr±Sifu vufcHtwnfðy+yD; jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfxH qufwif&ygr,f?
wjcm;vkyfief;awGuvmwJh 0ef}uD;awGtzdk@ 0ef}uD;jzpfwmeJ@ rlvvkyfief; wm0ef&mxl;uaeE_wfxGuf&r,f? wyfrawmfu a±G;cs,fcef@tyfwJh0ef}uD;awGusawmh rlvppfwyfwm0ef&mxl;uae E_wfxGufp&mrvdkbl;? umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;/ jynfxJa&;0ef}uD;eJ@ e,fpyfa&;&m0ef}uD; jzpfbdk@twGufvJ b,fv$wfawmf&J@axmufcHtwnfðyr_csufrS rvdktyfbl;?
jynfe,f/ wdkif;tkyfcsKyfa&;
1? wdkif;eJ@ jynfe,ftoD;oD;rSm wdkif;/jynfe,ftpdk;&awGxm;+yD; wdkif;/jynfe,fOD;pD;0ef}uD;/ 0ef}uD;rsm;eJ@ a±S@aecsKyfawG ±Sdr,f?wdkif;/ jynfe,fawGudk ay;xm;wJh Oya'ðytm%mtwdkif;/ olwdk@rSmtkyfcsKyfa&;tm%mawG±Sdr,f? tajccHOya' owfrSwfjy Xmef;xm;
wJh tuef@towfabmiftwGif;rSmbJ tcGeftwkwfawG aumufcHEdkifwJhtm%m±Sdr,f?
2? wdkif;/jynfe,fvGwfawmfuOD;pD;0ef}uD;udka±G;cs,fw,f?wdkif;/jynfe,f OD;pD;0ef}uD;[m wdkif;/ jynfe,f v$wfawmfawG&J@axmufcHtwnfðyr_eJ@ 0ef}uD;awG/ a±S@aecsKyfawGudk cef@tyfEdkifwJhtm%m±Sdw,f?
'gayrJh wdkif;/jynfe,f&J@ vHkòcHa&;0ef}uD;eJ@ e,fpyfa&;&m0ef}uD;awGudkawmh umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfubJ a±G;cs,fcef@tyf&w,f? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;a'o OD;aqmiftzJG@OuUXawGvJyJoufqdkif&mudk,fydkif tkyfcsKyfa&;a'o udk,fpm;vS,fawGxJuaea±G;jc,fcef@tyfw,f? wjynfvHk;vlOD;a&&J@ 0²1 μ ±SdwJh vlrsKd;pkudk,fpm;vS,fuae wdkif;/ jynfe,f v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfvmolawGvJyJ oufqdkif&mvlrsKd;pk&J@ trwfjzpfw,f?
3? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&; a'orSm OD;aqmiftzJG@ (Leading
body) vdk@ac:wJhoD;jcm;Oya'ðyvGwfawmf±Sdr,f? Oya'ðytm%meJ@tkyfcsKyfa&;tm%m vHk;axG;xm;w,f? Oya'ðytm%meJ@tkyfcsKyfa&;tm%m oD;jcm;pDcJGrxm;bl;/ tcGeftwkwfaumufEdkifwJh tm%mr±Sdbl;?
®r@e,fOD;pD;tzJG@ toD;oD;rSm udk,fpm;vS,f 2 OD;pD±Sdr,f?tJ'DxJrSm 1§4 yHk (25μ) u wyfrawmfudk,fpm;vS,feJ@ ESpfzufpvHk; pkaygif;a±G;jc,fwJh udk,fpm;vS,fawGyg0ifr,f? tenf;qHk; 10OD;±Sdr,f? OD;pD;tzJG@rSm tJ'D udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;a'oxJu vlrsKd;pkwpktzdk@ vlOD;a&/ 10˜000 txuf±Sd vlrsKd;pk[m udk,fpm;vS,f1 a,muf bJa±G;cGifh±Sdw,f? ®r@e,fudk,fpm;vS,fwOD;OD;u udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;a'o OD;aqmiftzJG@&J@ OuUXtjzpfa±G;cs,fcH&rSmjzpfw,f?
