korean conflict 1950-1953 first war to use helicopters as troop transports wigwags.wordpress.com
TRANSCRIPT
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Korean Conflict1950-1953
First war to use
helicoptersas troop
transports
wigwags.wordpress.com/...
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www.maps.com
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“Korean War”
• Never declared an official War by Congress
• American troops were deployed as a “police action”
• United Nations coalition – not just the United States
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Causes of Korean War
1. Containment• 1947 commitment
to Containment forced the US to intervene with Soviet threat of communism in Korea
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Causes of the Korean War
2. Truman Doctrine• 1947 Truman committed
the country to the defense of “free peoples” everywhere against communist aggression.
• Korean War was the first place that American troops fought and died for this principle .
www.trumanlibrary.org
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Causes of Korean War3. China’s fall to Communism • Truman will be blamed for China
becoming communist. • China will become two nations:
- Mainland China under Mao Tse-tung- Anti-Communist China under Chiang Kai-shek on the island of Taiwan.
** Korean’s want one nation with one government. Kim Il Sung will gain Soviet permission to attack South Korea to reunite the country.
Mao Tse-Tung
Chiang Kai-shek
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Korea’s History
• Remained under Japanese rule until liberated by US and Soviet troops in 1945
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Japanese troops leaving Korea
www.military.com
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Korea’s History
• 1945 Korea was divided at the 38th parallel to avoid conflict between US and USSR.
• Soviet forces controlled the North
• American forces controlled the South
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Korea’s History
• 1948 US & UN encouraged South Korea to have elections.
• Soviets objected – Stated Korea should remain divided until one government could be made.
• Soviets boycotted the election.
www.lifemagazine.org
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Korea’s History• Syngman Rhee
was overwhelmingly elected as President of South Korea.
• Dedicated anti-communist – US educated
www.aldeaeducativa.com
www.aldeaeducativa.com
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Korea’s History
• Soviet’s retaliated by forming a communist government in North Korea lead by Kim Il Sung.
www.kmike.com
www.kmike.com
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Korea’s History
• By 1949 both halves of Korea were recognized as independent countries.
• All US and Soviet troops withdrew from the Korean Peninsula.
• Kim Il Sung convinces Stalin that the US would not intervene in a Korean conflict.
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Korean War Begins
• June 25th 1950 North Korean troops invaded South Korea.
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United Nations Involvement
• South Korean forces could not withstand North Korean forces.
• United Nations sends in troops to aid South Korea.
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United States Involvement
• Initially Truman stated US troops could only protect US Civilians as they retreated from enemy attack.
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United States Involvement
• Once the UN was involved Truman sent General Douglas Mac Arthur to take command of the multinational force to assist in the defense of South Korea.
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/koreasub.htm
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Arrival of UN Troops
• Invasion at Inch on– Troop landing behind
enemy lines– Forced North Korean
troops out of South Korea
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/koreasub.htm
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• Chinese refugees leaving Inch on after UN invasion
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Reevaluation of war’s purpose
• Focus changed from forcing North Korean withdrawal from the South to punishing North Korea in defeat.
Marines landing at Inch on
www.Military.com
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Decision to cross the 38th parallel
• Concern over Communist China involvement if North Korea was attacked.
• Mac Arthur assured Truman that UN troops would quickly defeat Chinese Army
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Miscalculations
• October 1950 A massive Chinese communist army crossed the Yalu River into North Korea.
• Pushes UN forces back into South Korea.
Crossing the Yalu River into North Korea
www.military.com
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Stalemate
• After several weeks of fighting the battle lines stabilized close to the 38th parallel.
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/koreasub.htm
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Truman’s Limited War
• Many American’s wanted to push for unconditional surrender as was achieved with Germany and Japan after WWII.
• Truman worried about widening the war with Soviet Union and its allies and the threat of nuclear weapons being used.
Soviet Peacekeeping Nuclear Missiles
www.military.com
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Mac Arthur’s Insubordination
• Mac Arthur wanted to bomb China, block aid the Chinese coast, and unleash the anti-communist Chinese forces from Taiwan.
• Mac Arthur publicized his criticism of Truman which lead to his firing in 1951.
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/koreasub.htm
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American Public
• As the stalemate continued American’s also grew tired of limited war strategies.
• 1952 Presidential election brought Republican, Dwight D. Eisenhower, to office with the promise of ending the fighting in Korea.
www.military.com
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Armistice
• July 1953 an armistice was finally concluded.
http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/koreasub.htm
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Peace?
• A peace treaty has never been signed, and the peninsula remains divided by a heavily fortified frontier commonly referred to as the DMZ. This is almost the same line as the 38th parallel.
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DMZ Zone 1 ½ Miles Wide
www.military.com
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Increased the Cold War
• Created more friction between the United States and the Soviet Union
• Feelings of enmity developed between China and the United States that would last for decades.
• Demonstrated the will of the US to do everything possible to prevent the proliferation of communism.
• This war created a fear in the US of the domino effects of communism. The US intervened in Vietnam to avoid another North Korea.
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Effects of Korean War
• Several Korean casualties on both sides though the exact figure may never be known
• American casualties 136,935 KIA 33,651
• Families were split with relatives on either sides of the border
• South Korea became an important US military base with thousands of American troops stationed there.
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Effects of Korean War
• The Korean War never ended. The inability of the two sides to resolve their differences has meant that the two Koreas and their allies have had to remain on a battle ready state along the border ever since.
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After Korean War
• SEATO (South East Asia Treaty Organization) was formed as a defensive alliance to prevent communist aggression in Asia.
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Currently• Today South Korea
has become a major economic and technological power.
Seoul, South Korea
www.korea.com
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Currently
• North Korea is a poverty-stricken, heavily militarized nation.
• It is hoped that one day the two Koreas will become one.
North Korea from satellite image. Very little technology. Most of the country is without power
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Currently• On October 4 2007 the
South Korean Leader Roh Moo-Hyun and the North Korean leader Kim Jong-il signed an eight-point peace agreement on issues of permanent peace, economic cooperation, high-level talks, renewal of highway, air travel and train services.
Roh Moo-Hyun
Kim Jong-il
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Currently
• North Korea has carried out a controversial nuclear test and several ballistic missile tests. A nuclear North Korea is a threat to Japan, South Korea and the United States.
www.military.com
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Korean War Memorial