4? c±dkifeJ@®r@e,ftkyfcsKyfa&;tzJG@awGudk tpdk;& a±G;cs,fcef@tyf&ygr,f? aus;±Gm/wdkufe,f tkyfcsKyfa&;udpPudkawmh a'ocH&yf±GmxJu av;pm;,Hk=unfwJh vlxkacgif;aqmifawGxH vJGtyfay;&r,f?
jynfe,fawG bm&rvJ? (o#rf;jynf)
Oya'jyKa&;u¾· trsKd;om;v$wfawmf tzJG@0ifudk,fpm;vS,f 16 OD;±Sdr,f?· udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&; a'oudk,fpm;vS,f 5 OD;/ tjcm;
7 OD;yg0ifwJh a±G;aumufcH& udk,fpm;vS,f 12 OD;-· wyfrawmfudk,fpm;vS,f 4 OD;· jynfol@v$wfawmfrSm udk,fpm;vS,f 68-69 OD;±Sdr,f?· 55 ®r@e,fu a±G;aumufcH& udk,fpm;vS,f 55 OD;· wyfrawmf udk,fpm;vS,f 13-14 OD;jynfe,fv$wfawmf (o#rf;jynfe,f) tzJG@0ifudk,fpm;vS,f
tenf;qHk; 140 OD;±Sdr,f?
Shan Herald Agency for News 37
INDEPENDENCE
a±G;aumufcH&®r@e,f udk,fpm;vS,f 110 OD; ( 1 ®r@e,f2 OD; » 55)
vlOD;a& 0²1μ ±SdwJh vlrsKd;pkudk,fpm; 6 OD; (tcg/ tif;om;/ucsif/ vm;[l/ vDql;/ ,if;=um;/,if;euf)
wyfrawmfudk,fpm;vS,f 29 OD;-w&m;Oya'eJ@ywfouf+yD; jynfaxmifpkA[dktpdk;&eJ@
jynfe,ftpdk;&awGt=um; tjiif;yGm;r_yËdyuQ±Sdvm&if jynfaxmifpktpdk;&u tEdkif&bdk@rsm;w,f?
tkyfcsKyfa&;u¾ (jynfe,ftqifh)
jynfe,fOD;pD;0ef}uD; jynfe,fv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f 140ausmf (ppfwyfrS 29) uaea±G;jc,fr,f?
OD;pD;0ef}uD;u jynfe,f0ef}uD;/ a±S@aecsKyfwdk@udk cef@tyfEdkifayrJhvkHòcHa&;eJ@ e,fpyfa&;&m 0ef}uD;&mxl;awGudk cef@tyfEdkifwJhtm%mr±Sdbl;?
udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;a'o tkyfcsKyfa&;eJ@ Oya'ðya&;uwckwnf;jzpfw,f?
vuf±Sdtypf&yf 0 wyfzJG@&±SdaewJh tm%mawGtawmfrsm;rsm; vufvGwfqHk;±_H;&r,f?
tcGefqdkif&m tm%mr±Sd? jynfe,ftqifhudkbJ vufjzef@awmif;&r,f?
aus;±Gm/wdkufe,f (ol}uD;/wdkufol}uD;)awGvJ a±G;aumufyJGu vmwmr[kwf? c±dkif/®r@e,fawGubJa±G;jc,f cef@tyfay;r,f?
w&m;pD&ifa&;
(bmrSvkyfydkifcGifhtm%mr±Sd)vuf±SdArmppftkyfpk&J@ em;*pfzJG@pnf;yHktajccHOya'udk
ðcHiHkcsKyf=unhfvdkuf&if-jynfaxmifpkr®yuJGa&;
(cJGxGufcGifhvHk;0ydwfyifwm;jrpfxm;)-ppfwyftkyfpkubJ a&±Snfxm0&tm%m&a&;?-tajccHOya'udk ðyjyifrvm;/ EdkifiHa&;pepfðyjyifrvm;/ wyfrawmf&J@ oabmwlnDr_qEN trsm;pkyg&r,f?-a':atmifqef;pk=unf EdkifiHt}uD;tuJ (orRw/0ef}uD;
csKyf) vHk;0 jzpfcGifhr±Sd?odk@aomf b,fwdkif;jynf/bmzJG@pnf;yHktajccHOya'rSm rqdk/
[muGuf tm;enf;csufqdkwm±Sdwmcsnf;yg? EdkifiHa&;/ urBmhta&;qdkwm edpPoabm yHkaoum;csyfr±Sdygbl;? bmudkrqdk ta=umif;tusKd; taumif;tqdk; *Ce% avhvmqef;ppf+yD; bmvkyfoifhw,f? b,fvdkenf;vrf;±Sm&r,fqdkwmawGudk awG;qqHk;jzwf&vdrfhr,f?
“tajctae (ywf0ef;usiftaetxm;) qdkwm &ifqdkifwdkufcdkuf&rJh&efolr[kwf/twlwuGtvkyfvkyf&r,fhrdwfaqGjzpfw,f?” (Circumstances are not enemies to be fought, but al-
lies to work with) qdkwJh w±kyf'\etqdktrdef@udk owdrlrSwfom;oifhygw,f?
(p0fcGef;ap. o#rf;aqmif;yg;udk pdkif;q,fef*sifhbmomjyefonf?) 23/3/2009
cscJh=uygw,f? 'gayrJh e,fvSnf@&rcXmecsKyfudk rlq,f+rdK@txdajymif;a&$@zGifhvSpf+yD; rkef;udk;ppfqifa&;udk teD;uyfuGyfuJaewJhwdkif;r–; AdkvfcsKyfwifatmifjrifOD;u “0 eJ@udk;uef@awGudk wa,mufrSrjrifcsifbl;”vdk@ tjywf!$ef=um;cJhwma=umifha&S@wef;wyfr–;jzpfwJh puc (16) rSL; AdkvfrSL;csKyfjrifhvd_ifu vDeifrif tygt0if 0eJ@ udk;uef@vlrsdK;pk vufeufudkif (97) OD;udkwef;pD+yD;ypfowfcdkif;cJhygw,f?
rkef;udk;ta&;tcif;umvtwGif;rSm ykefuefcJholawGtjyiftjypfrJh 0 eJ@ w&kwf t&yfom;awG/ aps; onfawG trsm; tjym;towfcHcJh&ygw,f? etzu vDeifrif acgif;aqmifwJhtiftm;pkudktjywf&Sif;cJhwJhtjyif aemufqHk;rSm rkefqmvudkyg zrf;qD;cJhwJhtwGuf 2000 Edk0ifbm (24) &ufae@rSm pwifcJhwJhrkef;udk;ta&;tcif; vJ 'DZifbm(2) &ufae@rSm +yD;qHk;oGm;cJh+yD; rkef;udk;a'owckvH k; e0wppftpd k;&xdrf;csKyfr_atmuft+yD;tyd ki f a&muf±d SoGm;cJh&ygw,f?
pmrsufESm 33 rS
rkef;udk;umuG,fa&;wyfzGJ@&J@OuUX rkefqmvtay: pGJcsuftrsdK;rsdK;eJ@ ao'%ftygt0if ESpf&Snfaxmif'%f (75) ESpf txdcsrSwfcJh+yD; &cdkifjynfe,f bl;oD;awmiftusOf;axmifudk ydk@aqmifcsKyfaESmifxm;cJhygw,f? vlaygif; rSm;cJhwJh OD;rkefqmv[m pdwfqif;&Jvlqif;&JeJ@axmifxJrSm (6)ESpf ausmfaecJh&+yD; 2006 =o*kwf (24)&uf ae@rSm bl;oD; awmif tusOf;axmifxJ b0 ed*H k;csKyfoGm;cJh&ygw,f? 2005 a&mufawmh &Srf;jynftrsdK; om;wyfr awmf(SSNA) wyfzGJ@u AdkvfrSL;}uD; uefe acgif; aqmifwJh wyfr[m(11) eJ@ AdkvfrSL;}uD;*k%fac;acgif;aqmif wJh wyfr[m (19) utiftm;wcsdK@udk etz ppf tpdk;&u twif;tuswf vufeufcscdkif;cJhygw,f? OuUX OD;tdkufrkef;acgif;aqmifwJh yavmifjynfe,fvGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf (PSLA) tzGJ@tay:vJ twif;t=uyfvufeufcscdkif;cJhygw,f?
ausmfpGm (DVB) {+yD 10 &uf 2009
38 Vol. 26, No. 257, 2009
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csKyfygw,f/ tiftm;}uD;wJhtcgoD;jcm;jzpf+yD; tiftm;enf;wJhtcgArmbk&ifudkb¾mquf=oZmcH=u&ygw,f/ wdkuf±d kufvufatmufcH EdkifiHr[kwfygbl;/ udk,fhvlrsKd;eJ@udk,ftkyfcsKyfcJh=uw,f?t*Fvdyfacwf/ *syefacwfrSmawmifrS apmfbGm;awG®r@pm;awGtkyfcsKyfa&;tm%m/ w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%m rqHk;±_H;cJh=uyg?
t*FvdyfatmufY a&mufcJh&wJhESpfaygif; 60 ausmftwGif;ArmjynfEdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifawGo#rf;jynfudkvm+yD; o#rf;jynfvGwfvyfa&;twGufajymqdkwmrawG@&ygbl;/ 1946 usrS zqyvOuUXAdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;uo#rf; jynfvGwfvyfa&;udpP vmajymwm[m av;av;eufeufpOf;pm;oifhwJhudpPjzpfw,f? ,kwWdaA't&ajym&if o#rf;jynfjynfolvlxkwpf&yfvHk;&J@wm0efbJjzpf w,f?yxr/ 'kwd,/ wwd, Armtifyg,mwnfaqmufa&;rSm o#rf;/rGef/ u&if awGyg0ifyHhydk;tm;jznfhcJh=uvdk@ay:aygufcJh&wm jzpfw,f?ArmjynfeJ@ aygif;wJh zm;wpfydkif;ig;wpfydkif; jynfaxmifpk yHkpH&J@tusKd;qufuawmh 1962 rSm o#rf;jynfapmfbGm;awG/ wdkif;&if;om;EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifawG tkyfcsKyfa&;tm%mqHk;±_H;=u& w,f?
EdkifiHa&;±_@a'gifhu=unfh&if Armjynf zqyv tzGJ@csKyfudk,fYu r&ao;wJhtm%mudk}udKvdkae=uw,f? qdk±S,fvpf/ uGefjrLepf/ jynfol@&JabmfawGrnD!GwfcJh=ubl;? vGwfvyfa&;&wmeJ@uGefjrLepfawGjynfwGif;ppfudk tpysKd;cJhwmawG@&ygw,f? wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;twGuf AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;ajymqdk pnf;±Hk;vkyf±Sm;cJhayrJh zqyv twGif;rSmawmh Armtcsif;csif; nD!Gwfa&;ysufjym;cJhygw,f?
“vGwfvyfpGma&;om;ajymqdkcGifh/ vGyfvyfpGmpnf;±_H;cGifhawG±Sd&r,f? o#rf;jynftpdk;udk o#rf;jynf trsKd;om;t&m±SdawGeJ@vGyfvyfpGmtkyfcsKyfydkifcGifh ±Sdap&r,f” vdk@ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; ajymcJhayrJh uae@vufawG@b0jzpfay:aewmawGu qef@usifzufajymif;jyefcsnf;jzpfw,f?
ynma&;qdkwm vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;wkdif;jynfwpfcktwGuf t}uD;rm;qHk; tajccHEdkifiHa&;ygbJ/ ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifh±Sdzdk@vdkyg w,f?udk,hf&ydkifcGifhtcGifhta&;udk udk,fudk,fwdkifazmfaqmif &ygr,f/olrsm;tm;udk;vdk@r&bl;/ olrsm;uvJwu,fvkyfay;rSm r[kwfbl;?
usaemfhtaeeJ@±Srf;jynfudk vGwfajrmufapvdkygw,f? (ppfwyfu|efb0 a&mufae&wJh Armjynfolrsm;udkvnf; vGwfajrmufapvdkygw,f?) o#rf;jynfolrsm; vGwfvyfw,fqdkwm wdkuf±dkufvGwfvyfr_jzpfapcsifygw,f? oG,f0dkufjzpfap/ wdkif;wpfyg; EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;jzpfap csKyfcs,fxm;wmrsKd;r±SdwJh vGwfajrmufa&;rsKd;udkqdkvdkygw,f?
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;rdef@=um;cJhwJh 1946 anmifa±$rdef@cGef;&nfrSef;csuftwdkif; uae@txd taumiftxnf vHk;0ay:rvmao;yg? 8 jynfe,fjynfaxmifpkvlxkwpf&yfvHk; vGwfvyfa&;qHk;cJhwm 47 ESpf±Sdyg+yD? 'kuQaygif;pHkcHpm;ae&qJawG@&ygw,f?
'ga=umifhrsKd;qufopfvli,farmifr,frsm; taeeJ@ ajymwdkif;,Hk/ =um;wdkif;,Hkoifhygovm;? ta=umif;tusKd; taumif;tqdk; avhvmoHk;oyf+yD;rS ,Hkoifhygw,f? ,HkvG,fol a&wdk=unfhol udk,fusKd;zufolawG[m 'kuQa&muf=u&p+rJ? udk,fusKd;enf;=u&wmrsm;ygw,f? olwpfyg;tm;udk;pdwfrsm;av/ ,HkvG,favvGwfvyfa&;qHk;±_H;wwfavqdkwm acwftqufqufrSm oifcef;pmrsm;pGm±SdcJhyg+yD?
pdkif;0if;aÏ; (a±$vDjrpf0Srf;) *sEM0g&D 4 &uf 2009
('grSr[kwf)e,fjcm;apmifhwyftoGifajymif;zkd@ oabmwlxm;wJhtzGJ@awGeJ@omolawG@qkHoGm;cJh&w,f? tjcm;usef±SdwJh SSA ajrmufydkif;typf&yftzGJ@wdk@/ rGefwdk@ aemuf+yD; pkdif;vif; txl;a'o 4wyfzGJ@wdk@/ KIO wdk@ tp±SdwJhwyfzGJ@awGeJ@ olrawG@qkHoGm;cJh&bl;?ArmjynfrSmvufeufukdifaewJh Ceasefire tkyfpkeJ@ Non-Ceasefire
tkyfpkawGtrsm;}uD;usefaeao;w,f?'Dyk*~KdvfawGpkHpkHvifvifrawG@cJh&ao;or#awmh Armjynf
&J@ +yD;jynfhpkHwJh 'Drkdua&pDEkdifiHa&; qkdwm jzpfvmEkdifrSmr[kwfbl;?'ga=umifhrkd@vkd@ppftpkd;&eJ@ wkdif;&if;om;awG=um;vkyfaqmif&r,fhudpPrSm rpPwmbefuDrGef; rodao;wJhtcsuftvufawG trsm; }uD;±Sdygao;w,f?
ar; 'Dc&D;pOfa=umifh tem*wfjrefrmEkdifiH&J@ EkdifiHa&;tajctaeajymif;vJr_±Sdvmr,fvkd@ ar#mfvifhygovm; ´
ajz tenf;i,fajymif;vJr_awmh±Sd&if±SdrSmaygh/ 'gayr,fhxda&mufwJhajymif;vJ r_awmh±SdEkdifrSmr[kwfbl;/ wu,fvdk@ajymif;vJr_±S dvm&ifvJ 'Dc&D;pOfa=umifhawmhr[kwfbl;vkd@okH;oyfvdkygw,f?
ar; rpPwmAefuDrGef;c&D;pOfeJ@ywfouf+yD; b,fvdkpum;rsKd;aemufqHk;ajymvdkygovJcifAsm; ´
ajz o#rf;jynfom;rsm;a&m jrefrmEkdifiHom;tm;vkH;ukdyg tm;ay;pum;ajymcsifwmu tm; vkH;&ykdifcGifh±SdwJh tcGifhta&;ukd &J&J0hH0hHrawmif;qdk&J&if ppftpkd;&&J@ zdESdyfr_atmufuae vGwfajrmufEkdif rSmr[kwfbl;? 'ga=umifh u|Ekfyfwkd@ óuHawG@ae&wJh tcuftcJawGukdtmqD,Hwkd@ tD;,lwkd@od±Sdatmif yGifhyGifhvif;vif; &J&J0hH0hHxkwf azmfajym&Jzkd@ o#rf;jynfom;awGa&m typf&yf+idrf;tzGJ@awGtm;vkH;ukdygwdkufwGef;tm;ay;csifygw,f?
o#rf;oHawmfqifh *sLvdkif 5 &uf 2009
pmrsufESm 32 rS
pmrsufESm 34 rS
O'gef;rauÔ wpfaxmifhukd;&mukd;q,fhcGef
aESmif;twdwfutvGefrsuf&nfoGefòzd;b0if!‡Kd;o#rf;wkd@tjzpfqkd;?
Ô jzpfysufykHuTokd@ygArmwyfr–;rsm;,kwfrmta=umif;¶SmESdyfuGyfpGyfpGJeifwkd@olykefaqGrsKd;bJ?
Ô vlrsKd;wkH;a&;vufpGJaejzwfav;jzwfwJhav&ufpufenf;axG¶kdufxkaxmif;&yf¶Gma¶$@ckdif;ajymif;?
Ô xkdr#avmufESifhtm;r&ygawmifay:om;rsm;awG@av&mv,fuGif;,mawmxJypfowfAkdvfoef;a¶$.jzwfig;jzwf?
Ô vlpdwfuif; 'if;wkd@vkyf[efumrbDvl;wd&dp>mefaus;vufpHaysmfrdef;uav;rk'def;usifh&ufao;?
O'gef;rauÔ OpPmypPnf;óuH;vk,l
'if;wkd@p¶kdufðyrl"g;jyenf;wlrdkufZmwfcif;Arme,fcsJ@pdwf&if;?
Ô tedXm¶kHvGefajrmufvmrae@wae@uvkdygusdwfrSdwfemusnf;xkdyHk&dyfa&mifxif[yfqJtwdwf?
Ô o#rf;§u&ifjynfolrsm;tay:vl@cGifha&;csKd;azgufr_aemfurBmt&nfaysmfysufðyef;aqG;O'gef;ra=uat;?
aqvkdif;uGef[defXmae - u|ef;wpfaxmifajr01§06§09 csif;a'gif;
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40 Vol. 26, No. 257, 2009
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tmZD,H. tpkd;&ydkif;qdkif&m vl‹tcGifhta&; aumfr¶Sif (AICHR) zJG‹pnf;r+
S.H.A.N. P.O.Box 15, Nong Hoi P.O., Chiangmai 50007, Thailand
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